STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

AND DESIGN REPORT

Of
Residential Building
February, 2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 4

1.1 ABOUT THIS REPORT 4

1.2 ABOUT THE STRUCTURE 4
1.3 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE 4

2. DETAILED PARAMETERS OF THE BUILDING 5

2.1 GENERAL PARAMETERS OF THE BUILDING 5

2.2 STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF THE BUILDING 5
2.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES 5
2.4 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN BASIS 5
2.5 DESIGN METHODOLOGY 5

3. LOADING 6

3.1 DEAD LOADS (DL) 6

3.2 LIVE LOADS (LL) 6
3.3 EARTHQUAKE LOADS (EL) 6
3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS 7

4. MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE....................................................................................8

4.1 THREE DIMENSIONAL VIEWS 8

4.2 PROPERTIES AND SECTIONS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS....................................................................................9
4.3 BASE REACTIONS 9
4.4 DRIFT IN THE BUILDING 10

5. STRESS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ELEMENTS 12

5.1 ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDING 12

5.2 MEMBER STRENGTHS 12
5.3 ELEMENT FORCES / STRESSES AND THEIR DESIGN 14
5.4 FOUNDATION DESIGN 18
5.5 DESIGN OF BEAM 20
5.6 DESIGN OF SLAB 20

6. Conclusions and Recommendations 23

 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 4-1: 3D view of model of the Building 8

Figure 4-2: Deformed shape in EQX 10
Figure 4-3: Deformed shape in EQY 11
Figure 5-1: Comp stress due to DL+LL+EQX load combination 14
Figure 5-2: Comp. stress due to DL+LL+EQY load combination 15
Figure 5-3: Tensile forces due to 0.7DL+EQx 16
Figure 5-4 Tensile stresses on cross walls due to 0.7DL+EQy 16
Figure 5-6: Shear stress on wall due to EQy (DL+LL+EQY) combination 17
Figure 5-7: Shear stress on wall due to EQX (DL+LL+EQX) combination 17
Figure 5-8: Load per meter at plinth level in the building under service. 18
Figure 5-9: Load per meter with earthquake loading. 19

TABLE OF TABLES

Table 4-1: Properties of Masonry 9

Table 4-2: Sections of Structural Elements 9
Table 4-3: Seismic Enhancing Elements 9
Table 4-4: Base Reaction 9
Table 5-1: Capacity calculation of Horizontal bands.............................................................................12
 Structural Design Report

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 About this Report

This report comprises planning, architectural design and structural design of a Masonry Residential
buildings composed of brick masonry in cement mortar. This report includes different parameters for
the analysis and design of presented structure. The design results are shown in a convenient tabular
format.

The principal aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe so as to possess adequate
strength, stiffness and stability during the action of all possible loads in its life span. Accordingly, the
structural design data are presented in the report.

1.2 About the Structure

The structure which is analysed and designed is one and a half storey brick masonry building with solid
RCC roof slab on its top. The structure has been strengthened with different vertical and horizontal RC
bands so as to improve the seismic performance of the structure.

1.3 Analysis procedure

The structure has been modelled and analysed with computer software “SAP2000 ver.14”. The software
has very good analysis and design capability which are verified in the verification problems included in
the package. It is a Finite Element Method (FEM) based software and requires modelling of the structure
by finite-elements. The walls were modelled with shell elements of appropriate property and the
building is assumed to be supported at plinth level for the analysis of super-structure. The analysis
stresses are used to verify the safety of the provided structural members, including walls. Also, these
designs are provided to include the minimum requirements for earthquake resistant measures as per
relevant National Nepal Building Codes as well.

