POZAR chapter 06 Microwave Resonators - Exercise 12 17/05/2019 17:29:28.

EXERCISE 6.12

[1] muPAD shows k in y''=-k*y is proportional to frequency

[2] Basic MATLAB example showing how to solve y''+abs(y)=0 y(0)=0 y(4)=-2
[3] MATLAB basic example, how to solve differential equation with parameter
[4] link to Reference [McKibben] Differential Equations with MATLAB, Mark McKibben Micah Webster, pg186.
[5] Mathworks help: Partial Differential Equations, PDE solver intro, link.

Where the solutions manual suggests to start with a function with shape E(x,y,z)=X(x)*Y(y)*Z(z) since the suggested X Y Z are actually fields, not
coordinates, let's instead use the following terms E(x,y,z)=Ex(x)*Ey(y)*Ez(z) .

SinceTM modes are assumed, both ̂ and ̂ components of E should be null.

I tried bvp4c with syntax sol = bvp4c(odefun,bcfun,solinit) but I could not find a way to feed the function bcfun in turn used to define such input
field of bvp4c with boundary conditions as parameters, and not as in-function constants defined figures only, as shown in the bvp4c intro example, that
then (the boundary conditions) have to be manually modified every time a boundary condition changes. How to use bvp4c basic example shown in [2].

MuPAD shows k in y''=-k*y proportional to frequency, but MuPAD doesn't supply the general solution expected from a symbolic ODE solver, details of steps
done to reach such conclusion of the limited usefulness of MuPAD in [1].

From [4]: X''(x)/X(x)=k has general solution C1*cos(n*x)+C2*sin(n*x) where k=-n^2

Actually the 3 ODEs that E ends up broken into when applying the wave equation ( ) are

Ex''/E='kx^2
Ex''/E='kx^2
Ex''/E='kx^2

where Ex is the 'phasor' of the E(x,y,z,t). The PDE that includes the time domain is already solved in [5].

To cover the 'gap' between the defition of the cavity and the assumptions

 E(x,y,z)=X(x)*Y(y)*Z(z)
 TM only, and
 Ex(x)=A*cos(kx*x)+B*sin(kx*x)
 Ex(0)=Ex(a)=0 then Ex=A*cos(kx*x), perfect conductor
 filler dielectric ignored

all assumed in the solutions manual, and to, once those 3 separate single variable PDEs solved, to get from kx ky kz to

k^2=kx^2+ky^2+kz^2 = (m*pi/a)^2+(n*pi/b)^2+(p*pi/d)^2

I recommend to use the Partial Differential Equation Toolbox. No MATLAB code supplied for this answer.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix [email protected] attached: -- 1/6
POZAR chapter 06 Microwave Resonators - Exercise 12 17/05/2019 17:29:28.

[1] muPAD shows k in y''=-k*y is proportional to frequency

No way to have MuPAD supplying the general solution A*cos(n*x)+B*sin(n*x), yet, although MuPAD plot does not refine the plot step, yet when frequency
increases, alias corrupts the output plot, it's shown that as expected, with increasing k (wave number), decreasing wavelength, the frequency increases.
MuPAD uses red font colour for MuPAD code, their marketing department hasn't thought it through (!?)

o:=ode(y''(x)=-n^2*x,y(x))
solve(o)

o2:=ode(y''(x)=-k*x,y(x))
solve(o2)

o3:=ode({y''(x)=-k*x,y(0)=0,y(a)=0},y(x))
solve(o3)

ode::solve(y''(x)=-k*x,y(x))

solve(o2,Type=ExactSecondOrder)

ode::solve(y''(x)=-k*x,y(x),Type=ExactSecondOrder)
o4:=ode({y''(x)=-k*y(x),y(0)=0,y(a)=0},y(x))
solve(o4)

solve(o4,Type=ExactSecondOrder) Warning: Cannot detect the exact second-

order ODE. [ode::exact_second_order]
f1=solve(o4)

the attempts to obtain a plot with unknown a do not render any graph:

f:=(t,Y)->[Y[2],-a*Y[1]]:Y0:=[1,0]:
G1:=(t,Y)->[t,Y[1]]:
G2:=(t,Y)->[t,Y[1]^8/8+Y[2]^2/2]:
G2:=(t,Y)->[t,Y[1]^2/2+Y[2]^2/2]:
G3:=(t,Y)->[t,Y[1]^8/8+Y[2]^2/2]:
p := plot::Ode2d(f, [i/2 $ i = 0..40], Y0,
[G1, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Red],
[G1, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G2, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Blue],
[G2, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G3, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Green],
[G3, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
PointSize = 1.5*unit::mm,
LineWidth = 0.2*unit::mm
):

