Tæng hîp KiÕn thøc tiÕng anh THCS

A - Tenses ( C¸c th× )

I. Th× hiÖn t¹i ®¬n gi¶n ( The present simple )
1. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng lÆp ®i lËp l¹i chë thµnh thãi quen.
DiÔn t¶ mét sù thËt hiÓn nhiªn.
2. H×nh thøc cña ®éng tõ
a. §éng tõ ( To be ): Th×, lµ, ë: Cã 3 d¹ng: am, is, are
( + ) I - am ( - ) I am not ( ? ) Are you…..?
+ Yes, I am
+ No, I am not

( + ) She - is ( - ) She is not/isn't ( ? ) Is she…….?

He - is + Yes, she is
It - is + No, she isn't
1 tªn riªng ( Lan ) - is

( + ) You - are ( - ) You are not/aren't ( ? ) Are you/they…..?

We - are + Yes, they are
They - are + No, they aren't
2 tªn riªng - are

VD1: ( + ) I am a student.
( - ) I am not a student
( ? ) Are you a student?
+ Yes, I am
+ No, I am not
VD2: ( +) She is a student.
( - )She isn't a student
( ? ) Is she a student?
+ Yes, she is
+ No, she isn't
VD3: Lan is a student.

VD4: ( + ) They are students.

( - ) They aren't students
( ? ) Are they student?
+ Yes, they are
+ No, they aren't
b. §éng tõ thêng ( V )
S + V- nguyªn víi S: I, You, We, They, 2
tªn riªng
VD: I play soccer
They play soccer
Huy and Hung play soccer
S + V-s/es víi S: She, He, It, 1 tªn riªng
VD: She plays soccer.
He gets up at 6.
* C¸c ®éng tõ kÕt thóc b»ng o, x, ch, sh, z ta ph¶i thªm "es" ®èi víi
c¸c ng«i sè Ýt.
VD: go => goes : §i She goes to school every
day.
do => does : Lµm
watch => watches: Xem He always watches TV.
wash => washes: Röa, géi….
3. C¸c tr¹ng tõ ®i kÌm:
- 5 tr¹ng tõ chØ tÇn xuÊt:
+ Always: Lu«n lu«n
+ Usually: Lu«n
+ Opfen: Thêng
+ Sometimes: thØnh tho¶ng
+ Never: Kh«ng bao giê
- Frequently: Thêng
- Constantly: ThØnh tho¶ng
- Occasionally: ThØnh tho¶ng
- Seldom. Rarely: HiÕm
- Every day/ week/month/year..: H»ng….
II- Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn ( The present continuos tense )
1.DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra t¹i thêi ®iÓm nãi
2. H×nh thøc cña ®éng tõ:
S + be + V-ing Be: am, is, are
Vd: I am doing my home work.
Lan is skipping.
- ThÓ phñ ®Þnh: Thªm "not" vµo sau ®éng tõ "to be".
Vd: I am not doing my home work.
- ThÓ nghi vÊn: §¶o ®éng tõ "to be" lªn ®Çu c©u.
3. C¸c tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian:
- Now: b©y giê
- At the moment
- At present
* Quy t¾c thªm ®u«i "-ing".
- NÕu tËn cïng cña ®éng tõ lµ "e" ta bá "e" tríc khi thªm ®u«i "-
ing".
Vd: come => coming
- NÕu ®éng tõ cã 1 ®Õn 2 ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc lµ mét nguyªn ©m, ë
gi÷a lµ hai phô ©m, träng ©m r¬i vµo hai ©m tiÕt cuèi th× ta
nh©n ®«i phô ©m cuèi. " + ing".
Vd: begin => beginning
- NÕu ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng lµ mét phô ©m, tríc ®ã lµ mét nguyªn
©m duy nhÊt=> gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi tríc khi thªm ®u«i " ing "
Vd: run => running

