TIME TABLE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM MODULES AND SPECIFICATIONS

CONTENTS

S NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. ABSTRACT 2

2. OVERVIEW 2-3

3. INTRODUCTION 3-4

4. SYSTEM OBJECTIVE 4

5. CLASSSES 4-6

6. IMPLEMENTATION 7-1

7. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 11-17

8. UML DIAGRAMS 18-24

9. CONCLUSION 25

1 REFERENCE 26

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ABSTRACT:

The hand operated system of time table preparation in colleges is very monotonous and time-
consuming which results in either the same teachers ending up with more than one class at a time
or a number of classes conflicting at the same classroom. Due to a non-automatic perspective,
absolute utilization of resources has proven ineffective. Generating educational timetables
manually often involves numerous rounds of changes before they can be satisfactory. Usually
such a process takes several days, and often the quality of the timetables is compromised due to
pressure to release the timetables on time.

Automatic generation of timetables then seems to be an attractive alternative to manual

approach. But this approach is not without problems. In fact, most timetabling problems are NP-
complete and most researchers are interested in investigating efficient algorithms for
solving the problem. The system will take different inputs like number of subjects, teachers,
maximum lectures a teacher can conduct, priority considering which, it will create feasible time
tables for working days of the week, making excellent application of all resources in a way
which will be best suited for the constraints. A suitable timetable is then chosen from the optimal

solutions generated.

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OVERVIEW:

Timetable Management System is a web based system which is developed for lecturers and
students as their online timetable. It would contain three modules: administrator module,
lecturer module and student module.

The functions of the administrator module are to handle the entire administrator task.
Administrator has to register the entire students for the first time. Administrator also has to
handle the additional, editing and deleting classes and subject as well.

For the lecturer module it contains the function to view timetable for the specific lecturer and the
master timetable for that semester. Lecturer can inquire for the class available and can book for
the free classes. Students module contains the functionality of add and drop subject. Students can
view and get the registration slip from the system.

Timetable Management System also contains a database, which stores the lecturers and students
personal details. Only the administrator can view, add and delete the data in the timetable. The
time tabling problem can be modeled as a constraint satisfaction point an institute, two courses
taught by the same faculty member cannot be scheduled for the same time slot. Similarly, two
courses that are required by the same group of students also should not conflict problem with
many parameter and loose constraints. These constraints have to be modeled in a format that can
be handled efficiently by the scheduling algorithm. The scheduling involves allowing for a
number of pair wise restrictions on which tasks can be done simultaneously. For instance, in
attempting to schedule classes.

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INTRODUCTION:

Even though most college administrative work has been computerized, the lecture timetable
schedule is still mostly done manually due to its inherent difficulties. The lecture-timetable
scheduling is a Constraint satisfaction problem in which we find a solution that satisfies the
given set of constraints. Currently timetable is managed manually. It will help to manage all the
periods automatically. It Maximum and minimum work load for a Faculty for a day and week
will be specified for the efficient generation of timetable. Timetable Scheduler targets to develop
software for college in order to handle the „Timetable Formation‟ for the staff. The head of
every Department has problem in delegating work to their subordinates and response for the
work position. This work resolves the problem by permitting the lectures to see their assigned
subject and timetable. This software helps to handle the particulars of the timetable of staff.

HTML/CSS/BOOTSTRAP is employed as front end which is used to craft the user interface.
My SQL is employed as back end and used to craft the database and save the particulars.
Anybody with a little computer knowledge can approach and deal with the software with ease;
hence it can be termed user friendly. Hence it offers security to the users by offering perfect
login. The process of preparing a timetable involves beneficial employment of resources which
needs to be confronted each year by every educational institute.

Most colleges have a number of different courses and each course has a number of subjects. Now
there are limited faculties, each faculty teaching more than one subjects. So now the time table
needed to schedule the faculty at provided time slots in such a way that their timings do not
overlap and the time table schedule makes best use of all faculty subject demands. This object
comprises of Classroom objects and the timetable for every it likewise a fitness score for the
timetable. Fitness score relates to the quantity of crashes the timetable has regarding alternate
calendars for different classes. Classroom object comprises of week objects. Week objects
comprise of days, comprises of timeslots. Timeslot has an address in which a subject, student
gathering going to the address and educator showing the subject is related. The manual timetable
scheduling demands considerable time and efforts along with lots of paperwork.

