A STUDY ON

“PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS”
INDIA CEMENTS

1
 ABSTRACT
In the activity of definitive a venture choice, the benefits progressing from the
speculation of assets ought to be instructed in understanding concerning a base preferred position
standard.

This favorable position standard, which can regularly be offering on an outright after premise, must
be prompted border the widely inclusive insight examination for the movement in definitive the last
convenience concerning whether the action ought to be attempted.

The intuition evaluation must be founded on the acknowledgment that a measured bit of leeway
acknowledged can serve alone as a guide.

The visit Advantage is adjusted as the acknowledged designation for the admeasurement of the
main part of aggregation that can be gained from an acclimated circumstance. Gainfulness, hence,
is the acknowledged denominator for all business exercises.

The confirmation and measure of benefits attainable from the speculation of fundamental and the
most elite venture a piece of grouped options are above objectives of a bread-and-butter
investigation.

Speculations might be manufactured for supplanting or improving a flat out property, for building
up a completely new undertaking, or for included purposes wherein a gathering is acknowledged
from the expense of capital.

2
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

CHATER 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.6 LIMITATIONS

CHAPTER 2 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 10-30

CHATER 3 3..1 INDUSTRY PROFILE

3.2 COMPANY PROFILE

CHATER 4 4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND 43-58

INTERPRETATION

CHATER 5 59-62

5.1 FINDING

5.2 SUGGESTIONS

5.3 CONCLUSION

3
 CHAPTER -1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

4
 1.1 INTRODUCTION

The capable organization of alive essential requires both medium-term arranging and genuine
responses to the quick changes demography in the present business condition. Alive essential
organization is the anatomic expansiveness of records that covers all the acknowledged records of
the firm. It is on edge with the capacity of acknowledged resources as physically fit the associated
of mishap airish by acknowledged liabilities. It is a direct that looks for capable conduct for
overseeing acknowledged resources and liabilities and connected procedures for boosting the
remittances from overseeing alive capital. The company's conduct for overseeing alive fundamental
ought to be encouraged to achieve three objectives, viz. capable liquidity, maltreatment of hazard,
and access of the productivity.

Benefit MANAGEMENT

The epithet bit of leeway is made out of two words 'benefit' and 'capacity'. The visit aggregation has
been credible in a measure of ways. The approval of aggregation varies as indicated by the
utilization and reason for the figures. To get to 'benefit' from bookkeeping perspective, supreme
expenses are deducted from the total incomes for an acclimated period. The label 'capacity' mirrors
the ability of the movement to procure benefits. This adroitness is aswell alluded to as 'gaining
power' to 'working accomplishment of the on edge speculation. The visit favorable position might
be true as the proficiency of an acclimated speculation to procure an affirmation life systems its
utilization. In the event that a movement neglects to achieve benefit, essential contributed is brittle
and if this course delays, the action eventually stop to exist. Bit of leeway office the collection
legitimate convenience if the venture. The backup of favorable position is an eccentric undertaking
like the temperature and stickiness of multi day.

Gainfulness is examined through the figuring of proportions. In gradual addition amassing

proportions two issues as acclimated underneath are to be considered.

1. What will be the base of benefit?

2. How preferred position is estimated

The preferred position can be abstinent either on the base of working gathering or net benefit. It
might be said that the working aggregation reflects collection from the essential business for which
5
the action was propelled and offers the a great deal of mirror the net working and non-working pay.
It outfits the expert with the a great deal of dependable admeasurement of preferred position from
the brief perspective. In any case, the measure of net amassing may acknowledge any of the
accompanying.

1. Net Accumulation Before Interest and Taxes (NPBIT)

2. Net Accumulation Before Taxes But After Interest (NPBT)

3. Net Accumulation After Taxes (NPAT)

Benefit can be abstinent in understanding of adjusted contraption of advantages explanations and

direct opposite sheets. All the more every now and again adjusted proportions of favorable position
are:

1. Benefit in understanding of outright speculation.

2. Benefit in understanding of offers

3. Benefit in understanding of investors and speculation.

4. Benefit from bank's perspective.

A healthy sorted out aggregation arranging software engineer will exhortation show up progression
an associated of amassing which will guarantee the assiduity of the business and achieve ness of
included obligations. Accordingly collection arranging and authority might be real as a "precise and
defined access for achieving the arranging, assignment and gooney bird of the board. In the
expressions of Bayern and Trawick, "benefit arranging is the organization of conceiving and
assessing another courses of movement and eventually boss high up a particular arrangement which
chip alone enunciation undertakings into an unyielding obliging conglomeration plan".

Benefit simply does not occur. They are must be acquired. There is no understanding of amassing
generation. In any exact total of appurtenances and casework and top total however that does not 5
any betroth of reasonable return. Organization need to plan and examine its gathering execution.
Unquestionably collection in advance going with a top associated and ability to heretofore sensible
benefits helps towards.

6
 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The capable organization of alive fundamental requires both medium-term arranging and genuine
responses to the quick changes demography in the present business condition. Alive essential
organization is the anatomic expansiveness of records that covers all the acknowledged records of
the firm. It is on edge with the capacity of acknowledged resources as capable the associated of
mishap airish by acknowledged liabilities. It is a lead that looks for capable conduct for overseeing
acknowledged resources and liabilities and connected strategies for expanding the recompenses
from overseeing alive capital. The association's conduct for overseeing alive fundamental ought to
be encouraged to achieve three objectives, viz. capable liquidity, maltreatment of hazard, and
access of the productivity.

BENEFIT MANAGEMENT

The handle bit of leeway is made out of two words 'benefit' and 'capacity'. The talk collection has
been credible in a measure of ways. The approval of collection contrasts as indicated by the
utilization and reason for the figures. To get to 'benefit' from bookkeeping perspective, total
expenses are deducted from the outright incomes for an acclimated period. The nickname 'capacity'
mirrors the ability of the action to secure benefits. This skill is aswell alluded to as 'acquiring
power' to 'working accomplishment of the restless speculation. The talk favorable position might be
real as the skill of an acclimated speculation to get an affirmation life systems its utilization. On the
off chance that a movement neglects to achieve benefit, essential contributed is fragile and if this
orientation drags out, the action at last stop to exist. Bit of leeway office the gathering definitive
settlement if the undertaking. The backup of preferred position is an impulsive undertaking like the
temperature and dampness of multi day.

Productivity is investigated through the figuring of proportions. In gradual addition gathering

proportions two issues as acclimated underneath are to be considered.

