Project Report 1
Project Report 1
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
(BISLERI INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LIMITED)
SUBMITTED BY:-
CO-GUIDANCE BY:-
AMITY UNIVERSITY
PROJECT REPORT
1
CONTENTS
2
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report has been made possible through the direct and indirect
co-operation of several eminent people at Bisleri International
Private Limited, New Delhi for whom I wish to express my
appreciation and gratitude.
Through this column, I wish to express my heartiest gratitude and
thanks to my project guide and mentor Mr. Sanjay Sachdeva without
whom this project compilation would not have been possible. His
invaluable experience and exceptional mentoring provided me with
gainful insights on practical applications of the topic, which was
indispensable for the successful completion of the project.
3
DECLARATION
4
INTRODUCTION
5
INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC
Financial Management can be defined as:
The management of the Finances of a business / organisation in
order to achieve financial objectives
Taking a commercial business as the most common organisational
structure, the key objectives of financial management would be to:
• Create wealth for the business
• Generate cash, and
• Provide an adequate return on Investment bearing in mind the risks
that the business is taking and the resources invested
There are three key elements to the process of financial
management:
(1) Financial Planning
Management need to ensure that enough Funding is available at the
right time to meet the needs of the business. In the short term,
funding may be needed to invest in equipment and stocks, pay
employees and fund sales made on credit.
In the medium and long term, funding may be required for
significant additions to the productive capacity of the business or to
make acquisitions.
(2) Financial Control
Financial control is a critically important activity to help the
business ensure that the business is meeting its objectives. Financial
control addresses questions such as:
• Are assets being used efficiently?
6
• Are the businesses assets secure?
• Do management act in the best interest of shareholders and in
accordance with business rules?
(3) Financial Decision-making
The key aspects of financial decision-making relate to investment,
financing and dividends:
• Investment must be financed in some way – however there are
always financing alternatives that can be considered. For example it
is possible to raise finance from selling new shares, borrowing from
banks or taking credit from suppliers
• A key financing decision is whether profits earned by the business
should be retained rather than distributed to shareholders via
dividends. If dividends are too high, the business may be starved
of Funding to reinvest in growing revenues and profits further.
7
ORGANISATION PROFILE
8
Bisleri is a brand of bottled water in India. Bisleri has 36% market
share in packaged drinking water in India.
It is available in 8 pack sizes: 250ml cups, 250ml bottles, 500ml, 1
litre, 1.5 litre, 2 litre, 5 litre, and 20 litre. Its operations run
throughout the subcontinent of India and is one of the leading
bottled water supplying companies in India.
Composition
The composition of Bisleri Water in milligrams per litre (mg/l):
• 80-120ppm TDS
• 6.5-7.5-ph factor
• 75ppm-Calcium
• 200ppm-Chlorides
• 30ppm-Magnesium
History
Bisleri Bottle
10
Can I be honest? When we bought Bisleri mineral water from the
Italian company, Felice Bisleri, in 1969 -- the company had been
unable to market bottled water and wanted to exit the market -- we
too did not see any potential for the product at that time.
As a soft drinks company, we had Thums Up, Gold Spot and Limca
(cola, orange drink and lemonade) but no soft drink company was
complete without a soda. So we merely used the name and launched
Bisleri soda with two variants -- carbonated and non-carbonated
mineral water.
But three decades ago, what could we say about a category that had
no market? We didn't know our target group. Then, since bottled
water is colourless, tasteless and odourless, it was not an easy
product to advertise.
Thus, the earlier brand building efforts focused on Bisleri being
healthy with adequate minerals. The Italian name added a dash of
class to it. The first print ad campaign captured the international
essence and showed a butler with a bow tie, holding two bottles of
Bisleri.
The punchline was, "Bisleri is veri veri extraordinari" (the spelling
of the punchline was designed to capture the consumer's attention).
The campaign was successful and we were being noticed as
someone who catered to the need for safe, healthy drinking water.
However, the real boost to mineral water came in the early-to-mid-
1980s when we switched to PVC packaging and later to PET
bottles. The PET packaging did not just ensure better transparency --
11
we could now show sparkling clear water to the consumers. It also
meant better life for the water.
Meanwhile, Bisleri soda was doing well but we had to discontinue
production as we sold our soft drink brands to Coca-Cola in 1993.
