Contributions in Petroleum Geology & Engineering (f)Volume2 fas
Mehdé Leanian®
8452003"
oaContributions in Petroleum Geology & Engineering
Series Editor: George V. Chilingar, University of Southern California
Volume 2:
Applied Open-Hole Log Analysis
Acknowledgments,
‘The author wishes to thank Schlumberger, Gearhart, Dresser Atlas, and
Welex for the use of their charts and examples.
Dedication
I wish to dedicate this work to:
First and foremost, the person who made it possible, Jannye Brock
The little person who made it almost impossible, Roxanne Brock.
‘The founders of this technology, Conrad and Marcel Schlumberger.
John and Dannye Bristow, and Louis and Carmen Scharfenstein.
Copyright > 1986 by Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, All rights reserved
Prin.’ the Canc: Sites of America. This book, or parts thereof, may not be
rep. 1-4 im any 4.-m without permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Brock, Juunes G., 1951-
Applied open-hale log analysis.
(Contributions in petroleum geology & engineering; 2)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index,
1. Oil well logging. J. Title. 1. Series
B764 1986 622". 18282, 85-30604
TS
ISBN 0-87201-638-2Contents
Preface .
1. The Petroleum Reservoir ..
Porosity. Permeability. Water Saturation. Summary.
2. The Basics of Resistivity ......
Resistivity. Porosity Determination. Conclusion.
ee 2
3. Spontaneous Potential ........
‘The SP Log. Electrokinetic Potential. Electrochemical Potential. Ry
from the SP. The Static SP (SSP). The Shape and Amplitude of the SP
Curve. Thick Beds. Thin Beds. Resistivity Contrasts. Hole Diameter. In-
vasion. Shaly Sands. Resistive Beds. Spurious Potentials,
4, Resistivity Logs . . settee eee eee 34
Normal Devices. Focused Tools. Theory of Measurement. Bed Thick-
ness. Induction Tools. Skin Effects. Borehole Signal. Effect of Bed
Thickness. Invasion Effects. Formation Factor and Water Saturation.
Calculating Water Saturation.
5. Sonic Logs ... sete AB
Theory of Propagation. Types of Sonic Measurements. Generating the
Sonic Signal. Signal Path in the Borehole. The Sonic Wavetrain. Sonic
Logs. Tool Design. The Wyllie Time-Average Equation. Shortcomings
of the Wyllie Time-Average. Shale Effects
6. Analyzing the Log .....
Defining the Bed Boundary. Pattern Recognition. Quick-Look ‘Tech-
niques. Determining R, from the SP. Determining the Value of R,. Deter-
mining Porosity. Calculating Formation Factor. Calculating S,. Conclu
sion. Summary,
Nuclear Logs ......++5+055 86
Nuclear Logging. Dual-Spaced Density Tools. Lost Pad Contact. Poros-
ity Determination. Shaly Formations. Fluid Effects. Neutron Logging.
‘The Gamma Log,