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* Ta kh«ng dïng th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn víi c¸c ®éng tõ chØ c¶m gi¸c,
tri gi¸c, nhËn thøc nh:
- To be: th×, lµ, ë
- see: nh×n
- hear: nghe
- understand: hiÓu
- know: biÕt
- like: thÝch
- want: muèn
- feel: c¶m thÊy
- smell: ngöi
- love: yªu
- hate: ghÐt
- seem: dêng nh
- remember: nhí
- forget: quªn
- beliver: tin tëng….
III - Th× t¬ng lai gÇn ( near future ) ( Th× t¬ng lai dù ®Þnh )
( Going to )
1. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ch¾c ch¾n sÏ xÈy ra trong t¬ng lai
2. H×nh thøc ®éng tõ:
S + Be (am, is, are ) + going to + V-nguyªn
Vd1: I'm going to buy a big hous next year.
Vd2: She is going to do the home work tonight.
3. C¸c tr¹ng tõ:
- tonight: tèi nay
- tomorrow: ngµy mai
- Some day: vµi ngµy n÷a
- Soon: ch¼ng bao l©u n÷a
- Next: tíi
IV. Th× t¬ng lai ®¬n: (The simple future)
1. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng sÏ x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai (kh«ng ch¾c ch¾n
b»ng th× t¬ng lai gÇn)
2. From:
S + Will + V - nguyªn
3. Advs:( Dïng nh c¸c tr¹ng tõ cña th× t¬ng lai gÇn )
- tonight: tèi nay
- tomorrow: ngµy mai
- Some day: vµi ngµy n÷a
- Soon: ch¼ng bao l©u n÷a
- Next: tíi
* Th× t¬ng lai ®¬n cßn ®îc dïng ®Ó nãi lªn lêi mêi, lêi høa, hoÆc
lêi yªu cÇu trong c¸c ng÷ c¶nh kh¸c nhau.
Vd: I will be here in some minutes.
V. Th× qu¸ khø ®¬n: (The simple past)
1. Usage:

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DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ hoµn tÊt trong qu¸ khø.
2. From:
a. to be: cã 2 d¹ng was/ were
S: she, he, it, 1 tªn riªng + was
S: You, We, They, 2 tªn riªng + were
b. §éng tõ thêng
+ §éng tõ cã quy t¾c:
S + V-ed
Vd: Lan watched T.V last night.

+ §éng tõ bÊt quy t¾c:

S + V(cét 2)
Vd: Yesterday, they went to Ha Noi.
3. Adv:
- yesterday: h«m qua
- last: ®· qua
+ last night: tèi qua
+ last week: tuÇn tríc
+ last month: th¸ng tríc
+ last year: n¨m ngo¸i
+ last Sunday: chñ nhËt tríc
- ago: tríc ®©y
- in + mèc thêi gian trong qu¸ khø ( in 1998 )
* Quy t¾c thªm "ed".
- C¸c ®éng tõ kÕt thóc b»ng "e" chØ thªm "d"
Vd: die => died: chÕt
- C¸c ®éng tõ kÕt thóc b»ng 1 phô ©m tríc ®ã lµ 1 nguyªn ©m duy
nhÊt => gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi => "ed"
Vd:Stop => Stoped: dõng l¹i
- NÕu ®éng tõ tËn cïng lµ "y" tríc ®ã lµ phô ©m "y" => "i" + "ed"
Vd: study => studied: häc
- §éng tõ cã 2 ©m tiÕt, tËn cïng lµ mét nguyªn ©m ë gi÷a.
Vd: Permit => permitted: Cho phÐp, thõa nhËn.
2 phô ©m => gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi + "ed".
- NÕu ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng "l" tríc ®ã lµ 1 nguyªn ©m ®¬n gÊp ®«i
"l" + "ed".
Vd: Travell => travelled.
* C¸ch ph¸t ©m:
+ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng lµ ©m (t) vµ (d) khi thªm "ed" =>
®äc (id)
Vd: Divie (di ' vaid) => divided (id).
+ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng lµ ©m k, p, f, s, j, tj ®äc lµ (t).
Vd: laught => laughted
- Ngoµi hai trêng hîp trªn, c¸c ®éng tõ cã quy t¾c cßn l¹i ®äc lµ (d).
Vd: Play => Played (d).
VI. Th× qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn ( the past continous ):

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1. Usage:
- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh
trong qu¸ khø.
Vd: I was doing my home work at 6.pm last Sunday.
- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ kÐ dµi trong mét kho¶ng thêi
gian trong qu¸ khø.
Vd: Yesterday, Mr Huy was working in the office all the afternoon.
- Hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø th× cã mét hµnh ®éng
kh¸c xen vµo.
Vd:Yesterday, when I came he was sleeping
+ When = as: Khi
+ While: trong khi
Vd: Yesterday,while he was sleeping I came
- Hai hµnh ®éng x¶y ra song song cïng mét lóc ë qu¸ khø.
+ While: trong khi
Vd: Yesterday,while he was sleeping I came
* Kh«ng dïng ®èi víi c¸c ®éng tõ chØ nhËn thøc, tri gi¸c thay vµo
®ã dïng th× qu¸ khø ®¬n.
- to be: th×, lµ, ë
- see: nh×n
- hear: nghe
- understand: hiÓu
- know: biÕt
- like: thÝch
- want: muèn
- feel: c¶m thÊy
- smell: ngöi
- love: yªu
- hate: ghÐt
- seem: dêng nh
- remember: nhí
- forget: quªn
- beliver: tin tëng….

