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HTML Headings

HTML elements are used to define headings, paragraphs, links, images, buttons, lists, line breaks, quotes, and other content. Common elements include <h1> for main headings, <p> for paragraphs, <a> for links, <img> for images, <ul> and <ol> for unordered and ordered lists, and <br> for line breaks. Styles can be applied using the style attribute or internal CSS to control text formatting, colors, sizes, and other properties.

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Venice Aira Montañez
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© © All Rights Reserved
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54 views

HTML Headings

HTML elements are used to define headings, paragraphs, links, images, buttons, lists, line breaks, quotes, and other content. Common elements include <h1> for main headings, <p> for paragraphs, <a> for links, <img> for images, <ul> and <ol> for unordered and ordered lists, and <br> for line breaks. Styles can be applied using the style attribute or internal CSS to control text formatting, colors, sizes, and other properties.

Uploaded by

Venice Aira Montañez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>


<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as
attributes.

<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104"height="142">

HTML Buttons

HTML buttons are defined with the <button> tag

<button>Click me</button>

HTML Lists

HTML lists are defined with the <ul> (unordered/bullet list) or


the <ol>(ordered/numbered list) tag, followed by <li> tags (list items):

<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break):

<p>This is a <br> paragraph with a line break.</p>

The href Attribute

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in
the href attribute:

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

The src Attribute

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The filename of the image source is specified in the src attribute:

<img src="img_girl.jpg">

The width and height Attributes

Images in HTML have a set of size attributes, which specifies the width and height
of the image:

<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">

The alt Attribute

The alt attribute specifies an alternative text to be used, when an image cannot be
displayed.

The value of the attribute can be read by screen readers. This way, someone
"listening" to the webpage, e.g. a vision impaired person, can "hear" the element.

<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">

The style Attribute

The style attribute is used to specify the styling of an element, like color, font, size
etc.

<p style="color:red">I am a paragraph</p>


The lang Attribute

The language of the document can be declared in the <html> tag.

The language is declared with the lang attribute.

Declaring a language is important for accessibility applications (screen readers) and


search engines:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<body>

...

</body>
</html>

The title Attribute

Here, a title attribute is added to the <p> element. The value of the title attribute
will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the paragraph:

<p title="I'm a tooltip">


This is a paragraph.
</p>

Bigger Headings

Each HTML heading has a default size. However, you can specify the size for any
heading with the style attribute, using the CSS font-size property

<h1 style="font-size:60px;">Heading 1</h1>

HTML Horizontal Rules

The <hr> tag defines a thematic break in an HTML page, and is most often displayed
as a horizontal rule.

The <hr> element is used to separate content (or define a change) in an HTML
page:

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>


<p>This is some text.</p>
<hr>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<p>This is some other text.</p>
<hr>
The HTML <head> Element

The HTML <head> element has nothing to do with HTML headings.

The <head> element is a container for metadata. HTML metadata is data about the
HTML document. Metadata is not displayed.

The <head> element is placed between the <html> tag and the <body> tag:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>My First HTML</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>

<body>
.
.
.

HTML Paragraphs

The HTML <p> element defines a paragraph

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

HTML Line Breaks

The HTML <br> element defines a line break.

Use <br> if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

<p>This is<br>a paragraph<br>with line breaks.</p>

The HTML <pre> Element

The HTML <pre> element defines preformatted text.

The text inside a <pre> element is displayed in a fixed-width font (usually Courier),
and it preserves both spaces and line breaks:

<pre>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.
My Bonnie lies over the sea.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.


</pre>

The HTML Style Attribute

Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with the style attribute.

The HTML style attribute has the following syntax:

<tagname style="property:value;">

The property is a CSS property. The value is a CSS value.

TML Background Color

The background-color property defines the background color for an HTML element.

This example sets the background color for a page to powderblue:

<body style="background-color:powderblue;">

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>

HTML Text Color

The color property defines the text color for an HTML element:

<h1 style="color:blue;">This is a heading</h1>


<p style="color:red;">This is a paragraph.</p>

HTML Fonts

The font-family property defines the font to be used for an HTML element:

<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">This is a heading</h1>


<p style="font-family:courier;">This is a paragraph.</p>

HTML Text Size

The font-size property defines the text size for an HTML element:
<h1 style="font-size:300%;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-size:160%;">This is a paragraph.</p>

HTML Text Alignment

The text-align property defines the horizontal text alignment for an HTML
element:

<h1 style="text-align:center;">Centered Heading</h1>


<p style="text-align:center;">Centered paragraph.</p>

HTML Formatting Elements

In the previous chapter, you learned about the HTML style attribute.