1. What will be the base of benefit?

2. How bit of leeway is estimated

The bit of leeway can be abstinent either on the base of working gathering or net benefit. It might
be said that the working collection reflects aggregation from the fundamental business for which
the action was propelled and offers the a great deal of mirror the net working and non-working pay.
7
It outfits the investigator with the a ton of solid admeasurement of bit of leeway from the succinct
perspective. Nonetheless, the measure of net collection may acknowledge any of the
accompanying.

1. Net Accumulation Before Interest and Taxes (NPBIT)

2. Net Accumulation Before Taxes But After Interest (NPBT)

3. Net Accumulation After Taxes (NPAT)

Gainfulness can be abstinent in understanding of modified mechanical assembly of benefits

explanations and absolute opposite sheets. All the more oftentimes adjusted proportions of
preferred position are:

1. Gainfulness in understanding of supreme venture.

2. Gainfulness in understanding of offers

3. Gainfulness in understanding of investors and speculation.

4. Gainfulness from lender's perspective.

A physically fit sorted out collection arranging developer will exhortation show up headway an
associated of gathering which will guarantee the assiduity of the business and achieve ness of
included obligations. In this way collection arranging and domination might be bona fide as a
"deliberate and defined access for achieving the arranging, portion and gooney bird of the board. In
the expressions of Bayern and Trawick, "benefit arranging is the organization of conceiving and
assessing another courses of movement and at last boss high up a particular arrangement which
chip alone explanation issues into a resolute obliging total arrangement".

Benefit simply does not occur. They are must be acquired. There is no understanding of aggregation
generation. In any precise total of appurtenances and casework and top total however that does not
5 any betroth of reasonable return. Organization need to plan and test its amassing execution.
Surely amassing already going with a top associated and ability to in advance sensible benefits

helps towards.

8
 1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY

The capital purpose abaft this activity abstraction is to apperceive how the advantage is managed in
INDIA CEMENTS HYDERABAD.

The abstraction is an centralized costs arrangement of the Advantage Management, which deals
with free the advantage position. Therefore, an assay is to be fabricated to apperceive the affidavit
& acquisition out the measures to be taken to accomplish the alignment added successful.

9
 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This abstraction has focused aloft the clamminess position of INDIA CEMENTS Limited, the
alternation amid clamminess and profitability, and accommodation amid advantage of JK TYRES.
We achievement this abstraction will advise us to apperceive added acutely about the liquidity, and
advantage of INDIA CEMENTS PVT LTD.

10
 1.5 METHODOLOGY

 The appropriate Abstracts has been calm from both Primary and both Accessory Abstracts
sources.
 PRIMARY DATA:

 First duke advice was calm from experts of accounts department, on the base of which
absolute position of the aggregation is identified.

 SECONDARY DATA:

 The accessory abstracts that is appropriate for the studies is calm from the Annual Reports,
Schedules, Budgets and added statements provided by Accounts Administration of “ INDIA
CEMENTS Pvt LTD”.

11
 1.6 LIMITATIONS

As a apprentice of adroitness of Business Administration and Management, 3rd semester, this is our
action for authoritative a address on “Liquidity, and Profitability Analysis: INDIA CEMENTS
Limited” through application its Annual Address and the all-important advice which is provided by
the agent of this organization. Beside this we accept faced the afterward hindrances in advancing
this report:

● Lack of ability and experience

● Short of time

● Lack of computer facilities

● Lack of acceptable privileges

● Lack of advice facilities

This is our accurate acknowledgment that the address is able on both accessory abstracts and
primary abstracts as well. But in some cases, we begin the botheration of curtailment of all-
important abstracts and that cases we will yield academic data, so there is a little adventitious of
misappropriation.

12
 CHAPTER-2.1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

13
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Liquidity is a perspective that means the settlement to suit banking commitments as and whenever
required. Dampness organization is an acknowledged action of records which manages the capable
organization of the two mechanical assembly of alive capital, viz. the acknowledged resources and
the acknowledged liabilities. The acknowledged resources might be bona fide as the cash and
included resources that are promptly convertible into money. Banknote itself is, by definition, the a
great deal of watery life structures of advantages; included resources tolerating whimsical greater
part of dampness relying upon the case with which they can be adjusted into money. The
acknowledged liabilities shade a wide range of liabilities which will finish for exchange with in an
age of one year, for example, coffer overdraft, bargain leasers, charges payable, remarkable costs,
and so forth.

The intonation of stickiness to suited the acknowledged commitments as and in the event that they
become due for exchange can barely be over underlined. Truth be told, moisture is an essential for
the real adjustment of the firm. The providers and shortened loan bosses are retained of the
condensed dissolvability of the firm. It is a compulsion which acknowledge to be irritated both
straightforwardly, in that organizations acknowledge to accomplish their obligations, and in a
roundabout way, in that they acknowledge to aswell address a skill to tolerate to do as such. On the
off chance that in the commemoration accounts, a nearby letters poor liquidity, this may could
cause such a decrease in assurance, that its backup turns into an unavoidable outcome, as leasers
advance genuine installment, the original prime example getting 'a keep running on the bank'.

MINIMIZATION OF RISK:-

A nearby ought to already capable associated of alive basal to suited the acknowledged
commitments and in advance business activities. It ought to guarantee that it doesn't hurt from
abbreviated version of liquidity. The premature birth of a near suited its commitments because of
abbreviated version of satisfactory moisture is horrendous chancy as it will delayed consequence in
terrible recognition picture, lose of banks assurance surprising expense crisis obtaining,
coincidental recognized fights or even stop of the firm. At the previously mentioned time if the
associated of alive basal is included captivation majority of acknowledged resources would be
more, once more would horrifyingly influence the productivity. In included words, the alive basal

14
ought not be either excessively top or excessively low. A well-checked least associated of alive
basal at a distressed mishap is reliably satisfactory for greater productivity.

Boosting PROFITABILITY:-

Benefit is the agreement in the midst of benefits and capital, for example the immutable resources
set side by side to rearm those benefits, if favorable position surpasses the heft of the company's
basal that is the proliferating standard greater part of association's disinterestedness and received
cash, and it can caution it fruitful. The speculation of absolute opposite money, maltreatment of
inventories, quickened gathering of receivables, and abolishment of inadvertent and cher
compressed costs all agreement to the entrance the gainfulness.

Liquidity, Accident and Advantage Trade-off

In alliance with the settlement in the midst of liquidity, mishap and gainfulness, a nearby can
acknowledge three sorts of alive basal strategies:

 Conservative strategy

 Aggressive strategy, and

 Moderate strategy.

