1-0002-US

VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Systems, Symbols

A VOGEL centralized lubrication system Care taken during the installation, start-up The many years of experience we have had
performs the task of supplying individual and maintenance of the central lubrication in the field of central lubrication technology
lube points or groups of points with varying system will help to enhance the operating for machines and systems will help you solve
amounts of exactly metered lubricant from readiness and life of your machines. The the problems you encounter when planning
one central location to meet their different central lubrication system must be given the and using such installations.
needs. same attention as all the other sophisticated Centralized lubrication systems are classified
equipment on a machine. in accordance with their function and type of
Oil and grease of NLGI grades 000 to 3 are lubricant distribution.
used as the lubricant. We’ll be happy to advise you.

Overview of centralized lubrication systems (based on DIN 24271)

Types

Centralized lubrication systems

Circulating lubrication systems Total loss systems

Systems

Lubricant Lubricants

oil Restrictor systems oil

oil Single-line systems oil / grease

oil Dual-line systems oil / grease

oil Multi-line systems oil / grease

oil Progressive feeder systems oil / grease

Oil+air systems oil

VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Single-line total loss lubrication system

In total loss lubrication systems fresh lubri- Further expressions for total loss lubrication The metered quantities range from 0.01 to
cant (oil, grease or fluid grease) is constantly systems are customary in the literature and 1.5 ccm per lubrication pulse and lube point.
fed at certain intervals (depending on the in catalogs, e.g. The amount of lubricant to be fed to the
time or load) to the friction points during • terminating lubrication lube points can also be influenced with the
the lubrication cycle (contact time, pump • once-through lubrication number of lubrication pulses
runtime). (in DIN ISO 5170)
• fresh-oil lubrication An oil return line from the lube point to the oil
The quantity of lubricant is dimensioned so reservoir is not required on total loss lubrica-
that friction points are supplied with enough The centralized lubication units are manu- tion systems.
lubricant during the interval times to build up ally, mechanically, electrically, hydraulically
an adequate film of lubricant. or pneumatically actuated piston pumps or The basic layout of a single-line total loss
intermittently operated gear pumps. lubrication system is always the same:
In the course of time the lubricant is partially – pump, piston distributor,
used up as a result of ageing, evaporation, The lubricant is metered out by piston – main line
bleeding and leaks (total loss lubrication). distributors installed in the tubing system. (connection: pump – distributor),
Heat cannot be dissipated with this lube Exchangeable metering nipples on the – secondary line
method. distributors make it possible to supply every (connection: distributor – lube point).
lube point with the requisite amount of lubri-
cant per stroke or pump work cycle. Automatically operated systems also come
with control and monitoring units, pressure
switches, float switches, indicator lights.

Example of systems

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2 1-0002-US
VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Single-line total loss lubrication system

Gear pumps
Because of their electric drive, gear pumps
are especially well suited for automatic
systems with monitoring and safety equip-
ment; they can also be put to advantageous
use on remote control systems operated by
pushbutton.

Piston pumps
Piston pumps have a limited delivery volume
per stroke, as a result of which there are
limits on the metered quantities and size of
a system.
Piston pumps are used in the form of manu-
ally, mechanically, electrically, hydraulically or
pneumatically actuated pumps.

Piston distributors / metering units

Piston distributors (metering units, dosing
valve) meter out and distribute the oil deliv-
ered by the pump (e.g. oil or grease of NLGI
grades 000 or 00). The quantities of lubricant
for the individual lube points are determined
by exchangeable metering nipples. The metered
quantity is shown on the individual nipples.
Four groups of distributors that differ in
terms of metering ranges and sizes can be
chosen from to comply with the amounts
required and space available. A mixture of the
different distributor groups can be used in
one system.

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VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Circulating lubrication systems

