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Rigid Pavement Design Using Recycled Asphaltic Materials

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 Sindh Univ. Res. Jour. (Sci. Ser.) Vol. 48 (2) 399-406 (2016)

SINDH UNIVERSITYRESEARCH JOURNAL(SCIENCE SERIES)

Rigid Pavement Design Using Recycled Asphaltic Materials

N. A. MEMON, D. HASSAN*. A. PATHAN*

Department of Civil Engineering MUET, Jamshoro

Received 5thJune 2015 and Revised 29thJanuary 2016

Abstract: Since many years a continuous increment in the cost of natural aggregates is observed throughout the world. Among the
rigid and flexible pavements the Flexible frequently fail before their life span because of less strength. Although the life span of the
Concrete Pavements is double, the maintenance cost is 75% less than that of the asphaltic in addition they have durability against
failures. But the only drawback for the adaptation of Rigid Pavements is its initial cost. The major ingredient of both of the pavements
is the Aggregate. From decays the research is being going on to reduce the initial cost of the Concrete Pavements. This Paper
demonstrates the outcome of an experimental study which was conducted on Recycled Aggregates Concrete. Three different material
samples such as Virgin aggregates, Extracted aggregates (EA) and replacement of fresh aggregates with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%,
50%, 75% and 100% of the Reclaimed Asphaltic Pavement (RAP) were used. These were tested for compressive and tensile strengths
after curing period of 7, 14 21, 28 Days and compared to the fresh material’s strength. All the samples gave good result even after
curing period of 28 Days, 100% RAP had 64% of virgin material’s strength.

Keywords: Rigid Pavement, Reclaimed Asphaltic Pavement (RAP), Recycled Aggregates Concrete (RAC), Extracted aggregates,
Compressive and Tensile Strengths.

1. INTRODUCTION spacing of dowel bars, introducing various mix designs

Historically, pavements have been divided into two but the best and most effective technique is the
broad categories, rigid and flexible. There is one major introduction of the recycled aggregates at the place of
difference between concrete and asphalt road surfaces. the virgin’s in the concrete pavements (Bakash,
Concrete pavement is a rigid structure and asphalt is a et al., (2012).
flexible structure. These classical definitions, in some
cases, are an over-simplification. However, the terms A summary of the experimental and the research
rigid and flexible provide a good description of how the work by the various investigators or scientists is
pavements react to traffic loads and the environment. described here; At Iowa in 1976 a two lift concrete
The flexible pavement is an asphalt pavement. It pavement was constructed (Bergren and Britson 1977).
generally consists of a surface of asphalt built over a The top lift was constructed by virgin materials and
base course and sub base course. Base and subbase having thickness of 4-in. The bottom lift having
courses are usually gravel or stone. These layers rest thickness of 7-in was made up of the recycled
upon a compacted subgrade (compacted soil). In aggregates having 25% of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
contrast, rigid highway pavements are made up of (RAP) which was obtained from the existing pavement
Portland cement concrete and have only a base course (Amirkhanian). It was actually an experimental
between the pavement and sub grade(Jain, et al.,2004). pavement. The main aim was to determine the
behaviour of the RAP in concrete pavements. The
1.1 Use of Recycled Materials experimental studies on this pavement encouraged the
The first concrete pavement was constructed in utilization of the RAP in the Cemented roads
Washington which had the thickness of 6 inches and it (Fergus 1980).
was in the shape of 6 feet wide square sections. After The Austrian Highway Authority constructed some
that in 1950 Continuous Reinforced Concrete Pavement test sections in 1991 and 1993 with 10% of the RAP.
(CRCP) was introduced by Bureau of Public Upto date no any ill effects was found in these sections.
Roads(Pasko 1998). The cost of construction of the Later on Sommer (1994) published a report on the test
rigid pavements is very high as compared to the sections constructed by Austrian Highway Authority.
asphaltic pavements in order to reduce its cost; the On the basis of this broad experimental research Current
engineers/researchers are experimenting from more than Austrian construction specifications allow up to 20%
3 decays. Various techniques have been used in the past RAP in the bottom lift of two-lift concrete pavements
like changing the dowel bars, changing position and (Brand, et al., 2009).)...
++
Corresponding author: [email protected]
*Civil Engineer and MS Student USPCAS-W MUET, Jamshoro
N. A. MEMON et al. 400

