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Unit 4 - Site Planning

The document discusses site planning and provides information on several related topics. It defines site planning as arranging structures and spaces on land to be efficient, express the site's character, and provide attractive spaces. It discusses considerations for site circulation, built form, open spaces, and microclimate. It also provides details on planning for neighborhood parks, children's play areas, and campus development, including factors like accessibility, amenities, and usability.

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167 views

Unit 4 - Site Planning

The document discusses site planning and provides information on several related topics. It defines site planning as arranging structures and spaces on land to be efficient, express the site's character, and provide attractive spaces. It discusses considerations for site circulation, built form, open spaces, and microclimate. It also provides details on planning for neighborhood parks, children's play areas, and campus development, including factors like accessibility, amenities, and usability.

Uploaded by

vgdarch
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 4 – SITE PLANNING

• ORGANISATION OF SPACES
• CIRCULATION
• BUILT FORM & OPEN SPACES
• SITE PLANNING & MICRO CLIMATE
• SITE PLANNING FOR
• NEIGHBOURHOOD PARKS
• CHILDREN’S PLAY AREA
• CAMPUS DEVELOPMENT
SITE PLANNING
• WHAT IS SITE PLANNING?

- SITE PLANNING IS THE ORGANIZATON OF AN AREA OF


LAND TO FIT A PROGRAM FOR DEVELOPMENT, WHICH IS:
• EFFICIENT
• EXPRESSES THE CHARACTER OF THE SITE
• PROVIDES ATTRACTIVE SPACES TO USE.
SITE PLANNING

Definition

• Site planning is the art and science of arranging the structures on the land
and shaping the spaces between, an art of arranging uses of land linked to
architecture, engineering, landscape architecture and city planning.

- Kevin Lych, Gary Hack; Site Planning, MIT press, Cambridge 1996.

• Site plans locate objects and activities in SPACE and TIME. These plans
may concern a small cluster of houses, single building and its grounds, or
something as extensive as a small community built in a single operation.
SITE PLANNING

In site planning, as in other forms of problem-solving, the critical thinking


process of research, analysis and synthesis makes a major contribution to
the formation of design decisions.

•Research material may be gathered from existing projects, books


photographs, or experiments. A program is then formulated and the
elements required to develop the project is listed.

• Analysis of the site shall consider all existing features, both natural and
man-made in order to determine those inherent qualities that give a site its
‘personality’. A topographical analysis is mandatory. Emphasis should be made
on the site’s relationship with the total environment and its special values
or potentials .
SITE PLANNING
SITE PLANNING
SITE PLANNING
Site Design Elements
• Buildings
• Main buildings
• Service buildings
• Roads
• Private/ VIP
• Services
• Pedestrian walkways
• Access
• Cars
• Pedestrian
• Services
• Emergency
• Drop-off
• Transportation –public / private
• Parking
• Ground/ surface/ underground
• Handicapped
• Landscaping
• Softscape (trees, shrubs, etc.)
• Hardscape (pavements, gazebo, etc.)
• Furniture (benches, lighting, etc.)
SITE PLANNING

As an architect, you are going to


propose a marriage between the
site and the structure.

That is Site planning ….


SITE PLANNING
SITE ANALYSIS is a combination of an inventory and program.
SITE ANALYSIS involves the study of the site in terms of the following :
Natural factors :
1. Geology
2. Geomorphology – physiography, landforms, soils, drainage,
topography and slopes, and soil erosion
3. Hydrology – surface and ground water
4. Vegetation – plant ecology
5. Wildlife – habitats
6. Climate – solar orientation, wind, and humidity.

Cultural factors :
1. Existing land use – ownership of adjacent property, off-site nuisances
2. Traffic and transit – vehicular and pedestrian circulation on or adjacent to
site
3. Density and zoning – legal and regulatory controls
4. Socio-economic factors
5. Utilities – sanitary, storm-water, water supply, power supply, &
communications.
6. Historic factors – historic buildings, landmarks, and archeology
SITE PLANNING
SITE ANALYSIS involves the study of the site in terms of the following :

Aesthetic factors :
1. Natural features
2. Spatial patterns – spaces and sequences
3. Visual Resources – views and vistas
SITE PLANNING
SITE PLANNING
MICRO CLIMATE:

• Micro-climate is a local set of atmospheric conditions that is


different from its surrounding areas.