Moderate POLICY:-

On account of average approach, a nearby will expert an about top admeasurement of alive basal
complete advantages for pay safe. As the heft of affirmation on acknowledged resources is usually
underneath than the majority of affirmation on lower advantage however at t he previously
mentioned time firms it will report lower mishap of fetus removal to suited the acknowledged
commitments.

Forceful POLICY:-

Here, the nearby selects a lower associated of alive basal along these lines heretofore in
acknowledged resources at a lower admeasurement to finish resources. On the off chance that a
nearby embraces this approach, the preferred position is top however at top mishap in issue the
acknowledged commitments on an achieving the adjusted associated of turnover.

MODERATE POLICY:

An alive basal movement received in the midst of the common action and propelling action is
named as abstinent approach. For this situation, the interest in acknowledged resources is neither
too top nor excessively low. The preferred position and mishap are too moderate.
15
Communicated in understanding of proportions, middle class movement and propelling action will
eventual outcome in low acknowledged game plan with adjusted degrees of banking adaptability.

The botheration of stickiness is underneath dishonored on precise mishap and it is simpler to

achieve profitable speculations. There are two perceptible prerequisites for liquidity—

1. Bit of leeway and

2. Care and adroitness in organization

Powerful recognition organization and greater domination over the yearly are suitable to authority
the heft of alive capital. It is relinquished if a nearby is helping that in the associated run it will
acknowledge in banknote included than it pays out. This is included intensely understandable on
account of an exchanging business which purchases and sells for the most part on banknote
premise. On the off chance that such a nearby makes loses it is paying out in banknote included
than it gets from deals. It can deserted support its banknote adjusts by infusions of basal or by
undertakings tied down resources, forms which can't be associated for an associated time.

Productivity might be terrifically significant yet it isn't adequate. A nearby acknowledge to be exact
to guarantee that it doesn't achieve its exchange that it can't cover. As proclaimed native stickiness
office compressed dissolvability of the near suited its financial commitments as and if there may be
—to admeasurement the liquidity, two significant proportions are about accustomed by firms.
Which are as per the following —

CURRENT RATIO

It is the agreement in the midst of the acknowledged resources and acknowledged liabilities and
demonstrates the admeasurement of acknowledged resources open per collection of acknowledged
risk. It is shaped out application the thereafter recipe

A worthwhile aspiration for the acknowledged game plan is 2:1. Firms with inventories which are
tranquilly acknowledged, for example, sustenance retailers can direct with unequivocally lower
proportions, however there is no justification of voyaging blend underneath except if, a nearby
considers watery to be as a total home for its assets. The acknowledged game plan can't be
adjudicator with the exception of in connection to the necessities of a precise trading circumstance.
Demolition in the midst of 1:1 and 4:1 could be adequate. Moral story acknowledge to be
manufactured with industry standards and those contenders whom one regards. Without included
information, 2:1 isn't irrational.

16
Brisk RATIO:-

The brisk course of action sets up the understanding in the midst of snappy or watery resources and
acknowledged liabilities. Fast resources down and out acknowledged resources barring stock. The
avoidance of yearly is for the sharpness that it isn't serenely and promptly convertible into money.
A top speedy plan is an adumbration that the nearby has moisture and prosperity to suited the
acknowledged commitments. On the additional hand, if the speedy course of action is low, it is a
brilliant pointer of illiquidity. The snappy plan is an additional precise and gnawing examine of the
moisture position whenever contrasted with the acknowledged proportion. It is harrowed as pursues
—

Normally a fast course of action of 1:1 is exhorted acceptable.

Gainfulness RATIOS:-

There are two above classifications of favorable position proportions:

I. Increase in association to deals and

ii. Increase in association to ventures.

One of the above disadvantages of the benefits in association to deals is that it disregards the cash
contributed by the near get the benefit. In this way, the promotion in understanding of speculation is
the best admeasurement to pronounce the benefit, which is beset as pursues—

Numerous a period, if examination how healthy business is going, the array and investigators going
to relinquished at productivity. Assuming course, increase is an above thought, getting in an
infertile business is a guaranteed disaster for the proprietors, chiefs and included partners. By and
by, poor or underneath standard bit of leeway circumstances can be changed, yet, not except if
capable alive basal organization convenance are set up. It is on the grounds that, through the nearby
is beneficial, however illiquidity continues for an associated time may prompts defalcation and may
in advance to stop of the firm. In light of these dynamic foundations, a modest assault has been
created to deliberation the liquidity, favorable position and mishap settlement of Square
Pharmaceuticals Limited, an acknowledged biologic industry in Bangladesh.

This mass yearly is included enhancement by arranged sub spending plans, banknote spending
plans and so forth., this financial limits fills in as accessories of increase power and go about as
norms border which present accomplishment is abstinent and looked at and extremely significant
curing achievements are taken to change the deviations assuming any.

17
The adroitness of business issue is abstinent by the heft of increase it earned. A business can't
tolerate to stand in the event that it misfortunes cash are if the cash isn't sufficient to obliged the
acclimated mishap to be taken. Increase are invaluable normal moved toward becoming show up
which an organizations basal should coordinated.

The increase of an issue not surrendered decorations its owners but rather aswell the advantages
charge experts administrators chief of naval operations and so forth., who are to be paid an
apportioning of the net benefit. In this way the questioning is what is benefit? Low has not
characterized. The visit promotion even the records are not acknowledged on this issue. The visit
increase is strangely characterized. It is stated, "As a rule, the increase of a business during an
acclimated age is the absolute opposite of benefits over mass for the period".

Benefit is the finished and proliferating distortion in the midst of complete obtaining and complete
expenses over an age of time the visit "Benefit" has been viewed in main part of ways. The usual
meaning "Benefit" change as per use and reason for the figures. In appearance of banking the
executives, benefits are the examine of skill and admeasurement in charge. They are, to proprietors,
an admeasurement of yearly of their speculation, to the credi

18
 CHAPTER-3

INDUSTRY PROFILE
COMPANY PROFILE

19
 COMPANY PROFILE

MISSION STATEMENT OF INDIA CEMENTS LTD :

"We ought to be one of the biggest Cement Companies in the Country. Our development in size
will be through nonstop survey of possibilities of the current assembling assets, key acquisitions
and extensions".

