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Phinma Education Network Graduate School: University of Iloilo

This document contains a mid-term examination for a graduate course. The first question asks students to summarize the key aspects of different personality theories. Theories discussed include Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Jung's analytical psychology, Adler's individual psychology, Rogers' client-centered theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The second question asks which theory is most relevant today and why. The response argues that Rogers' client-centered theory is highly applicable, as it focuses on empowering individuals and treating them with warmth, genuineness and understanding rather than interpreting problems for them. The teacher's role should be as a supportive therapist for students to reach their full potential.

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Emi Ly
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66 views

Phinma Education Network Graduate School: University of Iloilo

This document contains a mid-term examination for a graduate course. The first question asks students to summarize the key aspects of different personality theories. Theories discussed include Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Jung's analytical psychology, Adler's individual psychology, Rogers' client-centered theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The second question asks which theory is most relevant today and why. The response argues that Rogers' client-centered theory is highly applicable, as it focuses on empowering individuals and treating them with warmth, genuineness and understanding rather than interpreting problems for them. The teacher's role should be as a supportive therapist for students to reach their full potential.

Uploaded by

Emi Ly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO

PHINMA EDUCATION NETWORK


GRADUATE SCHOOL
MID-TERM EXAMINATION

1) What is the most significant in each theory of personalities?

According to Weinberg & Gould (1999), Personality is

defined as the characteristics or blend of characteristics that

make a person unique. To make us know and understand ourselves

better, these theorists like Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred

Adler, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow considered some given facts

and came up with possible explanations.

First of all, Sigmund Freud was the founder of

Psychoanalysis Theory of Personality Development. He believed

that the human mind was composed of three factors: the id, the

ego, and the superego. Now, I would like to emphasize the idea

under this theory that all of us have unconscious thoughts,

feelings, wishes, and memories; these are probably the things

that might create pain or conflict to us that is why we buried

them in our unconscious minds. If we are not going to deal with

these unpleasant memories, these will certainly affect our

behavior and personality, so by making conscious the unconscious

thoughts of ours through talking or sharing to others, we can


gain insights on how to deal with our issues and release the

conflict, distress, and depression in ourselves.

Another theory is the Analytical Psychology founded by Carl

Jung. Like Freud, he also highlighted the importance of the

unconscious in relation to personality. He believed that the

human minds had three elements: the ego, the personal

unconscious and the collective unconscious. Carl Jung also

introduced to us the two major attitudes of personality –

EXTROVERSION and INTROVERSION, and he also identified the four

basic functions – thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting.

For me, these works of Jung contributed well in the field of

Psychology since these helped us understand the complexities of

life.

When it comes to Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology

Theory, he emphasized on looking at the individual as a whole

rather than a part and focused on the uniqueness of each person.

He also stressed about inferiority complex that plays a key role

in personality development. Unlike Freud, he believed that we,

people, are generally conscious of the reasons for our behavior

that is why there is a need to know who we feel inferior to so

that we can overcome feelings of inferiority, and we can achieve

our personal goals that have value for our society.

Another firm believer in the potential of each person was

Carl Rogers with his theory, Client-Centered. According to him,


it is that the individual has within himself or herself vast

resources for self-understanding, for altering his or her self-

concept, attitudes and self-directed behavior – and that these

resources can be tapped if only a definable climate of

facilitative psychological attitudes can be provided (Rogers,

Carl R. (1980). Way of Being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p.115-

117). This means that all we need to do is to approach someone

who is warm, genuine and understanding and who can help us focus

and deal with our own circumstances rather than rely on their

interpretation of our situation. That is because, Rogers

believed that we are the best experts on ourselves and we have

that amazing ability for self-healing and personal growth that

leads towards self-actualization.

The last theory was Abraham Maslow’s theory of human

motivation, and the most important aspect in his theory is his

“hierarchy of needs.” This is because he highlighted the

diverse types of things that we, people, need starting from the

basic needs to safety, love and belonging, esteem, and finally

to self-actualization.

2) Among the five theories, what theory/theories is/are the most


relevant and applicable in today’s generation? Why?
“When I look at the world, I’m pessimistic, but when I look

at people, I am optimistic.” This inspirational quote is


according to Carl Rogers, and he is saying that it can be all

too simple to start to feel pessimistic about the condition of

the world. That is because probably the world seems to be filled

with stories of tragedy and human sufferings. For example, our

social media feed might give us stories that focused on

arguments, misunderstandings, and stories that indicate that the

world is full of resentments. This quote possibly suggests that

instead of focusing on such stories, we, people, should just

concentrate on individual people who can help us sustain a more

optimistic and realistic view of the world; people who are warm,

genuine, and understanding. People who can help us focus on and

solve our own situation, and not just to rely on their

interpretation and let them solve our own problems.

This explanation is all about Rogers’ Client-Centered

Approach Theory, and I believe that this is very helpful

especially in today’s generation. That is because, I, as a

teacher, should be open-minded when it comes to individual

differences. As a teacher, I should trust my learners about

having potentials for self-healing and personal growth. When I

started teaching, my goal was not to teach and impart knowledge

only to my learners, but also to let them hone their potentials

and practice independence. Youths, nowadays, are very curious

and aggressive, that is why sometimes they seek guidance from

us, teachers; therefore, as a teacher, I should act only as a


therapist who is affectionate, sincere, and understanding to my

clients, and that would be my learners. This is the main goal of

a Client-Centered Approach.

Submitted by:

MS. EMILY JANE T. TALEON


Master of Arts in Education-
English Language

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