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 Structural Design Report

2. DETAILED PARAMETERS OF THE BUILDING

2.1 General Parameters of the Building

Building Type : Residential Building
No of Storey : one and a half storey
Height of the building : 5.60 m (Including top half storey)
Wall : 230 mm

2.2 Structural Parameters of the Building

Foundation Type : Continuous Stone wall foundation
Walls : Brick Masonry Wall
Structural System : Load bearing system
Roof : Reinforced concrete roof
Soil Type : Soft soil (assumed for using even in soft soil condition)
Here, the value of Soil bearing Capacity of soil taken for soft soil conditions i.e. 100KN/m 2

2.3 Material Properties

Cement : Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)
Mortar : Cement-Sand mortar (1:6)
Brick : Class-A bricks (Min Compressive Strength 5MPa)

2.4 Analysis and Design Basis

The building is analysed and designed following the standard codes and norms. National Nepal building
code has been used to the extent, available and related IS codes are used, where NBC permits the use.
Different codes used for the structural analysis and design are:

i. NBC109:1994 [Load Bearing Masonry]

ii. NBC105:1994 [Nepal National Building Code: Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal]
iii. IS1905:1987 [Code of practice for structural use of unreinforced masonry].
iv. IS875:1987 [Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures]

2.5 Design Methodology

At first, architectural drawings are prepared considering different functional, geometrical and
engineering aspects. Then the building modelled in FEM-based software (SAP2000, version 14) for
detailed structural analysis including all material properties, loads and its combination. The analysis
results like direct stresses, bending stresses, shear stresses, tension, etc. are determined and checked
against the limiting value of the material as per codal provision. The drawings are suitably adjusted to
bring the building to safe level as per codal requirements.

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 Structural Design Report

3. LOADING
For the analysis of the building, all the loadings (dead loads and live loads) are calculated based on
different parts of IS875:1987. Earthquake load is calculated based on NBC105:1994.

3.1 Dead Loads (DL)

These are the permanent load which is not supposed to change during the structure’s design
life. The dead loads included in the design are:
a. Unit-weight of materials:
i. Brick Masonry: 21 KN/m3 including mortar
ii. Cement Plaster: 20.5 KN/m3
iii. RCC: 25 KN/m3
b. Roof dead load
i. Floor Finish: 1.0 KN/m2
ii. Parapet wall (100mm thick): 2.0KN/m

3.2 Live Loads (LL)

These are the loads that may vary its intensity and/or position during design life. Live loads for
roofs are calculated as per the functional requirement as specified in IS875 code. As this is one
storey building, there are no floors.
a. Live loads on roof
i. Accessible roof: 1.5KN/m2
ii. Inaccessible roof: 0.75KN/m2

3.3 Earthquake Loads (EL)

Earthquake load has been calculated based on NBC105. Basically, horizontal seismic forces shall
be considered for the structures that depend on different parameters. Different parameters for
generating earthquake loads are:

As per NBC105:1994
a. Seismic Zone Factor (Z) : 1.0
b. Importance Factor (I) : 1 (for Residential buildings)
c. Str. Performance factor (K) : 4 (for masonry with added ductile bands, as per NBC105)
d. Soil type : Soft Soil
e. Height of building : 5.60 m
f. Length of building : 12.425m
g. Width of building : 9.15 m
h. Fundamental Time period : 0.143 sec for D = 12.425 m
0.166 sec for D = 9.15 m
i. Basic Seismic Coeff. (C) : 0.08
j. Hor. Seismic Coefficient (Cd) : = 0.32

Thus, horizontal seismic coefficient of 32% is used for calculation of earthquake load and applied to the
structure with linear vertical distribution as per NBC105:1994. This has been defined in the FEM
program as follows:

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 Structural Design Report

3.4 Load Combinations

Different load combinations are generated as per NBC105:1994 for super-structure design. Wind loads
are calculated and used only for the roof truss analysis and design and presented on roof-design section.
Total nine load combinations are used for stress analysis of the structure as follows:

a. DL+LL
b. DL + LL +- EL (total 4-combinatinons for +ve and –ve EL in x & y direction)
c. 0.7DL +- EL (total 4-combinatinons for +ve and –ve EL in x & y direction)

where:
DL = Dead Loads
LL = Live Loads
EL = Earthquake load

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 Structural Design Report

4. MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF THE

STRUCTURE
The structure is modelled in SAP2000 version14. Shell elements are used to model walls. Roof loads are
applied to the walls using slab elements, and parapet wall loads are manually calculated and applied to
corresponding walls as applicable. Major RC bands are modelled with frame elements. Different data for
modelling are presented in the following sections.

