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Proofs of Derivative of Trig Functions

This document provides proofs of the derivatives of common trigonometric functions using algebraic methods. It first proves that the derivative of sin(x) is cos(x) by taking the limit definition of the derivative. It then proves that the derivative of cos(x) is -sin(x) using the chain rule and the known derivative of sin(x). Finally, it proves that the derivative of tan(x) is sec^2(x) using the quotient rule and the known derivatives of sin(x) and cos(x).

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Rana Gul Badin Khan
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401 views

Proofs of Derivative of Trig Functions

This document provides proofs of the derivatives of common trigonometric functions using algebraic methods. It first proves that the derivative of sin(x) is cos(x) by taking the limit definition of the derivative. It then proves that the derivative of cos(x) is -sin(x) using the chain rule and the known derivative of sin(x). Finally, it proves that the derivative of tan(x) is sec^2(x) using the quotient rule and the known derivatives of sin(x) and cos(x).

Uploaded by

Rana Gul Badin Khan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Proofs of Derivative of Trig Functions

Proof of   sin(x) : algebraic Method

Given: lim(d->0) sin(d)/d = 1.


Solve:

 sin(x) = lim(d->0) ( sin(x+d) - sin(x) ) / d


= lim ( sin(x)cos(d) + cos(x)sin(d) - sin(x) ) / d
= lim ( sin(x)cos(d) - sin(x) )/d + lim cos(x)sin(d)/d
= sin(x) lim ( cos(d) - 1 )/d   +   cos(x) lim sin(d)/d
= sin(x) lim ( (cos(d)-1)(cos(d)+1) ) / ( d(cos(d)+1) )   +   cos(x) lim sin(d)/d
= sin(x) lim ( cos2(d)-1 ) / ( d(cos(d)+1 )   +   cos(x) lim sin(d)/d
= sin(x) lim -sin2(d) / ( d(cos(d) + 1)   +   cos(x) lim sin(d)/d
= sin(x) lim (-sin(d)) * lim sin(d)/d * lim 1/(cos(d)+1)   +   cos(x) lim sin(d)/d
= sin(x) * 0 * 1 * 1/2 + cos(x) * 1 = cos(x)       Q.E.D.

Proof of   cos(x) : from the derivative of sine

This can be derived just like   sin(x) was derived or more easily from the result of   
sin(x)

Given:   sin(x) = cos(x); Chain Rule.


Solve:

cos(x) = sin(x + PI/2)

 cos(x) =   sin(x + PI/2)

=   sin(u) *   (x + PI/2) (Set u = x + PI/2)


= cos(u) * 1 = cos(x + PI/2) = -sin(x)       Q.E.D.
Proof of   tan(x) : from the derivatives of sine and cosine

Given:   sin(x) = cos(x);   cos(x) = -sin(x); Quotient Rule.


Solve:

tan(x) = sin(x) / cos(x)

 tan(x) =   sin(x)/cos(x)

= ( cos(x)   sin(x) - sin(x)   cos(x) ) / cos2(x)


= ( cos(x)cos(x) + sin(x)sin(x) ) / cos2(x)
= 1 + tan2(x) = sec2(x)       Q.E.D.

Proof of   csc(x),   sec(x),   cot(x) : from derivatives of their reciprocal functions

Given:   sin(x) = cos(x);   cos(x) = -sin(x);   tan(x) = sec2(x); Quotient Rule.


Solve:

 csc(x) =   1/sin(x) = ( sin(x)   (1) - 1   sin(x) ) / sin2(x) = -cos(x) / sin2(x) = -


csc(x)cot(x)

 sec(x) =   1/cos(x) = ( cos(x)   (1) - 1   cos(x) ) / cos2(x) = sin(x) / cos2(x) =


sec(x)tan(x)

 cot(x) =   1/tan(x) = ( tan(x)   (1) - 1   tan(x) ) / tan2(x) = -sec2(x) / tan2(x) = -


csc2(x)       
Proof of   for y = Sinx
solution:
                                We know that   sin(x)/x = 1

 =   (sin(x+  )-sinx))/


                             =    ((sinxcos  + cosxsin  - sinx ))  /
                                =    ((sinxcos  - sinx)) /  + cosxsin  )/d
                                = sinx   (cos  -1)/  +   cosxsin  /
multiply and divide cos  +1
                              = sinx   ((cos  -1) (cos  + 1)) / d (cos  +1)  +  
cosx     sin  /
                              =   sinx    ( cos2  -1)/   (cos  +1)  + cosx *(1)
                            = sinx   (- sin2  ) /   (cos   +1)  + cos x
                             =   sinx . -sin   [  sin  /  ]   1/(cos  +1)]  +
cos x
                           =   sin x  *  ( 0 ) + cosx
                             = cos x

                             Therefore    = cos x
Derivative of Cos X
Prove that      = -sinx
solution: The derivative of cos x can be found more easily when compared to that of
sinx by using chain formula.
            cos x =  sin(x +   /2)

                =    =  
                            let  U = x +   /2           U'  = 1

                              = 

                            =     *  


                            = cos u  *  1
                           = cos u
     replace U
                           = cos (x+  /2)
                         = -sinx
                                           therefore ,       = - sin x
Derivative of Tanx
Prove that :      = sec2x
solution:
    we know that tan x  = sinx / cos x
         =       

         =     
    use quotient rule:  

                       =   [cos x     - sinx     ] / cos2x


                        =  (cosx * cosx   - sinx * -sinx) / cos2x
                       = (cos2x+ sin2x) / cos2x
                       = 1/cos2x                                we know   cos2x + sin2x = 1
                       = sec2x
              hence proved.
                                       = sec2x

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