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The timetable scheduling can also be considered as a Constraint satisfaction problem

(CSP),which is a unique concept in Artificial Intelligence ,in which we find a solution that
satisfies the given set of constraints. Time table scheduling has been in human requirements
since they thought of managing time effectively. It is widely used in schools, colleges and other
fields of teaching. In early days, time table scheduling was done manually with a single person or
some group involved in task of scheduling it with their hands, which take lot of effort and time.
While scheduling, even the smallest constraints can take a lot of time and the case is even worse
when the number of constraints or the amount of data to deal with increases. Other cases that can
causes problem is when the number of Faculties (Teaching Staff) are less, resulting in
rescheduling of time table or they need to fill on empty seats urgently. In such cases Automated
time table, scheduling can be a very convenient method for managing it in computers with
algorithms also proving to be eco-friendly for no paperwork.

The class timetabling difficulty could be a planning formula with nice interest and implications
within the fields of operational analysis and AI. Most institutes subsume this drawback
manually, i.e. an effort and error methodology is employed to line a timetable. whereas setting a
timetable, importance is given to effective utilization of re that becomes a really exhausting task
that has to be self-addressed a minimum of once a year by each educational institute.

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System Objective:

The main objective of developing the Timetable Management System is to have a quality and
feasible timetable which is to improve the current system that FCSIT is using. Another objective
is the system should be user-friendly and easy to maintain. The system produced should be easily
modified to address any form of constraints in an actual situation. The system should also be
robust and produce a feasible solution for any big problem.

Classes:

1. Design Class Diagram

2. Once classes are designed we need to use Flask Web Application framework in Python
3. Implement code for following classes as per Class Diagram
○ Create one class with the name Subject
i. Create relevant fields & functions inside it
1. Set Subject Code
2. Get Subject Code
3. Set Subject Name
4. Get Subject Name
5. Set Department
6. Get Department
7. Set Semester
8. Get Semester
9. Is Grade based on Marks based
10. Set Max Grade / Marks External
11. Get Max Grade / Marks External
12. Set Max Grade / Marks Internal
13. Get Max Grade / Marks Internal
14. Set Pass Grade / Marks External
15. Get Pass Grade / Marks External
16. Set Pass Grade / Marks Internal
17. Get Pass Grade / Marks Internal

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18. Is Lab or Theory

19. Is Elective
○ Create one Subject Service class
○ Inside this class there are 4 main functions
i. Add Subjects
ii. Get Subjects
1. Get Subject By Code
2. Get Subjects By Name
3. Get Subjects By Department
4. Get Subjects by Semester
5. Get Subjects by Max Marks External
6. Get Subjects by Max Marks Internal
7. Get Subjects by Pass Marks External
8. Get Subjects by Pass Marks Internal
9. Get Theory Subjects
10. Get Lab Subjects
11. Get Elective Subjects
12. Much more depending upon the situation we will encounter later on
iii. Delete Subject
1. Corresponding list of delete functions will be required
iv. Update Subject
1. Corresponding list of update functions will be required
4. Once Subject Management is clear, create similar set of classes for
○ Department
○ Teacher
○ Student
○ Classroom
○ Laboratory
○ Classroom Session
○ Role (Admin / Dean / HoD / Staff / Student)
○ Authentication Module

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○ Authorization Module
○ Email Module
5. Authentication Module
○ Manage Authentication using following three possible Service / Class
i. Using our basic authentication\
1. In this service basic userid and password is compared with what have
in our database
ii. Using Google credentials / login
1. Use Google OAuth service
iii. Using Facebook credentials / login
1. Use Facebook OAuth service
○ Forgot Password Service / Class
○ Reset Password Service / Class
○ OTP Service
6. Create Web interface for whole Subject Management System
○ Create complete Subject Management Use Case Diagram
○ Create set of classes acting as web service
○ Create Front End html for this subject management
○ Create relevant MySQL table(s) also
i. In this case only one table with the name tbl_subjects and fields corresponding
to each field in the class mentioned above
7. Security Perspective
○ HTTPS implementation (Lower Priority)

IMPLEMENTATION:

A. Modules
It has developed in three modules
Insertion Module
Allocation module
Display module

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1) Insertion Module: In this module we provide various user inputs to our system
which acts raw data for creating the final time table Fig.1
Faculty Details In this sub module we insert various details of faculty such as
faculty name, email and contact number. And we also provide a unique faculty id
which helps in referencing throughout our software and it also acts a login
credentials.
Subject Details In this sub module we insert details of subjects that are in our
curriculum such and subject name. We try to store the theory subjects and lab
subjects separately in our database so that it becomes easy for us in future use.
Mapping in this sub module we take user input such as which faculty is taking
which theory subjects and which lab in a particular semester and we store it our
insertion module

Fig. 1 Insertion Module diagram for Time table scheduler

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2) Allocation Module: In this module, user can choose any semester randomly to
start the process. He starts filling the slots from the Monday by selecting a particular
subject. Faculty that is mapped with that subject gets allotted to that slot of the day.
The various soft and hard constraints are checked every time the slot is filled. It will
not be blocked if any of the constraints is not satisfying .We are checking all these
constraints by writing query in stored procedure and using the database data figure.

Fig. 2 Allocation Module diagram for Time table schedule.

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3) Display Module: In this module we can view how the time table is generated
of each class. We have also provided the feature to view the class time table and
faculty wise time table Fig 3
Class Wise Time Table In this we can view the class wise generated time table by
selecting the particular semester which we want to see. The time table will have
subject with faculty who handling that subject.
Faculty Wise Time Table In this we can view all the subject name that are handled
by a particular faculty.

Fig. 3 Display Module diagram for Time table scheduler

The system contains Faculty and class rooms.

Function: Subject allocation
Input: subject faculty and semester
Output: timetable

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Logic:
Step 1: Read subject, faculty and semester from the tables subject, faculty and
semester respectively.
Step 2: Validate the details and processing is done
Step 3: Subject allocated for faculty’s successfully in the table named Timetable.
Function: View Timetable
Input: Subject Semester, Faculty Output: Timetable
Logic:
Step 1: Read subject, faculty and semester from the tables subject, faculty and
semester respectively.
Step 2: Timetable generated successfully in the table called timetable.

System formed:

System analysis, sometimes called requirement analysis, is the process of gathering information
about the current system, identifying its strengths and problems, and analyzing them to produce a
concept for the new system. The goal of this analysis stage is to truly understand the
requirements for the new system and develop a system concept that addresses them. In the
current case, there is a current system that used in FCSIT. The analysis that will be done would
be on how a current system works and the new requirement to improve the timetable system.

A. Current Timetable System

The current manual timetable system is use by postgraduate and undergraduate. This manual
system will make sure there are no clashes for the every timetable produced. The current
timetable always change and involved many lecturer to handle it. It’s taking too much of their
time. The conclusion is they need a system to help and improve the process of preparing the
timetable.

B. User Analysis

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The users of this system are divided into three categories. The first category would be the
lecturers who need their own timetable and master timetable for the semester. They also want to
enquire if the class is available or not to do the additional or replacement class and can book the
class straight away. The second category would be the students who want to add and drop the
subject. They also can have their timetable and registration slip. The third category would only
contain the administrator, who would be able to monitor and control the Timetable Management
System, which includes the lecturers and students data.

C. Content Acquisition

The contents of Timetable Management System, which include text and graphics, would be
acquired from the following sources described below.

Text

Most of the text content are look and feel used in Timetable Management System is taken from a
few scraped ideas and going through reference materials during the literature review and
research studies.

Graphics

As graphics plays an important role to attract browser attention, creative and nice graphics are
needed. Most of the graphics are downloaded from the Internet and further modified using either
Adobe Photoshop of Macromedia Fireworks. The logo and banner are created using Adobe
Photoshop.

D. USE CASE

UML use case diagrams are used to describe the main processes and functionality of the UML
use case diagrams are used to describe the main processes and functionality of the Timetable
Management System. The purpose of having use case diagram is to identify the scope of the
system. Three use case diagrams have been created for timetable system: one for the lecturer,
students and the administrator.

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Figure 1: Lecturer’s Section Use Cases

Lecturer can log-in to Timetable Management System, using their usernames and passwords.
System displays the main menu if log-in is successful. If the username and password are not
accepted, system displays a message indicating that the username or password is invalid. Once
the lecturer logs in, he or she can perform the processes (use cases) like view class, view
timetable, view master timetable, inquiry class available, class booking and change password.

