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Concepts of Filtration

This document discusses concepts and terminology related to filtration, including types of filters, retention mechanisms, and filter layers. It defines key terms like flow rate, throughput, dirt holding capacity, porosity, and pore size. It also describes different types of filters based on material, construction, and retention efficiency. Finally, it provides details on single, double, and multiple filter layers and discusses components like o-rings, supports, and capsules.

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Sin Poul
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49 views

Concepts of Filtration

This document discusses concepts and terminology related to filtration, including types of filters, retention mechanisms, and filter layers. It defines key terms like flow rate, throughput, dirt holding capacity, porosity, and pore size. It also describes different types of filters based on material, construction, and retention efficiency. Finally, it provides details on single, double, and multiple filter layers and discusses components like o-rings, supports, and capsules.

Uploaded by

Sin Poul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONCEPTS OF FILTRATION & PRACTICES

APPLICATION
• Pre-Filter
• Clarify
• Sterilize
• Separate
• Concentre
• De-Salt

FILTRATION TERMINOLOGY
Flow Rate:
Speed of liquid or gas flow through a filter.
Throughput:
The total volume of liquid or gas which can be passed through a filter.
Dirt Holding Capacity:
The number of particles a filter can hold before blocking liquid or gas flow.
Porosity:
The number of pores in a given area of membrane, in other words, pore volume or void
Pore Size/Retention Rating:
The diameter of the pores in the membrane.
Hydrophilic/phobic :
Water-loving/Water-repellent.
Differential Pressure/Pressure Drop:
The difference in pressure on the upstream and downstream sides of the membrane.
EFA:
Effective Filtration Area

1
RETENTION MECHANISMS
-Direct Impaction = Sieving
-Inertial Impaction = A small particle is trapped by the filter media due to its own
momentum.
-Diffusional Impaction=A very small particle is trapped by the filter media due to its
own diffusion.
-Adsorption=Dependent on the Operating Conditions: -Pressure Drop
-No. of Particles
-Surface Tension
-pH/Ionic Conditions

TYPES OF FILTERS
Membrane Depth Other
Cellulose Acetate Polypropylene Stainless Steel
PVDF Glass Fiber Ceramic
Nylon Polycarbonate
Polysulfone
Polyethersulfone
PTFE

Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic

Hydrophilic: Water loving >> used for liquid filtration


Hydrophobic: Water repellant >> used for gas filtration or
aggressive organic solution /
solvents

Determined by the Material of Construction of the membrane of the filter

Pleated vs Wound

Pleated: high surface area + thin layer

>> higher flow rate


>> lower dirt holding capacity

Wound: low surface area + thick layer

>> lower flow rate


>> higher dirt holding capacity

2
Determined by the construction process
Absolute vs. Nominal

Absolute Filter retains 100% of the unwanted particles of a defined size when performed
according to defined parameters
Ex: Sterilizing grade filter acc. To HIMA

Nominal Filter retains only a certain amount of particles

Determined by the Material of Construction and the retention efficiency

Definition of a sterilizing grade filter


a sterilizing grade filter cartridge should produce a sterile effluent when challenged with a
minimum concentration of 107 Brevundimonas diminuta organisms / cm2 of filter area”
when conducted according to the HIMA test method
-> document “Microbiological Evaluation of Filters for Sterilizing liquids”

FILTER LAYERS
Single layer: 1 layer

Double layers: 2 layers -same pore size = homogeneous


Ex: 0.2mic + 0.2mic
-different pore size = heterogeneous
Ex: 0.45mic + 0.2mic

Multiple layers:>3 layers -different pore size = heterogeneous


Ex: 8mic + 5mic + 3mic

O-rings All Polypropylene


Silicon: standard Upstream & Downstream support layers
Viton & EPDM: according End caps & Adaptors
To chemical compatibility Inner core & outer Capsule body

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