Chapter IV

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data gathered from the thirty

four (34) respondents at the Laguna State Polytechnic University, Los Baños Campus,

Los Baños Laguna.

The figure presents the distribution of respondents through their sex orientation.

The percentage for the number of male and female was indicated.

Sex

Male
21%

Female
79%

Figure 1. Sex Distribution of the Respondents

Figure 1 shows that there are 7 male respondents which is 21% while there are 27

female respondents which is about 79% of the total number of respondents. This implies

that there is majority of female respondents than male.

 The Figure presents the distribution of the respondents in terms of higher and

lower group on formative assessment. This result was identify by using item analysis. It

was divided into two and the percentages where indicated for each part of the graph.

Formative Assessment

8%

92%

Higher Group Lower Group

Figure 2. Formative Assessment Result

Figure 2 shows that the great majority of the respondents are lower group with the

total of 31 students which is 92% of the total number of the respondents. Only few number

of higher group have 8% of the total number of the respondents.

The figure presents the division of the respondents through the result of the

formative assessment. It was divided into two where the lower group are the students

gets lower than 50% score of the passing rate while the higher group are the students

who got the passing rate score or either beyond passing rate score of the examination.
 The percentage of respondent’s number for each category was indicated. And shows that

only few students have the idea about the lesson or have prior knowledge about the topic.

Interpretation

Interpretation

Remarks

Decision
Item No.

Level

Level
CUG

CLG

DF

DI
Difficult Not Questionable Not
1 2 11 0.38 -0.26 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Difficult Not Questionable Not
2 2 6 0.24 -0.12 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Difficult Not Questionable Not
3 1 10 0.32 -0.26 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Difficult Not Questionable Not
4 3 10 0.38 -0.21 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Difficult Not Questionable Not
5 2 8 0.29 -0.18 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Questionable Not
6 1 14 0.44 Average Accepted -0.38 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Difficult Not Questionable Not
7 0 10 0.29 -0.29 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Difficult Not Questionable Not
8 2 8 0.29 -0.18 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Questionable Not
9 1 16 0.50 Average Accepted -0.44 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Very
Not Questionable Not
10 3 27 0.88 Easy -0.71 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Difficult Not Questionable Not
11 2 7 0.26 -0.15 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Difficult Not Questionable Not
12 1 3 0.12 -0.06 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Questionable Not
13 3 15 0.53 Average Accepted -0.35 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Difficult Not Questionable Not
14 1 12 0.38 -0.32 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Questionable Not
15 1 19 0.59 Average Accepted -0.53 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Questionable Not
16 2 16 0.53 Average Accepted -0.41 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Difficult Not Questionable Not
17 0 12 0.35 -0.35 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Very
Not Questionable Not
18 3 25 0.82 Easy -0.65 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Very
Not Questionable Not
19 1 5 0.18 Difficult -0.12 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
 Easy Not Questionable Not
20 3 19 0.65 -0.47 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Questionable Not
21 3 17 0.59 Average Accepted -0.41 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Very
Not Questionable Not
22 3 24 0.79 Easy -0.62 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Questionable Not
23 0 14 0.41 Average Accepted -0.41 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Very
Not Questionable Not
24 3 20 0.68 Easy -0.50 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Very
Not Questionable Not
25 3 21 0.71 Easy -0.53 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Questionable Not
26 2 12 0.41 Average Accepted -0.29 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Very
Not Questionable Not
27 2 20 0.65 Easy -0.53 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Questionable Not
28 3 16 0.56 Average Accepted -0.38 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Very
Not Questionable Not
29 3 25 0.82 Easy -0.65 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Very
Not Questionable Not
30 3 24 0.79 Easy -0.62 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Difficult Not Questionable Not
31 1 10 0.32 -0.26 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Very
Not Questionable Not
32 1 3 0.12 Difficult -0.06 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Questionable Not
33 2 12 0.41 Average Accepted -0.29 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Very
Not Questionable Not
34 0 3 0.09 Difficult -0.09 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Difficult Not Questionable Not
35 2 7 0.26 -0.15 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Very
Not Questionable Not
36 0 1 0.03 Difficult -0.03 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Very
Not Questionable Not
37 0 4 0.12 Difficult -0.12 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Difficult Not Questionable Not
38 2 8 0.29 -0.18 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Very No Revise/
Not
39 3 3 0.18 Difficult 0.00 Discriminatin Accepted Fair Improv
Accepted
Item g Power e
Difficult Not Questionable Not
40 3 5 0.24 -0.06 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
Difficult Not Questionable Not
41 1 10 0.32 -0.26 Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
 Very
Not Questionable Not
42 1 2 0.09 Difficult -0.03 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Questionable Not
43 1 13 0.41 Average Accepted -0.35 Poor Reject
Item Accepted
Very
Not Questionable Not
44 3 0 0.09 Difficult 0.09 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Very No Revise/
Not
45 1 1 0.06 Difficult 0.00 Discriminatin Accepted Fair Improv
Accepted
Item g Power e
Very
Not Questionable Not
46 0 2 0.06 Difficult -0.06 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Very
Not Questionable Not
47 0 2 0.06 Difficult -0.06 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Very No Revise/
Not
48 0 0 0.00 Difficult 0.00 Discriminatin Accepted Fair Improv
Accepted
Item g Power e
Very
Not Questionable Not
49 0 1 0.03 Difficult -0.03 Poor Reject
Accepted Item Accepted
Item
Questionable Not
50 2 14 0.47 Average Accepted -0.35 Poor Reject
Item Accepted