HTML also defines special elements for defining text with a special meaning.

HTML uses elements like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italictext.

Formatting elements were designed to display special types of text:

 <b> - Bold text


 <strong> - Important text
 <i> - Italic text
 <em> - Emphasized text
 <mark> - Marked text
 <small> - Small text
 <del> - Deleted text
 <ins> - Inserted text
 <sub> - Subscript text
 <sup> - Superscript text

HTML <b> and <strong> Elements

The HTML <b> element defines bold text, without any extra importance.

<b>This text is bold</b>

The HTML <strong> element defines strong text, with added semantic "strong"
importance.

<strong>This text is strong</strong>

HTML <i> and <em> Elements

The HTML <i> element defines italic text, without any extra importance.
<i>This text is italic</i>

The HTML <em> element defines emphasized text, with added semantic importance.

<em>This text is emphasized</em>

HTML <small> Element

The HTML <small> element defines smaller text:

<h2>HTML <small>Small</small> Formatting</h2>

HTML <mark> Element

The HTML <mark> element defines marked or highlighted text:

<h2>HTML <mark>Marked</mark> Formatting</h2>

HTML <del> Element

The HTML <del> element defines deleted (removed) text.

<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> red.</p>

HTML <ins> Element

The HTML <ins> element defines inserted (added) text.

<p>My favorite <ins>color</ins> is red.</p>

HTML <sub> Element

The HTML <sub> element defines subscripted text.

<p>This is <sub>subscripted</sub> text.</p>

HTML <sup> Element

The HTML <sup> element defines superscripted


text.

<p>This is <sup>superscripted</sup> text.</p>

HTML <q> for Short Quotations

The HTML <q> element defines a short quotation.

Browsers usually insert quotation marks around the <q> element.


<p>WWF's goal is to: <q>Build a future where people live in harmony with
nature.</q></p>

HTML <blockquote> for Quotations

The HTML <blockquote> element defines a section that is quoted from another
source.

Browsers usually indent <blockquote> elements.

<p>Here is a quote from WWF's website:</p>


<blockquote cite="http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/index.html">
For 50 years, WWF has been protecting the future of nature.
The world's leading conservation organization,
WWF works in 100 countries and is supported by
1.2 million members in the United States and
close to 5 million globally.
</blockquote>

HTML <abbr> for Abbreviations

The HTML <abbr> element defines an abbreviation or an acronym.

Marking abbreviations can give useful information to browsers, translation systems


and search-engines.

<p>The <abbr title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr> was founded in


1948.</p>

HTML <address> for Contact Information

The HTML <address> element defines contact information (author/owner) of a


document or an article.

The <address> element is usually displayed in italic. Most browsers will add a line
break before and after the element.

<address>
Written by John Doe.<br>
Visit us at:<br>
Example.com<br>
Box 564, Disneyland<br>
USA
</address>

HTML <cite> for Work Title

The HTML <cite> element defines the title of a work.


Browsers usually display <cite> elements in italic.

<p><cite>The Scream</cite> by Edvard Munch. Painted in 1893.</p>

HTML <bdo> for Bi-Directional Override

The HTML <bdo> element defines bi-directional override.

The <bdo> element is used to override the current text direction:

<bdo dir="rtl">This text will be written from right to left</bdo>

HTML Comment Tags

You can add comments to your HTML source by using the following syntax:

<!-- Write your comments here -->

HTML colors are specified using predefined color names, or RGB, HEX, HSL, RGBA,
HSLA values.

Color Names

In HTML, a color can be specified by using a color name:

Tomato Orange
DodgerBlue MediumSeaGreen
Gray SlateBlue
Violent LightGray
<body>

<h1 style="background-color:Tomato;">Tomato</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:Orange;">Orange</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:DodgerBlue;">DodgerBlue</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:MediumSeaGreen;">MediumSeaGreen</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:Gray;">Gray</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:SlateBlue;">SlateBlue</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:Violet;">Violet</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:LightGray;">LightGray</h1>
</body>

Background Color

You can set the background color for HTML elements:

Example
<h1 style="background-color:DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1>
<p style="background-color:Tomato;">Lorem ipsum...</p>

Text Color

You can set the color of text:

<h1 style="color:Tomato;">Hello World</h1>


<p style="color:DodgerBlue;">Lorem ipsum...</p>
<p style="color:MediumSeaGreen;">Ut wisi enim...</p>