2. From:
S + Was (Were) + V-ing
3. Adv: Dïng víi c¸c tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian cña th× qu¸ khø ®¬n
céng thªm phÇn thêi gian x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.
- yesterday: h«m qua Vd: at 7 p.m last night
- last: ®· qua
+ last night: tèi qua
+ last week: tuÇn tríc
+ last month: th¸ng tríc
+ last year: n¨m ngo¸i
+ last Sunday: chñ nhËt tríc
- ago: tríc ®©y
- in + mèc thêi gian trong qu¸ khø ( in 1998 )

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VII. Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh: (The present perfect)
1. Usage:
- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng võa míi x¶y ra vµ kÕt thóc so víi thêi ®iÓm
nãi.
Vd: I have just finished my homework.
- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu tõ trong qu¸ khø, nhng cßn kÐo dµ
®Õn hiÖn t¹i vµ cã kh¶ n¨ng tiÕp tôc kÐo dµi ®Õn t¬ng lai.
Vd: I have studied English for 5 years.
- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng lÆp ®i, lÆp l¹i nhiÒu lÇn trong qu¸ khø.
Dïng víi: several times: vµi lÇn
Two/ three… times: hai, ba lÇn…
Vd: I have read this book three times.
2. From:
S + have/ has + V- cét 3/ V-ed
S: I, you, we, they, sè nhiÒu + have
S: she, he, it, sè Ýt + has
3. Adv:
- just, recently, lately: võa míi
- ever: ®· tõng
- never: cha tõng
- already: råi
- yet: cha
- since: tõ khi (+ thêi ®iÓm vd: 2001 )
- for: kho¶ng ( + thêi gian vd: 3 years )
- so far = until now = up to now = up to the present:cho ®Õn b©y
giê.
VII- Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn
1. Usage:
- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu diÔn ra trong qu¸ khø vÉn ®ang
tiÕp tôc ë hiÖn t¹i vµ cßn cã thÓ kÐo dµi tíi t¬ng lai.
2. Form:
S + Have/ Has + been + V-ing
3 Advs: Dïng nh c¸c tr¹ng tõ cña th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh nhng nhÊn
m¹nh vÒ thêi gian thùc hiÖn hµnh ®éng.
VD: I have been learning English for 5 years.

Structures: c¸c cÊu tróc

To -V

1. Sau tÝnh tõ (hÇu hÕt) + To V.

Vd: She is happy to live here.
2. Cã c¬ héi ®Ó lµm g×. (môc ®Ých).
Have a chance + to V
3. Sau c¸c ®éng tõ V + to V
V : Gåm c¸c ®éng tõ sau:

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- Intent: cã ý ®Þnh
- want: muèn
- like: thÝch
- love: yªu
- seem: dêng nh
-…..
Vd: Huy wants to watch T.V

V-ing
1.Sau giíi tõ hoÆc côm giíi tõ + V-ing: in, on, at, of,…..
Vd: I am interested in leaning English.
2. Sau c¸c ®éng tõ + V-ing
V: gåm c¸c ®éng tõ sau:
- enjoy: thÝch
- like: thÝch
- stop: dõng l¹i
- finish: kÕt thóc
- start: b¾t ®Çu
-……
Vd: Minh enjoys playing tennis.
V- nguyªn
1. Sau c¸c ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu ( ®éng tõ ®Æc biÖt )
§éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu: can, may, must, will, woud, should, have to…
+ V-nguyªn.
Vd: I can swim
2. CÊu tróc: Let's + V-nguyªn
Vd: Let's go swimming
Why don't you/we + V-nguyªn
Vd: Why don't you go swimming.
VI - C¸c cÊu tróc theo tõng ®¬n vÞ bµi häc
tõ
líp 6 ®Õn líp 9
Kh¸i niÖm tõ lo¹i trong TiÕng Anh:
1. Danh tõ : Lµ c¸c tõ chØ sù vËt, sù viÖc, chØ tªn riªng
Vd: c¸i nhµ ( house ), Lan, giã…..
2. §éng tõ: Lµ c¸c tõ chØ hµnh ®éng, ho¹t ®éng cña ngêi vµ
vËt.
Vd: §i ( go ) ch¬i ( play ), thæi ( flow )….
3. TÝnh tõ: Lµ c¸c tõ chØ mµu s¾c, chØ tÝnh chÊt cña sù
vËt, sù viÖc.
Vd: mµu ®á ( red ), xinh ®Ñp ( beautyfull ), ®¾t ®á
( expensive )….
4. Tr¹ng tõ: Lµ c¸c tõ chØ møc ®é cña hµnh ®éng ( c¸c tr¹ng
tõ chØ tÇn xuÊt ), c¸c tõ chØ n¬i chèn, chØ thêi gian.
Vd: always, Lang S¬n, two months….
Líp 6:
1.There….: Cã…..

