PRACTICE TEST – Counseling Theories, Tools, and Techniques

Name: _________________________________________

1. The scientific approach is emphasized in this therapy

a. cognitive
b. behavioral
c. reality
d. rational-emotive

2. The process of bringing the client who has fear of heights on top of a skyscraper is
a. Systematic Desensitization
b. Assertiveness Training
c. Implosive Therapy
d. Flooding

3. Observational Learning is learned by watching a new behavior. This was proposed by

a. B.F. Skinner
b. Ivan Pavlov
c. Joseph Wolpe
d. Albert Bandura

4. The use of the miracle question technique is employed in

a. Solution focused Therapy
b. Logotherapy
c. Reality Therapy
d. Neuro Linguistic Therapy

5. Aaron is instructing his team mates in soccer to go straight for the goal, he is in what
state according to Berne?
a. Adult state
b. Child state
c. Parent state
d. Coach state

6. According to Albert Ellis, three core irrational beliefs are as follows, except
a. You must treat me well
b. I must always be right
c. The world must be easy
d. I must do well
7. It is also known as abstract imaging which is found useful in assessing relationships
between client’s emotional and intellectual experiences and determines how client can
intensify or exaggerate his mind
a. Negative Imagery
b. Mental and Emotive Imagery
c. Systematic desensitization
d. In Vivo

8. Which of the following is not a loser script?

a. “I am confused”
b. “I am sad”
c. “I am scared”
d. “I am mad”

9. In transactional analysis, the ID structure is similar to the _____?

a. child
b. parent
c. adult
d. animal

10. It is forecasting on the bases of available choices, an attempts prediction of the

future.
a. Analysis
b. Synthesis
c. Prognosis
d. Diagnosis

11. According to Glasser, the third level of commitment in reality therapy is

a. I will do whatever to reach my goals.
b. I do not want to be here at all.
c. I could change. I will do my best
d. I will try. I might change.

12. It is the basic social force in the theory of personality

a. Success Identity
b. Power
c. Love
d. Failure Identity

13. Which is not a fundamental belief of cognitive therapist?

a. People have the potential to be both rational and irrational
b. People are OK; thus each person has validity, importance, equality of respect.
c. People tend to generate their own difficulties.
 d. People can attain effective patterns to change their actions.

14. Which of the following do not form part of the basic counseling principles of reality
therapy?
a) Never give up
b) Accept no excuses
c) Become personally involved with the client
d) Positiveness

15. It develops as we grow and lend direction to how we ultimately think, act and feel
a. Negative Beliefs
b. Automatic Thoughts
c. Intermediate Beliefs
d. Core beliefs

16. Thought stopping is tool used under _____________ therapy.

a. Trait factor
b. Cognitive
c. Transactional Analysis
d. Reality

17. The criticism which states that “it is hard to believe that clients can help themselves
simply by changing their thinking” rightfully belongs to ____________.
a. Cognitive Therapy
b. Transactional Analysis
c. Reality Therapy
d. Eclectic Therapy

18. In which cognitive behavioral approach does the counselor act not as a teacher?
a. Cognitive
b. Behavioral
c. REBT
d. Reality

19. It is a need according to reality therapy which includes achievement and feeling
worthwhile as well as winning.
a. Power
b. Survival
c. Love
d. Freedom
20. What will be the best therapeutic approach for clients wanting to develop assertive
behaviors, reduce avoidance behavior, treat alcoholism and deal with obsessive-
compulsive anxiety?
a. Transactional Analysis
b. Reality Therapy
c. Cognitive Therapy
d. Eclectic Therapy

21. Transactional Analysis was created by _____________.

a. Eric Berne
b. Erich Fromm
c. Frederick Burns
d. William Glasser

22. A person who stumbles one time is “a weakling.”

a. Fortune Telling
b. Mind Reading
c. Labeling
d. Dichotomous Thinking

23. Which among the following is the winner script?

a. I’m OK, you’re OK
b. I’m not OK, you’re OK
c. I’m not OK, you’re not OK
d. I’m OK, you’re not OK