Border Color

You can set the color of borders:

<h1 style="border:2px solid Tomato;">Hello World</h1>


<h1 style="border:2px solid DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1>
<h1 style="border:2px solid Violet;">Hello World</h1>

Color Values

In HTML, colors can also be specified using RGB values, HEX values, HSL values,
RGBA values, and HSLA values:

Same as color name "Tomato":

Example
<h1 style="background-color:rgb(255, 99, 71);">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#ff6347;">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(9, 100%, 64%);">...</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.5);">...</h1>


<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.5);">...</h1>

HEX Value

In HTML, a color can be specified using a hexadecimal value in the form:


#rrggbb

Where rr (red), gg (green) and bb (blue) are hexadecimal values between 00 and ff
(same as decimal 0-255).

For example, #ff0000 is displayed as red, because red is set to its highest value (ff)
and the others are set to the lowest value (00).

<h1 style="background-color:#ff0000;">#ff0000</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#0000ff;">#0000ff</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#3cb371;">#3cb371</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#ee82ee;">#ee82ee</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#ffa500;">#ffa500</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#6a5acd;">#6a5acd</h1>

HSL Value

In HTML, a color can be specified using hue, saturation, and lightness (HSL) in the
form:

hsl(hue, saturation, lightness)

Hue is a degree on the color wheel from 0 to 360. 0 is red, 120 is green, and 240 is
blue.

Saturation is a percentage value, 0% means a shade of gray, and 100% is the full
color.

Lightness is also a percentage, 0% is black, 50% is neither light or dark, 100% is


white

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 50%);">hsl(0, 100%, 50%)</h1>


<h1 style="background-color:hsl(240, 100%, 50%);">hsl(240, 100%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(147, 50%, 47%);">hsl(147, 50%, 47%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(300, 76%, 72%);">hsl(300, 76%, 72%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(39, 100%, 50%);">hsl(39, 100%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(248, 53%, 58%);">hsl(248, 53%, 58%)</h1>

Saturation

Saturation can be described as the intensity of a color.


100% is pure color, no shades of gray

50% is 50% gray, but you can still see the color.

0% is completely gray, you can no longer see the color.

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 50%);">hsl(0, 100%, 50%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 80%, 50%);">hsl(0, 80%, 50%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 60%, 50%);">hsl(0, 60%, 50%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 40%, 50%);">hsl(0, 40%, 50%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 20%, 50%);">hsl(0, 20%, 50%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 50%);">hsl(0, 0%, 50%)</h1>

Lightness

The lightness of a color can be described as how much light you want to give the
color, where 0% means no light (black), 50% means 50% light (neither dark nor
light) 100% means full lightness (white).

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 0%);">hsl(0, 100%, 0%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 25%);">hsl(0, 100%, 25%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 50%);">hsl(0, 100%, 50%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 75%);">hsl(0, 100%, 75%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 90%);">hsl(0, 100%, 90%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 100%);">hsl(0, 100%, 100%)</h1>

Shades of gray are often defined by setting the hue and saturation to 0, and adjust
the lightness from 0% to 100% to get darker/lighter shades:
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 0%);">hsl(0, 0%, 0%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 24%);">hsl(0, 0%, 24%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 47%);">hsl(0, 0%, 47%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 71%);">hsl(0, 0%, 71%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 94%);">hsl(0, 0%, 94%)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 100%);">hsl(0, 0%, 100%)</h1>


RGBA Value

RGBA color values are an extension of RGB color values with an alpha channel -
which specifies the opacity for a color.

An RGBA color value is specified with:

rgba(red, green, blue, alpha)

The alpha parameter is a number between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (not
transparent at all):

<h1 style="background-color:rgba(255, 99, 71, 0);">rgba(255, 99, 71, 0)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.2);">rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.2)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.4);">rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.4)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.6);">rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.6)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.8);">rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.8)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:rgba(255, 99, 71, 1);">rgba(255, 99, 71, 1)</h1>

HSLA Value

HSLA color values are an extension of HSL color values with an alpha channel -
which specifies the opacity for a color.

An HSLA color value is specified with:

hsla(hue, saturation, lightness, alpha)

The alpha parameter is a number between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (not
transparent at all):

<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.2);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.2)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.4);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.4)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.6);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.6)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.8);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.8)</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 1);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 1)</h1>


Styling HTML with CSS

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.

CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or


in other media.

CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at
once.

CSS can be added to HTML elements in 3 ways:

 Inline - by using the style attribute in HTML elements


 Internal - by using a <style> element in the <head> section
 External - by using an external CSS file

Inline CSS

An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.

An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element.

This example sets the text color of the <h1> element to blue:

<h1 style="color:blue;">This is a Blue Heading</h1>

Internal CSS

An internal CSS is used to define a style for a single HTML page.

An internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within


a <style> element:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color: powderblue;}
h1 {color: blue;}
p {color: red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

External CSS

An external style sheet is used to define the style for many HTML pages.

With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire web site,
by changing one file!

To use an external style sheet, add a link to it in the <head> section of the HTML
page:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file must not contain
any HTML code, and must be saved with a .css extension.

Here is how the "styles.css" looks:

body {
background-color: powderblue;
}
h1 {
color: blue;
}
p {
color: red;
}

CSS Fonts

The CSS color property defines the text color to be used.

The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used.

The CSS font-size property defines the text size to be used.


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: blue;
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 300%;
}
p {
color: red;
font-family: courier;
font-size: 160%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

CSS Border

The CSS border property defines a border around an HTML element:

p {
border: 1px solid powderblue;
}

CSS Padding

The CSS padding property defines a padding (space) between the text and the
border:

p {
border: 1px solid powderblue;
padding: 30px;
}

CSS Margin

The CSS margin property defines a margin (space) outside the border:
p {
border: 1px solid powderblue;
margin: 50px;
}

The id Attribute

To define a specific style for one special element, add an id attribute to the
element:

<p id="p01">I am different</p>

then define a style for the element with the specific id:

#p01 {
color: blue;
}

The class Attribute

To define a style for special types of elements, add a class attribute to the
element:

<p class="error">I am different</p>

then define a style for the elements with the specific class:

p.error {
color: red;
}

External References

External style sheets can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the
current web page.

This example uses a full URL to link to a style sheet:

<link rel="stylesheet"href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/styles.css">

This example links to a style sheet located in the html folder on the current web
site:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/html/styles.css">

This example links to a style sheet located in the same folder as the current page:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">


HTML Links

Links are found in nearly all web pages. Links allow users to click their way from
page to page.

HTML Links - Hyperlinks

HTML links are hyperlinks.

You can click on a link and jump to another document.

When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand.

HTML Links - Syntax

In HTML, links are defined with the <a> tag:

<a href="url">link text</a>


<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>

The href attribute specifies the destination address


(https://www.w3schools.com/html/) of the link.

The link text is the visible part (Visit our HTML tutorial).

Clicking on the link text will send you to the specified address.

Local Links

The example above used an absolute URL (a full web address).

A local link (link to the same web site) is specified with a relative URL (without
https://www....).

<a href="html_images.asp">HTML Images</a>

HTML Link Colors

By default, a link will appear like this (in all browsers):

 An unvisited link is underlined and blue


 A visited link is underlined and purple
 An active link is underlined and red

You can change the default colors, by using CSS:


<style>
a:link {
color: green;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: none;
}

a:visited {
color: pink;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
color: red;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: underline;
}

a:active {
color: yellow;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: underline;
}
</style>

HTML Links - The target Attribute

The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.

The target attribute can have one of the following values:

 _blank - Opens the linked document in a new window or tab


 _self - Opens the linked document in the same window/tab as it was clicked
(this is default)
 _parent - Opens the linked document in the parent frame
 _top - Opens the linked document in the full body of the window
 framename - Opens the linked document in a named frame

This example will open the linked document in a new browser window/tab:

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>

Tip: If your webpage is locked in a frame, you can use target="_top" to break out
of the frame:

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/" target="_top">HTML5 tutorial!</a>


HTML Links - Image as Link

It is common to use images as links:

<a href="default.asp">
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML
tutorial"style="width:42px;height:42px;border:0;">
</a>

Link Titles

The title attribute specifies extra information about an element. The information is
most often shown as a tooltip text when the mouse moves over the element.

Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/" title="Go to W3Schools HTML
section">Visit our HTML Tutorial</a>

HTML Links - Create a Bookmark

HTML bookmarks are used to allow readers to jump to specific parts of a Web page.

Bookmarks can be useful if your webpage is very long.

To make a bookmark, you must first create the bookmark, and then add a link to it.

When the link is clicked, the page will scroll to the location with the bookmark.

