Forestry Code: Assignment No. 3
Forestry Code: Assignment No. 3
1. Forestry Code
The Forestry Code, also known as the Presidential Decree No. 705, codifies,
updates and raises forestry laws in the country. It emphasizes the sustainable utilization
of forest resources. This Act lays down the basic principles of forest management and
conservation, makes provision for the administration of forestry (Chap. I), the survey
and classification of lands for purposes of forestry (Chap. II), and the use of forest
resources (Chap. III).
2. Mining Act
In March 1995, President Fidel Ramos signed into law the Philippine Mining Act
(Republic Act No. 7942) which was designed to revive the mining industry and attract
more foreign investment by defining the agreements for mineral exploitation, and
provide the requirements for acquiring mining rights. It governs the exploration,
development, processing and utilization of mineral resources in the Philippines. It is
expected to protect the national interest by ensuring that the benefits from mining are
shared with the government through the Mineral Production Sharing Agreement
(MPSA). The law allows 100 percent foreign ownership of mining projects through the
Financial or Technical Assistance Agreements (FTAAs) and provides several incentives
to encourage mining such as a four year income tax holiday, tax and duty free capital
equipment imports, value added tax exemptions, income tax deductions (when
operations are posting losses) and accelerated depreciation. It strengthens the role of
local government units in mining projects both as beneficiaries and as active
participants in mineral resource management, consistent with the provisions of the
constitution and government policies on local autonomy and empowerment. It fully
recognizes the rights of indigenous people and cultural communities and respect for
ancestral land and institutionalized stringent measures to ensure compliance of mining
contractors and operators to internationally accepted standards of environmental
management.
The constitutional basis for the law was challenged in the courts by anti-mining
groups, the Catholic Church, indigenous people’s organizations and environmental
protection groups and for seven years led to the decline of investor interest in the
mining industry. In December 2004, the Supreme Court of the Philippines declared the
mining act to be constitutional paving the way towards its full implementation. However,
because of the continued protest over alleged violations of mining companies, their
destruction of the environment and the displacement of indigenous people and
communities, the local governments of 14 provinces had promulgated ordinances
banning open pit mining. In January 2011, President Aquino imposed a moratorium on
the processing of all new mining agreements, for the purpose of formulating a new
mining regime that would better stimulate investment, increase the government’s share
of revenues from mining operations address the problem of illegal mining and protect
environmentally sensitive areas. On July 6, 2012, Executive Order No. 79 (EO 79) was
issued by the President which sought to strengthen the protection of the environment,
promote responsible mining and provide a more equitable revenue sharing scheme
between government and private firms. It should harmonize mining policies and require
firms to be more transparent and accountable for their actions as well as strengthen
coordination among stakeholders to ensure strict compliance by mining operators to
existing laws and regulations.
3. NIPAS Act
6. DRRM Act
7. IPRA Law
12. AFMA
13. CARPER
a. Greenspace
b. Greenway
The term greenway comes from the "green" in green belt and the "way" in
parkway implying a recreational or pedestrian use rather than a typical street
corridor, as well as an emphasis on introducing or maintaining vegetation, in a
location where such vegetation is otherwise lacking.
c. Smart Growth
1. PD 984
2. PD 1151
3. PD 1152
4. IRR-PD 1586
5. PP 2146
8. EO 192
9. DENR DAO 21