Life is a full circle, widening until it joins the circle

motions of the infinite

 What is Motion
Motion :- It is the change in position of a body with time. Motion can be
described in terms of the distance moved or the displacement.

Concept :- In physics, motion is a change in position of an object with

respect to time. Motion is typically described in terms
of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, time and speed. Motion
of a body is observed by attaching a frame of reference to an observer
and measuring the change in position of the body relative to that frame.

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 DISTANCE
Distance moved :- It is the actual length of the path travelled by a body.

Starting & Ending

Total Distance point
covered in ONE
LAP = 400m

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 DISPLACEMENT
Displacement :- It is the length of the shortest path travelled by a body
from its initial position to its final position.

Starting & ending

Total
point
displacement in
ONE LAP = 0

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 SPEED
Speed :- Speed of a body is the distance travelled by the body in unit
time.
Speed = Distance
Time
If a body travels a distance s in time t then its speed v is
v=s
t
The SI unit of speed is metre per second m/s or ms -1
Since speed has only magnitude it is a scalar quantity.
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 VELOCITY
The rate of motion of a body is more meaningful if we specify its direction of
motion along with speed. The quantity which specifies both the direction of
motion and speed is velocity.

Velocity :- Velocity of a body is the displacement of the body per unit time.
Velocity = Displacement
Time taken
Since velocity has both magnitude and direction, it is a vector quantity.

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 ACCELERATION
The quantity which specifies changes in velocity is acceleration.
Acceleration :- It is the change in velocity of a body per unit time. ( or
the rate of change of velocity.)
Acceleration = Change in velocity
Time
If the velocity of a body changes from initial value u to final value v in
time t, then acceleration a is
a =v - u

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t .The SI unit of acceleration is ms -2
8
 PLOTTING POINTS
We already know how to plot points on a graph. So let`s recall them. Suppose I
want to plot points (3, 4) on a graph, it will be as follows :-
Y
Points to plot (3, 4) 5 In this similar way, we can plot many other
X=3 4
3
points on a graph.
Y=4 2
1
X
0 1 2 3 4 5
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 GRAPHS AND ITS
TYPES
• A graph is a pictorial representation of observation. It consist of two
variables, one is independent variable and other is dependent variable.
• Independent variable is taken along X-axis and dependent variable is taken
along Y-axis.
• There are many types of graphs in physics, some of them are as follows :-
1. Distance time graph 2. Displacement time graph
3. Velocity time graph 4. Acceleration time graph
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 DISTANCE TIME
GRAPH
The change in the position of a body with time can be represented on
the distance time graph. In this graph distance is taken on the Y – axis
and time is taken on the X – axis. The distance time graph for uniform
speed is a straight line ( linear ).
This is because in uniform speed a body travels equal distances in equal
intervals of time. We can determine the speed of the body from the
distance – time graph.
They are used to find speed or velocity of body.
The slope of it gives speed of body.
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 There are 3–Types of distance time
graphs.
1. When body is at rest – It`s a straight line parallel to time axis.

t
2. When body is mpving with uniform speed – when the body is moving with uniform speed
the graph is a straight line making an angle with the time axis and the slope of this graph
is given by - slope = Y2 – Y1 / X2 – X1 which is equal to speed.

t
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3. When a body is moving with Non uniform speed – The body covers unequal
distances in equal intervals of time.

increasing
decreasing d
d speed
speed

t t

These curves are called parabola.

So, greater the angle, greater is the slope and greater is the speed

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 DISPLACEMENT TIME
GRAPH
It is a vector quantity and it`s slope gives velocity.
There are 3-Types of displacement time graph, they are as follows :-
1. When body is at rest -

s Slope of this graph is 0.

t
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2. Body moving with uniform speed -
A
B Where Q1 > Q2
s Q1 Velocity of A > Velocity of B
Q2
t

3. Body moving with variable/non uniform velocity -

velocity velocity
s increases s decreases

t t

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 VELOCITY TIME
GRAPH
For a body moving in straight line, without changing it`s direction, velocity of
body becomes equal to it`s speed.
The slope of velocity time graph gives acceleration of body.
The area under this graph gives the value of distance travelled.
There are 3 different cases of this graph, which we have discussed next -

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CASE - I
If the body is moving with constant speed.

v Slope = 0
Acceleration = ms - 2
t

Constant speed – If the body moves with constant velocity/speed then graph is straight
line parallel to time axis and slpoe and acceleration will be 0.

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CASE - II
When a body is moving with uniformly changing speed -
a.) If speed increases uniformly.

This slope is known as positive slope and slope gives

v
uniform acceleration.
t
b.) If speed is decreasing uniformly -

The graph is straight line slope downwards. Hence, the slope is

v
negative. The slope of this graph gives retardation.
t
Area in both cases (a & b) gives distance travelled by body.
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CASE - III
Non uniformly changing speed.
a.) If speed increases non uniformly.

The graph is a curve moving upward. The slope of tangent

v drawn at any point on curve is positive and is equal to
acceleration of body.
t
b.) If speed decreases non uniformly.

v The graph is a curve moving downwards and the slope of

tangent is negative and gives the value of retardation.
t
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 ACCELERATION TIME
GRAPH
The graph is as shown below - CASE - II
CASE - I For a body moving with uniform acceleration.
For a body at rest - slope = 0

a
-a t
V
slope = 0

t
In uniform acceleration the acceleration is constant and
Acceleration is 0 for a body at does not change and hence the graph is straight line
rest or when is moves with parallel to time axis.
uniform speed
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 EQUATIONS OF MOTION BY
GRAPHICAL METHOD
The motion of a body moving with uniform acceleration can be described
with the help of three equations called equations of motion.

The equations of motion are :- Where u - is the initial velocity

i) v = u + at v - is the final velocity
ii) s = ut + ½ at2 a - is acceleration
iii) 2as = v2 – u2 t - is the time
s - is the distance traveled

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 CIRCULAR
Uniform circular motion :-
MOTION
The motion of a body in a circular path is called circular motion.
If a body moves in a circular path with uniform
speed, its motion is called uniform circular motion.
Uniform circular motion is accelerated motion because in a circular motion a body
continuously changes its direction.
The circumference of a circle of radius r is given by 2πr. If a body takes time t to go once
around the circular path, then the velocity v is given by
v = 2πr
t

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Thanks for watchin
Name – Mridul Verma
Class – 9 – A
Roll No. - 10
©Mridul Verma
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