4.1 Three Dimensional Views

The three-dimensional view of FEM model of the structure is as shown in Figure Modelling and Analysis
of the Structure-1. The major structural member is load-bearing wall, supported by different seismic
enhancing elements like RC bands, and vertical rebars. For the masonry wall modelling, a three-
dimensional four-node shell element having 24 DOFs with 6 DOFs at each node were used while
line/frame element having 12 DOFs with 6 DOFs at each node were used to model the bands

Figure Modelling and Analysis of the Structure-1: 3D view of model of the Building

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 Structural Design Report

4.2 Properties and Sections of Structural Elements

The main structural element is Brick load bearing walls. The thickness of wall is 230mm as shown in
plan. The basic compressive strength of masonry (with crushing strength not less than 7.5Mpa) in 1:6
mortar (M2) is taken as 0.59 MPa as per IS1905:1987.

Table Modelling and Analysis of the Structure-1: Properties of Masonry

Sn. Description Value Remarks
1. Brick 5 Mpa Safe value based on observation
2. Mortar 1:6 Cement:Sand M2 type
3. Basic comp. stress of masonry 0.44 MPa As per IS1905:1987
3. Compressive Strength 1.76 Mpa 4 times basic compressive
strength
4. Elasticity of wall (E=550*fm) 968 Mpa Reference FEMA

Table Modelling and Analysis of the Structure-2: Sections of Structural Elements

Sn. Material Thickness Remarks
1. Brick Wall 230 mm Brick masonry
2. Beam 230mm*325mm Reinforced Concrete
3. Roof Slab 100mm Reinforced Concrete
4. Column 230mm*230mm Reinforced Concrete

Table Modelling and Analysis of the Structure-3: Seismic Enhancing Elements

RCC flushed bands are provided in the jambs of all the openings. Although walls are designed to be safe
without these bands, they maintain the integrity of the wall and increases the ductility of the structure.

4.3 Base Reactions

The total horizontal forces applied on the building on earthquake loading is tabulated below. The
horizontal forces on each X and Y directions are same as these are calculated are based on seismic
coefficient method for low rise building having very low time-periods.

Table Modelling and Analysis of the Structure-4: Base Reaction

Sn. Load Case FX (KN) FY (KN) FZ (KN)
1 EQX -554.357 0 0
2 EQY 0 -554.357 0
3 Seismic Weight - - 1732.364

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 Structural Design Report

Here, earthquake load has been applied in accordance with earthquake load calculation. These
horizontal forces are distributed to each structural member based on their individual seismic masses
and experience lateral forces in addition to vertical dead and live forces.

4.4 Drift in the Building

Any functional building shall have limited deformation on design earthquake in addition to sufficient
strength against failure. This is important to maintain the serviceability of building even after the
earthquake. The drift ratio of up to 0.4% is allowed for the building structures. The maximum
displacement on each floor and the corresponding drifts are shown in figures below.

Figure Modelling and Analysis of the Structure-2: Deformed shape in EQX

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 Structural Design Report

Figure Modelling and Analysis of the Structure-3: Deformed shape in EQY

Permissible Deflection = 0.004*2800 mm

= 11.2 mm

Deflection in X-direction= 2.89mm

Deflection in Y-direction= 2.17mm

Hence, the deflection of structure is within permissible limit.

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 Structural Design Report

5. STRESS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ELEMENTS

5.1 Analysis of the Building

The structural system of this building is load bearing. Brick masonry walls are used as main wall system
which are strengthened with horizontal RC bands at plinth, sill, and lintel levels. Additionally, horizontal
RC stitch bands at corners and junctions, RC vertical bands on the line of jamb of openings and vertical
reinforcement with steel rebar’s at corners and junctions of walls are provided, that improves the
ductility and strength of the masonry.

The stress levels at different critical locations of the masonry walls and stresses on bands are calculated
to determine their sufficiency. The forces and stresses as determined from the FEM analysis is presented
in the following sections.

5.2 Member strengths

The capacity of each elements of the masonry system, like walls bands and steel sections are
determined to check against the actual stresses coming on the member. This way, they can be checked
against their adequacy and specifications. Bands and rebar’s are specified at critical locations which are
given in detail drawings.

