Scribd
Upload
55 views

Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics 1

This document discusses explicit dynamics analysis in Abaqus. It covers the basics of explicit integration methods, including explicit vs implicit methods, solution accuracy using energy conservation, integration time step requirements based on the CFL condition, and automatic mass scaling to increase time steps. It also provides examples of applying explicit dynamics to high-speed impact and drop test simulations.

Uploaded by

Quân Trịnh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views

Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics 1

This document discusses explicit dynamics analysis in Abaqus. It covers the basics of explicit integration methods, including explicit vs implicit methods, solution accuracy using energy conservation, integration time step requirements based on the CFL condition, and automatic mass scaling to increase time steps. It also provides examples of applying explicit dynamics to high-speed impact and drop test simulations.

Uploaded by

Quân Trịnh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics 1

Chapter 15
Explicit Dynamics
15.1 Basics of Explicit Dynamics
15.2 High-Speed Impact
15.3 Drop Test
15.4 Review
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.1 Basics of Explicit Dynamics 2

Section 15.1
Basics of Explicit
Dynamics
Key Concepts
Implicit Integration Methods
Explicit Integration Methods
Solution Accuracy
Integration Time Steps
Automatic Mass Scaling
Static Damping
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.1 Basics of Explicit Dynamics 3

Implicit Integration Methods

Transient Structural solves the above equation using the following


algorithm:

The parameters and are chosen to control characteristics of the


algorithm such as accuracy, numerical stability, etc.
It is called an implicit method because the response at the current time
step depends on not only the historical information but also the current
information; iterations are needed in a single time step.
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.1 Basics of Explicit Dynamics 4

Explicit Integration
Methods

Explicit Dynamics solves the above equation using the following


algorithm:

It is called explicit methods because the response at the current time can
be calculated explicitly; no iterations within a time step is needed.
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.1 Basics of Explicit Dynamics 5

Solution Accuracy

Explicit Dynamics uses the principle of conservation of energy to


monitor the solution accuracy.

It calculates overall energy at each cycle. If the energy error reaches a


threshold, the solution is regarded as unstable and stops. The default
threshold is 10%.
The Energy Error is defined by
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.1 Basics of Explicit Dynamics 6

The red curve is the energy error.


In this case, the energy error begins
to accumulate and is approaching
the threshold, 10%.
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.1 Basics of Explicit Dynamics 7

Integration Time Steps

With explicit methods, the integration time step needs to be small enough
to ensure stability and accuracy of the solution. The German
mathematicians, Courant, Friedrichs, and Lewy, suggested that, in a
single time step, a wave should not travel further than the smallest
element size, i.e.

where h is the smallest element size, c is the wave speed in the element.
Because of the CFL condition, when generating meshes for Explicit
Dynamics, make sure that one or two very small elements do not control
the time step. In general, a uniform mesh size is desirable for Explicit
Dynamics simulations.
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.1 Basics of Explicit Dynamics 8

Automatic Mass Scaling

The wave speed in an element is , where E is the Young's


modulus and is the mass density of the element. Further, ,
where m is the mass and V is the volume of the element.
Therefore the CFL condition yields

The idea of mass scaling is to artificially increase the mass of


small elements, so that the stability time step can be increased.
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.1 Basics of Explicit Dynamics 9

Static Damping

Explicit Dynamics is primarily


designed for solving transient
dynamic problems.
Using Static Damping option, a
steady-state solution can also be
obtained.
The idea is to introduce a damping
force, to critically damp the lowest
mode of oscillation.
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.2 High-Speed Impact 10

Section 15.2
High-Speed Impact
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.2 High-Speed Impact 11
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.3 Drop Test 12

Section 15.3
Drop Test
R20

[1] The phone 5 m/s


body is made 10
of an aluminum
alloy.

120
R3

20o

[2] The concrete floor can


be modeled with arbitrary
Unit: mm. sizes, we will use
60 160x80x10 (mm).
Chapter 15 Explicit Dynamics Section 15.3 Drop Test 13

The energy error begins


to accumulate and is
approaching the
threshold, 10%. With
current mesh, if you want
to extend the simulation
further, one way is to
increase the threshold.

You might also like