@4==

HaZPS^/ =Y]VOPS`/ LcZP\Y S`Q1 @W_]YOcOPYS 93XW[R_ \T QVO^OQ`S^_

@=M= W[]a` ZS`V\R _SYSQ`W\[ O[R QVO[US Ta[Q`W\[
-LAKD=F O[R J=K=FFAF ZS`V\R.
D[]a` Y\UWQ _SYSQ`W\[ O[R QVO[US Ta[Q`W\[-J\_W`WbS2HSUO`WbS Y\UWQ.
eBSO`a^S_
|?<N< [_afe dW]WUe[`_ S_V UZS_YW Xf_Ue[`_
; KScS]]W] `c MWc[S]
|?[da]SjST]W If^TWc- <]aZSTWe- Mj^T`] WeU
71\[_Vd `X UZScSUeWcd
|Q[VW cS_YW `X [_afe d[Y_S] ]WgW]
G`h; 1.2/3P?>- C[YZ ; 5/6.35P?>
|D_afe ]`Y[U dW]WUe[`_ S_V UZS_YW Xf_Ue[`_
; K`d[e[gW 0 IWYSe[gW ]`Y[U [_afe
|23.35P?> a`hWc dfaa]j
|Hf]e[ deSYW U`__WUe[`_ SgS[]ST]W
|>]WSc V[da]Sj Tj Z[YZ Tc[YZe_Wdd G@?

e=]]YWQO`W\[_
|?[da]Sj X`c KG>
|?[da]Sj X`c U`^afeWc
|PSc[`fd V[da]Sj

JYSO_S ^SOR ,?Oa`W\[ T\^ c\a^ _OTS`c, W[ \]S^O`W\[

+ ZO[aOY PST\^S a_W[U1

eL]SQWTWQO`W\[_
4OEFL @4==0KH ^ @4==0CH
{NEJDBTJON LWV*27 MWY^W_e+ BcWW_*27 MWY^W_e+
7OWFR SUPPLY 23.35P?> o21~
*URRFNT DONSUMPTJON 23P?> ; HSi/ 43^<- 35P?> ; HSi/ 36^<
*IBRBDTFR SJZF Q22pC31^^
+JSPLBY 1l:- <lR- ?WU[^S] a`[_e- Mj^T`]*35 \[_Vd+
KScS]]W] ; KScS]]W] 7=[e =[_Scj ?SeS- GSeUZ- ?WU[^S] a`[_e
{NPUT MWc[S] ; MWc[S] 7=[e `c 8=[e*?WU[^S] a`[_e+- >]`U\- GSeUZ-
?WU[^S] a`[_e*QZW_ _`e dW]WUe[_Y MWc[S] ?JN +

{NPUT LFVFL C[YZ ; 5/6.35P?>- G`h ; 1.2/3P?>

4BXo GRFQUFNDY HSi/ 4\Ck
0NPUT RFSJSTBNDF 31\w
6UTPUT ?<N< JON*MWc[S] ?<N< [_afe ^WeZ`V+
{NPUT LOHJD MW]WUeST]W S_V >ZS_YWST]W K`d[e[gW 0IWYSe[gW ]`Y[U*=j [__Wc d`]VWc[_Y+
NZW dbfScW hSgW _`[dW Tj d[^f]Se`c
5OJSF STRFNHTI *Kf]dW h[VeZ;2v- ?[da]Sj e[^W;2_d- K`]Sc[ej;o- 211e[^Wd 0 WgWcj dWU/+
=WehWW_ a`hWc eWc^[_S]d ; o411P- =WehWW_ [_afe eWc^[_S]d ; o411P
}MCJFNT TFMPFRBTURF 1 l 71q*Se _`_.XcWWk[_Y deSefd+
9TORBHF TFMPFRBTURF .21 l 96q*Se _`_.XcWWk[_Y deSefd+
}MCJFNT IUMJEJTY 46 l 96~LC
=FJHIT <aac`i/ 33Y*D_U]fVW L[YZe0GWXe USa+
rBcWW_ G@? ejaW [d `ae[`_S]/