After passing the friction point the lubricant Restrictor tubes Screw-in metering valves
is fed back to the lubricant reservoir so that it The oil is distributed and the flow split up by The oil is distributed via nonadjustable
can be used again. way of tubes with varying cross sections and restrictor cross sections.
lengths; the most symmetrical arrangement
Circulating lubrication systems are used possible should be provided for. Application:
everywhere it is necessary not only to reduce – 0.2 to 230 ccm
wear but also to carry off heat arising at the Pressure losses in the main line are kept low – pressure: 2 to 20 bars
friction point. all the way to the branch lines. – only monitoring of the main line possible
– microfilters required
In the field of centralized lubrication tech- Application: – easy to plan
nology it is possible to classify circulating – a few ccm up to several liters per lube – for installation at lube points or on
systems as follows: point manifolds
– The lubricant delivered by a pump is split – pressure: 2 to 20 bars – viscosity-dependent
up by hydraulic resistors (orifice tubes, – simple systems insensitive to dirt
adjustable metering valve distributors, – dependable
throttles) – only monitoring of the main line possible Flow monitor
– Volumetric apportioning of the output by – complicated planning of large systems Systems with throttles and flow monitors
flow limiters or progressive feeders – viscosity-dependent are used to monitor important (“critical”)
– Volumetric apportioning of the output by individual lube points where considerable
multicircuit pumps, e.g. multicircuit gear disruptions and damage can be expected
pumps or multicircuit piston pumps with Metering valve distributors from even a brief lubrication failure.
one pump each per lube point. The quantity of oil is divided up by metering
valve distributors and adjustable restrictor Throttles are used to divide up the delivered
valves. quantity of lubricant. The downstream flow
monitors should be installed as close as
Application: possible to or directly on the lube point
– 0 … 2000 ccm/min
– pressure: 2 to 10 bars Application:
– only monitoring of the main line possible – 50 ccm/min to 14 l/min
– microfilters required – pressure: 4 (6) to 30 bars
– easy to plan – monitoring of the main line and/or lube
– viscosity-dependent point via microswitches
– viscosity-dependent

Restrictor tubes example Metering valve distributor example Flow monitor example

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VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Circulating lubrication systems

Flow meter Flow limiter Multi-circuit pump

A pump feeds into a tubing network. A constant A pump feeds into the main line, from which Multicircuit pumps with separate delivery
pressure is maintained in the main line by the branch lines off to the flow limiters. circuits (gear pumps) feed constant amounts of
way of a pressure control valve or frequency lubricant to the lube points.
controlled pump. The quantity is allocated A largely constant partial quantity is fed
by way of adjustable restrictors. The amount through each flow limiter to the downstream They ensure an even distribution of oil, even
set is measured and monitored by gear-type loads (lube points). with varying back pressure.
flow indicators. This sum of partial quantities always has
to be smaller than the pump’s total delivery The pumps are self-priming or are fed by
Application: rate. a priming pump when high pressures are
– 0.05 to 40 l/min involved.
– pressure: 5 to 40 bars Application:
– mainly on paper machines – 0.1 l/min to 100 l/min Application:
– dependable, maintenance-free and flexible – pressure: 6 to 50 bars – 0.015 l/min to 1.2 l/min per outlet port
– bypass system – volumetric flow is independent of the – pressure: 20 to 80 bars
– service-friendly thanks to flushing port system pressure and also nearly viscosity- – 2 to 20 delivery circuits
upstream of the restrictor independent – easy to plan
– easy system planning – easy monitoring of functions
– effective monitoring of volumetric flow by – for hydrostatic systems
Progressive feeder means of a gear-type flow indicator with – no distributors required
The pump’s entire output is divides up into Hall sensor
partial amounts by a master feeder and the – optionally available in an ATEX version
secondary feeders connected to it. – nearly viscosity-independent

Application:
– a few ccm to 6 l/min Progressive feeder example
– pressure: 5 to 400 bars
– easy monitoring
– exact apportioning of output, even with
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Flow meter example Flow limiter example Multi-circuit pump example

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VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Hydrostatic lubrication

In the case of hydrostatic bearings the oil System b) One pump circuit per recess The total output of the multi-circuit pump
pressure conforming to the carrying force (multi-circuit pump system) and the requisite recess pressure per delivery
is produced in pumps outside the bearings, circuit, with due consideration given to the
the oil being fed under this pressure to the This system has a relatively good curve, permissible difference in pressure, deter-
recesses, from which it flows out through the and the costs are within a reasonable limits, mines the selection of this priming pump.
bearing gap. which is why this system is chosen most
often. The recess pressure can be kept within
Three systems with different characteristics the desired limits via the recess size, and a
are available: The lower the delivery rate per circuit the medium-viscosity oil should be striven for,
a) Restrictor system lower the oil viscosity, and the greater the with the exception of a few special tasks.
pump pressure the more the delivery rates of
b) One pump delivery circuit per recess the circuits differ from each other. In the case of bearing assemblies that are
(multi-circuit pump system) subject to great fluctuations in pressure
c) Diaphragm restictors The difference in pressure in a multi-circuit it is possible for the priming pressure to
pump can be limited by using a priming be adjusted to the respective pressure of
pump, which benefits the evenness of the oil a characteristic recess with the help of a
flow. proportioning pressure valve.

