L.C.M & H.C.

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Factors and Multiples: If a number `m' divides
another number `n' exactly, then we say that HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (H.C.F)
`m' is a factor of `n' and that `n' is a multiple
The highest common factor of two or
of `m'.
more numbers is the greatest number which
eg. 3 is a factor of 12 and therefore 12 divides each of them exactly.
is a multiple of 3.
eg. Find the H.C.F. of 24 and 56
Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.)
Factors of 24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

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L.C.M. is the least non-zero number in com-
Factors of 56 = 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
mon multiples of two or more numbers.
Common factors of 24 and 56 are 1, 2, 4, 8
Multiple of 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, ........
Multiple of 8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, ........  H.C.F. of 24 and 56 = 8
Common Multiple of 6 and 8 = 24, 48
...............
Least Common Multiple = 24
Factorisation Method:
m Factorisation Method: H.C.F. can be found by
resolving the given numbers into prime fac-
tors and then taking the product of least pow-
ers of all common factors, that occur in these
numbers.
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Find the L.C.M. of 12, 27 and 40
Eg. Find H.C.F. of 48, 108, 140
Factors of 12
Factors of 48 2 48 2 108 2 140
= 2x2x3 = 2 2 x3 2 12 3 27 2 40
= 2x2x2x2x3 2 24 2 54 2 70
Factors of 27 2 6 3 9 2 20
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2 12 3 27 5 35
= 3x3x3 = 3 3
3 3 3 3 2 10 = 2 4 x3
2 6 3 9 7
Factors of 40 1 1 5 5 Factors of 108
3 3
= 2x2x2x5 = 2 3 x5 1 = 2x2x3x3x3 = 2 2 x3 3
 L. C. M .  2 3 x 3 3 x 5  1 0 8 0 Factors of 140
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SHORT CUT METHOD = 2x2x5x7 = 2 2 x 5 x 7

(Division Method) H.C.F. = 2 2 = 4
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Find the L.C.M. of 12, 27, 40 Division Method

Find the H.C.F. of 48, 108, 140
2 12, 27, 4 0
2 4 8 , 1 08 , 1 4 0
2 6, 27, 2 0
2 24, 54, 70
3 3, 27, 1 0
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12, 27, 35
1, 9,1 0
H.C.F.=2x2= 4

L. C. M.  2x2x3x9x10 = 1080

 QUICKER & SHORT CUT METHOD L.C.M. of 1, 5 and 10 is 10
Find the H.C.F. of 777 and 1147 H.C.F of 3, 6, 9 and 27 is 3
777) 1 1 4 7 (1 10
777 L.C.M. of given fractions =
3
370) 777(2
1 3 5 7 9

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740 3 . Find the H.C.F. of , , , ,
2 4 6 8 10
37) 370 (10
Ans: H.C.F. of fractions
370
0 H. C. F. of numerat ors
H.C.F. of 777 and 1147 is 37 = L. C. M. of deno min ators
* The product of two given numbers is equal H.C.F. of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 is 1
to the product of their H.C.F. and L.C.M.

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L.C.M of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 is 120
L.C.M. of two numbers
1
Product of numbers H.C.F. of given fractions =
= H. C. F. of numbers 120
4 . The L.C.M. of two number is 2310. Their
L.C.M. of given fractions

L. C. M. of numerators
= H. C. F. of deno min ators
m H.C.F. is 30. If one number is 210, the other
is:
Ans: The other number

L. C. M. xH. C. F.
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H.C.F of given fractions 2310 x 30
=  330
given number = 210
H. C. F. of numerators
= L. C. M. of deno min at ors 5 . The H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two numbers
are 44 and 264 respectively. If the first num-
 The L.C.M of a given set of numbers ber is divided by 2, the quotient is 44, The
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would be either the highest or higher than other number is

the highest of the given numbers. Ans: First number = 2x44 = 88
 The H.C.F. of a given set of numbers
would be either the lowest or lower than 44 x264
Second number =  132
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the lowest. 88
Solved Examples 6 . The least square number which is divis-
1 . Find the L.C.M. of 125,64,8 and 3. ible by 6, 8 and 15 is:
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Ans : Given numbers are 5 3, 26, 23 and 3 Ans: The least number divisible by 6, 8 and 15
is their L.C.M. which is 120
 L.C.M. 5 3x2 6x3 = 24,000
Now 120 = 2x2x2x3x5
1 5 5 10
2 . Find the L.C.M. of , , , ? To make it a perfect square, it must be
3 6 9 27 multiplied by 2x3x5
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Ans: L.C.M. of fractions Required Number=120x2x3x5=3600