Delwar (1997) investigated a number of mixtures conducted on some of the mixes. The stress ratio
with varying percent replacements of coarse and fine required to achieve at least one million cycles to fatigue
RAP (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) and two water-cement failure was approximately 10% lower with the inclusion
(w/c) ratios (0.4 and 0.5) the results that up to 20% of of 90% RAP into the concrete(Mathias, 2004).
RAP can be used in the concrete pavements and the
high contents of RAP (more than 20%) is suitable for Huang examined the fine and coarse replacements of
only non-pavement applications such as sidewalks, RAP with 0, 10, 30, 50 and 100% percentages. In some
barriers, and gutters(Delwar, and Fahmy . 1997). of the mixtures cement was also replaced with silica
fume up to 0, 10, and 20%. It was found that lower
In the same year, the Kansas Department of the percentages of RAP higher the slump, higher
Transportation constructed numerous doweled twolift the percentages of RAP lower the slump. The addition
concrete test sections, one of which contained 15% RAP of silica fume resulted in a nearly zero slump.
(Wojakowski 1998). In 2009 these test sections were (Huang, 2006).
examined, and it was found that the RAP section had a
load transfer efficiency of 85% (Brand, et al., 2009).). Hossiney (2008) experimented on 0, 10, 20, and
40% RAP replacements with both coarse and fine. The
A follow-up study by (Gillen, Brand .) reported that slump and unit weight both decreased with increasing
adding coarse RAP to the concrete was acceptable up to RAP replacement, but the air content change was
a replacement content of 40 to 50%. The strength of variable, with increased air content at higher RAP
RAP concrete could also be improved by reducing the contents. In general, the addition of RAP resulted in a
water-cement ratio. At RAP contents greater than 40- decrease in the modulus of elasticity, compressive
50% in air-entrained concrete, the concrete was reported strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength. The
to have insufficient strength and frost resistance for inclusion of RAP resulted in a reduction in free
adequate pavement performance, even at lower w/c shrinkage (Hossiney, and Tia.2006).).
ratios. The laboratory study investigated RAP
replacements of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The Al-Oraimi used 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of RAP at
compressive, splitting tensile, flexural strengths and the place of coarse aggregates with two different water
modulus of elastic decreased with an increase in coarse cement ratios (0.45 and 0.5). The compressive, flexural
RAP. In general, the frost resistance was reduced with strengths and the modulus of elasticity decreased with
an increase in RAP(Brand, et al., 2009).).. increment the percentage of RAP. However the author
recommended the usage of 20% of the RAP in the Rigid
Hassan (2000) constructed three test sections, first Pavement construction (Al-Oraimi, Hassan . 2009).
having 100% coarse RAP with fresh natural sand the
second test section composed of 100% coarse RAP and In 2010 Hossiney conducted his second
fine RAP and the third mix included 30% replacement experimental study and examined two RAP sources
of cement with fly ash and 100% coarse RAP. The with varying w/c ratios and cement contents. The result
section having both 100% fine and coarse RAP had the was same as of the previous study and in addition he
lowest compressive and flexural strength and greatest found that the effect of RAP on the free shrinkage and
porosity and oxygen permeability. The fly ash mix with coefficient of thermal expansion was variable (no clear
100% coarse RAP had similar compressive and flexural trend) (Hossiney, 2010)..).
strengths relative to the same mix without fly ash but
had lower porosity and oxygen permeability(Hassan, Okafor (2014) performed many experiments for the
and Brooks. 2000). comparison of the performance of the 100% coarse RAP
versus 100% virgin gravel aggregate. The impact
Mathias (2004) constructed many test sections crushing test showed the RAP more durable than the
composed of the surface and the bottom layer. Five fresh aggregates. Okafor concluded that the RAP
different percentages of RAP were examined: 0, 12.5, provides more resistance to impact loading than of
26, 51, and 90%. The temperature sensitivity was also virgin aggregate. The author also resulted that increment
taken into account during the compressive and tensile of the percentages of RAP may reduce the slump.
strength test by keeping the temperature at 40°C. The Additionally the author noted that failure in
results of this experimental study showed that the compression often resulted as the failure between the
compressive, splitting tensile strengths and elastic RAP-mortar interface with little aggregate crushing
modulus all decreased with increasing high percentages while the virgin aggregate often failed by aggregate
of RAP, and that as the amount of RAP in concrete crushing. The compressive strength of the RAP and
increased, the concrete properties became more virgin concretes did not differ as much once the strength
sensitive to temperature. Fatigue testing was also of the mortar approached the strength of the asphalt
Rigid Pavement Design Using Recycled................. 401