But my interest was in building brands and not in bottling soft
drinks. That's when I started to concentrate on developing the Bisleri
water brand.
There was a clear opportunity of building a market for bottled water.
The quality of water available in the country was bad. It was similar
to what Europe faced before World War II. The quality of water in
Europe was extremely poor, which created the bottled water
industry there. In India, too, not only was water scarce, whatever
was available was of bad quality.
Initially, though bottled water was something only foreigners and
non-resident Indians consumed, we still had to increase the
distribution, which meant the dealer margins reduced. And because
of limited sales, the dealer margin had to be kept high to compensate
low sales. Now we had to push sales.
But to reach out to the masses, we had to make the category more
affordable. The introduction of a comfortable-to-carry 500-ml bottle
for just Rs 5 in 1995 not only answered that need, but also meant
doing away with carrying the excess water or throwing it away if
you were to buy a one-litre bottle.
The idea was a success and gave the company a growth of 400 per
cent. We also introduced the 1.2 litre bottle in 2000, which was
12
aimed at those who share their water. This also gave us the
advantage of higher margins that a crate (12 bottles) generated.
With other brands joining the fray, things were hotting up -- the
bottled-water market was estimated at Rs 300 crore (Rs 3 billion)
and was growing at 50 per cent a year. Bisleri had captured 40 per
cent of the market.
We realised it was time to move to the next level -- the bulk
segment. Several commercial establishments had no access to piped
water. We tapped into this segment by introducing the 12-litre
container, followed by the 20-litre can. The bulk segment also
helped bring down the price per litre from Rs 10-12 a litre to about
Rs 3 a litre.
At present, the bulk segment constitutes 60 to 70 per cent of our
sales and we intend to increase it to 80 per cent in the next two
years. With water scarcity in several cities, even households are
demanding bottled water now.
The home pack was made more user-friendly by introducing
pouring spouts and jars with dispensers. At the same time, we were
constantly looking for new ways to tap the market. We noticed that
during wedding receptions, the older guests (above 50 years of age)
generally stayed away from ice cream, soft drinks and so on.
Hence, we introduced free sampling of Bisleri at the tables where
the elderly guests would sit. Soon customers were ordering bottled
water on special occasions. Currently, the consumption of bottled
water is far in excess of soft drinks on such occasions.
13
The other major challenge was distribution. I still have the mindset
of a soft drink seller. Soft drink sales are in glass bottles and the
distribution model is built around picking up empty bottles and
getting them back to the factory. That's not the case with the retail
bottled water packs (below 2 litre). But a product that's not available
where it's needed, is useless.
The number of outlets where Bisleri is available has increased from
50,000 in 1995 to 2,00,000 at present. But that is not enough -- we
need to keep looking for different avenues. Take stationery shops
and chemists, for instance. They don't keep soft drinks but sell
Bisleri. That is the kind of exclusivity we look for to get ahead of
the distribution network that soft drink companies talk of.
14
OBJECTIVE & SCOPE
15
OBJECTIVES OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
16
SCOPE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
The main objective of financial management is to arrange
sufficient finances for meeting short term and long term needs. A
financial manager will have to concentrate on the following areas of
finance function:
1. Estimating Financial Requirements: -
The first task of financial manager is to estimate short
term and long-term financial requirements of his business. For this
purpose, he will prepare a financial plan for present as well as for
future. The amount required for purchasing fixed assets as well as
for working capital will have to be ascertained.
2. Deciding Capital Structure: -
The capital structure refers to the kind and proportion
of different securities for raising funds. After deciding about the
quantum of funds required, it should be decided which type of
securities should be raised. It may be wise to finance fixed assets
through long-term debts and current assets through short-term debts.
3. Selecting a Source of Finance: -
After preparing capital structure, an appropriate source
of finance is selected. Various sources from which finance may be
raised include: share capital, debentures, financial institutions,
commercial banks, public deposits etc. If finance is needed for short
period then banks, public deposits and financial institutions may be
17
appropriate. On the other hand, if long-term finance is required then,
share capital, and debentures may be useful.
4. Selecting a pattern of Investment: -
When funds have been procured then a decision about
investment pattern is to be taken. The selection of an investment
pattern is related to the use of funds. A decision will have to be
taken as to which asset is to be purchased. The funds will have to be
spent first on fixed assets and then an appropriate portion will be
retained for working capital. The decision-making techniques such
as capital budgeting, opportunity cost analysis etc. may be applied
in making decisions about capital expenditures.