Table Stress Analysis and Design of Elements-5: Capacity calculation of Horizontal bands
Calculation of strength of bands
With fy415 bars
Bandage Options B1
Width of band 230
Band thickness 75
Grade of Wire 415
Dia. of wire 8
No. of wires 2.00
Cover 25.00
Spacing of wire 172.0
Total area of wires 100.53
Allowable Tensile strength of wires 230
Allowable compressive strength of wires 190

Allowable comp. stress in conc 7

Increase in allowable stress in EQ combination 0.25
Total allowable tensile force 28.9
Total allowable compressive force 99.34

Bending in 230mm wall

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 Structural Design Report

Wall Thickness 230

Band thickness 75
Overall depth 230
Effective Depth 205.00
Considering maximum stress in bar equals to allowable stress
in bar,
Lever arm 180.00
MOR 5.2
Shear
Allowable shear stress in masonry 0.1
Maximum horizontal force (Shear) resisted by band 32.01

Even though, the primary function of masonry elements is to sustain vertical gravity load, structural
masonry elements are required to withstand combined shear, flexure and compressive stresses under
earthquake or wind load combinations consisting of lateral as well as vertical loads. In these studies, the
shear stress, tensile stress and compression stress for working stress load combination for earthquake
loading are checked with their respective permissible stress.

Even masonry structures are commonly practiced in Nepal, there are lack of experimental mechanical
properties of masonry and guidelines and codes for masonry structures. For this study, the permissible
strength for masonry are calculated with reference to IS1905:1897.

Compressive Stress of Masonry

Since the Brick masonry are strong in compression strength, the analysis were conducted for in-
plane compressive stress due to earthquake loading and compressive stress due to one of critical
loading combinations were verified with permissible stress.

Permissible Compressive Stress:

Compressive strength of masonry units = 5 N/mm 2

Mortar type M2 (1:6 Cement-sand)
Basic compressive strength of wall (fb) = 0.44 N/mm2 (from table 8, IS 1905:1987)
Permissible compressive stress (fc) = fb X Ks X Ka X Kp
Slenderness ration (most common) = h/t or l/t = 2890/230 = 12.56
Stress reduction factor (Ks) =0.83 for above slenderness ratio
Area reduction factor (Ka) = 0.7+1.5 A, A being the area of section in m 2
Area reduction factor (Ka), takes into consideration smallness of the sectional area of the elements
and is applicable when sectional area of the element is less than 0.2 m 2. But minimum area is
0.35m2 for smallest area. i.e. Sectional Area (A) > 0.2 m 2
Thus, Ka = 1
Shape modification ratio (Kp) = 1.0 (for H/W approx. 0.61 table 10 IS 1905:1987)
Hence, permissible compressive stress in Masonry (f c) =0.44*0.83*1*1
=0.3652 N/mm2

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 Structural Design Report

Though different walls have different values of slenderness and hence, stress reduction factor, for
this report, critical value is selected and used for all walls for the checking.

Compressive stress checks due to earthquake load for different walls are given in following
sections.

Permissible Tensile Stress:

As a general rule, design of masonry shall be based on the assumption that masonry is not capable
of taking any tension. For this case, tensile stresses are taken by vertical bands and their
sufficiency are checked. Tensile stress checks due to earthquake load for different walls are given
below in following sections.

Permissible Shear Stress:

Brick masonry are not much strong in shear strength due to lateral loading. Diagonal cracks were
developed due to shear forces. Hence shear stress due to in-plane lateral forces (earthquake
loading) was verified for one of the critical load combination with permissible stress. Shear
Capacity of masonry is taken as: 0.1+Fd/6 (where Fd=Compressive stress due to dead load). Shear
stress checks due to earthquake load for different walls are given in following sections.

5.3 Element Forces / Stresses and their design

The forces and stresses in each elements of the building are presented below. The stress diagrams are
presented below:

Compressive Stresses:

As illustrated in the stress diagram for different grids of walls, the maximum compressive stress
(minimum stress) on wall is 0.347 MPa which is below the compressive stress limit of 0.3652 MPa of the
considered masonry system. Compressive Stress S22 demand in load bearing brick masonry due to site
specific earthquake loading is well within permissible value except in very small locations of stress
concentration at corners.