mortar bond between the RAP and cement matrix, different production requirements. The milling width
which was noted in a leaner concrete mix at a higher can be from one meter to a full lane and the milling
w/c ratio(Okafor). depth can be from 20 cm to 38 cm (8 to 15 in).
Alternative to cold milling is ripping and crushing
Bilodeau (2012).introduced RAP in steel fiber operations with earthmoving equipment, scarifiers, grid
reinforced roller compacted concrete (RCC). The rollers or rippers. In this research the RAP was obtained
hydraulic binder shares 12% of the weight of from Indus Highway (Near Indus River), Matli and
aggregates. The binder consists of limestone, fly ash, Hala.
slag and clinker. Three RAP percentages (0, 40, and 80)
were used and hydraulic-binder-treated RAP material 2.2 Extraction of RAP (AASHTO T 164 or ASTM
was also used which contained 5% binder. The binder- D2172)
treated RAP had the lowest compressive, splitting Basically this test is carried out for quantitative
tensile strengths and elastic modulus (Cuttell, and determination of asphalt cement in a bituminous paving
Snyder. 1997). mixture and addition in order to determine the
behaviour of the Extracted aggregates in Rigid
Bermel conducted a study with collaboration of Pavements. The RAP or paving mixture is extracted
Montana State University. He examined behaviour of with trichloroethylene and by using Petrol. The
RAP (both coarse and fine) through some special extracted aggregates were washed to remove fines
experiments differ from normal laboratory experiments. smaller than 75 µm and the remaining aggregates are
The coarse RAP percentage ranges from 25-100%, fine used for sieve analysis. To achieve the sufficient
RAP having 0-50%, water cement ratios were 0.35 and workability and representative sample Quartering was
0.45. The target mean strength requirements were 2000 carried out then the field sample warmed into
psi compressive after 7 days of effective curing, and microwave oven at 110°C for 24 hours. The Extraction
after 28 days were 3000 psi. In case of Flexural strength Machine Capacity is 1200 gm, asphalt cement content is
it was 500 psi at 28 days. The compressive and flexural obtained by subtracting the extracted aggregate mass
strengths, in general, decreased with increasing RAP from the original mass of the test sample.
content. Through statistical analysis, it was found that
the 7 day compressive strength was dependent on the The Mix Design 1:1.5:3 and Water Cement Ratio
coarse RAP content while the 28 day compressive (0.45) was used during this research because it was
strength was dependent on both the coarse and fine RAP recommended by various researchers as found in the
content. The fine RAP appeared to affect the strength literature review. Five concrete cubes and Cylinders
more than the coarse RAP, especially at 28 days. were cast for Virgin material, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%,
25%, 50%, 75%, 100% RAP Samples and Extracted
Literature review indicates that Recycled Portland Aggregates (EA) and these were inspected for
cement concrete has been profitably used all through the Compressive and Tensile strengths after curing period
world in the construction of concrete pavements, In case of 7, 14,21 and 28 Days.
of the unbound layers recycled aggregates gave a very
good result. In many of the European countries there is 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
a specification that demolition waste specially the 3.2 Compressive Strengths
aggregates must be recycled and utilized. The Britain By using virgin material (0% RAP) the compressive
has put an initiative and using 25 percent of recycled strength was found 3475 Psi with 5% RAP strength
aggregates in construction especially in pavements. In decreases 3.53% of the total and came 3352 Psi. In a
the United States, Concrete shares 67 percent of the similar way at 10% RAP strength was 3123 Psi, at 15%
weight of the demolition waste. But the only 5 percent RAP strength was 2772 Psi, at 20% RAP strength was
is recycled back and used again(Medani, Ziedan .). In 2454 Psi, at 25% RAP strength was 2099 Psi, at 50%
case of Pakistan the aggregates account half of the RAP strength was 1904 Psi, at 75% RAP strength was
weight of construction but a very less amount is 1799 Psi and by using 100% Recycled Materials
recycled and utilized. strength was 1684 Psi which was approximately 50% of
the fresh material’s strength. By using Extracted
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aggregates Ultimate Strength was 2215 Psi (64% of the
2.1 Collection of Recycled Asphaltic Material Virgin Aggregate’s). The results illustrated that the cube
The RAP may be obtained by pavement milling made up of virgin aggregates have higher strength than
with rotary drum cold milling machine or from a all those having RAP. This tendency was analysed very
ripping/crushing operation. Cold milling machines are closely and it can be explained as the concrete strength
available in various sizes and capacities (horse power). depends on the bonding between the cement and
A full line of milling machines is available to suit aggregates. The less compressive strength of concretes
N. A. MEMON et al. 402