Table 1: Lecturer’s Section Use Cases Description

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USE CASE DESCRIPTION

Log-in Lecturer need to log in using the username and password
giving by the administrator

View Class Lecturer can view class, by using this function they can see
the subject code, credit hour, class, day and time.

View Timetable Lecturer can view their timetable by using this function

View Master Timetable Lecturer can view the master timetable for the semester.

Inquiry Class Available All lecturers are allowed to inquire the class available for the
semester.
Class Booking All lecturers can book class if they want to do the additional
class.

Change Password Lecturers can change password if necessary.

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Figure 2: Student’s Section Use Cases

Student can log-in to Timetable Management System, using their usernames and password,
system displays the main menu if log-in is successful. If the username and password are not
accepted, system displays a message indicating that the username or password is invalid. Once
the student logs in, he or she can perform the processes (use cases) like add subjects, drop
subject, view timetable, view registration slip and can change password.

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Table 2: Student’s Section Use Cases Description

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Figure 3: Administrator’s Section Use Cases

The administrator does not need to register, as his or her username and password is fixed in the
database. The administrator needs to log in to Timetable Management System in order to manage
the system. Besides logging in, the seven main use cases for the administrator are student
registration, lecturer registration, add class, edit class, delete class, add subject, edit subject and
delete subject.

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Table 3: Administrator’s Section Use Cases Description

UML DIAGRAMS:

Figure1: Use case diagram of time table management system.

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Figure 2: Class view of time table management system.

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Figure3: Activity diagram for edit Time Table.

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Figure4: Sequence diagram.

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Figure5: SEQUENCE DIAGRAM {ADD TEACHER}.

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Figure6: Sequence diagram {Delete Teacher}

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Figure7: SEQUENCE DIAGRAM [ADD TEACHER]

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RESULT ANALYSIS

Figure 8: Login Window

FIG.9 ADMIN PAGE VIEW

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CONCLUSION:

Our approach of developing automated timetable system is successful in solving college

‟lecture-course timetabling problem. We have also shown that how we can fit our timetabling
system as Rich Desktop Application. The graphical user interface (Windows Form Application)
used in this application provides an easy way in understanding how application works and also
makes ease in providing the input. This application is provided with necessary details of faculty
and subjects which are stored in database(SQL SERVER) and then by making use of the
available data it generates the lecture-course timetable with minimum time when compared to
manual generation of timetable and involves in satisfying all the constraints –

No overlapping of time slots for any subject.

there should be a minimum gap of one hour for respective faculty per subject

No repetition of time slots per faculty.

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REFERENCES:

[1] M.NANDHINI, AND S.KANMANI, “IMPLEMENTATION OF CLASS TIMETABLING

USING MULTI AGENTS”, (2009).

[2] Bhaduri a “university timetable scheduling using genetic algorithm”.Advancesin Recent

Technologies in Communication and Computing, 2009. ARTCom '09. International Conference
[3] DiptiShrinivasan “automated time table generation using multiple context reasoning for
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2002 congress on (volume:2 )

[4] AnujaChowdhary “TIME TABLE GENERATION SYSTEM” .Vol.3 Issue.2, February-

2014, pg. 410-414

[5] Anirudha Nanda “An Algorithm to Automatically Generate Schedule for School Lectures
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[6] A. Elkhyari, C. Gu´eret, and N. Jussien, “Solving dynamic timetabling problems as dynamic
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Timetabling, Selected Revised Papers,” pp. 39–59. Springer- Verlag LNCS 2740, 2003.

[7] Z.W. Geem, J. H. Kim, and G. V. Loganathan, “A new heuristic optimization algorithm:
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[8] C. Blum and A. Roli, “Metaheuristics in combinatorial optimization: Overview and

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[9] Y.-S. Ong, M.-H. Lim, N. Zhu, and K.-W. Wong, “Classification of adaptive memetic
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[10] R. Qu, E. K. Burke, B. McCollum, L. T. G. Merlot, and S. Y. Lee, “A survey of search

methodologies and automated system development for examination timetabling,” J. Schedul.,
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