Scribd
Upload
278 views

Standards For Polymer Testing

Polymer testing

Uploaded by

Pramod Pamu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
278 views

Standards For Polymer Testing

Polymer testing

Uploaded by

Pramod Pamu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

211

46: Standards for Polymer Testing


G. M. Swallowe
There are three main types of standards 1) Measurement standards 2) Product
specification standards and 3) Systems standards. Measurement standards are designed
to ensure consistency in measurement and are maintained by National Laboratories
where reference standards and calibrated measuring instruments are kept. These are used
to provide the standards against which calibration service providers can refer their
instruments and in order to provide a national calibration and certification service.
Product specification standards form the largest group of standards and cover materials,
testing methods, terminology, safety, dimensions and tolerances etc. The purpose of
these specification standards is to provide a means of ensuring compatibility and
objective comparisons between different materials and products. Systems standards
cover such aspects as how to maintain and install equipment, quality inspection etc.
From the point of view of this volume the most relevant standards are the group loosely
defined as product specification standards. These will include standard tests for strength,
ductility, thermal properties etc. Use of these standard test methods not only provides
information which enables comparisons between different materials to be made but also
comparisons between batches of nominally the same material from different
manufacturers.

STANDARDS ORGANISATIONS

Most countries have their own standards organisations and there are now over 100
standards organisations in existence, the oldest being the British Standards Institution.
The ISO (International organisation for Standards) exists to work towards harmonising
world standards and the EC has its own standards organisation CEN whose primary aim
is to harmonise standards throughout the EC. From a practical point of view the most
important standards for polymer testing are those issued by the ASTM (American
Society for Testing and Materials), the ISO, CEN, DIN (Deutsches Institut fur
Normung) and BSI (British Standards Institute). Standards contain details of the test
methods, the dimensions of the samples that should be used, as well as a recommended
number samples to test and the method of presenting the results. Included also is usually
a method for conditioning samples prior to testing or a reference to a further standard for
conditioning samples. ASTM standards frequently contain representative measurements
from several laboratories. Specific standards are numbered with a system of letters and
numbers, the letters indicating the originating standards organisation and the numbers
the standard number. Lists of standards are published annually by the main standards
organisations and, when required, standards are reviewed, updated or replaced. Many
standards are now comparable between the different organisations and will have
numbers such as BS ISO 871 which indicates both a British and International standard

G. M. Swallowe (ed.), Mechanical Properties and Testing of Polymers


© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1999
212
(in this case for the determination of the ignition temperature of plastics). The ASTM
publishes tables of equivalencies between ASTM and ISO standards. Many standards
are specific to a particular polymer or form of polymer product and the number of
specific polymer standards runs into many hundreds. Listed below is a selection of the
more relevant general ASTM and BSI standards from the point of view of polymer
mechanical testing. However these represent only a small fraction of polymer standards.
For a comprehensive listing readers should consult the annual listings of their standards
available from the standards organisations at the addresses listed at the end of this
article.

ASTM D256 Determining the Impact Resistance of Notched Specimens of Plastics


ASTM D618 Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
ASTM D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
ASTM D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
ASTM D746 Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact
ASTM D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics
ASTM D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
ASTM D 1004 Initial tear resistance of Plastic Film and Sheeting
ASTM D 1043 Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature
ASTM D1242 Resistance of Plastic Materials to Abrasion
ASTM D1708 Tensile Properties of Plastics by use of Microtensile Specimens
ASTM D2990 Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep Rupture
ASTM D3028 Kinetic Coefficient of Friction of Plastic Solids
ASTM D4092 Terminology Relating to Dynamic Mechanical Measurements on Plastics
ASTM D4812 Unnotched Cantilever Beam Impact Strength of Plastics
ASTM 05023 Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Plastics Using Three Point Bending
ASTM D5024 Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Plastics in Compression
ASTM D5026 Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Plastics in Tension
ASTM D5045 Plane Strain Fracture Toughness and Strain Energy Release Rate
ASTM D5420 Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a Striker
Impacted by a Falling Weight
ASTM D5628 Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a
Falling Dart
ASTM D5936 Specification for Multipurpose Test Specimens Used for Testing Plastics
ASTM D5938 Guide Describing the General Principles for Determination of Tensile
Properties of Plastics
ASTM D5941 Determining the Izod Impact Strength of Plastics
ASTM D5942 Determining the Charpy Impact Strength of Plastics
ASTM D5943 Determining Flexural Properties of Plastics

BS 2782 Methods of Testing Plastics: This is a mUlti-component standard consisting of


over 200 separate test methods covering the Thermal, Electrical, Mechanical,
Chemical, Optical, Rheological and Other Properties of Polymers.
213
BS 4618 Recommendations for the Presentation of Plastics Design Data: This is
another multi-component standard consisting of 27 sections and subsections
covering the same range of properties as BS2782.
BS 5214 Testing Machines for Rubbers and Plastics
BS 7825 Calibration of Rubber and Plastics Test Equipment
BS 7008 Acquisition and presentation of comparable data for basic properties of
plastics

ADDRESSES OF STANDARDS INSTITUTIONS

American National Standards Institute


11 W. 42 nd St., 13 th Floor,
New York, NY 10036
USA

ASTM
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken
PA 19429
USA

British Standards Institution


British Standards House
2 Park Street, London W1Y 2BS
UK

International Organisation for Standards


ISO Central Secretariat
1 rue de Varembe
Case Postale 56
CH-1211 Geneve 20
Switzerland

Deutsches Institut fur Normung


Burggrafenstrasse 6
10787 Berlin
Germany

You might also like