cubes made from RAP aggregate was due to the

improper bond between cement and RAP because the RAP(%) VS Ultimate Strength (Psi)
surface of aggregates were already coated with the
4000
bitumenous layer. This argument was established by an Ultimate Strength (Psi)
3500
inspection of the failure surface of the broken cubes.

Compressive Strengths
The effect of the RAP on the compressive strength can 3000
be altered by proper heating and cleaning of the RAP 2500
before the manufacturing of concrete.(Fig.3).shows 2000
percentage of the recycled asphaltic material, maximum 1500
peak load at which crack appeared in concrete cubes 1000
and the Ultimate Strength after 7 Days of the effective
500
curing period which was obtained by dividing Max:
0
Peak Load with the x-sectional area of Concrete Cube.

10

15

20

25

50

75

Extracted
100

Materials
RAP(%) VS Ultimate Strength (Psi)
RAP (%)
4000
Ultimate Strength (Psi) Fig.2. Compressive Strength after 14 Days of Curing
3500
Compressive Strengths

3000
(Fig.3)shows the performance of Recycled material
after 21 days of curing period. By using fresh material
2500
ultimate strength is 3816 Psi (means 341 Psi increment
2000
due to curing of more 14 Days), at 5% of RAP ultimate
1500 strength was found 3627 psi, at 10% of RAP
1000 compressive strength increases to 3448 psi, cube having
500 15% of RAP gave ultimate strength 3340 psi, the 20%
0
RAP’s specimen had the strength of 3182 psi, at 25% of
the RAP ultimate strength was reached to 3024 psi and
10

15

20

25

50

75

Extracted
0

100

Materials

the specimen having 75, 100% Recycled Materials gave

RAP (%) Ultimate Strength 2183 and 1915 Psi respectively. At
the 100% RAP 231 Psi increment was observed in Past
Fig.1. Compressive Strength after 7 Days of Curing 7 Days of Curing. The test of compressive strength after
21 days of curing is also the evidence of the previous
(Fig.2).shows the performance of Recycled material argument that the concrete made up of RAP requires
after 14 days of curing period. By using fresh material more and effective curing period as compared to the
ultimate strength is 3665 Psi (means 195 Psi increment normal concrete.
due to curing of more 7 Days) by using 5% of RAP the
Ultimate Strength was 3457 Psi at 7 days of curing it RAP(%) VS Ultimate Strength (Psi)
was 3352 psi that illustrates that 105 Psi increment, at
4500
10% of RAP the Ultimate Strength was 3265 Psi (142 Ultimate Strength
Compressive Strengths

4000
Psi increment) , cube having 15% RAP the Ultimate 3500
Strength was increased to 142 Psi, at 20% of RAP the 3000
Ultimate Strength was 3059 Psi (606 psi increment just 2500
2000
curing of 7 more days), by using 25% of RAP a huge 1500
increment (911 psi) was observed and the Ultimate 1000
Strength was reached to 3010 Psi , cube made up of 500
50% RAP the Ultimate Strength was 2694 Psi (790 psi 0
Extracted
0

