Chapter 14
Chapter 14
2. The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction 2BrF5(g) Br2(g) + 5F2(g) is
A. Kc =[Br2] [F2]/[BrF5]
B. Kc = [Br2] [F2]5/[BrF5]2
C. Kc = [Br2] [F2]2/[BrF5]5
D. Kc = [BrF5]2/[Br2][F2]5
E. Kc = 2[BrF5]2/([Br2] 5[F2]5)
4. Consider the two gaseous equilibria
The values of the equilibrium constants K1 and K2 are related by
A. K2 = K12
B. K22 = K1
C. K2 = 1/K12
D. K2 = 1/K1
E. none of these
6. The equilibrium constant for the reaction Ni(s) + 4CO(g) Ni(CO)4(g) is 5.0 104 at 25ºC. What is the
equilibrium constant for the reaction Ni(CO)4(g) Ni(s) + 4CO(g)?
A. 2.0 105
B. 2.5 109
C. 5.0 104
D. 5.0 104
E. 2.0 103
8. The following reactions occur at 500 K. Arrange them in order of increasing tendency to proceed to
completion (least completion greatest completion).
A. 2 < 1 < 3 < 4
B. 3 < 1 < 4 < 2
C. 3 < 4 < 1 < 2
D. 4 < 3 < 2 < 1
E. 4 < 3 < 1 < 2
A. 2.1 102
B. 1.7 103
C. 0.70
D. 1.2
E. 3.8 104
12. 2.50 mol NOCl was placed in a 2.50 L reaction vessel at 400ºC. After equilibrium was established, it was
found that 28% of the NOCl had dissociated according to the equation 2NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g).
Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction.
A. 0.021
B. 0.039
C. 0.169
D. 26
E. 47
A. 0.060
B. 5.1
C. 17
D. 19
E. 25
16. Calculate Kc for the reaction 2HI(g) H2(g) + I2(g) given that the concentrations of each species at
equilibrium are as follows:
[HI] = 0.85 mol/L, [I2] = 0.60 mol/L, [H2] = 0.27 mol/L.
A. 5.25
B. 0.22
C. 4.5
D. 0.19
E. 1.6 102
18. Kp for the reaction of SO2(g) with O2 to produce SO3(g) is 3 1024 . Calculate Kc for this equilibrium at
25ºC. (The relevant reaction is 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g).)
A. 3 1024
B. 5 1021
C. 2 1020
D. 5 1022
E. 7 1025
A. 3.2 M
B. 3.5 M
C. 4.5 M
D. 7.1 M
E. none of these
A. 1.0 104 M
B. 1.0 102 M
C. 2.8 101 M
D. 2.4 102 M
E. 1.6 103 M
24. Consider the reaction N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g), for which Kc = 0.10 at 2,000ºC. Starting with initial
concentrations of 0.040 M of N2 and 0.040 M of O2, determine the equilibrium concentration of NO.
A. 5.4 103 M
B. 0.0096 M
C. 0.011 M
D. 0.080 M
E. 0.10 M
A. 0.275 M
B. 0.138 M
C. 0.0275 M
D. 0.0550 M
E. 0.220 M
28. Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3(s), can be prepared by heating sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3(s).
2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) Kp = 0.23 at 100ºC
If a sample of NaHCO3 is placed in an evacuated flask and allowed to achieve equilibrium at 100ºC, what
will the total gas pressure be?
A. 0.46 atm
B. 0.96 atm
C. 0.23 atm
D. 0.48 atm
E. 0.11 atm
30. 15.00 g of solid ammonium hydrogen sulfide is introduced into a 500.mL flask at 25C, the flask is sealed,
and the system is allowed to reach equilibrium. What is the partial pressure of ammonia in this flask if Kp
= 0.108 at 25C for NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S (g)?
A. 0.657 atm
B. 1.25 atm
C. 0.329 atm
D. 14.4 atm
E. 2.50 atm
32. Consider the following reactions and their associated equilibrium constants:
For the reaction A + 2B D + E, having equilibrium constant Kc,
A. Kc = K1 + K2
B. Kc = K1/K2
C. Kc = K1 K2
D. Kc = (K1)(K2)
E. Kc = K2/K1
Is the mixture at equilibrium? If not at equilibrium, in which direction (as the equation is written), left to
right or right to left, will the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium?
