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How Do Krashen's Hypotheses Apply To The SL/FL Classroom?: Communicative Competency

Krashen's hypotheses apply to the SL/FL classroom in the following ways: 1) Teachers should create a situation where language is used for authentic purposes to help students acquire the language through natural communication rather than just learning it. 2) Teachers must balance accuracy and fluency depending on student level and goals, known as communicative competency. 3) Teachers should introduce language concepts in an order that is easy for students to acquire, scaffolding to more difficult concepts. 4) Providing comprehensible input above student level, especially without exposure to the language outside class, helps acquisition. 5) Teachers must create a safe environment where students feel comfortable taking risks to prevent anxiety from blocking acquisition.

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338 views

How Do Krashen's Hypotheses Apply To The SL/FL Classroom?: Communicative Competency

Krashen's hypotheses apply to the SL/FL classroom in the following ways: 1) Teachers should create a situation where language is used for authentic purposes to help students acquire the language through natural communication rather than just learning it. 2) Teachers must balance accuracy and fluency depending on student level and goals, known as communicative competency. 3) Teachers should introduce language concepts in an order that is easy for students to acquire, scaffolding to more difficult concepts. 4) Providing comprehensible input above student level, especially without exposure to the language outside class, helps acquisition. 5) Teachers must create a safe environment where students feel comfortable taking risks to prevent anxiety from blocking acquisition.

Uploaded by

Awatif Auni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How do Krashen's Hypotheses apply to the SL/FL classroom?

Explanation of Hypothesis Application for Teaching

The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis According to this theory, the optimal way a


According to Krashen, there are two ways of developing language language is learned is through natural
ability. Acquisition involves the subconscious acceptance of communication. As a second language teacher,
knowledge where information is stored in the brain through the use the ideal is to create a situation wherein language
of communication; this is the process used for developing native is used in order to fulfill authentic purposes. This
languages. Learning, on the other hand, is the conscious is turn, will help students to ‘acquire’ the language
acceptance of knowledge ‘about’ a language (i.e. the grammar or instead of just ‘learning’ it.
form). Krashen states that this is often the product of formal
language instruction.

The Monitor hypothesis As an SL teacher it will always be a challenge to


This hypothesis further explains how acquisition and learning are strike a balance between encouraging accuracy
used; the acquisition system, initiates an utterance and the learning and fluency in your students. This balance will
system ‘monitors’ the utterance to inspect and correct errors. depend on numerous variables including the
Krashen states that monitoring can make some contribution to the language level of the students, the context of
accuracy of an utterance but its use should be limited. He suggests language use and the personal goals of each
that the ‘monitor’ can sometimes act as a barrier as it forces the student. This balance is also known
learner to slow down and focus more on accuracy as opposed to as Communicative competency.
fluency.

The Natural Order hypothesis According to this hypothesis, teachers should be


According to Krashen, learners acquire parts of language in a aware that certain structures of a language are
predictable order. For any given language, certain grammatical easier to acquire than others and therefore
structures are acquired early while others are acquired later in the language structures should be taught in an order
process. This hypothesis suggests that this natural order of that is conducive to learning. Teachers should
acquisition occurs independently of deliberate teaching and start by introducing language concepts that are
therefore teachers cannot change the order of a grammatical relatively easy for learners to acquire and then
teaching sequence. use scaffolding to introduce more difficult
concepts.

This hypothesis highlights the importance of using


The Input hypothesis the Target Language in the classroom. The goal
This hypothesis suggests that language acquisition occurs when of any language program is for learners to be able
learners receive messages that they can understand, a concept also to communicate effectively. By providing as much
known as comprehensible input. However, Krashen also suggests comprehensible input as possible, especially in
that this comprehensible input should be one step beyond the situations when learners are not exposed to the
learner’s current language ability, represented as i + 1, in order to TL outside of the classroom, the teacher is able to
allow learners to continue to progress with their language create a more effective opportunity for language
development. acquisition.

The Affective Filter hypothesis In any aspect of education it is always important to


According to Krashen one obstacle that manifests itself during create a safe, welcoming environment in which
language acquisition is the affective filter; that is a 'screen' that is students can learn. In language education this
influenced by emotional variables that can prevent learning. This may be especially important since in order to take
hypothetical filter does not impact acquisition directly but rather in and produce language, learners need to feel
prevents input from reaching the language acquisition part of the that they are able to make mistakes and take
brain. According to Krashen the affective filter can be prompted by risks. This relates to directly to Krashen’s
many different variables including anxiety, self-confidence, hypothesis of the affective filter. To learn more
motivation and stress. about creating a positive classroom environment,
click here.

It is important to involve reading in the language


The Reading Hypothesis classroom to increase knowledge of the language
This hypothesis basically states that the more we read in a SL the and the way it is used in real-life contexts.
greater our vocabulary will be.

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