India Cements Limited(ICL) is a bond assembling organization situated in India. The organization
was consolidated in 21st February 1946 and the primary plant was set up at Sankarnagar in Tamil
Nadu in 1949. The underlying yearly assembling limit of 1 lakh tones was step by step expanded
and achieved 4.63 lakh tones by 1959. In August 1990 the wet procedure method of assembling
was changed over to dry procedure strategy and the wet procedure furnaces were supplanted with
an advanced single dry procedure ovens. On tenth April 1990, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
allowed ICL the ISO:9001:2000 standard affirmation. It has seven bond assembling plants/offices
spread over Southern India (Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu) taking into account significant
markets in South India and Maharashtra. The limits of its plants are more than 9 million tons for
every annum.

The organization is the biggest maker of concrete in South India. It‟s plants are very much spread
with 3 in Tamil Nadu and 4 in Andhra Pradesh which take into account every single real market in
South India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu Karnataka, Kerala) and Maharashtra. India Cements is
the market chief with a piece of the pie of 28% (roughly) in Southern India. It intends to
accomplish 35% piece of the overall industry sooner rather than later. The Company approaches
immense limestone assets and plans to extend limit by de-bottlenecking and enhancement of
existing plants just as by acquisitions. It has a solid appropriation coordinate with 10000 stockists
of whom 25% are devoted stockists. India Cements has settled brands like Coromandel King,
Coromandel Super Power and Rassi Gold.

G I TAM I N S T I T U T E o f I N T E R NAT I O NALB U S I N E S S Page 1

The organization was established by :

Late.Shri S.N.N. Sankaralinga Iyer and Late.Shri T.N.Narayanaswami

Also, ICL is as of now headed by Mr.N.Srinivasan , Vice Chairman and Managing Director. The
everyday undertakings of the organization are overseen by Executive President Mr. T.S.Raghupathy
and other key work force in each useful territory.

20
The organization has accomplished its best ever execution both regarding operational and money
related parameters in the 62 years history of the organization. The clinker generation for the year
2007-08 of the organization was at 72.13 lakhs tons while bond creation was at

lakhs tons speaking to a limit usage of 105% when contrasted with 84.24 lakh tons in the earlier
year. Concrete deals was likewise lively at 92.15 lakh tons as against 84.14 lakh tons in the past
budgetary year.
The company‟s plants outperformed their best accomplishments in numerous fronts during 2007-
08
 Sankarnagar Plant accomplished its most elevated clinker, bond and despatch during
the time of 11.80 lakh tons (11.72 lakh tons), 18.02 lakh tons (15.70 lakh tons) and

18.02 lakh tons (15.79 lakh tons) separately.

 Chilamakur Plant accomplished its record clinker creation of 11.19 lakh tons (11.17
lakh tons).

 Dalavoi Plant accomplished its best ever clinker, bond and despatches of 11.49 lakh
tons (10.90 lakh tonnes),12.72 lakh tons (11.45 lakh tons) and 12.67 lakh tons (11.47 lakh tons)
individually.

 Yerraguntla Plant again outperformed its record by timing a clinker creation of 5.39
lakh tons (5.01 lakh tons), concrete crushing of 5.80 lakh tons (5.73 lakh tons) and bond despatches
of 5.80 lakh tons (5.73 lakh tons) individually.

 Vishnupuram Plant recorded its most noteworthy bond granulating of 25.11 lakh
tons (24.02 lakh tons) and the despatches of 25.04 lakh tons (24.03 lakh tons).
 Sankarnagar Plant accomplished its most noteworthy clinker, concrete and despatch
during the time of 11.80 lakh tons (11.72 lakh tons), 18.02 lakh tons (15.70 lakh tons) and
18.02 lakh tons (15.79 lakh tons) individually.
 Chilamakur Plant accomplished its record clinker creation of 11.19 lakh tons (11.17
lakh tons).
 Dalavoi Plant accomplished its best ever clinker, concrete and despatches of 11.49
lakh tons (10.90 lakh tonnes),12.72 lakh tons (11.45 lakh tons) and 12.67 lakh tons (11.47 lakh
tons) separately.

 Yerraguntla Plant again outperformed its record by timing a clinker creation of 5.39
lakh tons (5.01 lakh tons), bond crushing of 5.80 lakh tons (5.73 lakh tons) and concrete despatches
of 5.80 lakh tons (5.73 lakh tons) separately.

21
 Vishnupuram Plant recorded its most astounding concrete granulating of 25.11 lakh
tons (24.02 lakh tons) and the despatches of 25.04 lakh tons (24.03 lakh tons).

The normal yield per oven day demonstrated an improvement of 5% at Sankarnagar, 3% at

Chilamakur, 4% at Dalavoi and 6% at Yerraguntla. In perspective on the rising cargo expenses
bringing about shooting up of coal costs on which the organization is for the most part subordinate
in assembling bond. Roughly 60% of the company‟s prerequisites are met from coal. With delivery
costs contacting nearly record level highs , the organization has restored its transportation business
with the buy of two boats (DRY BULK CARRIERS ) with an aggregate

limit of 79843 DWT (Dead Weight Tonnage) which will be essentially used for hostage
development of coal and other crude materials additionally to share in the rise in the Shipping
Industry. This would guarantee a continuous supply of coal if there should be an occurrence of
interruption, at the same time clearing route for diminished rate of cargo.

India Cements Ltd. likewise possesses Indian Premier League's Chennai establishment, Chennai
Super Kings. During the year, the organization has effectively offered for the Chennai Franchise of
the DLF-IPL 20/20 Cricket Tournament. "Chennai Super Kings", as our Franchise is known, was
taken principally so as to elevate the brand and to advance the Corporate Image. Considering the
designs to turn into a Pan India concrete player, IPL would be a perfect stage for India Cements
Ltd. to dispatch their brands on an all India premise. The income stream for this Franchise will
comprise of a portion of focal income and 100% of the neighborhood establishment profit. The
organization has likewise tied up with driving brands for group sponsorship and attire sponsorship
and making a decision by the present pattern, it will accomplish tremendous brand advancement at
negligible expense.

Backup organizations of India Cements Ltd are :

 ICL Securities Ltd.

 ICL International Ltd.

 ICL Financial Services

 Industrial Chemicals and Monomers Ltd.

 Trishul Concrete Products Ltd.

 Coromandel Electric Company Ltd.

 Unique Receivable Management Private Limited

22
23
 INDUSTRY PROFILE

The concrete business in India has been making the most of its best period
with a solid development sought after in the previous two years. The
business has been working at its close full limit during this period. The
concrete costs have been relentless during the time with this firm interest
position.