Example

First, create a bookmark with the id attribute:

<h2 id="C4">Chapter 4</h2>

Then, add a link to the bookmark ("Jump to Chapter 4"), from within the same
page:

<a href="#C4">Jump to Chapter 4</a>

Or, add a link to the bookmark ("Jump to Chapter 4"), from another page:

<a href="html_demo.html#C4">Jump to Chapter 4</a>

External Paths

External pages can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the
current web page.
This example uses a full URL to link to a web page:

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp">HTML tutorial</a>

This example links to a page located in the html folder on the current web site:

<a href="/html/default.asp">HTML tutorial</a>

This example links to a page located in the same folder as the current page:

<a href="default.asp">HTML tutorial</a>

HTML Images

Example
<img src="pic_trulli.jpg" alt="Italian Trulli">

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket">

HTML Images Syntax

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.

The <img> tag is empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag.

The src attribute specifies the URL (web address) of the image:

<img src="url">

The alt Attribute

The alt attribute provides an alternate text for an image, if the user for some
reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or
if the user uses a screen reader).

The value of the alt attribute should describe the image:

<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania">

If a browser cannot find an image, it will display the value of the alt attribute:

<img src="wrongname.gif" alt="Flowers in Chania">

Image Size - Width and Height

You can use the style attribute to specify the width and height of an image.
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a
jacket"style="width:500px;height:600px;">

Alternatively, you can use the width and height attributes:

<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket" width="500"height="600">

Width and Height, or Style?

The width, height, and style attributes are valid in HTML5.

However, we suggest using the style attribute. It prevents styles sheets from
changing the size of images:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
img {
width: 100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<img src="html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" width="128" height="128">


<img src="html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon"style="width:128px;height:128px;">

</body>
</html>

Images in Another Folder

If not specified, the browser expects to find the image in the same folder as the
web page.

However, it is common to store images in a sub-folder. You must then include the
folder name in the src attribute:

<img src="/images/html5.gif" alt="HTML5


Icon"style="width:128px;height:128px;">

Images on Another Server

Some web sites store their images on image servers.

Actually, you can access images from any web address in the world:
<img src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/w3schools_green.jpg"alt="W3Schools
.com">

Animated Images

HTML allows animated GIFs:

<img src="programming.gif" alt="Computer Man"style="width:48px;height:48px;">

Image as a Link

To use an image as a link, put the <img> tag inside the <a> tag:

<a href="default.asp">
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML
tutorial"style="width:42px;height:42px;border:0;">
</a>

Image Floating

Use the CSS float property to let the image float to the right or to the left of a
text:

<p><img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley


face"style="float:right;width:42px;height:42px;">
The image will float to the right of the text.</p>

<p><img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley


face"style="float:left;width:42px;height:42px;">
The image will float to the left of the text.</p>

Image Maps

The <map> tag defines an image-map. An image-map is an image with clickable


areas.

In the image below, click on the computer, the phone, or the cup of coffee:
<img src="workplace.jpg" alt="Workplace" usemap="#workmap">

<map name="workmap">
<area shape="rect" coords="34,44,270,350" alt="Computer"href="computer.htm"
>
<area shape="rect" coords="290,172,333,250" alt="Phone"href="phone.htm">
<area shape="circle" coords="337,300,44" alt="Coffee"href="coffee.htm">
</map>

The name attribute of the <map> tag is associated with the <img>'s usemap attribute
and creates a relationship between the image and the map.

The <map> element contains a number of <area> tags, that define the clickable areas
in the image-map.

Background Image

To add a background image on an HTML element, use the CSS propertybackground-


image:

To add a background image on a web page, specify the background-image property on the BODY
element:

<body style="background-image:url('clouds.jpg');">

<h2>Background Image</h2>

</body>

Example

To add a background image on a paragraph, specify the background-image


property on the P element:

<body>

<p style="background-image:url('clouds.jpg');">
...
</p>

</body>

The <picture> Element

HTML5 introduced the <picture> element to add more flexibility when specifying
image resources.
The <picture> element contains a number of <source> elements, each referring to
different image sources. This way the browser can choose the image that best fits
the current view and/or device.

Each <source> element have attributes describing when their image is the most
suitable.

The browser will use the first <source> element with matching attribute values, and
ignore any following <source> elements.

Example

Show one picture if the browser window (viewport) is a minimum of 650 pixels, and another image if
not, but larger than 465 pixels.

