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CE7640 - Assignment 1

This document outlines 10 problems involving tensor calculus and vector operations: 1) Simplify expressions involving Kronecker delta and permutation symbols 2) Expand the expression aij bij 3) Expand and possibly simplify the expression Dij xi xj 4) Compute properties of two vectors including norm, angle, area, and cross product 5) Use permutation symbols to show that δij εijk ek = 0 6) Show relations for operations involving tensors and vectors 7) Verify identities involving gradients, divergences, and curls using index notation 8) Find spherical and deviatoric parts of a tensor and its eigenvalues and eigenvectors 9) Express spherical coordinate basis in terms of

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Amit Kumar
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54 views

CE7640 - Assignment 1

This document outlines 10 problems involving tensor calculus and vector operations: 1) Simplify expressions involving Kronecker delta and permutation symbols 2) Expand the expression aij bij 3) Expand and possibly simplify the expression Dij xi xj 4) Compute properties of two vectors including norm, angle, area, and cross product 5) Use permutation symbols to show that δij εijk ek = 0 6) Show relations for operations involving tensors and vectors 7) Verify identities involving gradients, divergences, and curls using index notation 8) Find spherical and deviatoric parts of a tensor and its eigenvalues and eigenvectors 9) Express spherical coordinate basis in terms of

Uploaded by

Amit Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE7640 – Assignment 1

1. Simplify the following:


a. 𝛿𝑖𝑖 b. 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝛿𝑖𝑗 c. 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝑎𝑖 d. 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝑎𝑗𝑘 e. 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝛿𝑗𝑘 𝛿𝑖𝑘
f. ε𝑘𝑘𝑖 g. 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑘 h. 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑘 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑘

where 𝛿𝑖𝑗 is Kronecker delta and 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑘 is the permutation symbol.

2. Expand 𝑎𝑖𝑗 𝑏𝑖𝑗

3. Expand 𝐷𝑖𝑗 𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑗 . If possible, simplify this expression: 𝐷𝑖𝑗 𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑗


When a. 𝐷𝑖𝑗 = 𝐷𝑗𝑖 b. 𝐷𝑖𝑗 = −𝐷𝑗𝑖

4. Consider two vectors 𝑎 = 2𝑒1 + 4𝑒2 + 5𝑒3 and 𝑏 = 𝑒1 + 3𝑒2 , where {𝑒𝑖 } are orthonormal
cartesian basis vectors. For these vectors compute:
a. Norm of 𝑎 and 𝑏
b. The angle between vectors 𝑎 and 𝑏
c. The area of the parallelogram bounded by vectors 𝑎 and 𝑏
d. 𝑏 × 𝑎
e. The component of vector 𝑎 in the direction of 𝑧 = 𝑒1 + 𝑒2

5. Establish the following 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑘 𝑇𝑗𝑘 𝑒𝑖 = 𝑇23 − 𝑇32 𝑒1 + 𝑇31 − 𝑇13 𝑒2 + 𝑇12 − 𝑇21 𝑒3 and use
this to show that 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑘 𝑒𝑘 = 0. Here, {𝑒𝑖 } denote the orthonormal cartesian basis, 𝛿𝑖𝑗 the
Kronecker delta and 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑘 is the permutation symbol.

6. Let 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤, 𝑥 be arbitrary vectors and 𝐴 be an arbitrary tensor. Show that,


a. 𝑢 ⊗ 𝑣 𝑤 ⊗ 𝑥 = (𝑣. 𝑤)(𝑢 ⊗ 𝑥)
b. 𝐴 𝑢 ⊗ 𝑣 = 𝐴𝑢 ⊗ 𝑣
c. (𝑢 ⊗ 𝑣)𝐴 = 𝑢 ⊗ (𝐴𝑇 𝑣)

7. Let 𝜑, 𝑢 and 𝑇 be differentiable scalar, vector and tensor fields. Using index notation verify
the following for cartesian coordinate system:
a. 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜑𝑢 = 𝑢 ⊗ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜑 + 𝜑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑢
𝑢 1 1
b. 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜑
= 𝜑 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑢 − 𝜑 2 𝑢. 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜑
c. 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜑𝑇 = 𝑇 𝑇 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜑 + 𝜑 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑇
d. 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜑 = 0
𝑇
e. 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑢. 𝑢 = 2 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑢 𝑢
f. 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑇 𝑇 𝑢 = 𝑇. 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑢 + 𝑢. 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑇)
8. The matrix components of a tensor 𝐴 when represented using cartesian coordinate basis are
1 1 1
𝐴= 1 1 1
1 1 1
For this tensor find the following:
a. The spherical and deviatoric parts of 𝐴
b. The eigenvalues of 𝐴
c. The eigenvectors of 𝐴

9. Let (𝑟, 𝜙, 𝜃) denote the spherical coordinates of a typical point related to the cartesian
coordinates (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) through 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙 , 𝑦 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜙 , 𝑧 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃. Then express:
a. The spherical coordinate basis in terms of the cartesian basis
b. 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑(𝛼) and 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜈 in terms of spherical coordinates.

10. If 𝐴 is an invertible tensor, then it can be decomposed uniquely as 𝐴 = 𝑅𝑈 = 𝑉𝑅, where 𝑅


is an orthogonal tensor and 𝑈, 𝑉 are positive definite symmetric tensors. Show that
𝐴𝐴𝑇 = 𝑉 2 and 𝐴𝑇 𝐴 = 𝑈 2 . Using these results, prove that the eigenvalues of 𝐴𝑇 𝐴 and 𝐴𝐴𝑇
are the same and their eigenvectors are related as 𝑝𝑖 = 𝑅𝑞𝑖 , where 𝑝𝑖 are the eigenvectors
of 𝐴𝐴𝑇 and 𝑞𝑖 are the eigenvectors of 𝐴𝑇 𝐴.

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