24. Anticipating events will turn out badly

a. Fortune Telling
b. Labeling
c. Mind Reading
d. Dichotomous Thinking

25. It is a method of using technology to communicate to a person what his or her body
is doing, and teaching that person to use mental processes to control bodily functions
a. Trait factor
b. Reality
c. Biofeedback
d. Neuro-linguistic Programming

26. Saying “Good morning” to your classmates and teachers is an example of ______.
a. Stamps
b. Scripts
c. Rituals
 d. Rackets

27. The process of reality therapy is __________.

a. Psychoanalytic
b. Experiential
c. Behavioral
d. Humanistic

28. Reciprocal transaction is synonymous to ___________.

a. Congruent
b. Complimentary
c. Compatible
d. Companionable

29. It is a need according to Glasser which includes independence, autonomy and

personal space.
a. Survival
b. Freedom
c. Fun
d. Power

30. Which among the following theorist does Aaron Beck usually matched with?
a. William Glasser
b. Frederic Thorne
c. Albert Ellis
d. Eric Berne

31. Positiveness is categorized under the reality therapy as _______________.

a. Counseling Process
b. Theory of Personality
c. Nature of Maladjustment
d. Strategies for helping

32. Albert Ellis has developed a system of helping known as rational-emotive therapy. A
basic premise of this theory is that:
a. irrational thought patterns are the result of depression
b. the environment is the major determinant of behavior
c. psychological problems arise from irrational thought patterns
d. rational thinking leads to emotional deficits

33. Glasser’s reality therapy focuses on:

a. cognitions
b. being
 c. actualization
d. identity

34. A counselor whose theoretical orientation comes from behavioral counseling

believes that
a. most behavior is learned, and therefore subject to change through specifically
designed technique
b. the counselor should help the client to achieve a sense of self-actualization
c. the counselor-client relationship should mimic the parent-child relationship of
the client’s past
d. the unconditional positive regard of the counselor toward the client will
automatically produce positive behavior change

35. In REBT, the focus is more on thoughts than on feelings. These techniques help
people become aware of their
a. self-denial
b. defenses
c. self-talk
d. depression

36. Flooding the client with anxiety-producing stimuli within a safe setting is called:
a. behavior modification
b. implosive therapy
c. transference neurosis
d. cognitive regression

37. It is given to collect counselees’ thoughts & behavior. Counselor assigns exercises
to help counselees’ cope with other issues.
a. Homework
b. Dialogue
c. Behavioral Techniques
d. Emotive Techniques

38. A counseling approach wherein the counselor has a personal style that incorporates
methods and techniques from a variety of theories and approaches:
a. Client-Centered
b. REBT
c. Behavioral
d. Eclectic

39. In Solution Focused therapy clients are encouraged to allow themselves to dream
as a way of identifying the kinds of changes they want to see. What kind of question is
asked?
 a. scaling
b. miracle
c. expectation
d. change

40. In Reality Therapy’s WDEP system, P stands for

a. procedure
b. perception
c. planning
d. participation

41. The first acclaimed Asian theorist is

a. Carl Jung
b. Virgilio Enriquez
c. Insoo Kim Berg
d. Imelda Villar

42. B in ABC technique means

a. Bias
b. Belief
c. Boundaries
d. Baseline

43. F in RBTC’s technique is

a. find
b. fun
c. new feeling
d. faith

44. Automatic thoughts are

a. ongoing thoughts that cross our minds as we go through the day
b. negative thoughts
c. positive thoughts
d. regular thoughts

45. The person acts communicates in a way that does not reflect his/her ego state
a. crossed
b. complimentary
c. ulterior
d. hidden
46. Communication is appropriate & expected in each ego state
a. Sibling rivalry is a concern in crossed
b. complimentary
c. ulterior
d. hidden