4:
 49 LSUZS[` @W_]YOc N[W`
eMS^ZW[OY YOc\a`
0NPUT 7BRBLLFL JNPUT 9FRJBL JNPUT

rq :FRMJNBL 5Oo *OEF -UNDTJON *OEF -UNDTJON

z r <** rs.su<+* <** rsnsu<+*

y s +q s q 5* +ONhT DONNFDT BNYTIJNH
x t +r s r
*2 *LODK JNPUT
w u +s ss +0 +BTB JNPUT
+BTB JNPUT
v v +t st +6 +BTB OUTPUT
u w +u s u
5*
+ONhT DONNFDT BNYTIJNH
t x +v sv 5*
s
y 3, 3BTDI JNPUT 3, 3BTDI JNPUT
r
z +7 +FDJMBL POJNT JNPUT +7 +FDJMBL POJNT JNPUT
rq .5+ q< .5+ q<

e>Y\QX RWOU^OZ
`7BRBLLFL JNPUT `9FRJBL JNPUT
<** h 9TBCLJZF
7OWFR <** h 9TBCLJZF
.5+ q POWFR 7OWFR
.5+ q POWFR

+qi
*36*2 JNPUT n *2 j
+rj
+}:} +sk +}:} JNPUT n +0 k
JNPUT 0NPUT +FDOEFR
+tl 0NPUT +FDOEFR
+um DJRDUJT +RJVFR 3BTDI JNPUT n 3, o DJRDUJT +RJVFR
+vn
+FDJMBL POJNT JNPUT n +7 p
3BTDI JNPUT n 3, o
+FDJMBL POJNT JNPUT n +7 p +}:} OUTPUT n +6 l
rx- y- z a[_ ScW _`e fdWV/

e @WZS[_W\[_
w |7BNFL DUTnOUT
tt

tr

} ~

|7BNFL DUTnOUT DIBRT ;NJT{MM

?M043L

+JHJT +JMFNSJON } +JMFNSJON ~

G=@A DH EIKA=

sq

i5j isq]5lrsj isq]5lrqj

r ts tq\qor

tov tyov rtov uov rr s vs vq\qor

t xs xq\qor
u zs zq\qor
|*ONNFDTORi4OEFL{*:nrq9j
v rrs rrq\qor
ry
rtov
w rts rtq\qor
xov snrtou xov xov x rvs rvq\qor
y rxs rxq\qor
|*BP
?M043L

y rq
z

4}+, 05 268,}

4}+, 05 268,}
x

};:650*9

};:650*9
us
tx

st

3
ts

w
v
u
t
s

|8FE -5+ { +}8i3j n 8 i3FGTp8JHIT r9FTj

r

|.RFFN -5+ { +}8i3j n ~3 i3FGTp8JHIT r9FTj

;NJT { MM
^*BP JS OPTJONBLir SFTj

4;
@4==
eI]S^O`W\[ _]SQWTWQO`W\[
9FLFDTJON OG
d4
9r 9s 9t 9u
d5
1r
d6
1s
`-UNDTJON SFLFDTJON
SWJTDI 65| 9FRJBL 7OSJTJVF LOHJD
SWJTDI POSJTJON
~JT r
65|7BRBLLFL WJTI +6: { 9u|6-- 9FRJBL
EJHJT
6PFRBTJON 6--|9FRJBL 6--| 9FRJBL 5FHBTJVF LOHJD EBTB OUT
WJTIOUT +6: { 9u|65
7BRBLLFL EFDJMBL NFHBTJVF LOHJD ] 65 6-- 9u|65 6-- 6--
7BRBLLFL EFDJMBL POSJTJVF LOHJD ] 65 6-- 9u|6-- 6-- 6--
9FRJBL EFDJMBL WJTIOUT
+6: NFHBTJVF LOHJD ] 6-- 6-- 9u|65 65 6-- wCJT 9u 1s 1r 9t 9s 9r

9FRJBL EFDJMBL WJTIOUT

] 6-- 6-- 9u|6-- 65 6-- wCJT
+6: POSJTJVF LOHJD
9FRJBL EFDJMBL WJTI +6:
NFHBTJVF LOHJD ] 6-- 65 9u|65 65 6-- d7
xCJT
9FRJBL EFDJMBL WJTI +6: d65 | i9IORTj
] 6-- 65 9u|6-- 65 d7
POSJTJVF LOHJD 6-- xCJT