Figure Stress Analysis and Design of Elements-4: Comp stress due to DL+LL+EQX load combination
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 Structural Design Report

Figure Stress Analysis and Design of Elements-5: Comp. stress due to DL+LL+EQY load combination

Tensile Stresses:

As illustrated in Figure 5-3, maximum tension on the wall is about 64 KN/m in width of 230mm
equivalent to tensile load of 7.36 KN near window opening Band. Hence 2-8mm fe415 bars with capacity
of 23KN is sufficient at the jambs of opening. Here, 2-10 mm bars with capacity of 35.88KN is provided
at the jambs of opening which is sufficient enough to resist all the tensions limiting the tensile cracks on
masonry near opening.

In addition to vertical bars at the jambs of opening, two 50x50x2mm thick hollow posts are provided
at corners and T-junction in order to provide tensile strength at corners and T-junctions which is
sufficient to provide required tensile strength which is very less as compared to side of openings.

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 Structural Design Report

Figure Stress Analysis and Design of Elements-6: Tensile forces due to 0.7DL+EQx

Figure Stress Analysis and Design of Elements-7 Tensile stresses on cross walls due to 0.7DL+EQy

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 Structural Design Report

Shear Stresses:

Shear stresses on different walls and piers are illustrated in the following figures. These stresses are less
than the least limiting value of 0.1 MPa for masonry in most of the places. The vertical stress near sill
level is 0.24 MPa, thus making the allowable shear of (0.1+0.24/6)= 0.14 MPa. Moreover, the exceeded
shear stresses are counter acted upon by the horizontal and vertical bands provided that enhances the
shear capacity of the wall. Here as the shear stress has not exceeded the limiting value of masonry, the
building is safe in shearing as well.

Figure Stress Analysis and Design of Elements-8: Shear stress on wall due to EQy (DL+LL+EQY)
combination

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 Structural Design Report

Figure Stress Analysis and Design of Elements-9: Shear stress on wall due to EQX (DL+LL+EQX)
combination

5.4 Foundation Design

The design of foundation depends on the maximum force on the structure footing during service and
during extreme cases of load combination.

Figure Stress Analysis and Design of Elements-10: Load per meter at plinth level in the building under
service.

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 Structural Design Report

The analysis shows the the maximum pressure under service condition is about 70 KN/m. Adding 20%
more stress for self-weight of foundation, a total of 84 KN/m load as acting from foundation.

Thus, footing depth is provided based on minimum requirement of NBC of 900mm.

Figure Stress Analysis and Design of Elements-11: Load per meter with earthquake loading.

Under earthquake, the vertical load increased to 115KN/m with a total of 138KN/m at base. Since,
bearing capacity can be increased by 25% in earthquake combination, the foundation with SBC of 100
KN/m2 (125 in earthquake combination) will be safe for the structure. Hence, the foundation width is
sufficient for service load as well as seismic loading condition.

Load Load Load

Combination Combination Combination
DL+LL DL+LL+EQx DL+LL+EQy
Load per m 70 115 99 KN/m
extra 20% 84 138 118.8 KN/m
SBC, KN/m2 100 125 125 KN/m2
Width of footing Required,
m 0.84 1.104 0.95 m

Width of footing Provided,

m 1.2 1.2 1.2 m

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 Structural Design Report

5.5 Design of Beam

Typical Design of Beam Output

5.1 Design of Slab

Design of Two Way Slab

lx = 3.35 m
ly = 3.85 m
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 415 N/mm2
Dia. Of Bar = 8 mm

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 Structural Design Report

ly/lx = 1.149
Two Way Slab
Status
Overall depth of Slab (D) = 125 mm DEPTH OK
Effective depth (d) = 106 mm

Load Calculation

Dead Load of Slab = 3.125 KN/m2

Floor Finish = 1.00 KN/m2
Total Dead Load = 4.125 KN/m2

Live Load = 1.5 KN/m2

Total Load = 5.625 KN/m2

Factored Load = 8.438 KN/m2

Type the Value for Slab

Type = 3 Type of Slab
Interior Pannels
αx- 0.046 One Short Edge Discontinuous
αy- 0.037 One Long Edge Discontinuous
αx+ 0.034 Two Adjacent Edge Discontinuous
αy+ 0.028 Two Short Edges Discontinuous
Two Long Edges Discontinuous
Three Edge Discontinuous (One Long
Edge Cont.)
Three Edge Discontinuous (One Short
Mx- 4.325 KNm Edge Cont.)
My- 3.504 KNm Four Edge Discontinuous
Mx+ 3.244 KNm
My+ 2.651 KNm