L. C. M. of numerat ors 7 . The least number of square tiles
= H. C. F. of deno min ators required to pave the ceiling of a room 15m
17cm long and 9m. 2cm broad is:
Ans: Size of largest square tile
 = H.C.F. of 1517 cm and 902 cm
2 3 4
= 41 cm. 4. Find the L.C.M. of , and
5 10 15
 Least number of tiles required
1 2
Areaof the room a) b) 2
= 30 5
Areaof one tile

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24 2
1517 x 902 c) d)
=  814 750 5
41 x 41
8. Find the least number which when divided 4 3 7
5. Find the H.C.F. of , and
separately by 15, 20, 36 and 48 leaves 3 as re- 5 10 15
mainder in each case.
Ans : Required number 1 84

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a) b)
= L.C.M. of (15,20,36 and 48) +3 5 5
= 720 + 3 = 723
84 1
9 . Find the greatest number that will divide c) d)
197 and 269 and leaves 5 as remainder in
30 30
each case.
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Required number = H.C.F. of [(197-5)
and (269-5)]
= H.C.F. of (192 and 264) = 8
6.
is.
If the L.C.M of x and y is z, their H.C.F.

a)
xy
b) xyz
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z
1 2 . Five bells begin to toll together and toll
respectively at intervals of 6,7,8,9 and 12 sec- x+ y z
onds. How many times they will toll together c) d)
z xy
in one hour, excluding the one at the start?
7 . H.C.F of two numbers is 24 and their
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Ans: L.C.M. of 6,7,8,9 and 12

L.C.M is 1080. If one of the numbers is 120,
= 2x2x3x7x2x3 = 504
find the other.
ie, The bells will toll together after each 504
a) 2 1 6 b) 5 3 2 c) 1 0 8 d) 8 2 0
seconds. In one hour, they will toll together
8 . L.C.M. of 2.5, 0.5 and 0.175 = ?
60 x60
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  7 times a) 2 . 5 b) 0 . 5
504 c) 0. 17 5 d) 1 7. 5
PRACTICE TEST 9 . H.C.F. of two numbers is 24 and their
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1. Find the L.C.M of 12, 15, 18 and 27. L.C.M is 1344. If the difference between the
a) 1, 08 0 b) 5 4 0 numbers is 80, their sum is:
c) 2 7 0 d) 7 6 0 a) 3 6 8 b) 3 5 6
2. Find the H.C.F. of 72, 48 and 30. c) 3 3 2 c) 3 0 4
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a) 3 0 b) 1 2 c) 6 d) 3 1 0 . Find the greatest number which can di-

vide 1354, 1866 and 2762 leaving the same
3. Find the L.C.M. of 2 2x33x53 and
remainder 10 in each case.
2 3 x3 2 x5.
a) 6 4 b) 1 2 4 c) 1 5 6 d) 2 6 0
a) 27 , 0 00 b) 1 8 0
1 1 . Find the least perfect square which is di-
c) 3 6 d) 13 , 5 00
 7 1 3 5 5 7 3 1
visible by 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8. a) , , , b) , , ,
8 3 4 6 6 8 4 3
a) 2 5 0 0 b) 1 2 0 0
c) 3 6 0 0 d) 9 0 0 3 7 1 3 1 3 5 7
c) , , , d) , , ,
1 2 . The least number which when divided by 4 8 3 4 3 4 6 8
15, 27, 35 and 42 leaves in each case a re-

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mainder 7 is: Qn: 18- 20 Write in descending order
a) 1 8 9 7 b) 1 9 8 7
1 2 3 1
c) 1 8 8 3 d) 2 0 0 7 18. , , ,
3 5 4 6
1 3 . Two containers contain 60 and 165 litres
of milk respectively. Find the maximum capac- 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 3
ity of a container which can measure the milk a) , , , b) , , ,
3 5 4 6 6 5 3 4
in each container an exact number of times

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(in litres) 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 1
c) , , , d) , , ,
a) 1 5 b) 3 c) 5 d) 1 0 5 4 3 6 4 5 3 6
1 4 . Two baskets contain 195 and 250 ba- 5 7 11 3
nanas respectively, which are distributed in 19. , , ,