47. Communication is complex and confusing

a. crossed
b. complimentary
c. ulterior
d. hidden

48. Triad of depression is a negative view of

a. self
b. world
c. future
d. all of the above

49. Bandler & Grinder advocates

a. solution focused
b. behavioral
c. nuero linguistic programming
d. cognitive

50. Virginia Satir is a theorist in which therapy

a. family
b. marriage
c. feminist
d. individual

51. Shapiro developed this technique that involves imaginal flooding, cognitive
restructuring and use of rapid eye movements & other bilateral stimulation to treat
clients with traumatic stress
a. biofeedback
b. relaxation training
c. eye movement desensitization & reprocessing
d. self-modification

52. Making conclusions without supporting & relevant evidence is

a. arbitrary inferences
b. overgeneralization
c. labeling & mislabeling
d. dichotomous thinking
53. Empowerment is a technique used in which therapy
a. family
b. marriage
c. feminist
d. individual

54. Humor is an example of

a. introjection
b. retroflection
c. deflection
d. confluence
55. Positive orientation is the basic premise of
a. existentialism
b. reality
c. person-centered
d. solution-focused

56. Clients imagining themselves thinking, feeling and behaving exactly the way they
like to think, feel and behave in real life is
a. rational emotive imagery
b. role playing
c. disputing irrational beliefs
d. psychoeducational method

57. What-if technique and involves preparing clients for feared consequences &
identifying problem – solving strategies
a. decentering
b. redefining
c. reattribution technique
d. decatastrophizing

58. Helps mobilizing clients who feel they have no control over a problem by rephrasing
the problem that promotes action
a. decentering
b. redefining
c. reattribution technique
d. decatastrophizing

59. Challenges thoughts & assumptions by exploring other possible causes of events
a. decentering
b. redefining
c. reattribution technique
 d. decatastrophizing

60. The counselee makes observations to obtain a more realistic understanding of other
people’s reactions.
a. decentering
b. redefining
c. reattribution technique
d. decatastrophizing

61. The therapy that emphasizes responsibility

a. psychoanalytic
b. cognitive
c. reality
d. behavior

62. Our core beliefs affect the kinds of attitudes, rules, and expectations and
assumptions we have in life.
a. Negative Beliefs
b. Automatic Thoughts
c. Intermediate Beliefs
d. Core Beliefs

63. Any event that occurs after the behavior is exhibited, which increases the probability
that the behavior will reoccur.
a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. maladaptive
d. coping

64. The removal of an aversive stimulus occurs when the desired behavior is exhibited.
a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. maladaptive
d. coping

65. “I know that Dave doesn’t understand my concern for my family. He probably just
thinks I can’t stand up for myself.” is an example of
a. personalization
b. catastrophizing
c. mind reading
d. labeling

67. Therapies that does not advocate diagnosis of psychological disorders are
 a. cognitive
b. rational emotive
c. reality
d. a & b

68. The genogram is used in what therapy

a. family
b. marriage
c. feminist
d. individual

69. It involves the cessation of behavior because it is not reinforced.

a. aversion
b. reinforcement
c. extinction
d. implosion

70. The technique that intensifies the individual’s anxiety by adding to the situation an
unlikely but plausible scenario.
a. aversion
b. reinforcement
c. extinction
d. implosion

71. It occurs when an individual exaggerates events by making them horrible.

a. awfulizing
b. I can’t stand this
c. absolute musts & should
d. people rating

72. An all or nothing thinking, it occurs when an individual views oneself or another
person as having all or none of a quality.
a. awfulizing
b. I can’t stand this
c. absolute musts & should
d. people rating

73. Which one is not an unlovable core belief

a. I am unlikeable, undesirable, ugly, boring; I have nothing to offer
b. I am unacceptable, bad, crazy, broken, nothing, a waste
c. I am unwanted & neglected
d. I am different, defective, not good enough to be loved
74. Which one is not a helpless core belief
a. I am different, defective & not good enough
b. I am vulnerable, weak, needy, likely to hurt
c. I am inadequate, ineffective, incompetent
d. I am inferior, a failure, a loser, not good enough; I don’t measure up to others

75. Which one is not a worthless core belief

a. I don’t deserve to live
b. I am hurtful, dangerous, toxic, evil
c. I am rejected, abandoned; I will always be alone
d. I am unacceptable, bad, crazy, broken, nothing, a waste