5. Proper cash Management: -
Cash management is an important task of finance
manager. He has to assess various cash needs at different times and
then make arrangements for arranging cash. The cash management
should be such that neither there is a shortage of it and nor it is idle.
Any shortage of cash will damage the credit worthiness of the
enterprise. The idle cash with the business will mean that it is not
properly used. Cash flow statements are used to find out various
sources and application of cash.
6. Implementing Financial Controls:-
An efficient system of financial management
necessitates the use of various control devises. Financial control
devises generally used are budgetary control, break even analysis;
cost control, ratio analysis etc. The use of various techniques by the
18
finance manager will help him in evaluating the performance in
various areas and take corrective measures whenever needed.
7. Proper use of Surplus: -
The utilization of profit or surplus is also an important
factor in financial management. A judicious use of surpluses is
essential for expansion and diversification plan and also in
protecting the interest of shareholders. The finance manager should
consider the following factors before declaring the dividend;
a. Trend of earnings of the enterprise
b. Expected earnings in future.
c. Market value of shares.
d. Shareholders interest.
e. Needs of fund for expansion etc.
19
IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
If we were to take into consideration certain financial objectives,
we might come up with ideas such as: survival; avoiding the
financial crises or bankruptcy; overcoming competition; maximizing
sales or market rate; minimizing costs; maximizing profits;
maintaining an earnings’ sustained growth. Each of these
possibilities shows problems that have to be solved by the financial
management. If we take each mentioned idea, we might say that, at
first sight, the company does not need a financial manager. For
example, the sales’ increase can be achieved by increasing the loan
period offered to the clients. To minimize costs, the company can
reduce the research volume of the research-development activity.
Bankruptcy can be avoided very easily: we do not take loans or we
do not take risks. But are these solutions really the best ones? We do
not borrow money, so we will not have debts and consequently the
possibility that the company may go bankrupt because of the
impossibility to return the funds does not exist anymore. Then, how
will the company be able to finance its investments? Internal
sources will never be sufficient enough, especially if the company
decides to extend the loan period offered to clients. Therefore, the
investment possibilities will diminish and the company will have to
run its activity under inadequate conditions at least from the
technical and technological point of view. The consequences will
20
first be reflected upon the price and the products’ quality and then
upon the market rate and finally it might lead to bankruptcy. As a
conclusion, does the company actually need a financial manager?
The answer is only one: obviously yes. Since most managerial
decisions are measured in financial terms, the financial management
plays a key part inside the company. The size and the importance of
the financial management depend on the company’s size. Inside
small and medium-sized companies, the financial management’s
obligations are generally carried out by the accounting department.
Once the company’s size takes proportions, the importance of the
financial management reflects in the establishment of certain
distinct departments, directly subordinated to the company’s
president or the executive manager’s by appointing a vice president
of the finances, called financial manager. Also, the financial
management offers solutions for these major decisions of the
company: the investment decision, the financing decision, and the
dividend decision. Assuming that the managers’ objective is to
maximize the company’s value, the financial management has to
find an optimal combination between the three major decisions. For
example, the decision of investing in new assets supposes finding
new financing sources. On the other hand, taking a financing
decision influences, and is influenced by, the dividend decision
because the retained incomes as internal financing sources would in
fact belong to share-holders as dividends. The financial
management’s task is to analyze the effects of each decision and to
21
find an optimal element to contribute to reaching the company’s
objective. The financial management belongs to the company’s
decisional and control under-system, which processes and offers
information both from the inside, as well as from the outside. Its
basic concern is represented by the under-system’s financial funds
management, the success of this activity being vital for the
company’s survival. The information received by the financial
management refers to: - the funds’ investment cost on the capital
markets; - the current rates of exchange; - the short-term interest
rate, employed on the monetary markets; - the information about the
new investment opportunities available to the company; 597 - the
innovation in the financial field and the existence of new financial
instruments. Regarding the decisional system, the financial
management will give information about: - the interest rates which
the company is willing to take loans at; - the future cash flow needs;
- the recommendations of long-term debt increase, of shares’ issue
or a combination between these two; - recommendations about
taking short-term loans or about self-financing; - the availability of
risk management techniques; - the economic units’ productions and
the impact on the existing and planned projects. The financial
dimension of a strategy is the one that better answers to the
objectives of a company’s shareholders: the company’s market
value maximization and the share’s value maximization. It does not
only represent the “arch-reflex” of the longterm decision but more
likely the decisive factor in promoting such a decision. Generally
22
speaking, the basic purpose of the financial the basic purpose of the
financial management’s actions has to be company’s survival and
implicitly its situation’s consolidation, demonstrated by getting
some worthy market performances. For this reason, its role is to
build a frame where the necessary connections between three
fundamental variables are about to be established, namely: the
company’s objectives, the company’s market value, the means and
instruments used for measuring the company’s financial and general
performances.