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix [email protected] attached: -- 2/6
POZAR chapter 06 Microwave Resonators - Exercise 12 17/05/2019 17:29:28.

now assign k=1

f := (t, Y) -> [Y[2], - Y[1]^7]:

Y0 := [1, 0]:
G1 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]]:
G2 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]^2/2 + Y[2]^2/2]:
G3 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]^8/8 + Y[2]^2/2]:
p := plot::Ode2d(f, [i/2 $ i = 0..40], Y0,
[G1, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Red],
[G1, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G2, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Blue],
[G2, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G3, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Green],
[G3, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
PointSize = 1.5*unit::mm,
LineWidth = 0.2*unit::mm
):
plot(p):

with k=0.5

f3 := (t, Y) -> [Y[2], - 0.5*Y[1]]:

Y0 := [1, 0]:
G1 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]]:
G2 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]^2/2 + Y[2]^2/2]:
G3 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]^8/8 + Y[2]^2/2]:
p3 := plot::Ode2d(f3, [i/2 $ i = 0..40], Y0,
[G1, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Red],
[G1, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G2, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Blue],
[G2, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G3, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Green],
[G3, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
PointSize = 1.5*unit::mm,
LineWidth = 0.2*unit::mm
):
plot(p3):

f4 := (t, Y) -> [Y[2], - 0.9*Y[1]]:

Y0 := [1, 0]:
G1 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]]:
G2 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]^2/2 + Y[2]^2/2]:
G3 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]^8/8 + Y[2]^2/2]:
p4 := plot::Ode2d(f4, [i/2 $ i = 0..40], Y0,
[G1, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Red],
[G1, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G2, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Blue],
[G2, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G3, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Green],
[G3, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
PointSize = 1.5*unit::mm,
LineWidth = 0.2*unit::mm
):
plot(p4):

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix [email protected] attached: -- 3/6
POZAR chapter 06 Microwave Resonators - Exercise 12 17/05/2019 17:29:28.

f5 := (t, Y) -> [Y[2], - 1.5*Y[1]]:

Y0 := [1, 0]:
G1 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]]:
G2 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]^2/2 + Y[2]^2/2]:
G3 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]^8/8 + Y[2]^2/2]:
p5 := plot::Ode2d(f5, [i/2 $ i = 0..40], Y0,
[G1, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Red],
[G1, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G2, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Blue],
[G2, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G3, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Green],
[G3, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
PointSize = 1.5*unit::mm,
LineWidth = 0.2*unit::mm
):
plot(p5):

f6 := (t, Y) -> [Y[2], - 16*Y[1]]:

Y0 := [1, 0]:
G1 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]]:
G2 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]^2/2 + Y[2]^2/2]:
G3 := (t, Y) -> [t, Y[1]^8/8 + Y[2]^2/2]:
p6 := plot::Ode2d(f6, [i/2 $ i = 0..40], Y0,
[G1, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Red],
[G1, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G2, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Blue],
[G2, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
[G3, Style = Lines, Color = RGB::Green],
[G3, Style = Points, Color = RGB::Black],
PointSize = 1.5*unit::mm,
LineWidth = 0.2*unit::mm
):

plot(p6):

So, although MuPAD points on the right direction, for y''=-k*y it does not supply the expected A*cos(sqrt(k)*x)+B*sin(sqrt(k)*x) expected solution.
However, for k then the oscillating behaviour is hinted with

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix [email protected] attached: -- 4/6
POZAR chapter 06 Microwave Resonators - Exercise 12 17/05/2019 17:29:28.