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- There is a + dt sè Ýt Vd: There is a pen on the table.
- There are + dt sè nhiÒu Vd: There are pens on the table.
2. This/ that/ these/ those: §©y lµ../ Kia lµ…
- This/ that is a + dt sè Ýt: §©y/ kia lµ mét…. Vd: This is a pen
- These/ those are + dt sè nhiÒu: §©y/ kia lµ nh÷ng….. Vd: These
are pens.
3. C¸c tõ ®Ó hái ( Question words )
- What: C¸i g×/ g×?
- When : ë ®©u? ( C©u hái vÒ ®Þa ®iÓm )
- Where: Khi nµo? ( C©u hái vÒ thêi gian )
- Who: ai?
- How: bao nhiªu/ nh thÕ nµo?
- Which: C¸i nµo? ( c©u hái lùa chän )
- Why : T¹i sao? ( C©u hái lý do- tr¶ lêi b¾t ®Çu b»ng Because…)
4. §¹i tõ nh©n xng, tÝnh tõ së h÷u, ®¹i tõ së h÷u.
- §¹i tõ nh©n xng: Lµ nh÷ng tõ ®ãng vai trß lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u
( xng danh ).
Vd: I , Lan….
- TÝnh tõ së h÷u: Lµ c¸c tõ dïng ®Ó nãi së h÷u vËt ®ã cña ai. Th-
êng ®øng tríc danh tõ.
Vd: Her book
- §¹i tõ së h÷u: Lµ c¸c tõ dïng ®Ó nãi vËt thuéc quyÒn së h÷u cña
ai nhng thêng kh«ng ®i víi danh tõ ®øng tríc mµ dïng Èn danh tõ.
Vd: This is her hat and that is mine ( My hat ).

§¹i tõ nh©n x- TÝnh tõ së h÷u §¹i tõ së

ng h÷u
I: T«i My: Cña t«i Mine
You: B¹n Your: Cña b¹n Yours
We: Chóng Our: Cña chóng Ours
t«i/ta t«i/ta
They: Hä Their: Cña hä Theirs
She: C« Êy Her: Cña c«/bµ Êy Hers
He: Anh Êy His: Cña cËu/anh His
Êy
It: Nã Its: Cña nã its
Tªn riªng: Lan Lan's: Cña Lan
5. C¸c c¸ch chµo th«ng thêng.
- Hi / hello
- Good morning: Chµo buæi s¸ng
- Good afternooon: Chµo buæi chiÒu
- Good evening: Chµo buæi tèi
- Good night: Chóc ngñ ngon
- Good bye/ Bye: Chµo t¹m biÖt.
6. C¸ch hái vÒ thêi gian ( Time ).
* C¸ch hái giê: What time is it?

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- Víi giê ch½n: It is + giê + o' clock
Vd: It is six o'clock.
- Víi giê lÎ: + Nãi giê tríc phót sau
Vd: ( 11h20' ) It is eleven- twenty.
+ Nãi phót tríc giê sau dïng ( past/ to ) (past: qua/ to:
kÐm)
Vd: ( 11h 20') It is twenty past eleven.
- Chó ý: 15' = fifteen = a quarter
30' = thirty = half past
Vd: ( 8h 15 ) It is aquater past eight hoÆc It is fifteen past
eight.
* C¸h hái giê cña c¸c ho¹t ®éng:
What time do you….?- I…..at……
7. C¸c ngµy trong tuÇn: Dïng gií tõ on + c¸c ngµy trong tuÇn
Vd: on Monday
Monday Tuesday Wednesay Thursday Friday
Saturday Sunday
Thø 2 Thø 3 Thø 4 Thø 5 Thø 6 Thø 7
Chñ nhËt

8. C¸c th¸ng trong n¨m: Dïng gií tõ in + c¸c th¸ng trong n¨m Vd: in May
January February March April May
June
Th¸ng 1 Th¸ng 2 Th¸ng 3 Th¸ng 4 Th¸ng 5
Th¸ng 6
July August September October
November December
Th¸ng 7 Th¸ng 8 Th¸ng 9 Th¸ng 10 Th¸ng 11
Th¸ng 12