10

15

20

25

50

75

100

Materials

increment), at 75% of RAP the Ultimate Strength was

jumped to 1986 Psi because of the increment of 187 psi
and by using 100% Recycled Materials Ultimate RAP (%)
Strength is 1805 Psi (121 Psi increment in Past 7 Days Fig.3. Compressive Strength after 21 Days of Curing
of Curing). The concrete cubes made up of the
Extracted aggregates gave compressive strength 2375 After 14 Days of Curing Period at 0% RAP we
Psi (Having 160 psi increments). The trend of the rapid have Ultimate Strength 3875 Psi, at 5% RAP Ultimate
increment in the compressive strengths can be explained Strength is 3755 Psi (96% of the fresh material’s), at
as the concrete made up of RAP require more curing 10% RAP Ultimate Strength is 3683 Psi (95% of the
than that of conventional concrete. fresh material’s), at 15% RAP Ultimate Strength is 3466
Rigid Pavement Design Using Recycled................. 403

Psi (89% of the virgin), at 20% RAP Ultimate Strength Table-1 Comparison of the Compressive Strengths
is 3310 Psi (85% of the fresh aggregate’s), at 25% RAP
Ultimate Strength is 3029 Psi (78% of the fresh Compressive strength (psi)
material’s), at 50% RAP Ultimate Strength is 2918 Psi RAP (%) After 7- After 14- After 21- After 28-
Days Days Days Days
(75% of the fresh), at 75% RAP Ultimate Strength is
0 3475.1 3665.7 3816.8 3875
2700 Psi (70% of the fresh material), and by using
100% of the Recycled Aggregates the Ultimate Strength 5 3352.5 3456.9 3627.6 3755
is 2480 Psi (64% of the virgin aggregates). In a similar 10 3123.75 3265.3 3448 3683
way by using Extracted Aggregates Ultimate Strength is 15 2772.43 3248.8 3340.75 3466
2868 Psi (74% of the fresh aggregate’s) as shown in 20 2454.5 3059.6 3182.5 3310
(Fig-4). After the 28 Days of the curing period 100% 25 2099.1 3010.6 3024.6 3029
Recycled material’s sample gain 64% of the fresh 50 1904.5 2694.6 2770.375 2918
material’s strength which was only 49% after 7 Days of 75 1799 1986.1 2183 2700
curing of the fresh aggregate’s sample. It means that 100 1684.3 1805.5 1915.3 2480
Recycled Material requires more curing time than of Extracted
2215.4 2375 2685 2868
Materials
fresh material and after proper curing we can achieve
Target Mean Strength.
Comparison of the Compressive Strengths
RAP(%) VS Ultimate Strength (Psi) 5000

Compressive Strengths
4000
4500
Ultimate Strength (Psi) 3000
4000
Compressive Strengths

3500
2000
3000
2500 1000

2000
0
1500

Extracted
0

10

15

20

25

50

75

100

Materials
1000
RAP (%)
500 After 7-Days After 14-Days
0 After 21-Days After 28-Days
Fig.5. Comparison of the Compressive strengths
0