Check for Depth Due to Moment

d= 39.584 mm
Check OK

Calculation of Area of Steel Required

Area Check Area Dia. Of bar Suggestted Provide

Calculated For Required Used Spacing Spacing
mm2 Min. Area mm2 mm mm mm
Astx- 115.62 NOT OK 150 8 335 150
Asty- 101.185 NOT OK 150 8 335 150
Astx+ 86.21 NOT OK 150 8 335 150
Asty+ 76.16 NOT OK 150 8 335 150
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 Structural Design Report

Minimum Area of Steel

Ast,min 150 mm2

Check for Shear Force

Maximum Shear Force = 14.13 KN/m

Nominal Shear Stress, Tv = 0.13 N/mm2
Pecent of Steel, p% = 0.135 %
Shear Strength of Concrete, Tc = 0.265 N/mm2
k= 1.3
Shear Strength in Slabs, Tc'= 0.344 N/mm2
Check OK

Check for Deflection

Steel Stresss of Service Loads, fs = 91.52 N/mm2

Modification Factors
α= 26 Type Value of α
β= 1 Cantilever 7
Simply
γ= 2 Supported 20
Continuous 26
Allowable Value = 52
Actual Value = 28.57

Check OK

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 Structural Design Report

6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The residential building to be constructed has been designed by meeting all the architectural and
structural requirements as envisaged by National Nepal Building Code and IS standards. The building has
been structurally analysed with computer program SAP2000v14 and correspondingly designed.

All the tensile, bending, compression and shear stresses on the buildings are well within the permissible
limits even under the most adverse combinations of different loads, including Earthquakes as per Nepal
Building Code.

Strict Control over quality of materials and workmanship is required for expected performance of
building in future. Hence, following shall be considered during construction works to obtain expected
results.

A. General:
a. All works to be carried out in accordance with current best practice, Building Regulations, the
project specification and relevant Nepal Building Code (NBC), Indian Standards and Codes of
Practice. Materials and components to be appropriate for their intended use.
b. The construction-works shall only be carried-out by trained mason with supervision of Engineer.
c. During construction, the contractor shall be responsible for maintaining the structure in a stable
condition and ensuring no part shall be damaged under construction activities.
d. Workmanship and materials are to be in accordance with the relevant current Standards
including all amendments and the local statutory authorities, except where varied by the contract
document.
e. All coarse aggregate used shall be crushed stone aggregate. The nominal size of coarse-
aggregate for RC bands and splints shall not exceed 12.5mm.
f. Clean sand, with minimum silt and free from clay and organic materials shall be used.
g. Ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 269:1976 shall be used for all cement works.
h. At least 48 hours’ notice shall be provided for all engineering inspections.

B. Structural:
1. Cast-In-Situ concrete/micro-concrete shall have minimum 28 days’ compressive cube strength of
20N/mm² for all structural members unless otherwise stated.
2. The concrete compressive strength shall be measured on 150*150*150mm cube at 28 days, for
various structural elements.
3. Reinforcing steel shall be TOR having minimum yield strength of 415N/mm². However, TMT rebar
with ultimate strain not less than 14.5% can also be used.
4. Cover to main reinforcing steel be in accordance with IS 456:1978 & as specified in the structural
drawings.
5. Clear Cover of Concrete shall not be less than that given below:
a. Concrete surface at soil = 50mm
b. Concrete on PCC, Bricks, STONE, etc = 25mm
6. Unless otherwise specified, all horizontal & vertical construction joints shall be roughened.
7. A minimum of 48 hours’ notice shall be given to the Engineer before applying plaster,
concrete/micro concrete is poured, in order that the formwork and/or reinforcement may be
inspected.

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 Structural Design Report

8. All R.C.C work shall be continuously cured for 14-days.

9. All cement plaster works shall be continuously cured for 7 days.
10. Any damage to surface during erection/construction is to be made good.

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