*d4+NZWcW [d _` Xf_Ue[`_ X`c M2/ De V`Wd _`e ^SeeWc [X [e [d JI `c JAA/

6-- | i6PFNj
*d5+E2 ^fde TW JAA [_ KScS]]W] `aWcSe[`_/
*d6+E3 ^fde TW JAA S]hSjd/
*d7+2 T[e h[]] TW SVVWV- [X ?JN fdWV [_ MWc[S] `aWcSe[`_/
rI`eW; K]WSdW fdW [e SUU`cV[_Y e` JaWcSe[`_ daWU[X[USe[`_- `eZWch[dW ac`VfUe ^[YZe TW VS^SYWV/
t ASUe`cj daWU[X[USe[`_ *IWYSe[gW ]`Y[U KScS]]W]+ *M2; JAA- M3; JI- M4; JAA- M5; JI- E2; JAA- E3; JAA+

eD[]a` RO`O QVO^`

;PPFR s~JT +BTBi757 :YPFj JN 7OSJTJVF LOHJD 3OWFR u~JT +BTBi757 :YPFj JN 7OSJTJVF LOHJD
+v +u +v +u +v +u +v +u
+BTB JNPUTi/|/0./ LFVFLm 3|36= LFVFLj
3 3 3 / / 3 / /
q/ r/ s/ t/ /FXB EFDJMBL +t +s +r +q

~LBNK ~LBNK q/ 3 3 3 3

~LBNK r/ 3 3 3 /

s/ 3 3 / 3

t/ 3 3 / /

u/ 3 / 3 3

v/ 3 / 3 /

~LBNK w/ 3 / / 3

x/ 3 / / /

y/ / 3 3 3

z/ / 3 3 /

}/ / 3 / 3

~/ / 3 / /

*/ / / 3 3

+/ / / 3 /

,/ / / / 3

-/ / / / /

rIWYSe[gW ]`Y[U *IKI NjaW+; ?<N< [_afe ]WgW] `X ?6- ?5- ?4- ?3- ?2- ?1 h[]] TW `aa`d[eW deSeW/
r=]S_\ ; @gW_ eZ`fYZ ?<N< [d [_afe Sd d[Y_S]- [e V`Wd _`e V[da]Sj/

4<
 49 LSUZS[` @W_]YOc N[W`
eD[]a` QW^QaW`

`7OSJTJVF LOHJD `5FHBTJVF LOHJD

8s v<

0NPUT 0*
8r
rqqg
8r sqg
8s
sqg
0NPUT 0*
^0NPUT LFVFL /JHI { uovlsu<+*
3OW { qlros<+* rqqg

eD[]a` `WZW[U

`7BRBLLFL JNPUT
|7OSJTJVF LOHJDi9u { 6--j |5FHBTJVF LOHJDi9u { 65j

7W 7W

{NPUT { +BTB {NPUT { +BTB

+BTB 3BTDI +BTB 3BTDI

Tr Ts Tt Tr Ts Tt

u
7W { qottMS@4JNoA
Tr { qoqvMS@4JNoA a +BTB LBTDIi3BTDIj
7W|TrlTslTt
Ts { qostMS@4JNoA a +BTB SIJGT
Tt { qoqvMS@4JNoA a +BTB LBTDIi3BTDIj

`9FRJBL JNPUT
|7OSJTJVF LOHJDi9u{6--m 1r{65m 1s{6--j { *LODK tK/Z MBXo
kTB kTC

3}:*/

qottMS kTW

*r *s *t *5ns *5nr *5 *r *s
*36*2

+}:} r s t 5ns 5nr 5 r s

|5FHBTJVF LOHJDi9u{65m 1r{65m 1s{65j { *LODK tK/Z MBXo

u
,eS ; 1/34^dmH[_/n
kTW ,eT ; 1/16^dmH[_/n
,eh ; 1/16^d mH[_/n

3}:*/
kTB kTC
qottMS

*36*2 *r *s *t *5ns *5nr *5 *r *s

+}:} r s t 5ns 5nr 5 r s

53
@4==
e@O`O W[]a` ZS`V\R `\ `^O[_TS^ _S^WOY W[]a`
`9JNHLF JNPUT MFTIOE
|w ~0: EBTB JNPUTi9t{6--m 1r{65j |x ~0: EBTB JNPUTi9t{65m 1r{65j

