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Descriptive Statistics/Inferential Statistics

1. Descriptive statistics summarize and describe data through graphs, charts, tables, and calculations like averages. Inferential statistics use sample data to make inferences about populations through methods like estimation, hypothesis testing, and probability theory. 2. Parametric tests assume data is normally distributed while non-parametric tests make fewer assumptions and are used when data is not normal. 3. Skewness describes the symmetry of a distribution while kurtosis describes the peakedness. Both describe the shape of a distribution. 4. A one-tailed test determines if one mean is greater or less than another but not both, while a two-tailed test accounts for positive or negative effects being equivalent or different.

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130 views

Descriptive Statistics/Inferential Statistics

1. Descriptive statistics summarize and describe data through graphs, charts, tables, and calculations like averages. Inferential statistics use sample data to make inferences about populations through methods like estimation, hypothesis testing, and probability theory. 2. Parametric tests assume data is normally distributed while non-parametric tests make fewer assumptions and are used when data is not normal. 3. Skewness describes the symmetry of a distribution while kurtosis describes the peakedness. Both describe the shape of a distribution. 4. A one-tailed test determines if one mean is greater or less than another but not both, while a two-tailed test accounts for positive or negative effects being equivalent or different.

Uploaded by

O Sei San Anosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Descriptive Statistics/Inferential Statistics


These are two major types of statistics. Descriptive Statistics is devoted to the summarization and description of data. It includes
the construction of graphs, charts and tables and the calculations of various descriptive measures like averages, etc. On the other
hand, Inferential Statistics is concerned with using sample data to make inference about population of data this includes methods
like point estimation, interval estimation and hypothesis testing which are all based on probability theory.

2. Parametric test/Non-parametric Test


Non parametric tests are used when your data isn’t normal. It is based on fewer assumptions while parametric test is used when the
data is normal. It is based on specific assumption.

3. Skewness/Kurtosis
Skewness, means lack of symmetry. With the help of skewness, one can identify the shape of the distribution of data. Kurtosis,
on the other hand, refers to the pointedness of a peak in the distribution curve. The main difference between skewness and kurtosis is
that the former talks of the degree of symmetry, whereas the latter talks of the degree of peakedness, in the frequency distribution. But
these two both used to describe shape characteristics of a distribution.

4. one-tailed test/two-tailed test


A one-tailed test allows you to determine if one mean is greater or less than another mean, but not both. A direction must be chosen prior
to testing. For example if you are trying to decide if you should buy a brand name product or a generic product at your local drugstore,
a one-tailed test of the effectiveness of the product would only tell you if the generic product worked better than the brand name. You
would have no insight into whether the product was equivalent or worse. In two-tailed test will take into account the possibility of both a
positive and a negative effect. Let’s head back to the drug store. If you were doing a two-tailed test of the generic against the brand name
product, you would have insight into whether the effectiveness of the product was equivalent or worse than the brand name product. In
this instance, you can make a more educated decision because if the generic product is equivalent, you would purchase it because it is
cheaper, but if it is far less effective than the brand name product, you’d probably shell out the extra money for the brand name product.
You wouldn’t want to waste your money on an ineffective product, would you?

5. Confidence level/level of significance


Confidence level refers to the possibility of a parameter that lies within a specified range of values, which is denoted as c. Moreover, the
confidence level is connected with the level of significance. The relationship between level of significance and the confidence level is
c=1−α while the level of significance is defined as the probability of rejecting a null hypothesis by the test when it is really true, which is
denoted as α. That is, P (Type I error) = α.

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