10

15

20

25

50

75

Extracted
100

Materials

RAP (%) 3.2 Tensile Strength

(Fig-5).Shows the Splitting Tensile Strength of
concrete cylinders after 7 Days of curing. At 0% RAP
Fig. 4. Compressive Strength after 28 Days of Curing The Splitting Tensile Strength is 421 Psi which is
1/9.5th of the Ultimate Strength, similarly at 5% RAP it
After seven days of curing at 0 % RAP the Ultimate decreases 6.3% and was 395 Psi, at 10%RAP Splitting
Strength was 3475 Psi, which was increased 190 psi Tensile Strength is 361 Psi which illustrates 8.6% of
after seven days of more curing then at 21 days of decrease, at 15%RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 343
curing it was found 3816 psi and the effective curing of Psi, by 7.5% of decrement at 20% RAP Splitting
28 days the strength was reached to 3875 psi it means Tensile Strength was found 371 Psi, at 25% RAP
400 psi increment in the ultimate strength in 21 days of Splitting Tensile Strength is 263 Psi, at 50% RAP
more curing. Similarly after seven days of curing at 100 Splitting Tensile Strength is 163 Psi, at 75% RAP
% RAP the Ultimate Strength was 1684 Psi, which was Splitting Tensile Strength is 151 Psi, at 100% RAP
increased 121 psi after seven days of more curing then Splitting Tensile Strength is 113 Psi (which is 27% of
at 21 days of curing it was found 1915 psi and the the fresh material’s) and by using Extracted Aggregates
effective curing of 28 days the strength was reached to Splitting Tensile Strength is 181 Psi (42% of the virgin
2480 psi it means 796 psi increment in the ultimate material’s). This test also demonstrates that the strength
strength in 21 days of more curing. On the basis of this of the concrete either it compressive, tensile or flexural
result one can observe that concrete containing RAP depends on the bond between aggregates and cementing
requires longer curing period as compared to the compound. The aggregates having the pores already
conventional concrete, if the proper curing is provided filled with any impervious mixture gives less strength.
then RAP can achieve more than 50% of the target In order to achieve the desires target mean strength the
mean strength. These results/comparisons are shown in bituminous coating should be removed by heating or
Table-1 and in the graphical form at (Fig-5). rinsing.
N. A. MEMON et al. 404

psi which is 14% of the total, similarly at 5% RAP it is

RAP(%) VS Splitting Tensile Strength(Psi)
450 455psi, after 7 days it was 395 Psi there is increment of
Splitting Tensile Strength(Psi) 60 psi which is 12.3% of the total, at 10%RAP Splitting
Splitting tensile strengths

400
350 Tensile Strength is 411 Psi which is 50 psi increment, at
300 15%RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 389 at 7 days it
250 was only 343 Psi, at 20% RAP Splitting Tensile
200 Strength is 429.7 Psi which was 371 Psi after 7 days, at
150 25% RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 337.7 Psi there is
100 increment of 74.7 Psi, at 50% RAP Splitting Tensile
50
Strength is 190 Psi which was after 7 days 163 Psi
0
means increment of 27 Psi, at 75% RAP Splitting
0

10

15

20

25

50

75

100
Extracted
Materials
Tensile Strength is 188 Psi after 7 days it was 151 Psi,
at 100% RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 149
RAP (%)
Fig.6.Tensile Strength after 7 Days of Curing
Psi(which is 30.6% of the fresh material’s) previously it
was 113 Psi (27% of the fresh) and by using Extracted
Fig-7 shows that after 14 days of curing at 0% RAP Aggregates Splitting Tensile Strength is 276 Psi (56%
the Splitting Tensile Strength is 444 Psi, at 7 days of of the virgin material’s) which is increased 94.7 Psi
curing it was only 421 psi so there is increment of 23 psi after 14 days of further curing.
which is 5.5% of the total, similarly at 5% RAP it is
RAP(%) VS Splitting Tensile Strength(Psi)
411psi, after 7 days it was 395 Psi there is increment of
16 psi which is 4% of the total, at 10%RAP Splitting 600
Splitting Tensile Strength(Psi)
Splitting tensile strengths
Tensile Strength is 385 Psi which is 24 psi increment, at 500
15%RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 368 at 7 days it
was only 343 Psi, at 20% RAP Splitting Tensile 400
Strength is 396 Psi which was 371 Psi after 7 days, at 300
25% RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 294 Psi there is
200
increment of 31 Psi, at 50% RAP Splitting Tensile
Strength is 190 Psi which was after 7 days 163 Psi 100
means increment of 27 Psi, at 75% RAP Splitting
0
Tensile Strength is 170.6 Psi after 7 days it was 151 Psi,
10