Oil+Air lubrication

Oil+air lubrication is minimal quantity metering. Oil+Air lubrication

A drop of oil is pulled apart in streaks by a <XgX]V
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current of air in a narrow tube. It is then
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transported in the direction of the lube point.
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The bearing is continuously supplied with fine
droplets of oil from the outlet nozzle.
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of oil.
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demands are made on defined lubrication:
assurance of high efficiency with low wear =^ii[T
and long service life, especially in the case of
tool spindles.

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VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Minimal quantity metering systems

for the metering of small quantities of lubricant

Minimal quantity metering systems for the Compact greaser

– lubrication of tools, Electrically operated micropump with 2 or
– oiling of joined parts, 5 outlet ports and an exchangeable grease
– spraying or wetting of surfaces, cartridge with an 80 ccm capacity, for grease
– lubrication of chains, belonging to NLGI classes 000 to 2.
– relubrication of linear guides and rolling
bearings.

These systems are an ideal, low-cost alter-

native when no centralized lubrication system
is available. Magnetic piston pump
They are distinguished by low maintenance Positive displacement pump with 2, 4 or 6
and operating costs. outlet ports actuated by solenoid actuator.

Injection oiler
Pneumatically actuated positive displace-
ment pump with adjustable volume from
0 to 30 mm3, for oil and grease up to NLGI
grade 2.

Regreasing cartridge ETPC1

Electrothermal pump compact (ETPC) for
spindle bearings.

Compact design for easy integration in the

spindle.

– Grease cartridge 2.5 ccm

– Metering volume 6 mm3 / stroke
– Suitable for grease, NLGI grade 2

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VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Pressure curves in the main lines of central lubrication systems to DIN24271

Single-line system with single-line prelubrication

distributor
Due to the lubricant pressure resulting from the pressure build-up in
3 the main line, a metered quantity of lubricant is briefly fed (directly)
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0 2 from the single-line prelubrication distributor to the lube point after

1 overcoming the resistance that can occur all the way to the friction
point. When the pressure of the system’s safety valve is reached, the
pressure does not continue to rise while the pump is still running. The
pressure-relief time (B) begins when the pump stops. During the
pressure-relief time (B) the pressure in the main line is reduced to a
CX\T residual pressure with the help of a pressure-relief valve, a metered
amount of lubricant for the next lubrication cycle being readied in the
single-line distributor by spring force. The interval at which one lubri-
cation cycle follows the next is determined by the interval time (C),
which can be preselected with, for example, the help of a timer.

A = Lubrication cycle time

B = Pressure-relief time
C = Interval time B≤C
D = Work cycle time A+C=D

Single-line system with single-line relubrication

distributor
When the pump is running, a metered amount of lubricant is readied
3 in the single-line relubrication distributor, this quantity subsequently
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0 being passed on (indirectly) to the lube point by the force of a pres-

2
sure spring in the distributor when the pressure-relief time (B) com-
1
mences. The discharge of lubricant to the lube point takes a while,
depending on the resistance encountered up to the friction point.

A = Lubrication cycle time

B = Pressure-relief time
CX\T C = Interval time B≤C
D = Work cycle time A≤D

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VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Pressure curves in the main lines of central lubrication systems to DIN24271

Dual-line system
The lube points of a dual-line system are divided up into two groups,
one of them being fed with lubricant during partial lubrication cycle
3 A1, the other during partial lubrication cycle A2.
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A dual-line distributor is connected to two main lines, feeding a lube
1
point of the first group via the first secondary line and a lube point of
the second group via the second secondary line.
The pump only runs during partial lubrication time A1 or A2 and is
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stopped, for example, by a pressure switch. The redirection of the flow
of lubricant to the other respective main line is done with a reversing
valve.
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The respective main line is relieved of pressure to a certain extent
during partial interval times C1 or C2. It is possible for the cycles in
the two main lines to overlap. In extreme cases cycle A2 can follow
directly on cycle A1.

A = Lubrication cycle time B1 = Pressure-relief time C≤ 0

C = Interval time B2 = Pressure-relief time C = C1+C2
D = Work cycle time C1 = Partial interval time A = A1+A2
A1 = Partial lubrication C2 = Partial interval time A +C = D
cycle time
A2 = Partial lubrication cycle time

Progressive feeder system

The lubrication cycle time (A) in a progressive feeder system is identi-
cal with the pump running time and is limited by the fact that all the
lube points of a system must be supplied at least once with the speci-
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3 fied amount of lubricant. The pressure in the main and secondary

0 2 lines is relieved to a certain extent during the interval time.