9. C¸c mïa, thêi tiÕt trong n¨m

* C¸c mïa ( Seasons ) * C¸c lo¹i thêi tiÕt
- Summer: Mïa hÌ - hot: nãng
- Winter: Mïa ®«ng - cold: l¹nh
- Spring: Mïa xu©n - warm: Êm ¸p
- Fall: Mïa thu - cool: m¸t mÎ
10. C¸c giíi tõ chØ vÞ trÝ:
- In: ë trong
- On: ë trªn
- At: ë t¹i
- near: gÇn
- next to: kÒ s¸t
- in front of: ph¸ tríc
- behind: phÝa sau
- to the left: bªn tr¸i
- to the right: bªn ph¶i
- between: ë gi÷a

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- opposite: ®èi diÖn
- in the middle: ë trung t©m
- at the back of: phÝa sau
- in the corner: trong gãc
11. C¸c tÝnh tõ chØ h×nh d¹ng, vãc d¸ng, mµu s¾c thêng
dïng víi danh tõ vµ ®i víi ®éng tõ "to be"
Vd: tall - He is tall
big - It is a big school
12. a/ an/ some /any
* Danh tõ: + DT sè Ýt: lµ danh tõ cã mét Vd: a pen
+ DT sè nhiÒu: lµ danh tõ cã tõ 2 trë lªn ta thªm s/ es
Vd: pens/ couches
+ Dt ®Õm ®îc: lµ nh÷ng danh tõ cã thÓ dïng sè ®Õm
®Õm ®îcVd: qu¶ cam, ngêi….
+ DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc: lµ nh÷ng danh tõ cÇn ph¶i cã tõ
chØ ®¹i lîng ®i kÌm.Vd: g¹o, níc, s÷a, tiÒn…..
* a/ an: mét + Danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®îc/ Dïng trong c©u kh¼ng
®Þnh
Vd: a pen/ an orange
* Some: mét Ýt , mét vµi + danh tõ ®Õm ®îc vµ danh tõ kh«ng
®Õm ®îc.Dïng trong c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh.
Vd1: some bananas/ some rice
Vd2: There are some books on the table.
* any: nµo c¶ + DT ®Õm ®îc vµ kh«ng ®Õm ®îc. ®îc dïng trong
c©u phñ ®Þnh vµ c©u hái nghi vÊn.
Vd1: There are not any books on the table.
Vd2: Are there any milk in the kitchen?
13. afew, a little, a lot/lots of.
- afew: Mét vµi + DT ®Õm ®îc
- a little: mét Ýt + DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc
- a lot/lots of: nhiÒu + DT ®Õm ®îc, kh«ng ®Õm ®îc.
14. C¸c ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu ( ®éng tõ ®Æc biÖt )
- Can : cã thÓ + V- nguyªn
- Must: Ph¶i+ V- nguyªn
* Mét sè ®éng tõ thêng gÆp
- Need: CÇn + to V
- Woud like: thÝch + to V
- Want: muèn + to V
15. So s¸nh h¬n vµ so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt víi tÝnh tõ.
a. So s¸nh h¬n ( Than )
* §èi víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n ( tall, big…)
S1 + be + tÝnh tõ + er + than + S2
Vd; Lan is taller than Hoa
* §èi víi tÝnh tõ dµi ( beautyful, expensive…)
S1 + be + more + tÝnh tõ dµi + than + S2
Vd: Lan is more beautyful than Hoa.
b. So s¸nh h¬n nhÊt ( The )

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* §èi víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n
S + the + tÝnh tõ ng¾n + est +…..
Vd: Huy is the tallest.
* §èi víi tÝnh tõ dµi
S + the most + tÝnh tõ dµi +…
Vd: Hoa is the most beautyful in her class.

