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Class 8th Chapter 10 Solution

The document discusses adolescent development and puberty. It defines adolescence as the period from ages 11-19 when the body undergoes changes to reach reproductive maturity. It describes some key changes like menstruation in girls and voice deepening in boys. It also discusses the roles of hormones and endocrine glands in directing pubertal development and secondary sex characteristics. Graphs are presented showing differences in height increases between boys and girls during adolescence.

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232 views

Class 8th Chapter 10 Solution

The document discusses adolescent development and puberty. It defines adolescence as the period from ages 11-19 when the body undergoes changes to reach reproductive maturity. It describes some key changes like menstruation in girls and voice deepening in boys. It also discusses the roles of hormones and endocrine glands in directing pubertal development and secondary sex characteristics. Graphs are presented showing differences in height increases between boys and girls during adolescence.

Uploaded by

vivekg125
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CBSE

Class–VIII Science
NCERT SOLUTION
Chapter-10
Reaching the age of Adolescence

1. What is the term used for secretions of endocrine glands responsible for changes
taking place in the body?

Ans. The term used for secretion of endocrine glands is hormones, which is responsible for
various changes taking place in the body.

2. Define adolescence.

Ans. Adolescence is the period of life, when the body undergoes changes, leading to
reproductive maturity. It begins around the age of 11 and lasts till 18 or 19 years of age. The
period of adolescence may vary from person to person.

3. What is menstruation? Explain.

Ans. Menstruation is the process of the shedding of the uterine lining on a regular monthly
basis in woman. During menstruation the uterus wall along with blood vessels break off.
This causes blood to come out and a new wall of uterus is formed.Menstruation lasts
generally lasts for 4 to 5 days.

4. List changes in the body that take place at puberty.

Ans. The onset of puberty brings about:

Growth of the reproductive organs which begin to function.


Hair growth at various places of the body. Breasts develop in girls and facial hairs
appear in boys.
Voice of the boys becomes hoarse as voice box enlarges during adolescence.

5. Prepare a table having two columns depicting names of endocrine glands and

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hormones secreted by them.

Ans.

Name of Endocrine Gland Hormones Secreted

Testis Testosterone

Ovary Estrogen

Adrenal Adrenaline

Thyroid Gland Thyroxin

Pituitary Gland FSH

Pancreas Insulin

6. What are sex hormones? Why are they named so? State their function.

Ans. Sex hormones are the hormones that control the development of secondary sexual
characteristics and also regulate the proper functioning of the sex organs. They are named so
because they are produced in both males and females by the respective sex organs under the
influence of the pituitary gland.

Functions of sex hormones:

Testosterone: This hormone brings about secondary sex characters in boys such as
the growth of a beard, the voice becoming hoarse, development of reproductive
organs, etc.
Oestrogen: This hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual
characters in females such as the enlargement of breasts, development of female
reproductive organs, etc.

7. Choose the correct option.

(a) Adolescents should be careful about what they eat, because


(i) Proper diet develops their brains.
(ii) Proper diet is needed for the rapid growth taking place in their body.

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(iii) Adolescents feel hungry all the time.
(iv) Taste buds are well developed in teenagers.

(b) Reproductive age in women starts when their


(i) Menstruation start.
(ii) Breast start developing
(iii) Body weight increases
(iv) Height increases.

(c) The right meal for adolescents consist of


(i) Chips, noodles, coke.
(ii) Chapatti, dal, vegetables.
(iii) Rice, noodles and burger.
(iv) Vegetables cutlets, chips and lemon drink.

Ans. (a) (ii) Proper diet is needed for the rapid growth taking place in their body.

(b) (i) menstruation starts.

(c) (ii) Chapatti, dal, vegetables.

8. Write notes on-

(a) Adam’s apple.

(b) Secondary sexual charecters.

(c) Sex determination in unborn baby.

Ans. (a) Adam’s apple- At puberty, the voice box or the larynx begins to grow. The growing
voice box in boys can be seen a protruding part of the throat called Adam’s apple.

(b) Secondary sexual characters- Those changes that take place at puberty in boys and girls
are called secondary sexual characters. In includes increase in size of breast in girls and
pubic hairs around genital organ in girls. In boys facial hair and cracking of voice are
secondary sexual features.

(c) Sex determination in the unborn baby- Human beings have 23 pairs of chromosome. One

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pair of male (XY) and one pair of chromosome in female (XX) are called sex chromosome.
Male produce two types of gametes half containing X chromosome and half containing Y
chromosome. When the sperm containing Y chromosome fuse with egg the sex of baby is
male and when X chromosome containing sperm fertilse the egg the sex of baby is female.

9. Word game: use the clues to work out the words.

Across

3. Protruding voice box in boys

4. Glands without ducts

7. Endocrine gland attached to brain

8. Secretion of endocrine glands

9. Pancreatic hormone

10. Female hormone

Down

1. Male hormone

2. Secretes thyroxin

3. Another term for teenage

5. Hormone reaches here through blood stream

7. Term for changes at adolescence

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Ans.

10. The table below shows the data on likely height of boys and girls as they grow in age.
Draw graphs showing height and age for both boys and girls on the same graph paper.
What conclusions can be drawn from these graphs?

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Ans.

The graph depicts the relation between the age and height of both boys and girls. During
puberty, there is a sudden increase in height of both boys and girls. On the basis of the above
graph, it can be observed that during the age of 48 years, girls have less height as compared
to boys. However, as soon as girls reach 12 to13 years, their height shows a sudden increase
and becomes more than boys. In later years, growth in both sexes becomes stable. Growth
during puberty is under the control of hormones.

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