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Ohm'S Law and Power I. Objectives: AB BC CD AC AD

1. The document describes an experiment to measure voltage, current, and power in series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits to understand Ohm's Law. 2. Key objectives are to apply voltage and current divider equations, determine power in different circuits, and design circuits for required voltage, current or power. 3. Data tables show measured and computed values for voltage, current, resistance, and power in sample series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits.

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Margaret Flores
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51 views10 pages

Ohm'S Law and Power I. Objectives: AB BC CD AC AD

1. The document describes an experiment to measure voltage, current, and power in series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits to understand Ohm's Law. 2. Key objectives are to apply voltage and current divider equations, determine power in different circuits, and design circuits for required voltage, current or power. 3. Data tables show measured and computed values for voltage, current, resistance, and power in sample series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits.

Uploaded by

Margaret Flores
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

ACTIVITY # 6
OHM’S LAW AND POWER

I. Objectives

1. Measure the voltage and current in series, in parallel and in series-parallel circuits and
understand the relationship of voltage and current in these circuits;
2. Apply the voltage-divider equation in series circuits;
3. Apply the current-divider equation in parallel circuits;
4. Determine the power in series, in parallel and in series-parallel circuits; and
5. Design a circuit that can provide the required value of voltage, current or power.

II. Laboratory Equipment

1. Digital Multi-Tester
2. DC Voltmeter
3. DC Ammeter
4. Circuit Experiment Board
5. DC Power supply

6. 10W Resistors:
a. 25 Ω
b. 50 Ω
c. 75 Ω
d. 100 Ω
III. Procedures / Diagrams

A. Series Circuit

Table 1. Measured And Computed Data In Series Circuit


Step DATA RAB RBC RCD RAC RAD
A.1 Measured R 25 Ω 50 Ω 75 Ω 75 Ω 150 Ω
A.2 Measured V VAB = VBC = VCD = VAC = VAD =
2V 4V 6.1 V 6V 12V
A.3 Computed VAD = 12 V
VAD %E = 0%
B.1.a Computed V VAB = VBC =
2V 4V
(Using VAC) %E = %E =
0% 0%
B.1.b Computed V VAB = VBC = VCD =
2V 4V 6V
(Using VAD) %E = %E = %E =
0% 0% 1.67 %
B.2 Measured I IAB = IBC = ICD = IAC = IAD =
Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

0.08 A 0.08 A 0.08 A 0.08 A 0.08 A


B.3 Computed IAB = IBC = ICD = IAD =
0.08 A 0.08 A 0.08 A 0.08 A
I %E = %E = %E = %E =
0% 0% 0% 0%
B.4 Computed PAB = PBC = PCD = PAD =
Power, P 0.16 W 0.32 W 0.48 W 0.96 W
B.5 Total P PAD = 0.968 W
%E = 0.833 %

B. Voltage-Divider Equation
Compute the sum of the power dissipated in the 3 resistors, P AD = PAB+PBC+PCD.
Compare this sum of power with the power, PAD, computed in step 4.
What is your observation with the power dissipated in resistors connected in series?

The power dissipated in resistors connected in series carry the same current, but the
voltage that dissipated across them is not the same, as their individual resistance values
create different voltage drops across each resistor as determined by Ohm’s Law ( V =
I*R ).

C. Parallel Circuit

Table 2. Measured And Computed Data In Parallel Circuit


Step DATA R1 R2 R3 R23 R123
C.1 Measured R 50 Ω 75 Ω 100 Ω 42.857 Ω 23.077 Ω
C.2 Measured I I1 = I2 = I3 = I23 = I123 =
0.11 A 0.08 A 0.06 A 0.14 A 0.26 A
C.3 Computed I123 I123 = 0.25 A
%E = 4%
C.4 Computed I23 I23 = 0.14 A
%E = 0 %
D.1.a Computed I I2 = I3 =
0.08 A 0.06 A
(Current- %E = %E =
Divider) 0% 0%
D.1.b Computed I I1 = I2 = I3 =
0.12 A 0.08 A 0.06 A
(Current- %E = %E = %E =
Divider) 4.666 % 0% 0%
D.2 Measured V V1 = V2 = V3 = V123 =
6V 6V 6V 6V
D.3 Computed V V1 = V2 = V3 = V123 =
6V 6V 6V 6V
%E = %E = %E = %E =
0% 0% 0% 0%
Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

D.4 Computed P1 = P2 = P3 = P123 =


Power, P 0.66 W 0.48 W 0.36 W 1.5 W
D.5 Total Power P123 = 1.53 W
%E = 2%

D. Current-Divider Formula

What is your observation with the power dissipated in resistors connected in parallel?