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equal number among children. Find the largest
number of bananas that can be given, so that
3 bananas are left over from the first basket
and 2 from the second.
6 8 12 10

a)
5 7 11 3
, , ,
6 8 12 10

11 7 5 3
b)
7 5 11 3
, , ,
8 6 12 10

7 5 11 3
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a) 4 b) 1 8 c) 8 d) 6 , , , , , ,
c) d)
Qn: (15- 18) :- Write in ascending order 12 8 6 10 8 6 12 10

1 2 3 3 5 11 5 7
15. , , , 20. , , ,
2 5 4 2 3 9 6 12
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2 1 3 3 3 1 2 3 5 11 5 7 11 5 7 5
a) , , , b) , , , a) , , , b) , , ,
5 2 4 2 4 2 5 2 3 9 6 12 9 3 12 6

3 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 5 11 5 7 11 5 5 7
c) , , , d) , , , c) , , , d) , , ,
2 4 2 5 2 2 5 4 3 9 6 12 9 6 3 12
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5 11 5 7
16. , , , Qn 21-23 Find the greatest of the given frac-
3 9 6 12
tions
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11 7 5 5 7 5 11 5
a) , , , b) , , , 2 4 3 3
9 12 3 6 12 6 9 3 21. , , ,
3 15 5 4
5 7 11 5 5 11 5 7 4 3
c) , , , d) , , , a) b)
6 12 9 3 3 9 6 12
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15 4
5 7 3 1 3 2
17. , , , c) d)
6 8 4 3 5 3
5 6 13 9
22. , , ,
8 11 22 13
 5 6 and 96 cm in length. The least length of
a) b)
8 11 cloth (in metres) that can be measured
exact number of times using any of the
13 9 three rods is
c) d)
22 13 a) 0.96m b) 9.6m
c) 96 m d) 96 0m
3 5 2 8

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23. , , , 29. The largest number, which exactly divides
4 7 3 11 the product of any three consecutive in-
3 5 tegers is
a) b) a) 2 b) 3 c) 6 d) 1 2
4 7 30. The L.C.M. of two numbers is 63 and their
2 8 H.C.F. is 9. If one of the numbers is 27,
c) d) the other number will be
3 11 a) 9 b) 2 1 c) 1 7 d) 1 8 9
Qn: (24 - 26) Find the smallest of the given 31. The HCF of two numbers is 32 and their

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fraction. product is 10240. Find their L.C.M?
2 5 9 9 7 a) 6 4 0 b) 3 2 0 c) 3 2 4 d) 2 3 0
24. , , , , 32. A gardener had a number of shrubs to
3 7 13 14 4 plant in rows. At first he tried to plant 8,
9 2 then 12 and then 16 in a row but he had
a)

c)
14
7
4
b)

d)
3
5
7
m 33.
always 3 shrubs left with him. On trying
7 he had none left. Find the total number
of shrubs.
a) 1 4 7 b) 1 5 0 c) 1 3 7 d) 1 5 4
Six bells commencing tolling together and
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11 14 17 23 29 toll at intervals of 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 sec-
25. , , , ,
14 17 20 26 32 onds respectively. In 30 minutes, how
many times do they toll together.
29 11 a) 1 7 b) 1 5 c) 1 6 d) 2 0
a) b)
32 14 34. In a seminar the number of participants
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in Hindi, English and Mathematics are 60,

17 14 84 and 108 respectively. Find the mini-
c) d)
20 17 mum number of rooms required, where
in each room the same number of par-
5 3 5 6
26. , , , ticipants are to be seated; and all of them
6 4 8 7 being in the same subject.
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3 6 a) 2 0 b) 2 2 c) 2 5 d) 2 1
a) b)
4 7
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST - 6
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5 5
c) d) 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d)
8 6
2 7 . A heap of stones can be made in groups 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (a)
of 21 but when made up into groups of 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (a)
16, 20, 25 and 45 there are 3 stones
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left in each case, The number of stones 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (a)
in the heap is 21. (b) 22.(d) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (b)
a) 3 6 0 0 b) 3603
c) 7 2 0 0 d) 7203 26. (c) 27. (d) 28.(b) 29. (c) 30. (b)
2 8 . Three measuring rods are 64cm, 80cm 31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (d)