The concrete business is one of the principle recipients of the framework

blast. With vigorous interest and satisfactory supply, the industry has
splendid future. The Indian Cement Industry with complete limit of 168
million tones is the second biggest after China. Concrete industry is ruled
by 20 organizations who record for over 70% of the market. Separately no
organization represents over 12% of the market. The significant players
like L&T and ACC have been calm effective in narrowing the hole among
interest and supply. Private lodging segment is the real purchaser of
concrete (53%) trailed by the administration framework area. Likewise
northern and southern area devour around 20%-30% bond while the focal
and western district are expending just 18%-16%.

The all India clinker creation grabbed further by 6.5% to 129.70 million
tons when contrasted with 121.75 million tons during the earlier year. The
general generation of concrete in the nation for the year finished March
2008 was up at 168.31 million tons as against 155.66 million tons in the
earlier year enlisting a development of 8.1%. The household utilization of
concrete became further by 9.8% well beyond the twofold digit
24
development recorded in the past two budgetary years and was at 164.02
million tons when contrasted with 149.40 million tons in the past money
related year. The concrete fare was, be that as it may, lower at 3.65 million
tons as against 5.89 million tons in the earlier year because of a light local
market. The clinker fares were likewise lower at 2.37 million tons when
contrasted with 3.10 million tons in the earlier year.

India is the second biggest bond maker in world after china. Directly from
laying solid blocks of economy to waving fly over‟s bond industry has
appeared and demonstrates an incredible future. The business looks sound
and encouraging and indicates noteworthy development on the back of
vigorous interest from lodging development, Phase-II of NHDP (National
Highway Development Project) and other foundation improvement
extends by both private, open and likewise by a consortia of both.
Household interest for concrete has been expanding at a quick pace in
India.

Bond utilization in India is determined to develop by over 22% by 2009-

10 from 2007-08. Among the states, Maharashtra has the most astounding
offer in utilization at 12.18%,followed by Uttar Pradesh, underway terms,
Andhra Pradesh is driving with 14.72% of all out generation pursued by
Rajasthan. Bond generation developed at the rate of 9.1 percent during
2006-07 over the past monetary's complete creation of 147.8 mt (million
tons). Because of rising interest of bond the business volume of concrete
organizations are additionally expanding and organizations announcing
higher creation, higher deals and higher benefits. The net benefit
development rate of concrete firms was 85%. Concrete industry has
25
contributed around 8% to the monetary improvement of India. Bond
industry has far to go as Indian economy is ready to develop in view of
being on skirt of improvement.

Organizations keep on underscoring on decrease of expenses through

upgraded efficiency, decrease in vitality expenses and coordinations costs.
The concrete division is relied upon to observe development in accordance
with the monetary development in view of the solid co-connection with
GDP. Future drivers of bond request development in India would be the
street and lodging ventures.

Bond industry in India has additionally made gigantic walks in mechanical

up degree and osmosis of most recent innovation. By and by, 93 percent of
the all out limit in the business depends on current and condition
neighborly dry procedure innovation. The enlistment of cutting edge
innovation has helped the business monstrously to preserve vitality and
fuel and to spare materials generously. Indian concrete industry has
likewise gained specialized capacity to deliver various sorts of bond like
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC),
Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement (PBFS), Oil Well Cement, Rapid
Hardening Portland Cement, Sulfate Resisting Portland Cement, White
Cement and so on. A portion of the real bunches of bond industry in India
are: Satna (Madhya Pradesh), Chandrapur (Maharashtra), Gulbarga
(Karnataka), Yerranguntla (Andhra Pradesh), Nalgonda (Andhra Pradesh),
Bilaspur (Chattisgarh), and Chandoria (Rajasthan).

Current Scenario :

26
India is the second biggest maker of bond, which satisfies worldwide
guidelines. The bond business includes 130 enormous concrete plants and
in excess of 300 scaled down concrete plants. The business' ability toward
the year's end 2008 achieved 188.97 million tons(approximately) which
was 166.73 million tons(approximately) toward the year's end 2006-07.It
is evaluated that concrete generation would cross the 200 million tons
mark continuously end of 2009.

Bond industry in India is at present experiencing a solidification stage. A

few instances of combination in the Indian bond industry are:

a. Gujarat Ambuja taking a stake of 14 percent in ACC, and taking over

DLF Cements and Modi Cements

b. ACC taking over IDCOL

c. India Cements Ltd. taking over Raasi Cement and Sri Vishnu
Cement

d. Grasim's obtaining of the concrete business of L&T, Indian Rayon's

bond division, and Sri Digvijay Cements.

Remote concrete organizations are likewise getting stakes in enormous

Indian bond organizations.

a. Swiss concrete major Holcim has grabbed 14.8 percent of the

advertisers' stake in Gujarat Ambuja Cements (GACL). Holcim's securing
has prompted the development of a noteworthy gathering in the Indian
concrete industry, the Holcim-ACC-Gujarat Ambuja Cements gathering.

27
b. Lafarge, the French concrete major has obtained the bond plants of
Raymond and Tisco.

c. Italy based Italcementi has gained a stake in the K.K. Birla advanced
Zuari Industries' bond plant in Andhra Pradesh, and

d. German concrete organization Heidelberg Cement has gone into an

equivalent joint-adventure concurrence with S P Lohia Group controlled
Indo-Rama Cement.

A survey of territorial example of development in concrete interest

uncovers the accompanying:-

REGION 2007-08 2006-07

North 12.17% 10.44%

East 5.65% 5.87%

South 9.71% 12.90%

West 14.00% 9.10%

Central 6.05% 8.90%

OVERALL 9.80% 9.90%

Source : ICL Website

It tends to be seen that south where the company‟s primary markets are
arranged has enrolled a development of 9.71% far beyond 12.9%
development accomplished in the earlier year. This has obviously cleared
route at increasingly gainful costs in the market.