A. Yes, the mixture is at equilibrium.
B. No, left to right
C. No, right to left
D. There is not enough information to be able to predict the direction.
A. The system is at equilibrium, thus no concentration changes will occur.
B. The concentrations of HI and I2 will increase as the system approaches equilibrium.
C. The concentration of HI will increase as the system approaches equilibrium.
D. The concentrations of H2 and HI will fall as the system moves toward equilibrium.
E. The concentrations of H2 and I2 will increase as the system approaches equilibrium.
38. For the following reaction at equilibrium, which choice gives a change that will shift the position of
equilibrium to favor formation of more products?
2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br2(g), Hºrxn = 30 kJ/mol
A. Increase the total pressure by decreasing the volume.
B. Add more NO.
C. Remove Br2.
D. Lower the temperature.
E. Remove NOBr selectively.
40. For the following reaction at equilibrium in a reaction vessel, which one of these changes would cause the
Br2 concentration to decrease?
2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br2(g), Hºrxn= 30 kJ/mol
A. Increase the temperature.
B. Remove some NO.
C. Add more NOBr.
D. Compress the gas mixture into a smaller volume.
A. Decrease the temperature.
B. Add SO2 gas.
C. Remove O2 gas.
D. Add a catalyst.
E. none of these
A. shift to the right.
B. shift to the left.
C. not shift.
D. The question cannot be answered because the equilibrium constant is not given.
A. low temperatures and low pressures.
B. high temperatures and low pressures.
C. low temperatures and high pressures.
D. high temperatures and high pressures.
48. Consider this gas phase equilibrium system:
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) Hºrxn = +87.8 kJ/mol.
Which of these statements is false?
A. Increasing the system volume shifts the equilibrium to the right.
B. Increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right.
C. A catalyst speeds up the approach to equilibrium and shifts the position of equilibrium to the right.
D. Decreasing the total pressure of the system shifts the equilibrium to the right.
E. Increasing the temperature causes the equilibrium constant to increase.
50. Consider this reaction at equilibrium:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g), Hºrxn = 198 kJ/mol
If the volume of the system is compressed at constant temperature, what change will occur in the position
of the equilibrium?
A. a shift to produce more SO2
B. a shift to produce more O2
C. no change
D. a shift to produce more SO3
51. Consider this reaction at equilibrium at a total pressure P1:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
Suppose the volume of this system is compressed to onehalf its initial volume and then equilibrium is
reestablished. The new equilibrium total pressure will be
A. twice P1.
B. three times P1.
C. 3.5 P1.
D. less than twice P1.
E. unchanged.
What concentration of NOCl must be put into an empty 4.00 L reaction vessel in order that the equilibrium
concentration of NOCl be 1.00 M?
A. 1.26 M
B. 2.25 M
C. 2.50 M
D. 3.52 M
E. 11.0 M
54. When the substances in the equation below are at equilibrium, at pressure P and temperature T, the
equilibrium can be shifted to favor the products by
CuO(s) + H2(g) H2O(g) + Cu(s) Hºrxn = 2.0 kJ/mol
A. increasing the pressure by means of a moving piston at constant T.
B. increasing the pressure by adding an inert gas such as nitrogen.
C. decreasing the temperature.
D. allowing some gases to escape at constant P and T.
E. adding a catalyst.
56. 50.0 g of N2O4 is introduced into an evacuated 2.00 L vessel and allowed to come to equilibrium with its
decomposition product, N2O4(g) 2NO2(g). For this reaction Kc = 0.133. Once the system has reached
equilibrium, 5.00 g of NO2 is injected into the vessel, and the system is allowed to equilibrate once again.
Calculate the mass of N2O4 in the final equilibrium mixture.
A. 39.5 g
B. 35.3 g
C. 30.3 g
D. 25.2 g
E. 43.7 g
57.
58. 75.0 g of PCl5(g) is introduced into a 3.00 L vessel containing 10.0 g of Cl2(g), and the system is allowed
to reach equilibrium at 250ºC.
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
If Kp = 1.80 for this reaction, what is the total pressure inside the vessel at equilibrium?
A. 6.83 atm
B. 8.85 atm
C. 5.38 atm
D. 3.47 atm
E. 7.42 atm
60. Solid ammonium hydrogen sulfide is introduced into a 2.00L flask, and the flask is sealed. If this solid
decomposes according to the equation
NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g), Kp = 0.108 at 25C,
what is the minimum mass of ammonium hydrogen sulfide that must be present in the flask initially if
equilibrium is to be established at 25C?