9:}8: 9:}8:

r s t u v w r s t u v w x

b9/0-: b9/0-:
49~

49~
39~

39~
+7
r +0.0: +FDJMBL r +0.0:
7OJNT

`4ULTJnSTBHF DONNFDTJON JNPUT MFTIOE

|w ~0: EBTB JNPUTi9t{6--m 1r{65j

9:}8:

r s t u v w x y z rq rr rs w5nrr w5nrq w5nz w5ny w5nx w5nw w5nv w5nu w5nt w5ns w5nr w5

b9/0-: b9/0-:
49~i5nrj

49~i5nsj
39~i5nrj

39~i5nsj

49~irj

49~iqj
39~irj

39~iqj
rq 5nr rq 5ns rqr rq q

|x ~0: EBTB JNPUTi9t{65m 1r{65j

9:}8:

r s t u v w x y z rq rr rs rt ru x5nrt x5nrs x5nrr x5nrq x5nz x5ny x5nx x5nw x5nv x5nu x5nt x5ns x5nr x5

b9/0-: b9/0-:
49~i5nrj

49~i5nsj
39~i5nrj

39~i5nsj
+7i5nrj

+7i5nsj

49~irj

49~iqj
39~irj

39~iqj
+7irj

+7iqj

+FDJMBL +FDJMBL +FDJMBL +FDJMBL

7OJNTi5nrj
rq 5nr 7OJNTi5nsj
rq 5ns 7OJNTirj rqr rq q
7OJNTiqj

|}RRBNHFMFNT

rq 5nr rq 5ns rq r rq q

54
 49 LSUZS[` @W_]YOc N[W`
eGaY`W0_`OUS Q\[[SQ`W\[ ZS`V\R
`7BRBLLFL JNPUT
|9TBTJD DONNFDTJON[[[u EJHJT
+7 q +7 r +7 s +7 t

+v +v +v +v
+u +u +u +u
+t +t +t +t
+s +s +s +s
+r +r +r +r
+q +q +q +q

43 .5+ 43 .5+ 43 .5+ 43 .5+

< < < <
.5+
+7 +7 +7 +7
; 3, ; 3, ; 3, ; 3,
: : : :
3}:*/
+v +v +v +v
9 +u 9 +u 9 +u 9 +u
8 +t 8 +t 8 +t 8 +t
7 7 7 7
+s +s +s +s
6 +r 6 +r 6 +r 6 +r
5 5 5 5
+6 +6 +6 +6
4 <** 4 <** 4 <** 4 <**
<**

rq q rq r rq s rq t
|+YNBMJD DONNFDTJON[[[u EJHJT
3}:*/ q
3}:*/ r
3}:*/ s
3}:*/ t

43 .5+ 43 .5+ 43 .5+ 43 .5+

< < < < .5+
+7 +7 +7 +7
; ; ; ; 3,
3, 3, 3, +7
: +v : +v : +v : +v
9 9 9 9 +v
+u +u +u +u
8 +t 8 +t 8 +t 8 +t +u
7 7 7 7 +s +t
+s +s +s
6 6 6 6
+r +r +r +r +s
5 5 5 5 +q
+q +q +q +r
4 <** 4 <** 4 <** 4 <**
+q
<**

rq q rq r rq s rq t
`9FRJBL JNPUT
|9FRJBL DONNFDTJON[[[u EJHJT
+0

43 .5+ 43 .5+ 43 .5+ 43 .5+

< < < < .5+
+7 +7 +7 +7
; 3, ; 3, ; 3, ; 3,
: : : : 3}:*/
9 9 9 9
8 +6 8 +6 8 +6 8 +6
7
+0 7 +0 7 +0 7 +0 i+}:} tsj
6 *2 6 *2 6 *2 6 *2
5 5 5 5 *2
4 <** 4 <** 4 <** 4 <**
<**

rq q rq r rq s rq t
^+7 EJSPLBY MFTIOE JN w~JT 9FRJBL +BTB JNPUT ^+7 EJSPLBY MFTIOE JN x~JT 9FRJBL +BTB JNPUT
d7OSJTJVF LOHJD { *ONNFDT +7 TFRMJNBL TO <**o d0NPUT +7 +BTB BEEFE TO ~JT 9FRJBL +BTB
d5FHBTJVF LOHJD { *ONNFDT +7 TFRMJNBL TO .5+ i+7 +BTB JS 49~ OG x~JTj
i+7 EJSPLBY MFTIOE JN 9FRJBL +BTB JNPUTj