• As climate is a sum total of various atmospheric conditions,


the micro-climate of a place or region may differ due to various
reasons.
SITE PLANNING
MICRO CLIMATE:

EFFECT OF HEDGES/ STRUCTURES:

Side facing
the sun is
warmer i.e.
higher
Side away
temperature
from the sun
has lower
termperature
SITE PLANNING
MICRO CLIMATE:
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL FEATURES:

Waterbodies have a cooling effect on the


land.
The trees also shade the land.
Hence the land around the waterbody
and trees will be cooler.

EFFECT OF SURFACE:

Light surfaces like grass


reflect heat. Hence it is
cooler.

Dark surfaces like Tarmac


absorb heat. Hence it is
warmer.
SITE PLANNING
MICRO CLIMATE:

Urban heat island effect:

• An Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly


warmer than its surrounding rural areas, due to human activities.

• The main cause of UHI is from the modification of land surfaces. Secondary
contributor is the waste heat generated by energy usage.

• In addition to increase in temperatures, the UHI can cause:


• Alterations to local wind patterns
• Development of clouds and fog.
• Increase / decrease of humidity
• Increase/ decrease in the rates of precipitation.
SITE PLANNING
MICRO CLIMATE:
Urban heat island effect:
SITE PLANNING
For NEIGHBOURHOOD PARKS:

Neighbourhood parks and pocket parks are


parks that serve the needs of the
residents within their neighbourhood.

Typically, they range in size from 1000 sqm


to 5000 sqm.

They can accommodate all age groups.


SITE PLANNING
For NEIGHBOURHOOD PARKS:

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS:
• Encourage social interaction in the neighbourhood.
• Support and provide recreation and leisure activities.
• Ecological / environmental considerations
• Green cover/green belt design.
• Protection of environmental assets
• Support and/ or preserve local character.

SPATIAL LOCATION CONSIDERATIONS:


• All houses to have access to the neighbourhood parks within 400 m or
a 5 minute walk for a pocket park.
• Where appropriate, located the parks in distinctive parts of the
landscape, such as riparian corridors, hill tops, etc.
• Ensure that the walking and cycling corridors connect the park to the
broader open space network.
• Co-locate with other community facilites to enable dual use of the
space and multi-use destinations. Example: children’s play field and
equipments located next to a community hall.
SITE PLANNING
For NEIGHBOURHOOD PARKS:

TRANSPORT NETWORK AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

• Locate on the walking and cycling network.


• Provide safe access to the parks, such as lights and crossings.
• Enable recreational walking and cycling around the park, where size
and function permits.
• Ensure surrounding development overlooks open space.
• Maximise opportunities for children and youth to access and use the
parks, without the need of being accompanied by an adult.
SITE PLANNING
For NEIGHBOURHOOD PARKS:
SITE PLANNING
For NEIGHBOURHOOD PARKS:

AMENITIES:

• Provision of facilities like water feature, public art, natural landscape


features, trees and gardens, shade paths, areas for dogs, etc. – enhances
comfort and attractiveness of parks.
• Ensure that ancillary buldings are of a scale that maintains visual
dominance of the open space setting.
• Ensure parks are welcoming, attractive and well maintained.
• Reflect the character of the land and the neighbourhood by incorporating
features of the site.
• Provide appropriate irrigation and drainage of grassed areas.

USABILITY:

• Ensure location, shape, design and size of open space caters for the
intended use of the site for passive or active recreation.
• Provide different play spaces for children of different age groups.
• Provide for spaces of recreation for adults and senior citizens.
• Incorporate principles of barrier free access encourage inclusive design.
SITE PLANNING
For NEIGHBOURHOOD PARKS:

TO AVOID:

• Parks that are physically isolated as they may not be used properly.
• Parks located in the middle of main roads, that makes access to the parks
very difficult.
• Poorly maintained spaces in the parks.
• Plants and trees that have a lot of thorns, or are poisonous.
• Plants that are exotics and/ or are difficult to maintain.

THANK YOU….

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