Líp 7
1. So s¸nh h¬n, kÐm víi danh tõ dïng:
- more: nhiÒu h¬n ( + DT ®Õm ®îc, DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc )
- fewer: Ýt h¬n ( + DT ®Õm ®îc )
- less: Ýt h¬n ( + DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc )
Vd: He works more hours than you.
Vd: Lan has fewer book than Minh
Vd: I feel less scared now.
2. C¸ch dïng : So, too, either, neither
- so, too: Dïng trong c©u ®ång t×nh kh¼ng ®Þnh.
+ so: §øng ®Çu c©u ( dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ )
+ too: §øng cuèi c©u, sau dÊu phÈy. ( dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ )
Vd1: I'm in class 7A
So am I./ I'm, too.
Vd2: I like bananas.
So do I./ I do, too.
- neither, either: Dïng trong c©u ®ång t×nh phñ ®Þnh
+ neither: §øng ®Çu c©u ( dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ )
+ either: §øng cuèi c©u, sau dÊu phÈy. ( dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ )
Vd1: I don't like carrots
Neither do I./ I don't like, either.
3. C¸ch hái vµ tr¶ lêi vÒ kho¶ng c¸ch gi÷a hai ®Þa ®iÓm.
How far is it from …..to……?
It is about…..km/m.
Vd: How far is it from your house to your school?
It is about two km.
4. MÖnh lÖnh kh¼ng ®Þnh, mÖnh lÖnh phñ ®Þnh.
Vd : Remember to do your homework.
Brush your teeth after every meal.
Vd2: Don't be worry.
Don't be late.
5. C¸ch thµnh lËp tr¹ng tõ tõ tÝnh tõ, c¸ch dïng.
* C¸ch dïng:
- TÝnh tõ thêng dïng víi ®éng tõ " to be " hoÆc ®øng tríc danh tõ
®Ó bæ nghÜa cho danh tõ ®ã.
Vd1: She is beautiful.
Vd2: She is beautiful girl.
- Tr¹ng tõ thêng dïng víi ®éng tõ thêng.

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Vd: She plays tennis slowly.
* C¸ch thµnh lËp tÝnh tõ sang tr¹ng tõ:
- HÇu hÕt ta thªm ®u«i " ly " vµo tÝnh tõ.
Vd: beautiful => beautifully
Xinh ®Ñp => mét c¸ch ®Ñp.
- Mét sè trêng hîp ®Æc biÖt
Vd: good => well.
6. C¸ch dïng Everyone, everybody; no one, nobody;
everything, nothing dïng nh chñ ng÷ sè Ýt.
- everyone, everybody: Mäi ngêi
- no one, nobody: kh«ng ai
- everything, nothing: kh«ng c¸i g×.
7. Sequencing : first, next, then, finally: Thêng ®øng ë ®Çu
c©u tríc dÊu phÈy, nãi vÒ quy tr×nh cña mét c«ng viÖc.
- first: tríc tiªn
- next: tiÕp
- then: sau ®ã
- finally: cuèi cïng.
Líp 8
1. CÊu tróc ®ñ ( kh«ng ®ñ )…. ®Ó lµm g×
( Not ) adjective + enough
+ to V
Vd: He is ( not ) old enough to go to school.
2. Reflexive pronouns ( §¹i tõ ph¶n th©n )
§¹i tõ nh©n x- §¹i tõ ph¶n th©n
ng
I: T«i Myself: Tù t«i
You: B¹n Yourselves Yourself /: tù
b¹n
We: Chóng Ourselves: tù chóng t«i/ta
t«i/ta
They: Hä Theirselves: tù hä
She: C« Êy Herself: tù c« Êy
He: Anh Êy Himself: tù cËu/anh Êy
It: Nã Itselves: Tù nã
3. C©u hái nguyªn nh©n ( why: T¹i sao? - Because: Bëi v×….
)
Vd: Why didn't do you go to school yesterday?
Because I was ill.
4.Giíi tõ chØ thêi gian
- in + n¨m/ th¸ng n¨m
- on + thø/ thø, ngµy, th¸ng
- at + giê
- after/ before + thêi ®iÓm
- between……and…..Gi÷a hai thêi ®iÓm
5. C¸ch nãi vÒ thãi quen trong qu¸ khø ( used to )

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 S + used to +
Vnguyªn
Vd: When I was a boy, I used to walk to school.
6. C¸ch nãi nªn lµm g× ( should )
S + should +
Vnguyªn

Vd: You should learn more.

7. Yªu cÇu, ®Ò nghÞ, khuyªn nhñ trong c¸ch nãi gi¸n tiÕp.
* Yªu cÇu : Command, request, advice…
Told/asked + somebody + to V
Vd: Miss Lan said " please wait for me some minutes "
"Miss Lan told/asked me to wait for her some minutes"
8. So s¸nh víi : like, ( not) as….as, ( not) the same as,
different from.
- like…: Gièng nh..
- ( not ) as….as: Gièng/ kh«ng gièng
- ( not ) the same as: Gièng/ kh«ng gièng
- different from: Kh¸c víi
Vd: The magazin is not as large as the newspaper.
Vd: Lipton tea is different from Dimah tea.
9. Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn diÔn t¶ ý t¬ng lai. DiÔn t¶ sù th¨ng
tiÕn cµng… cµng….
* DiÔn t¶ ý t¬ng lai
Vd: What are you doing tonight?
I'm whatching TV
* DiÔn t¶ sù th¨ng tiÕn cña mét viÖc hay mét sù viÖc ( Get and
come: cµng… cµng… )
Vd: The weather is becoming cold.
10. C¸ch nãi chØ môc ®Ých : in order to, so as to : §Ó lµm….
…in order to/ so as to +
Vnguyªn