23
ACHIVEMENTS OVER THE YEARS
24
METHODOLOGY
25
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Exploratory Research
Descriptive Research
26
Type of Research
Exploratory Research
Descriptive research
27
occupation or income; interested in knowledge the proportion of it
in a given population who have behaved in a particular manner;
making the projections of a certain things; or determining the
relationship between two or more variables, descriptive study may
be necessary. It is commonly used as directed bases for marketing
decisions. These studies are well structured. These must be rigid &
not flexible. It is done with the help of quantitative research design.
28
Primary Methods
Interview Methods
Mail interviews
Telephone interviews
Projective Technique
29
SECONDARY METHODS
Data not originally collected for use in the research project under
consideration, but rather for use by some other person or for some
other project are termed Secondary Data.
It can be classified into two categories:
1. Internal Sources.
2. External Sources.
Internal Sources
External Sources Sales records
Credit
Inter records
1. Economical
2. Easy to obtain
3. Enables to identify deficiencies in the data & make primary
data specific.
4. Useful in case of exploratory researches.
5. Helps in understanding the problem.
6. Act as basis for comparison after primary data collected.
30
Disadvantages of secondary data
RESEARCH DESIGN
31
TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
32
efforts at conscious concealment. It consists of variety of
disguised tests.
33
• Personal interview---through correspondents.
• Telephone surveys---through telephone.
• Mail surveys---through post.
34
DATA COLLECTED
AND
DATA ANALYSIS
35
MARKET SHARE
city:-
36
2. 80% retailers prefer to sell Bisleri brand because of demand,
37
3. Bisleri is the most selling brand in the specific region it is at
38
4. Retailers those are selling Bisleri brand of bottle water is 50%.
6. Most of the customers first ask for Bisleri bottle water just
As per the data collected the products of bisleri is the leading brand
in mineral water. The Delhi NCR region is having a demand of
approximately Ltrs of bisleri packed drinking water where as the
plant located in delhi is having a production capacity of 250000 ltrs/
day .
39
STRENGTHS
Old and famous brand name
Better packaging
Effective distribution network
Famous as pure & safe among consumer
Good product mix
Frequent quality checking
Much used by corporate world
Better management
Give regular follow up to distributor
Sponsoring various cultural program
40
FINDINGS
41
FINDINGS
43
RECOMMENDATION
44
RECOMMENDATION
45
The department should strengthen and standardize the
monitoring and review practices.
The department should ensure that all financial files are well
maintained with all supporting and pertinent information on
file.
The department should modify its current financial system
access controls to build in a formal executive approval process
when one individual is approving more than one element of
the same transaction.
The department should strengthen financial system user
account management controls, specifically related to employee
departures and periodic reviews of user profiles. All controls
should be well documented to allow smooth knowledge
transfer and succession planning.
The Chief Financial Officer should clearly identify key
financial risks at the department level, assess those risks in
terms of developing mitigation strategies to manage them
effectively, and communicate the risks to senior management
and all involved in financial management. The Chief Financial
Officer should regularly reassess and update key financial
risks to ensure those identified are current.
46
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
conducting study.
organization.
47
CONCLUSIONS
48
CONCLUSION
49
existing financial sources, their cost and way of appropriation,
offering strategic recommendations to avoid unpleasant events
that may occur.
50
BIBLIOGRAPHY
51
BIBLIOGRAPHY
52
APPENDIX & ANNEXURES
53
APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE
a. Kingfisher
b. Kinlery
c. Aquafina
d. Bisleri
e. Others
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
a. Easily available
b. More demand
c. Quality Factor
________________________________________________
54
6. Frequency of services no. of days] between two service of the company/WD in the
area / market?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Yes / NO
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Brand:- _____________________________________
Reason:- _____________________________________
55