[2] Basic MATLAB example showing how to solve y''+abs(y)=0 y(0)=0 y(4)=-2

clear all;close all;clc

x01=0 % define x range

x02=4

dx=100 % define x resolution

% function dydx = twoode(x,y)

% define differential equation
% dydx = [ y(2); -abs(y(1)) ];

% function res = twobc(ya,yb)

% define boundary conditions
% res = [ ya(1); yb(1) + 2 ];

% define y boundary conditions

y01=0 % y(x01)=y01
y02=0 % y(x02)=y02

% build initial conditions input for bvp4c

solinit1 = bvpinit(linspace(x01,x02,dx),[1 0]);
% solinit = bvpinit(x,yinit,parameters)
% solves for y(x) with boundary condition y(x0)=y0

% solve
sol1 = bvp4c(@twoode,@twobc,solinit1);

% deliver
x = linspace(x01,x02,dx)
y1 = deval(sol1,x);
figure(1);plot(x,y1(1,:));grid on
xlabel('x');ylabel('y')

% 2nd solution
solinit2 = bvpinit(linspace(x01,x02,dx),[-1 0]);
sol2 = bvp4c(@twoode,@twobc,solinit2);
x = linspace(x01,x02,dx);
y2 = deval(sol2,x);
figure(2);plot(x,y2(1,:));grid on
xlabel('x');ylabel('y')

function dydx = twoode(x,y) function res = twobc(ya,yb)

dydx = [ y(2); -abs(y(1)) ]; res = [ ya(1); yb(1)+2 ];
%
% function res = twobc(ya,yb,y01,y02)
% res = [ ya(1)-y01; yb(1)-y02 ];

[3] Basic MATLAB example, how to solve differential equation with parameter

equation: y''+(lambda-2*q*cos(2*x))*y=0
boundary: y(0)=1 y'(0)=0 y'(pi)=0

either place the following along with the 3 support functions in a single file with function header containing all support functions, or define the support
functions in same folder as the following lines.

lambda = 15;
solinit = bvpinit(linspace(0,pi,10),@mat4init,lambda);
sol = bvp4c(@mat4ode,@mat4bc,solinit);
fprintf('The fourth eigenvalue is approximately %7.3f.\n', sol.parameters)
xint = linspace(0,pi);
Sxint = deval(sol,xint);
plot(xint,Sxint(1,:))
axis([0 pi -1 1.1])
title('Eigenfunction of Mathieu''s equation.')
xlabel('x')
ylabel('solution y')

function dydx = mat4ode(x,y,lambda) function res = mat4bc(ya,yb,lambda)

q = 5; res = [ ya(2)
dydx = [ y(2) yb(2)
-(lambda - 2*q*cos(2*x))*y(1) ] ya(1)-1 ];

function yinit = mat4init(x)

yinit = [ cos(4*x)
-4*sin(4*x) ];

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix [email protected] attached: -- 5/6
POZAR chapter 06 Microwave Resonators - Exercise 12 17/05/2019 17:29:28.

[4] Reference: [McKibben] Differential Equations with MATLAB, Mark McKibben Micah Webster, pg186:

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Differential-Equations-MATLAB-Exploration-Applications-
ebook/dp/B00NFODJAQ/ref=sr_1_fkmrnull_1?keywords=mckibben+matlab+differential+equations&qid=1558098889&s=gateway&sr=8-1-fkmrnull

[5]

https://uk.mathworks.com/help/matlab/math/partial-differential-equations.html?s_tid=srchtitle

Where is the whole collection of exercises?

This exercise is part of the collection of exercises Microwave Engineering POZAR 4th ed solved with MATLAB available in this website:
https://jgb2012.wixsite.com/microwave-eng-matlab

How can one get the main literature reference?

For instance from:

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Microwave-Engineering-David-M-Pozar/dp/0470631554

What about the solutions manual?

It's freely available https://www.scribd.com/doc/176505749/Microwave-engineering-pozar-4th-Ed-solutions-manual

For educational purposes only: https://www.copyrightuser.org/understand/exceptions/education/

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix [email protected] attached: -- 6/6