76. Questions that challenge counselees to think rationally about their situation in order
to illuminate alternative ways of understanding their predicaments is
a. Socratic questioning
b. Rational questioning
c. Narrative questioning
d. Cognitive questioning

77. What is not part of the caring habits

a. supporting
b. listening
c. respecting
d. loving

78. The cognitive distortion that views something out of proportion is

a. Arbitrary inference
b. Selective abstraction
c. Overgeneralization
d. magnification & minimization

79. Viewing something out of proportion is

a. Overgeneralization
b. magnification & minimization
c. personalization
d. dichotomous thinking

80. In Bowen’s Family System Therapy you would help a family improve boundaries by
a. identify pathologies
b. respond more rationally
c. ignore differences & focus on similarities
d. get in touch with affective concerns
81. What situation results in the maximum effectiveness of punishment?
a. delayed punishment following after each unwanted responses
b. delayed punishment following most unwanted responses
c. immediate punishment following each of the unwanted responses
d. intermittent immediate punishment following specific unwanted responses

82. Whose theory puts the effects of sibling position into a model with eight interlocking
concepts
a. Bowen
b. Adler
c. Piaget
d. Borne

83. Jake & Coreen drag their child to therapy because he is failing and delinquent in
school. What should the counselor do?
a. help the family with devising effective problem solving skills
b. make them do a genogram to recognize patterns
c. shift family alliances
d. see the problem as external

84. When a person exhibits _______ in family therapy, a psychoanalytic counselor

would probably employ interpretation because he knows this is a form of acting out
a. Resistance
b. Introjection
c. Interpretation
d. Projective identification

85. The principle of conditioning people to respond to a stimulus

a. classical conditioning
b. operant conditioning
c. reinforcement
d. self-efficacy

86. Learning cannot occur without reinforcement is

a. classical conditioning
b. operant conditioning
c. reinforcement
d. self –efficacy

87. A person’s belief in his/her ability to accomplish a particular task

a. classical conditioning
b. operant conditioning
c. reinforcement
 d. self-efficacy

88. Homework plays an integral role in what technique

a. cognitive
b. emotive
c. behavioral
d. all of the above

89. Fundamental beliefs & assumptions that develop early in life and are reinforced in
learning situations throughout life is called
a. bias
b. schemata
c. distortions
d. inferences

90. Self-analysis to determine to determine whether “what they are doing is working for
them in reality therapy system is the
a. W
b. D
c. E
d. P

91. Which is a misconception about feminist theory?

a. It evolved from the Women’s Liberation Movement is therefore antimale.
b. It is used to address lesbian issues & restricted to this issue.
c. It is developed to create a voice for women not men
d. all of the above

92. It attempts to address the interrelationship between internal & external forces
a. relational focus
b. social constructionist perspective
c. diversity & complexity in women’s lives
d. none of the above

93. The multiple roles and functions associated with being a woman.
a. relational focus
b. social constructionist perspective
c. diversity & complexity in women’s lives
d. none of the above

94. Basically men strive for autonomy & independence & women seek nurturance,
connecting & empathy.
a. relation focus
 b. social constructionist perspective
c. diversity & complexity in women’s lives
d. none of the above

95. Which technique is not used by feminist therapists

a. career counseling
b. behavioral techniques
c. bibliotherapy
d. none of the above

96. Actions caused by one family member influence the actions of all other family
members, affecting the functioning of the family is called.
a. family theory
b. systems theory
c. family system
d. none of the above

97. Which is not a characteristic of a healthy family functioning?

a. adaptability
b. boundary clarity
c. financial dependency
d. sense of humor

98. The goal of this therapy is action over insight in order to alter and reorganize a
family into a more functional & productive unit?
a. Strategic
b. Adlerain
c. Systems
d. Structural

99. Faulty learning is the cause of maladjustment in what approach?

a. Cognitive
b. Behavioral
c. REBT
d. Reality

100. Who provided the eight stage model for understanding family life?
a. Duvall
b. Epstein
c. Bowen
d. Goldenberg