Vd: I always kep the widow open in order to let fresh air in.
11. Lêi mêi, lêi yªu cÇu víi " Would…."
* Lêi mêi:
Would/ do you mind If + 1
clause
Vd: Would/ do you mind If I open the door.
* Lêi yªu cÇu ai ®ã lµm g×:
Would/ do you mind + V-ing
Vd: Would/ do you mind opening the door.
12. Danh tõ ghÐp : Lµ danh tõ ®îc thµnh lËp díi d¹ng hai
danh tõ ghÐp nhau hoÆc danh tõ ghÐp víi ®éng tõ, ®îc nèi
víi nhau b»ng dÊu c¸ch hoÆc kh«ng cã.
Vd: rice- cooking
Vd: Lang Son city

13
13. Question words before + to V
Question words (- What - When - Where - Who - How - Which -Why)
Vd: Nga told Nhi how to go there.

Líp 9
1. C©u íc
* C©u íc lo¹i I: ¦íc kh«ng cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i ( ®éng tõ chÝnh ë th×
qu¸ khø ®¬n)
- wish, S + V2/ed
- wish, S + were
Vd: I wish, I were older.
Vd: I wish, I lived in Ha Noi.
* C©u íc lo¹i II: ¦íc kh«ng cã thùc trong qu¸ khø ( ®éng tõ ë th× qu¸
khø hoµn thµnh)
- wish, S + had + V3/ed

Vd: Linh wishes, she had wathed TV last night.

Vd: He wishes, he had been at home last Sunday.
2. C©u ®iÒu kiÖn
* C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i I: Nãi ®/k cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i

If + V hiÖn t¹i, will

+V
Vd: If you learn more, you will get good mark
* C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i II: Nãi ®/k kh«ng cã thùc ë hiÖn t¹i

If + Ved/cét2,
woud/coud+ V
Vd: If I were you, I woudn't love him
Vd: If he had lots of money, he coud buy a big house.
3. C©u trùc tiÕp, c©u gi¸n tiÕp.
* C¸ch chuyÓn tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp.
- Bá dÊu ngoÆc kÐp
- Thay ®æi chñ ng÷
- Thay ®æi th× cña ®éng tõ ( lïi l¹i mét th× )
- Thay ®æi tÝnh tõ së h÷u
- Thay ®æi c¸c tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn…

Direct speech Reported speech

Tense HiÖn t¹i ®¬n Qu¸ khø ®¬n
HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn
Qu¸ khø d¬n Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh/ Qu¸
khø ®¬n

14
 Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp
diÔn/ Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn
HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh
HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp
diÔn diÔn
Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh
Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp
diÔn diÔn

§éng tõ May Might

khuyÕt Can Coud
thiÕu Must/might/coud/soud/ou Must/might/coud/soud/ought
ght to to
Time now then/ immediately
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next day/ the following
yesterday day
last night the day before/ the previous
two days ago day
the night before
two days before/ two days
earlier
Place here There
Demostrati This That
ve these those
heads
* Chó ý:
- Lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp lµ têng thuËt l¹i ý cña ngêi nãi
- NÕu ®éng tõ cña mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ë th× hiÖn t¹i/ hiÖn t¹i hoµn
thµnh/ th× t¬ng lai th× trong lêi trÝch dÉn ta chØ thay ®æi phÇn
®¹i tõ ( chñ ng÷ ).
Vd: the farmer says " I hope it will rain tomorrow"
=> the farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow.
- NÕu ®éng tõ cña mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ë th× qu¸ khø th× trong lêi
trÝch dÉn ta ph¶i thay ®æi toµn bé c¸c phÇn cÇn thay ®æi.
Vd: Miss Lan said " I will go to Hue tomorrow"
=> Miss Lan said she woud go to Hue the following day.
* C©u hái gi¸n tiÕp
a. C©u hái "yes/ no"
§éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh lµ: asked, wondered, inquired…
Theo sau nã lµ " if / whether" + c©u trÇn thuËt. C¸c phÇn cßn l¹i
vÉn ®îc thay ®æi nh quy ®Þnh, bá dÊu hái chÊm.
Vd: She asked me " Do you live here ? "
=> She asked me if I lived there.
b. C©u hái " w.h questions"