55
@4==
eGaY`W0_`OUS Q\[[SQ`W\[ ZS`V\R
|,XBMPLF
d0NPUT MOEF { 5FHBTJVF LOHJD OG SFRJBL EFDJMBL WJTI +6:ni9r{>m 9s{6--m 9t{65m 9u{65m 1r{65m 1s{6--j
d+JSPLBY VBLUF { :,o9: +BTB JNPUT

9:}8:

0NPUT r s t u v w x y z rq rr rs rt ru rv rw rx ry rz sq sr ss st su sv sw sx sy r s t
DIBRT
+7 +v +u +t +s +r +q +7 +v +u +t +s +r +q +7 +v +u +t +s +r +q +7 +v +u +t +s +r +q +7 +v +u
*36*2

+}:}
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
kTB kTWkTC

3}:*/

+0973}?
_

rq t rq s rq r rq q

u
,eS ; 1/34^dmH[_/n
,eT ; 1/16^dmH[_/n
,eh ; 1/16^dmH[_/n
d+BTB JS RFDOREFE WIFN DLODK DIBNHFS GROM IJHI TO LOWo
d0N NFHBTJVF LOHJDm EBTB JS RFBE WIJLF 3BTDI SJHNBL JS IFLE BT /JHIm CUT EBTB JS IFLE
WIFN JT DIBNHF TO LOWo

eMVS O]]YWQO`W\[ \T JF? J^\U^OZ-LS^WOY W[]a` `c]S0.

u ?[da]Sj O_[e ?2<<.s
v ?SeS ecS_d^[dd[`_ ejaW; MWc[S] [_afe
w >`__WUe[`_ ejaW; MWW dWc[S] U`__WUe[`_ ejaW hZW_ fd[_Y ^`cW eZS_ 3@<
x ?[da]Sj cWdf]e ; }< ?[da]Sj}
y K/G/> ; MWW GB W]WUec`_[Ud- H<[email protected] MWc[Wd/
z QZW_ fd[_Y dWc[S] ejaW- fdW NL `feafe UScV `X K/G/> UScV
{ IWYSe[gW ]`Y[U

7qqq
@ 9,: 9qqoqr A
4qqq
@ 9,: 9qqoqs A
4qqr
@ 9,: 9qqoqt A
4qqq
@ 9,: 9qqoqu A
4qqr
@ 9,: 9qqoqv A
4qqq
@ 9,: 9qqoqw A
4qqr
@ 9,: 9qqoqx A 9IJGT RFHJSTFR
4qqq
@ 9,: 9qqoqy A
4qqr
@ 9,: 9qqoqz A
4qqq
@ 9,: 9qqorq A
4qqr
@ 9,: 9qqorr A
4qqq
@ 9,: 9qqors A
4qqr
@ 9,: 9qqort A
9qqort 4qqq
@ 9,: 9qqoqq A 8FSFT

56
 49 LSUZS[` @W_]YOc N[W`
9qqoqr
i4qqqj
9qqoqt

9qqoqv

9qqoqx

9qqoqz

9qqorr
9qqort

9qqoqs
i4qqrj
9qqoqu
9qqoqw
9qqoqy
9qqorq
9qqors

9qqoqs
i7qrqj *36*2 OUTPUT
9qqoqu
9qqoqw
9qqoqy
9qqorq
9qqors

7qqq /,> g}g VBLUF

e46< Iqr 4qrf :RBNSMJSSJON OREFR
TO 4qr

9qqoqr 4qrv /,> g}g VBLUF

i7qrrj +BTB OUTPUT
9qqoqs g}g +JSPLBY
9qqoqt 4qru
9qqoqu
9qqoqv 4qrt
9qqoqw
9qqoqx 4qrs
9qqoqy
9qqoqz 4qrr
9qqorq
9qqorr 4qrq

9qqors

9qqort
i7qrsj 3}:*/ OUTPUT
e,5+f

57