A = Lubrication cycle time

C = Interval time
D = Work cycle time A+C=D
CX\T

Metering valve system and multi-line system

As long as the pump is running, all the lube points of a system are
supplied more or less continuously with lubricant.
The running time of the pump is called the lubrication time.
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3
The lubrication time and interval time are combined to form a work
4 2
cycle. It is, however, only sensible to speak of a work cycle when the
central lubrication system is started and stopped several times in the
course of a workday (or shift), e.g. by a timer. Otherwise, continuous
operation is involved.

CX\T C = Interval time

D = Work cycle time
E = Lubrication time

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VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Viscosity/temperature relationship of oils with different basic viscosities

!  The curves are based on a viscosity index of VI ~ 95, which roughly
#  corresponds to customary mineral oil. The viscosity index describes the
  slope of the curve and thus the viscosity/temperature ratio at tempera-
& tures other than +40 °C.
$  The curves appear to be straight lines because a logarithmic scale was
# chosen for the ordinates. It is therefore easy to determine the slope of the
" curves with the help of 2 measuring points.
!  Viscosity class *)
ISO VG oil classification
$
3, 10 .......... spindle oils
 32, 100 ..... standard machine oils
& 320 ............ medium-heavy machine oils
1000 .......... gear oils, etc.
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*) The values correspond to the mid-point viscosity
# at 40 °C in mm2/s
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Please note: the change in the viscosity of oil is incomparably greater at +80 °C = 18 mm2/s at +10 °C = 875 mm2/s
at lower temperatures than in higher temperature ranges. For example, vs.
there are the following changes in viscosity for an oil with a rated vis- at +75 °C = 21 mm2/s at + 5 °C = 1450 mm2/s
cosity of 100 in different temperature ranges at the same temperature change of 3 mm2/s change of 575 mm2/s
difference:

10 1-0002-US
VOGEL Centralized Lubrication Systems

Graphic symbols for the representation

of central lubrication systems in technical drawings
(Excerpt of examples from our production program. Further symbols can be found on the Internet at: www.vogelag.com)

General Distributors

Lube point Piston distributor

This where lubricant is fed to the friction point.
(single-line distributor)
Example: 353-… (3-way) ! "

See brochure 1-5001-US

Pumps

Piston pump, pneumatically actuated,

Metering valve distributor, adjustable
with oil reservoir
Example: 242-034.00 (3-way)
Example: POEP-15-1.0W
See brochure 1-5006-US "
See brochure 1-1111-US ?

6
Progressive feeder & ggC '

Example: VPM-4 (8-way) ggC %

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Piston pump, pneumatically actuated, !

with grease reservoir ;

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Example: PFP-23-2
See brochure 1-0107-4-US ?

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Valves, switches

Safety valve, adjustable

! " # $
Multi-circuit gear pump unit Example: WVN200-10E25
with oil reservoir See brochure 1-0103-US
Example: ZM505-BW51 <
See brochure 1-1204-US

Gear pump unit Pressure relief valve

with oil reservoir Example: 202-275-2
Example: MFE5 ? C
See brochure 1-0103-US
See brochure
1-1202-US

Pressure switch
Example: DS-W20
< See brochure 1-1701-US

Float switch
Example: WS33-2
Plaese note! See brochure 1-1702-US
The symbols shown were taken from DIN ISO 1219 and DIN 24271 or were
composed using the basic symbols shown there.

1-0002-US 11
Order No. 1-0002-US
Subject to change without notice! (03/2009)

The contents of this publication are the copyright of the publisher and may
not be reproduced (even extracts) unless permission is granted. Every care
has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this
publication but no liability can be accepted for any loss or damage whether
direct, indirect or consequential arising out of use of the information con-
tained herein.

All products from VOGEL may be used only for their intended purpose. If
operating instructions are supplied together with the products, the provisions
and information therein of specific relevance to the equipment must be
observed as well.

In particular, we call your attention to the fact that hazardous materials of

any kind, especially the materials classified as hazardous by EC Directive
67/548/EEC, Article 2, Par. 2, may only be filled into VOGEL centralized
lubrication systems and components and delivered and/or distributed with
the same after consultation with and written approval from VOGEL.

All products manufactured by VOGEL are not approved for use in conjunction
with gases, liquefied gases, pressurized gases in solution and fluids with a
vapor pressure exceeding normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbars) by
more than 0.5 bar at their maximum permissible temperature.

Competence center for industrial applications This brochure was presented by:

Willy Vogel Aktiengesellschaft

SKF Lubrication Solutions
Motzener Strasse 35/37 · 12277 Berlin · Germany
PF 970444 · 12704 Berlin · Germany
Tel. +49 (0)30 72002-0 · Fax +49 (0)30 72002-111
[email protected] · www.vogelag.com

© SKF Group 2009

® SKF and VOGEL are registered trademarks of the SKF Group.