Difficulty Index
𝐶𝑈𝐺 + 𝐶𝐿𝐺
𝐷𝐹 =
𝑁
Where:
DF= difficulty index value
CUG= the number of students in the upper group who answered the item correctly
CLG= the number of the students in the lower group who answered the item correctly
N= the total number of students who are involved in item analysis
The computed difficulty index can be interpreted using the scale below:

Range of Difficulty Index Level

0.00-0.20 Very Difficult Item
0.21-0.40 Difficult Item
0.41-0.60 Average/ Moderately Difficult Item
0.61-0.80 Easy Item
0.81-1.00 Very Easy Item

Discrimination Index
 Range of Index of Discrimination Level
-1.00 to -0.01 Questionable Item
0.00 No Discriminating Power
0.01-0.19 Very Low Discriminating Power
0.20-0.40 Low Discriminating Power
0.41-0.60 Moderately Discriminating Power
0.61-1.00 Very High Discriminating Power

Table 1 shows the computed difficulty index with the discrimination index Difficulty index
represent whether the question items are too difficult, moderate and easy. While the
discrimination index measures whether the students know the lesson or not.
Majority of the text questions are not accepted because of some of the questions
are too difficult or too easy that symbolize of ineffectiveness of the assessment. The
discrimination index as well are not accepted. This means that the assessment need to
revised and change.

Summative Assessment

12%

88%

Higher Group Lower Group

Figure 3. Summative Assessment Result

Figure 3 shows that the great majority of the respondents are higher group with a

total of 30 students which is 88% of the total number of the respondents. Only few number

of lower group have 12% of the total number of the respondents.

 The figure presents the division of the respondents through result of the summative

assessment. It was divided into two and the percentage of respondent’s number for each

category was indicated. And shows the effectiveness of the item analysis and revision of

the examination. This item analysis and revision of the examination has a great factor to

make the number of students reach the passing rate of the examination.

Interpretation

Interpretation

Remarks

Decision
Item No.

Level

Level
Cug

Clg

DF

1 8 4 0.35 Difficult Not DI

0.12 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power

2 9 5 0.41 Average Accepted 0.12 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve

Discriminating Accepted
Power
3 5 8 0.38 Difficult Not -0.09 Questionable Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
4 7 4 0.32 Difficult Not 0.09 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power
5 10 8 0.53 Average Accepted 0.06 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
6 9 3 0.35 Difficult Not 0.18 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power
7 7 8 0.44 Average Accepted -0.03 Questionable Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted
8 8 7 0.44 Average Accepted 0.03 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
9 10 5 0.44 Average Accepted 0.15 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
10 10 5 0.44 Average Accepted 0.15 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
11 9 5 0.41 Average Accepted 0.12 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
12 7 6 0.38 Difficult Not 0.03 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power
13 6 7 0.38 Difficult Not -0.03 Questionable Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
14 6 8 0.41 Average Accepted -0.06 Questionable Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted
15 7 9 0.47 Average Accepted -0.06 Questionable Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted
16 7 9 0.47 Average Accepted -0.06 Questionable Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted
17 8 10 0.53 Average Accepted -0.06 Questionable Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted
18 9 8 0.50 Average Accepted 0.03 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
19 9 8 0.50 Average Accepted 0.03 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
20 5 8 0.38 Difficult Not -0.09 Questionable Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
21 9 9 0.53 Average Accepted 0.00 No Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
22 5 10 0.44 Average Accepted -0.15 Questionable Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted
23 3 12 0.44 Average Accepted -0.26 Questionable Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted
24 9 8 0.50 Average Accepted 0.03 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
25 7 8 0.44 Average Accepted -0.03 Questionable Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted
26 6 9 0.44 Average Accepted -0.09 Questionable Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted
27 5 7 0.35 Difficult Not -0.06 Questionable Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Item Accepted
28 8 6 0.41 Average Accepted 0.06 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
29 9 7 0.47 Average Accepted 0.06 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
30 5 5 0.29 Difficult Not 0.00 No Not Poor Revise/Improve
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power
31 12 7 0.56 Average Accepted 0.15 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
32 8 7 0.44 Average Accepted 0.03 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
33 9 8 0.50 Average Accepted 0.03 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
34 8 9 0.50 Average Accepted -0.03 Questionable Not Fair Revise/Improve
Item Accepted
35 9 5 0.41 Average Accepted 0.12 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
36 10 6 0.47 Average Accepted 0.12 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
37 7 7 0.41 Average Accepted 0.00 No Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
38 8 6 0.41 Average Accepted 0.06 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
39 7 8 0.44 Average Accepted -0.03 Questionable Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted
40 7 4 0.32 Difficult Not 0.09 Very Low Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power
41 7 3 0.29 Difficult Not 0.12 Very Low Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power
42 8 3 0.32 Difficult Not 0.15 Very Low Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power
43 7 5 0.35 Difficult Not 0.06 Very Low Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power
44 8 6 0.41 Average Accepted 0.06 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
45 6 7 0.38 Difficult Not -0.03 Very Low Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power
46 5 4 0.26 Difficult Not 0.03 Very Low Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power
47 8 5 0.38 Difficult Not 0.09 Very Low Not Poor Reject
Item Accepted Discriminating Accepted
Power

48 9 8 0.50 Average Accepted 0.03 Very Low Not Poor Reject

Discriminating Accepted
Power
49 10 5 0.44 Average Accepted 0.15 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power
50 9 5 0.41 Average Accepted 0.12 Very Low Not Fair Revise/Improve
Discriminating Accepted
Power