15

20

25

50

75

Extracted
0

100

Materials
at 100% RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 136
Psi(which is 30.6% of the fresh material’s) previously it
was 113 Psi (27% of the fresh) and by using Extracted
RAP (%)
Aggregates Splitting Tensile Strength is 220.5 Psi (42%
of the virgin material’s) which is increased 39.5 Psi Fig.8. Tensile Strength after 21 Days of Curing
after 7 days of further curing. The results show that the At 28 days of the effective curing period at 0% RAP
concrete made up of RAP requires more curing period the Splitting Tensile Strength was 548.8 Psi, at 7 days of
than the virgin aggregates concrete. By expanding the curing it was only 421 psi so there is increment of 127.8
effective concrete period we can approach towards the psi which is 23.3% of the total, similarly at 5% RAP it
designed strength. is 495.25psi, after 7 days it was 395 Psi there is
RAP(%) VS Splitting Tensile Strength (Psi) increment of 100.25 psi which is 18.3% of the total, at
500
Splitting Tensile Strength(Psi) 10%RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 453.3 Psi which
Splitting tensile strengths

400 is 92 psi increment, at 15%RAP Splitting Tensile

300 Strength is 432.7 at 7 days it was only 343 Psi, at 20%
RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 413 Psi which was
200
371 Psi after 7 days, at 25% RAP Splitting Tensile
100 Strength is 371 Psi there is increment of 76 Psi, at 50%
0
RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 275.6 Psi which was
after 7 days 163 Psi means increment of 112.6Psi, at
10

15

20

25

50

75
0

100
Extracte
d…

75% RAP Splitting Tensile Strength is 226 Psi after 7

RAP (%) days it was 151 Psi, at 100% RAP Splitting Tensile
Fig.7. Tensile Strength after 14 Days of Curing Strength is 192 Psi(which is 35% of the fresh
material’s) previously it was 113 Psi (27% of the fresh)
After 21 days of curing at 0% RAP the Splitting and by using Extracted Aggregates Splitting Tensile
Tensile Strength is 489 Psi as shown in Fig-8, at 7 days Strength is 306 Psi(56% of the virgin material’s) which
of curing it was only 421 psi so there is increment of 68 is increased 124.7 Psi after 21days of further curing.
Rigid Pavement Design Using Recycled................. 405

These results are also shown below in the graphical Comparison of the Splitting Tensile Strengths
form in(Fig-9). 600

Splitting tensile strengths

RAP(%) VS Splitting Tensile Strength (Psi) 500
600
400
Splitting tensile strengths

Splitting Tensile Strength(Psi)

500
300
400
200
300 100
200 0

100

Extracted Materials
10

15

20

25

50

75
100

0
RAP (%)
0

10

15

20

25

50

75

Extracted
100

Materials
After 7-Days After 14-Days
After 21-Days After 28-Days
RAP (%)

Fig. 9. Tensile Strength after 28 Days of Curing Fig.10. Comparison of the splitting tensile strengths

The comparison of the tensile strengths is shown in 4. CONCLUSIONS

(Table-2) and in graphical form in (Fig-10). After seven On the basis of the experimental study it was found
days of curing at 0 % RAP the Splitting Tensile that strength of concrete depends on the bond between
Strength was 421 Psi, which was increased 23 psi after cement and aggregates. RAP concrete have the
seven days of more curing then at 21 days of curing it compressive and tensile strengths less than that of virgin
was found 489 psi and the effective curing of 28 days concrete. The strength of the recycled material’s
the strength was reached to 548 psi it means 127 psi concrete can be increased by lowering the water cement
increment in the Splitting Tensile Strength in 21 days of ratio and by increasing the curing period. The results of
more curing. Similarly after seven days of curing at 100 this experimental study indicate that use of RAP as the
% RAP the Splitting Tensile Strength was 113Psi, replacement of the fresh aggregates in the Pavement
which was increased 136 psi after seven days of more Concrete appears to be not only feasible in terms of cost
curing then at 21 days of curing it was found 276 psi and strengths but also offers the possibility of improving
and the effective curing of 28 days the strength was the performance of the concrete pavement because of
reached to 192 psi it means 79 psi increment in the SPT higher toughness and the RAP can be used directly in
in 21 days of more curing. On the basis of this result the construction of middle and low strength concrete
one can observe that concrete containing RAP requires pavements.
longer curing period as compared to the conventional
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