A. 0.917 g
B. 1.37 g
C. 2.74 g
D. 0.581 g
E. 0.452 g
A. 1.06 atm
B. 1.36 atm
C. 2.39 atm
D. 4.20 atm
E. 1.51 atm
63. A quantity of liquid methanol, CH3OH, is introduced into a rigid 3.00L vessel, the vessel is sealed, and
the temperature is raised to 500K. At this temperature, the methanol vaporizes and decomposes according
to the reaction
CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2 H2(g), Kc= 6.90 102.
If the concentration of H2 in the equilibrium mixture is 0.426 M, what mass of methanol was initially
introduced into the vessel?
A. 147 g
B. 74.3 g
C. 33.9 g
D. 49.0 g
E. 24.8 g
Chapter 14 Chemical Equilibrium Key
2.B
4.C
6.A
8.C
10.D
12.A
14.C
16.B
18.E
20.D
22.B
24.C
26.C
28.B
30.C
32.D
34.B
36.C
37.C
38.C
40.D
42.A
44.A
46.D
48.C
50.D
52.D
54.C
56.A
58.B
60.B
62.E
Chapter 15 Acids and Bases
2. Which is the formula for the hydronium ion?
A. OH
B. H2O
C. H3O+
D. H3O
E. H2O+
4. In the reaction HSO4(aq) + OH(aq) SO42(aq) + H2O(l), the conjugate acidbase pairs are
A. Row 1
B. Row 2
C. Row 3
D. Row 4
E. Row 5
6. Identify the conjugate base of HSO4 in the reaction
H2PO4 + HSO4 H3PO4 + SO42
A. H2PO4
B. H2SO4
C. H2O
D. H3PO4
E. SO42
8. Identify the conjugate base of CH3COOH in the reaction
CH3COOH + HSO4 H2SO4 + CH3COO
A. HSO4
B. SO42
C. CH3COO
D. H2SO4
E. OH
10. Identify the conjugate acid of SO42 in the reaction
CO32 + HSO4 HCO3 + SO42
A. CO32
B. HSO4
C. OH
D. H3O+
E. SO42
12. Identify the conjugate acid of CO32 in the reaction
CO32 + H2PO4 HCO3 + HPO42
A. H2CO3
B. HCO3
C. H2O
D. HPO42
E. H2PO4
14. One liter of an aqueous solution contains 6.02 1021 H3O+ ions. Therefore, its H3O+ ion concentration is
A. 0.0100 mole per liter.
B. 0.100 mole per liter.
C. 1.00 mole per liter.
D. 6.02 1021 mole per liter.
E. 6.02 1023 mole per liter.
16. What is the concentration of H+ in a 2.5 M HCl solution?
A. 0
B. 1.3 M
C. 2.5 M
D. 5.0 M
E. 10 .M
18. The OH concentration in a 7.5 103 M Ca(OH)2 solution is
A. 7.5 103 M.
B. 1.5 102 M.
C. 1.3 1012 M.
D. 1.0 107 M.
E. 1.0 1014 M.
20. What is the H+ ion concentration in a 4.8 102 M KOH solution?
A. 4.8 102 M
B. 1.0 107 M
C. 4.8 1011 M
D. 4.8 1012 M
E. 2.1 1013 M
22. What is the OH ion concentration in a 5.2 104 M HNO3 solution?
A. 1.9 1011 M
B. 1.0 107 M
C. 5.2 104 M
D. zero
E. 1.0 104 M
24. A 0.14 M HNO2 solution is 5.7% ionized. Calculate the H+ ion concentration.
A. 8.0 103 M
B. 0.057 M
C. 0.13 M
D. 0.14 M
E. 0.80 M
26. A 0.10 M NH3 solution is 1.3% ionized. Calculate the H+ ion concentration.
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH
A. 1.3 103 M
B. 7.7 102 M
C. 7.7 1012 M
D. 0.13 M
E. 0.10 M
28. Determine the pH of a KOH solution made by mixing 0.251 g KOH with enough water to make 1.00 102
mL of solution.