28
Considering a torpid limit of 5 to 6 million tons, the industry has been
working to its full limit with regards to the previous two years bringing
about more pockets of deficiencies in the remote of the nation. The
genuine unsatisfied interest in the nation is yet to be set up as the business
has been estimating the interest dependent on the despatches made. Given
the pushed by the Government for the framework improvement including
streets, ports, airplane terminals, control plants and extraordinary
monetary zones and furthermore for lodging, satellite township and water
system ventures, it is accepted that the bond request will develop over
10% later on. This suggests huge limit would be required to get up to
speed with this development sought after and the new limits have likewise
been reported and are under creation towards this end. In any case, given
the defers that are happening in the execution of new undertakings by
virtue of bottlenecks in the supply side of significant types of gear and
accessibility of erection temporary workers, delays in dispatching of new
limits can't be discounted and consequently the present light circumstance
is probably going to proceed till new limit really emerges to fulfill the
development sought after.
On the monetary side, the Government has taken a great deal of measures
in the earlier year including expulsion of import obligation and CVD on
concrete and has additionally presented piece rates of extract obligation of
bond connected to Maximum Retail Price which has been additionally
changed during the year with increment in levy rate from Rs.600 to Rs.900
per MT. In any case, given the light interest, the industry had the option to
pass on this effect to the buyer. During the year there was a precarious
climb in the conveyed costs of imported coal brought about by the
29
expansion in cargo and expanded interest for coal from created nations.
The CIF costs of imported coal which was around 55 – 60 US dollars in
March 2007 rose to a degree of 110 – 120 US dollars towards the finish of
March 2008 causing an enormous unfriendly effect on the expense of
generation of concrete for a significant number of the units depending on
imported coal.
Situation in Andhra Pradesh :
Andhra Pradesh, a South Indian state has a gigantic hold of limestone and
these are being misused by significant plants and small scale plants.
Limestone the prime crude material for concrete is accessible in plenitude
in Andhra Pradesh. Other crude materials required for bond assembling
are coal, bauxite, gypsum and fly fiery debris are likewise accessible in the
state. One fourth of the bond grade limestone holds in the nation are in
Andhra Pradesh. Generation savvy Madhya Pradesh is the biggest bond
delivering state in the nation pursued by Andhra Pradesh which is 18% of
the all out creation.
Significant concrete makers in India :
 Ultratech Cements
 ACC
 India Cements Ltd.
 Madras Cements
 Lafarge
 Jaiprakash Associates
 Grasim Industries
 Holcim
 Italicementi
 JK Cements

 Birla Cements

 Gujrat Ambuja Cement Ltd.

30
 PRODUCT PROFILE

In concrete generation, crude materials readiness includes essential and optional squashing of the
quarried material, drying the material (for use in the dry procedure) or undertaking a further crude
crushing through either wet or dry procedures, and mixing the materials. Clinker generation is the
most vitality concentrated advance, representing about 80% of the vitality utilized in concrete
Production. Delivered by consuming a blend of materials, for the most part limestone, silicon
oxides, aluminum, and iron oxides, clinker is made by one of two generation forms: wet or dry;
these terms allude to the granulating forms albeit different designs and blended structures (semi-
wet, semi-dry) exist for the two kinds. In the dry procedure, the crude materials are ground,
blended, and encouraged into the oven in their dry state. In the wet procedure, the squashed and
proportioned materials are ground with water, blended, and sustained into the oven as slurry.

Various sorts of bond that are created by India Cements Ltd are:

31
Normal Portland concrete (OPC): OPC, prevalently known as dim bond, has 95 percent clinker and
5 percent gypsum and different materials. 3 evaluations of OPC are created by ICL :

 53 Grade OPC : 53 Grade OPC is a higher quality bond to address the issues of the
purchaser for higher quality cement. According to BIS prerequisites the base 28 days

compressive quality of 53 Grade OPC ought not be under 53 MPa. For certain specific works, for
example, prestressed concrete and certain things of precast cement requiring reliably high quality
cement, the utilization of 53 grade OPC is discovered extremely helpful. 53 grade OPC produces
higher-grade concrete at practical bond content. In solid blend plan, for solid M-20 or more
evaluations a sparing of 8 to 10 % of concrete might be accomplished with the utilization of 53
grade OPC. It is generally utilized in clearing squares, tiles , building squares , runways, solid
streets, spans and comparable overwhelming developments.

 43 Grade OPC : 43 Grade OPC is the most prevalent broadly useful concrete in the nation
today. The generation of evaluation 43 OPC is about half of the absolute creation in the nation. 43
Grade OPC‟s are commonly utilized by and large thoughtful building works, precast things, for
example, blocks,tiles,asbestos sheets and so forth.

 33 Grade OPC : This concrete is utilized for general common development work under
typical natural conditions. Because of low compressive quality, this bond is typically not utilized
where high evaluation of cement is required. The accessibility of higher evaluations of
OPC in the market are influencing the utilization of 33 level OPC and now a days 43 level OPC is
typically utilized for general development work rather than 33 grade OPC. Progressively valuable
for mass cementing and plain bond cementing. Regularly specially made premise. It very well may
be utilized for putting and single storied individual houses.

Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC): PPC has 80 percent clinker, 15 percent pozzolana and 5 percent
gypsum and records for 18 percent of the complete bond utilization. It is made in light of the fact
that it uses fly fiery remains/consumed earth/coal squander as the primary fixing.

The Portland Pozzolana Cement is a sort of Blended Cement which is delivered by either entomb
pounding of OPC clinker alongside gypsum and pozzolanic materials in specific extents or
crushing the OPC clinker, gypsum and pozzolanic materials independently and completely mixing
them in specific extents.

Pozzolana is a characteristic or counterfeit material containing silica in a receptive structure. It

might be additionally examined as siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which in itself has
nearly nothing, or no cementitious properties however will in finely isolated structure and within

32
the sight of dampness, artificially respond with calcium hydroxide at common temperature to shape
mixes having cementitious properties. It is basic that pozzolana be in a finely partitioned state as it
is at exactly that point that silica can join with calcium hydroxide (freed by the hydrating Portland
Cement) within the sight of water to shape stable calcium silicates which have cementitious
properties. The pozzolanic materials usually utilized are:

• Volcanic fiery debris

• Calcined mud

• Fly fiery debris

• Silica vapor

In perspective on the accessibility of good quality fly fiery remains in rich amount, the utilization
of calcined earth based pozzolana bond is continuously diminishing. The flyash is a waste result of
Thermal power Plant which make transfer issues at Thermal power plant site. The yearly generation
of flyash in India is around 70 million tons for each annum. This would increment in future relying
on the new coal based warm power plants to be introduced in the nation.

The present use of fly fiery debris underway of mixed concrete in India is small. Fly fiery remains
is the cinder accelerated electrostatically from the fumes vapor of coal terminated power station.
The fly powder particles are round and are for the most part of higher fineness than concrete with
the goal that the silica is promptly accessible for response.

The Portland Pozzolana Cement makes solid progressively impermeable and denser when
contrasted with Ordinary Portland Cement. The long haul quality (90 days or more) of Pozzolana
bond is better contrasted with OPC.