Based on the computed power for parallel circuit, it implies that when the resistance is higher
it results to a high power. Also, looking at the circuit, the location of the resistance also affects
the power. Thus, results show the behavior of the power which is when the resistance is
farthest from the source or battery, the power is also the smallest.

E. Series-Parallel Circuit

Table 3. Measured And Computed Data In Series- Parallel Circuit


Step DATA R1 R2 R3 R23 R123
E.1 Measured R 50 Ω 75 Ω 100 Ω 42.85714 92.85714
Ω Ω
E.2 Measured V V1 = V2 = V3 = V23 = V123 =
5.8 V 5V 5V 5V 10.8V

E.3 Computed V123 = 10.8 V


V123 %E = 0%
E.4 Computed V V1 = V23 =
5.8 V 5V
(Voltage-Divider) %E = %E =
0% 0%
E.5 Measured I I1 = I2 = I3 = I23 = I123 =
0.150 A 0.065 A 0.05 A 0.115 A 0.115A
E.6 Computed I I1 = I2 = I3 = I23 = I123 =
0.116 A A A 0.116 A 0.116 A
( Ohm’s Law) %E = %E = %E = %E = %E =
29.31 % 2.5 % 0% 0.86 % 0.86 %
E.7 Computed I I1 = I2 = I3 =
0.150 A 0.065 A 0.05 A
(Current-Divider) %E = %E = %E =
0% 0% 0%
E.8 Computed P1 = P2 = P3 = P23 = P123 =
Power, P 0.87 W 0.325 W 0.25 W 0.58W 1.242 W
E.9 Total Power P123 = 1.242 W P23 =
0.575 W
%E = %E =
Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

0.86 % 0.86 %

What is your observation with the power dissipated in resistors connected in series-
parallel?

The power dissipated in resistors connected in the series-parallel circuit carries the
same current throughout except when passing through the the nodes connected in
parallel but once these nodes are computed as one then the current all thoughout the
circuit will be added to the one in series connection. Whereas the voltage that is
dissipated in parallel circuit differs because each resistor has a different amount of
volts passing through.

IV. Summary And Conclusion

Ohm's law states that, in an electrical circuit, the current passing through most
materials is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across them. In the
experiment the relevance of Ohm’s law to find the power exerted by the circuit can be
observed and identified. Thus, Ohm’s law plays a significant role. Additionally, When
the current flows in a resistance, heat is being produced due to the friction involved
between the free electrons and the atoms obstructing the path of the electron flow. In
finding the power produced by a circuit, the result is highly dependent on the type of
circuit (e.g. series, parallel, series-parallel combination) for the variables have a
different manner of approach to find the needed variables (e.g. current and voltage).
Nonetheless, the power as a function of voltage and current. The aforementioned
variable cannot constitute power by themselves.

Computations:
Table 1. Measured and Computed Data In Series Circuit

Solutions A. 1 Ω Ω

Solutions A.3
Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

Solutions
V V
B.1.a:

Solutions:
V V
B.1.b:

Solutions B.4:

Solutions B.5:
W
Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

Table 2. Measured and Computed Data In Parallel Circuit


Solutions C.3:
A

Solutions C.4:
A

Solutions D.1.a:

Same concept applies

Solutions D.1.b:

Same concept applies


Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

Solutions D.3:

Same concept applies

Solutions D.4:

Solutions D.5:

W
Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

Table 3. Measured and Computed Data In Series-Parallel Circuit


Solutions E.1:

Solutions E.3:

Solutions E.4:

Solutions E.6:
Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

Solutions E.7

Solutions E.8:
Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

Solutions E.9

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