<picture>
<source media="(min-width: 650px)"srcset="img_pink_flowers.jpg">
<source media="(min-width: 465px)"srcset="img_white_flower.jpg">
<img src="img_orange_flowers.jpg" alt="Flowers"style="width:auto;">
</picture>

HTML Tables
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table {
font-family: arial, sans-serif;
border-collapse: collapse;
width: 100%;
}

td, th {
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
text-align: left;
padding: 8px;
}
tr:nth-child(even) {
background-color: #dddddd;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>HTML Table</h2>

<table>
<tr>
<th>Company</th>
<th>Contact</th>
<th>Country</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Alfreds Futterkiste</td>
<td>Maria Anders</td>
<td>Germany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Centro comercial Moctezuma</td>
<td>Francisco Chang</td>
<td>Mexico</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ernst Handel</td>
<td>Roland Mendel</td>
<td>Austria</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Island Trading</td>
<td>Helen Bennett</td>
<td>UK</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Laughing Bacchus Winecellars</td>
<td>Yoshi Tannamuri</td>
<td>Canada</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Magazzini Alimentari Riuniti</td>
<td>Giovanni Rovelli</td>
<td>Italy</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

Defining an HTML Table

An HTML table is defined with the <table> tag.

Each table row is defined with the <tr> tag. A table header is defined with
the <th> tag. By default, table headings are bold and centered. A table data/cell is
defined with the <td> tag

<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
</table>

HTML Table - Adding a Border

If you do not specify a border for the table, it will be displayed without borders.

A border is set using the CSS border property:

table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
}

HTML Table - Collapsed Borders

If you want the borders to collapse into one border, add the CSS border-
collapse property:

table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}

HTML Table - Adding Cell Padding

Cell padding specifies the space between the cell content and its borders.

If you do not specify a padding, the table cells will be displayed without padding.

To set the padding, use the CSS padding property:

th, td {
padding: 15px;
}

HTML Table - Left-align Headings

By default, table headings are bold and centered.

To left-align the table headings, use the CSS text-align property:


th {
text-align: left;
}

HTML Table - Adding Border Spacing

Border spacing specifies the space between the cells.

To set the border spacing for a table, use the CSS border-spacing property:

table {
border-spacing: 5px;
}

HTML Table - Cells that Span Many Columns

To make a cell span more than one column, use the colspan attribute:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
padding: 5px;
text-align: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Cell that spans two columns</h2>


<p>To make a cell span more than one column, use the colspan attribute.</p>
<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th colspan="2">Telephone</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bill Gates</td>
<td>55577854</td>
<td>55577855</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

HTML Table - Cells that Span Many Rows

To make a cell span more than one row, use the rowspan attribute:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
padding: 5px;
text-align: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Cell that spans two rows</h2>


<p>To make a cell span more than one row, use the rowspan attribute.</p>

<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td>Bill Gates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th>
<td>55577854</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>55577855</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

HTML Table - Adding a Caption

To add a caption to a table, use the <caption> tag:

<table style="width:100%">
<caption>Monthly savings</caption>
<tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>February</td>
<td>$50</td>
</tr>
</table>

A Special Style for One Table

To define a special style for a special table, add an id attribute to the table:

<table id="t01">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
</table>
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
padding: 15px;
text-align: left;
}
table#t01 {
width: 100%;
background-color: #f1f1c1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Styling Tables</h2>

<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John</td>
<td>Doe</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>

<table id="t01">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John</td>
<td>Doe</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>
Now you can define a special style for this table:
table#t01 {
width: 100%;
background-color: #f1f1c1;
}
Add more style

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<style>

table {

width:100%;

table, th, td {

border: 1px solid black;

border-collapse: collapse;

th, td {

padding: 15px;

text-align: left;

table#t01 tr:nth-child(even) {

background-color: #eee;

table#t01 tr:nth-child(odd) {

background-color: #fff;

table#t01 th {

background-color: black;

color: white;
}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h2>Styling Tables</h2>

<table>

<tr>

<th>Firstname</th>

<th>Lastname</th>

<th>Age</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Jill</td>

<td>Smith</td>

<td>50</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Eve</td>

<td>Jackson</td>

<td>94</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>John</td>

<td>Doe</td>

<td>80</td>

</tr>

</table>
<br>

<table id="t01">

<tr>

<th>Firstname</th>

<th>Lastname</th>

<th>Age</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Jill</td>

<td>Smith</td>

<td>50</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Eve</td>

<td>Jackson</td>

<td>94</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>John</td>

<td>Doe</td>

<td>80</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

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