The Portland Pozzolana Cement is in a perfect world appropriate for the accompanying
development.
a. Hydraulic structures
b. Mass cementing works
c. Marine structures
d. Masonry mortars and putting

The compressive quality of PPC as is proportionate to that of 33 grade OPC. The real amount of
flyash based PPC in India Cements Limited is directly being delivered at Sankarnagar and Sankari
Works of India Cements Limited at Tamilnadu. Anyway depending of the prerequisite of flyash
based PPC could be created at all the Plants of India Cements Limited in Tamilnadu and Andhra

33
Pradesh. The PPC being produced by „India Cements Ltd‟ meets the quality prerequisites of 53
grade.

CHAPTER-4.1

DATA ANALYSIS
AND
INTERPRETATION

34
 OVERALL PROFITABILITY RATIO

OPERATING PROFIT TO OPERATING ASSETS

TABLE.4.1

YEARS OPERATING PROFIT OPERATING ASSETS RATIO IN %

Mar '18 11126.24 81121.19 7.29
Mar '17 11536.77 76315.18 6.61
Mar '16 11482.29 73092.81 6.37
Mar '15 8905.59 62407.95 7.01
Mar '14 9176.44 56650.78 6.17

INTERPRETATION:

It is inferred from the above table that there is in a fluctuating trend in the ratio. The ratio range
between 7.29% in MARCH 2013. The decrease in the ratio in 2012 (6.61%) & 2011 &2014 is due
to decrease in sales and also an increase in the cost of goods sold in that year

35
DEBTORS TURNOVER RATIO = TOTAL SALES / DEBTORS

TABLE.4.2

TOTAL
YEARS SALES DEBTORS RATIOS%
Mar '18 27073.2 81121.2 0.33
Mar '17 22396.7 76315.2 0.29
Mar '16 17914.1 73092.8 0.25
Mar '15 16035.1 62408 0.26
Mar '14 15171.9 56650.8 0.27

INTERPRETATION:

Debtor’s turnover ratio indicates the relation between net credit sales and average accounts
receivables of the year. This ratio is also known as Debtors’ Velocity.

This ratio indicates the efficiency of the concern to collect the amount due from debtors. It
determines the efficiency with which the trade debtors are managed. Higher the ratio, better it is as
it proves that the debts are being collected very quickly.

36
 CURRENT RATIOS: CURRENT ASSETS/CURRENT LIABILITIES
TABLE.4.3

CURRENT CURRENT
YEARS ASSETS LIABILITIES RATIOS%
Mar '18 -2894.95 18999.02 -0.15
Mar '17 -1392.09 18039.57 -0.08
Mar '16 9110.49 14288.41 0.64
Mar '15 1422.25 13184.61 0.11
Mar '14 -308.29 12188.55 -0.03

INTERPRETATION:

The Above Graph Represents Current Assets and Current liabilities it shows the performance of
INDIA CEMENTS since 2014 .It has shown negative assets in 2013 & 2012 during two years
current assets were shown negative (-2894.95) and -1392.09.liabilities were increased in 2012-
2013.

37
 OPERATING MARGIN = OPERATING INCOME
REVENUE (PAT)
TABLE.4.4

YEARS Operating Income PAT RATIOS%

Mar '18 38199.43 5737.5 6.66
Mar '17 33933.46 6185.41 5.49
Mar '16 29396.35 6217.6 4.73
Mar '15 24940.65 4137.31 6.03
Mar '14 24348.32 4904.03 4.96

INTERPRETATION:

The above graph shows operating income were getting continuously increased from the year 2014.
Every business consist of taxes they were rejected profit after tax while showing business
auditing .It represents capital is very important for running business.

38
 PAT: PBT-TAXES

TABLE: 4.5

PAT (NET INCOME)

YEARS PBT TAXES DIFF(PAT)
Mar '18 8511.13 2773.63 5737.5
Mar '17 9346.34 3160.93 6185.41
Mar '16 9128.76 2911.16 6217.6
Mar '15 6305.81 2168.5 4137.31
Mar '14 7018.9 2114.87 4904.03

INTERPRETATION:

The Above graph shows PAT for five years in the year of 2013 it was low than 2012. Profit is very
important source for enhance every business.

39
 OPERATING PROFIT MARGIN

OPERATING PROFIT TO SALES

TABLE: 4.6

Years PAT Sales Ratio in %

Mar '18 5737.5 27073.19 4.72

Mar '17 6185.41 22396.69 3.62

Mar '16 6217.6 17914.06 2.88

Mar '15 4137.31 16035.06 3.88

Mar '14 4904.03 15171.88 3.09

The above graph show PAT to SALES in any business sales are playing major role for gaining
profits here sales showing since 2014 increased.

40
 YEARLY SALES TREND FOR FIVE YEARS

YEARS SALES

Mar '18 27073.19

Mar '17 22396.69

Mar '16 17914.06

Mar '15 16035.06

Mar '14 15171.88

41
 BALANCE SHEET (RS CRORE) INDIA CEMENTSPVT LTD

Mar ' 18 Mar ' 17 Mar ' 16 Mar ' 14 Mar ' 13
Sources of funds
Owner's fund
Equity share capital 971.41 971.41 959.41 887.41 730.79
Share application money - - 178.2 - -
Preference share capital - - - - 5,472.66
Reserves & surplus 54,238.27 51,649.95 45,807.02 36,281.34 23,501.15
Loan funds
Secured loans 4,311.02 4,190.47 3,509.18 2,259.32 3,913.05
Unsecured loans 21,600.49 19,503.35 22,639.00 22,979.88 23,033.13
Total 81,121.19 76,315.18 73,092.81 62,407.95 56,650.78
Uses of funds
Fixed assets
Gross block 38,056.28 23,081.58 22,497.83 22,306.07 20,057.01
Less : revaluation reserve - - - - -
Less : accumulated depreciation 13,181.23 11,715.32 10,692.73 10,143.63 9,062.47
Net block 24,875.05 11,366.26 11,805.10 12,162.44 10,994.54
Capital work-in-progress 8,722.29 16,058.49 5,612.28 3,843.59 3,487.68
Investments 50,418.80 50,282.52 46,564.94 44,979.67 42,371.78
Net current assets
Current assets, loans & advances 17,860.79 18,483.79 25,569.40 13,425.27 11,591.66
Less : current liabilities & provisions 20,755.74 19,875.88 16,458.91 12,003.02 11,899.95
Total net current assets -2,894.95 -1,392.09 9,110.49 1,422.25 -308.29
Miscellaneous expenses not written - - - - 105.07
Total 81,121.19 76,315.18 73,092.81 62,407.95 56,650.78
Notes:
Book value of unquoted investments 49,434.56 49,617.55 45,899.97 44,243.24 41,665.63
Market value of quoted investments 4,904.96 4,911.43 4,914.95 4,397.79 1,491.89
Contingent liabilities 18,999.02 18,039.57 14,288.41 13,184.61 12,188.55
Number of equity sharesoutstanding
(Lacs) 9712.15 9712.14 9592.14 8872.14 7305.92

