Scribd
Upload
103 views

Controlled Flight Into Terrain

In the late 1960s, hundreds of lives were lost in controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents where properly functioning aircraft under qualified crews flew into obstacles without awareness. Studies in the early 1970s found that many such accidents could have been prevented with a ground proximity warning system (GPWS). As a result, the FAA required large aircraft to install GPWS in 1974, and ICAO made a similar recommendation in 1979. The Canadian engineer C. Donald Bateman is credited with inventing the GPWS. In 2000, the FAA required turbine aircraft with six or more passenger seats be equipped with an approved terrain awareness and warning system.

Uploaded by

Girish Sreeneebus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
103 views

Controlled Flight Into Terrain

In the late 1960s, hundreds of lives were lost in controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents where properly functioning aircraft under qualified crews flew into obstacles without awareness. Studies in the early 1970s found that many such accidents could have been prevented with a ground proximity warning system (GPWS). As a result, the FAA required large aircraft to install GPWS in 1974, and ICAO made a similar recommendation in 1979. The Canadian engineer C. Donald Bateman is credited with inventing the GPWS. In 2000, the FAA required turbine aircraft with six or more passenger seats be equipped with an approved terrain awareness and warning system.

Uploaded by

Girish Sreeneebus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

In the late 1960s, a series of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents took the lives of

hundreds of people. A CFIT accident is one where a properly functioning airplane under the
control of a fully qualified and certified crew is flown into terrain, water or obstacles with no
apparent awareness on the part of the crew.[3]
Beginning in the early 1970s, a number of studies examined the occurrence of CFIT
accidents.[3] Findings from these studies indicated that many such accidents could have been
avoided if a warning device called a ground proximity warning system (GPWS) had been used.
As a result of these studies and recommendations from the U.S. National Transportation Safety
Board (NTSB), in 1974 the FAA required all large turbine and turbojet airplanes to install TSO-
approved GPWS equipment.[3][4]
The UN International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO), recommended the installation of GPWS
in 1979.[5]
C. Donald Bateman, a Canadian-born engineer, developed and is credited with the invention of
GPWS.[6]
In March 2000, the U.S. FAA amended operating rules to require that all U.S. registered turbine-
powered airplanes with six or more passenger seats (exclusive of pilot and copilot seating) be
equipped with an FAA-approved TAWS.[3] The mandate affects aircraft manufactured after March
29, 2002.[7]

You might also like