A. 1.35
B. 2.35
C. 7.00
D. 11.65
E. 12.65
30. Calculate the pH of a 3.5 103 M HNO3 solution.
A. 2.46
B. 0.54
C. 2.46
D. 3.00
E. 3.46
32. Calculate the pH of a 0.14 M HNO2 solution that is 5.7% ionized.
A. 0.85
B. 1.70
C. 2.10
D. 11.90
E. 13.10
34. What is the pH of a 0.0055 M HA (weak acid) solution that is 8.2% ionized?
A. 2.26
B. 3.35
C. 4.52
D. 8.21
E. 10.65
36. Calculate the pH of 2.6 102 M KOH.
A. 12.41
B. 15.59
C. 2.06
D. 7.00
E. 1.59
38. What is the pH of a 0.014 M Ca(OH)2 solution?
A. 1.85
B. 1.55
C. 12.15
D. 12.45
E. 15.85
40. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution of fruit juice having a pH of 4.25.
A. 1.0 1014 M
B. 5.6 105 M
C. 4.0 1025 M
D. 2.5 104 M
E. 5.6 104 M
42. The pH of a certain solution is 2.0. How many H+(aq) ions are there in 1.0 L of the solution?
A. 0.01 ions
B. 100 ions
C. 2 ions
D. 6. 1021 ions
E. 6. 1023 ions
44. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution having a pH of 4.60.
A. 4.0 103 M
B. 4.0 109 M
C. 4.0 1010 M
D. 2.5 105 M
E. 2.5 104 M
46. The pH of a Ba(OH)2 solution is 10.00. What is the H+ ion concentration of this solution?
A. 4.0 1011 M
B. 1.6 1010 M
C. 1.3 105 M
D. 1.0 1010 M
E. 10 .M
48. The pH of coffee is approximately 5.0. How many times greater is the [H3O+] in coffee than in tap water
having a pH of 8.0?
A. 0.62
B. 1.6
C. 30
D. 1,000
E. 1.0 104
50. If the pH of an acid rain storm is approximately 3.0, how many times greater is the [H+] in the rain than in
a cup of coffee having a pH of 5.0?
A. 1000
B. 100
C. 20
D. 1.7
E. 0.60
52. The pOH of a solution is 9.60 Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in this solution.
A. 2.5 1010 M
B. 6.0 109 M
C. 4.0 105 M
D. 2.4 104 M
E. 1.0 1014 M
54. Which solution will have the lowest pH?
A. 0.10 M HCN
B. 0.10 M HNO3
C. 0.10 M NaCl
D. 0.10 M H2CO3
E. 0.10 M NaOH
56. Acid strength decreases in the series HI > HSO4 > HF > HCN. Which of these anions is the weakest base?
A. I
B. SO42
C. F
D. CN
58. Acid strength increases in the series: HCN < HF < HSO4. Which of these species is the strongest base?
A. H2SO4
B. SO42
C. F
D. CN
E. HSO4
60. Acid strength decreases in the series: HNO3 > HF > CH3COOH. Which of these species is the strongest
base?
A. NO3
B. CH3COO
C. F
D. CH3COOH
62. Arrange the acids HOCl, HClO3, and HClO2 in order of increasing acid strength.
A. HOCl < HClO3 < HClO2
B. HOCl < HClO2 < HClO3
C. HClO2 < HOCl < HClO3
D. HClO3 < HOCl < HClO2
E. HClO3 < HClO2 < HOCl
64. Arrange the acids HBr, H2Se, and H3As in order of increasing acid strength.
A. HBr < H2Se < H3As
B. HBr < H3As < H2Se
C. H2Se < H3As < HBr
D. H3As< H2Se < HBr
E. H3As< HBr < H2Se
72. Predict the direction in which the equilibrium will lie for the reaction
H3PO4(aq) + HSO4(aq) H2PO4(aq) + H2SO4(aq).
Ka1(H3PO4) = 7.5 103; Ka(H2SO4) = very large
A. to the right
B. to the left
C. in the middle
74. Predict the direction in which the equilibrium will lie for the reaction
C6H5COO + HF C6H5COOH + F .
Ka(C6H5COOH) = 6.5 105; Ka(HF) = 7.1 104
A. to the right
B. to the left
C. in the middle
Chapter 15 Acids and Bases Key
2.C
4.A
6.E
8.C
10.B
12.B
14.A
16.C
18.B
20.E
22.A
24.A
26.C
28.E
30.C
32.C
34.B
36.A
38.D
40.B
42.D
44.D
46.D
48.D
50.B
52.C
54.B
56.A
58.D
60.B
62.B
64.D
72.B
74.A