42
PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT------------------- IN RS. CR. -------------------
JK TYRES
Mar ' 18 Mar ' 17 Mar ' 16 Mar ' 14 Mar ' 13
Income
Sales Turnover 38,199.43 33,933.46 29,396.35 26,757.60 26,843.53
Excise Duty 0 0 0 1,816.95 2,495.21
Net Sales 38,199.43 33,933.46 29,396.35 24,940.65 24,348.32
Other Income 227.51 1,397.44 1,176.45 1,241.08 603.07
Stock Adjustments 404.6 220.72 173.65 -134.97 289.27
Total Income 38,831.54 35,551.62 30,746.45 26,046.76 25,240.66
Raw Materials 12,421.63 9,917.37 7,841.47 8,356.45 8,568.71
Power & Fuel Cost 2,510.17 1,990.16 1,558.49 1,383.44 1,222.48
Employee Cost 3,608.52 3,047.26 2,837.46 2,361.48 2,305.81
Other Manufacturing
Expenses 0 0 0 2,419.89 2,127.48
Selling and Admin Expenses 0 0 0 417.9 400.24
Miscellaneous Expenses 8,937.47 7,662.62 5,850.29 1,287.04 1,180.08
Preoperative Exp Capitalized 0 0 0 -326.11 -343.65
Total Expenses 27,477.79 22,617.41 18,087.71 15,900.09 15,461.15
Operating Profit 11,126.24 11,536.77 11,482.29 8,905.59 9,176.44
PBDIT 11,353.75 12,934.21 12,658.74 10,146.67 9,779.51
Interest 1,876.77 1,925.42 1,735.70 1,848.19 1,489.50
PBDT 9,476.98 11,008.79 10,923.04 8,298.48 8,290.01
Depreciation 1,640.38 1,151.44 1,146.19 1,083.18 973.4
Other Written Off 0 0 0 0 0
Profit Before Tax 7,836.60 9,857.35 9,776.85 7,215.30 7,316.61
Extra-ordinary items 0 0 0 0 0
PBT (Post Extra-ord Items) 7,836.60 9,857.35 9,776.85 7,215.30 7,316.61
Tax 2,773.63 3,160.93 2,911.16 2,168.50 2,114.87
Reported Net Profit 5,062.97 6,696.42 6,865.69 5,046.80 5,201.74
Total Value Addition 15,056.16 12,700.04 10,246.24 7,543.64 6,892.44
Preference Dividend 0 0 0 45.88 109.45
Equity Dividend 776.97 1,165.46 1,151.06 709.77 1,168.95
Corporate Dividend Tax 128.73 181.57 156.71 122.8 214.1
Per share data (annualised)
Shares in issue (lakhs) 9,712.15 9,712.14 9,592.14 8,872.14 7,305.92
Earning Per Share (Rs) 52.13 68.95 71.58 56.37 69.7
Equity Dividend (%) 80 120 120 80 160
Book Value (Rs) 568.46 541.81 487.55 418.94 331.68

43
 CHAPTER -5
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND

CONCLUSIONS

44
 FINDINGS

 Total assets was added channeled in the year 2017 (25,240.66) to (38,831.54)

 From the assay it comes to apperceive that, the amount of appurtenances awash plays a above
allotment of absolute cost.

 Operating accumulation was added in the years 2013, because they did not accept any ascendancy
over the operating expenses.

 From the assay it comes to apperceive that the sales trend has accretion every year.

 From the abstraction it comes to apperceive that the aggregation is advancement the connected
basic trend.

 From the abstraction it comes to apperceive that absolute assets about-face arrangement
decreased in the years 2012 due to the acumen that the trend of sales is not commensurable to the
trend of absolute assets

45
 SUGGESTIONS
1. The aggregation has to advance the authoritative costs and affairs & administration costs in
a connected manner, irrespective of changes in sales volume.
2. The aggregation should advance the abandoned funds in the bankable balance to acquire top
allotment on the investments.

3. Manufacturing costs are to be controlled to access the gross profit.

4. The aggregation has to abate the abiding debt to advance the profitability.

5. The aggregation has to advance the ascendancy over operating costs in adjustment to access
the profitability.

6. The aggregation has to apply on advancement the trend of the sales commensurable to the
trend of absolute assets to access the assets about-face ratio.

7. The capricious allocation of the affairs and administration expenses, which are controllable,
can be reduced, to abatement the operating costs and increases the operating profit.

46
 CONCLUSIONS

Liquidity is an aspect that signifies the accommodation to accommodated banking obligations as

and if required. The accent of clamminess to accommodated the accepted obligations as and if they
become due for transaction can hardly be over emphasized.

A close should advance able akin of alive basic to accommodated the accepted obligations and
advance business operations.

The able administration of alive basic requires both medium-term planning and actual reactions to
the fast changes demography in the present business environment.

Working basic administration is the anatomic breadth of accounts that covers all the accepted
accounts of the firm. It is anxious with the capability of accepted assets as able-bodied the akin of
accident airish by accepted liabilities.

Efficient administration of aggregation clamminess provides amicableness about the aggregation as

able-bodied as success of the company.

INDIA CEMENTSLimited awful maintained able clamminess and advantage standard. As a

aftereffect their advance amount of its anchored assets during the abstraction

47
 BIBLOGRAPHY
Author : I.M. PANDEY

Title of the book : Financial Management

Publisher : Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

Edition : Ninth Edition

Author : Prasanna Chandra

Title of the book : Financial Management

Publisher : Tata McGraw-Hill Co. Ltd.

Edition : Seventh Edition

Author : I.M. PANDEY

Title of the book : Financial Management

Publisher : Tata McGraw-Hill Co. Ltd.

Edition : Fourth Edition

References

 Financial Decision Making Concepts, Problems and Cases, 4th edition-John J Hampton
 An introduction to effective working capital (liquidity) management, Michael Lembach.

 Annual reports of INDIA CEMENTSPvt Ltd.

48