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§éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh lµ: asked, wondered, inquired…
Theo sau nã lµ " tõ ®Ó hái" + c©u trÇn thuËt. C¸c phÇn cßn l¹i vÉn
®îc thay ®æi nh quy ®Þnh, bá dÊu hái chÊm.
Vd: He wondered " what time does the film start?"
=> He wondered what time the film started.
4. C©u bÞ ®éng ( the passive voice )
* C¸ch chuyÓn tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng
- X¸c ®Þnh t©n ng÷ trong c©u chñ ®éng ( lµ phÇn ®øng ngay sau
®éng tõ chÝnh )
- ®Æt t©n ng÷ lªn lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u bÞ ®éng.
- X¸c ®Þnh th× cña ®éng tõ chÝnh trong c©u chñ ®éng ®Ó chia
®óng th× cña ®éng tõ " to be " trong c©u bÞ ®éng.
- §a ®éng tõ chÝnh cña c©u chñ ®éng xuèng lµm ®éng tõ chÝnh
trong c©u bÞ ®éng díi h×nh thøc Ved/cét 3.
- Dïng " by…" cho c¸c chñ ng÷ x¸c ®Þnh trong c©u chñ
®éng( chuyÓn vÒ thµnh t©n ng÷, ®øng tríc tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian
vµ sau tr¹ng tõ chØ n¬i chèn ).
* H×nh thøc c©u bÞ ®éng
S + be + Ved/
cét 3
Vd: They grow rice in tropical countries.
=> Rice is grown in the tropical countries.
* T¬ng øng c¸c th×
a. HiÖn t¹i ®¬n
S + am/is/are + Ved/
cét3
b. Qu¸ khø ®¬n
S + was/were + Ved/
cét3

c. HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn

S + am/is/are + being +
Ved/ cét3

d. Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn

S + was/were + being +
Ved/ cét3

e. T¬ng lai ®¬n

S + will + be + Ved/
cét3

f. T¬ng lai gÇn

S + am/is/are+ be +
Ved/ cét3

g. HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh

16
 S + have/has + been +
Ved/ cét3

h. Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh

S + had + been + Ved/
cét3
* C©u bÞ ®éng víi ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu ( can, coud, may, must,
…)
S + VkhuyÕt thiÕu + be +
Ved/ cét3
Vd: Minh must do this exercise carefully.
=>This exercise must be done carefully by Minh.
5. MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ ( relative pronouns )
Dïng ®Ó nèi hai c©u thµnh mét. Cã mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh
vµ mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh.
- MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh ph¶i cã trong c©u míi lµm râ nghÜa.
- MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh kh«ng nhÊt thiÕt ph¶i cã trong c©u
míi lµm râ nghÜa, thêng ®øng gi÷a hai dÊu phÈy.
* MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ lµm chñ ng÷
+ Thay cho ngêi : who
+ Thay cho vËt : which
* MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ lµm t©n ng÷
+ Thay cho ngêi : whom
+ Thay cho vËt : which
* MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ së h÷u
+ Thay cho ngêi : whose
+ Thay cho vËt : whose/ of which
Vd: Dïng mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ ®Ó nèi hai c©u.
- That people is a teacher. He stands near my house.
=> That people who stands near my house is a teacher.
- This people is a teacher. Minh is talking with him.
=> This people whom Minh is talking with is a teacher.
6. C©u hái ®u«i ( tag questions)
- Cã hai vÕ: NÕu vÕ ®Çu lµ kh¼ng ®Þnh th× vÕ ®u«i lµ phñ ®Þnh
vµ ngîc l¹i.
- Chó ý c¸ch dïng tr¹ng tõ ®Ó hái ë ®u«i ph¶i ®óng víi th× ë vÕ
®Çu.
Vd: You like watching TV, don't you?
You don't like watching TV, do you?
Has he read this book, hasn't he?
7. MÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng tõ ( adverb clauses )
* MÖnh ®Ò chØ lý do: Because/ since: bëi v×
- Because: §øng ë ®Çu c©u vµ cã dÊu phÈy ë gi÷a
- since: §øng ë gi÷a c©u
Vd: Because it rained, they didn't walk to school.
<=>They didn't walk to school since it rained.
* MÖnh ®Ò chØ kÕt qu¶: so : v× vËy

17
Vd: Because it rained, so they didn't walk to school.
* MÖnh ®Ò chØ sù nhîng bé : although/ though/even though: mÆc
dï
- Although: Thêng ®øng ë ®Çu c©u, cã dÊu phÈy.
- Though: Thêng ®øng ë vÕ thø hai
- even though: Thêng ®øng ë vÕ thø hai

18