MG 44-504

Maintenance Guide
June 30, 1998
New Information

Maintenance Guide

Load Tap Changers, Types UZE and UZF

with Motor-Drive Mechanism, Type BUF3
Load tap changer, Type UZG with
Motor-Drive Mechanism, Type BUL

ABB Power T&D Company Inc.

Components Division
Renewal Parts DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES
AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
If renewal parts are required, order them through the
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Please provide the item description and the AGREEMENTS, REPRESENTATIONS, OR
identification numbers (model, style, catalog) from the WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
unit’s nameplate. INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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AN EXISTING CONTRACT BETWEEN THE
If a technical question arises regarding the product de- PARTIES. ANY SUCH CONTRACT STATES THE EN-
tailed in this Technical Product Literature contact: TIRE OBLIGATION OF SELLER. THE CONTENTS
OF THIS DOCUMENT SHALL NOT BECOME PART
ABB Power T&D Company Inc. OF OR MODIFY ANY PRIOR OR EXISTING AGREE-
Components Division MENT, COMMITMENT, OR RELATIONSHIP.
1128 Highway 412 S.
Alamo, TN 38001-3813 U.S.A The information, recommendations, description, and
safety notations in this document are based on our
Phone: (800) 955-8399 experience and judgement. THIS INFORMATION
(901) 696-5561 SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED TO BE ALL
Fax: (901) 696-5269 INCLUSIVE OR COVERING ALL CONTINGENCIES.
If further information is required, ABB Power T&D Com-
Comments pany Inc. should be consulted.

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make its instruction literature current, accurate, and CLUDING WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A
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ber, and/or fax number. RECOMMENDATIONS, DESCRIPTIONS AND
SAFETY NOTATIONS CONTAINED HEREIN. In no
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responsible to the user in contract, in tort (including
negligence), strict liability or otherwise for any special,
indirect, incidental or consequential damage or loss
whatsoever including but not limited to damage to or
loss or use of equipment, plant or power system, cost
of capital, loss of profits or revenues, cost of replace-
ment power, additional expenses in the use of existing
power facilities, or claims against the user by its
customers resulting from the use of the information,
recommendations, description, and safety notations
contained herein.
This document must not be copied without our written permission, and the contents thereof
must not be imparted to a third party nor be used for any unauthorized purpose.
Contravention will be prosecuted.
Recommended Practices
ABB Power T&D Company recommends careful consideration of the following factors
for
maintenance work on load tap changers.
Before you start any work, make sure that the personnel doing the job have read and
fully understood the Maintenance documents provided with the unit.
To avoid damaging the unit, never exceed the operating limits stated in delivery
documents and on rating plates.
Do not alter or modify a unit without first consulting ABB.
Follow local and international wiring regulations at all times.
Use only factory authorized replacement parts and procedures.

WARNING, CAUTION and NOTE

WARNING
A WARNING provides information which, if disregarded, could cause injury or
death.

CAUTION
A CAUTION provides information which, if disregarded, could cause damage to the
equipment.

NOTE: A NOTE provides additional information to assist in carrying out the work
described.

Safety Precautions
WARNING
The Maintenance Guide should be read and understood before any work is started,
and the procedures in this document should be followed at all times.

WARNING
Before any work is carried out on the load tap changer:
Make sure that the transformer is disconnected and the earthing is properly done.
Obtain a signed certificate from the engineer in charge.

WARNING
Before starting any work in the load tap changer the protective motor switch and
the LOCAL/REMOTE switch shall be set at “0”.

iii
 WARNING
Before starting any work inside the motor-drive mechanism the auxiliary power
must be switched off.
N.B. The motor, contactors and heating element may be energized from separate
sources.

CAUTION
Approval should be given for inspection as well as for operating the load
tap changer.

CAUTION
ABB recommends that only maintenance engineers educated by
ABB carry out contact replacement.

During Service
WARNING
Small amounts of explosive gases will always come out from the breathing devices
(dehydrating breather or one-way breather). Make sure that no open fire, hot
surfaces or sparks occurs in the immediate surroundings of the breathing devices.

WARNING
If a power failure occurs during operation, the operation will be completed when
the power returns.

WARNING
The hand crank must not be inserted during electrical operation.

WARNING
The motor drive can move suddenly when power is restored after a power failure.

CAUTION
After a pressure relay trip, follow the instructions under chapter ”Pressure Relay” in
the Repair Guide.

iv
During Oil Handling
WARNING
Unused transformer oil is slightly harmful. Fumes from unused warm oil may
irritate the respiratory organs and the eyes. After long and repeated contact with
transformer oil the skin becomes very dry.
Used load tap changer oil from diverter switch housings and selector switch
housings contains harmful substances. Fumes are irritating to the respiratory
organs and the eyes and are very easily set on fire. Used transformer oil may wel
be carcinogenic.
Avoid contact with the oil as much as possible and use oil tight protective gloves
when handling the oil.
First aid:
Skin contact: Wash the hands. Use skin cream to counteract the
drying.
In the eyes: Rinse the eyes in clean water.
Swallowing: Drink water or milk. Avoid vomiting. Call a doctor.
Collect used oil in oil drums.
Waste and cleaning up: Should be absorbed by an absorber. Treat it as
hazardous to the environment.
Upon fire: The fire is extinguished by using powder, foam or carbon acid.

WARNING
When oil that has been used in a selector switch compartment is pumped out,
conducting tubes and hoses that are earthed should be used to avoid the risk for
explosion due to the gases produced by the arcs during service.

WARNING
The oil in the selector switch compartment may be hot. Be cautious!

WARNING
There is always a cushion of explosive gases in the top of the diverter switch
housing. No open fire, hot surfaces or sparks may be present during opening of the
housing or draining from the valve. After the cover is removed let the gas vent
away approximately 15 min before any work is started.

CAUTION
Take care to avoid ingestion of moist air when oil is drained. If the ambient air is
moist, let incoming air pass through a dehydrating breather with slow air flow to
obtain proper dehydration.

v
 CAUTION
Do not fill oil into the load tap changer if the transformer tank is under vacuum and the load
tap changer is not.

CAUTION
Do not fill oil into the transformer tank if the load tap changer is under vacuum and the
transformer tank is not.

After Oil Filling

CAUTION
Do not energize the transformer earlier than three hours after oil filling in atmospheric
pressure. This waiting period is needed to allow air bubbles to disappear.

vi
Contents
1 Introduction ___________________________________________ 9
1.1 General _______________________________________________ 9
1.2 Maintenance Schedule ___________________________________ 11
1.2.1 Inspection _____________________________________________ 11
1.2.2 Overhaul______________________________________________ 12
1.2.3 Contact Replacement ____________________________________ 12
1.3 Tightening Torque ______________________________________ 12
2 Inspection _____________________________________________ 13
2.1 Required Tools _________________________________________ 13
2.2 Procedure _____________________________________________ 13
3 Overhaul______________________________________________ 15
3.1 Required Tools and Materials _____________________________ 15
3.2 Procedure _____________________________________________ 16
3.3 Preparations ___________________________________________ 16
3.3.1 Load Tap Changer Position _______________________________ 16
3.3.2 Disconnection and Earthing of the Transformer _______________ 17
3.3.3 Oil Volumes ___________________________________________ 17
3.3.4 Recommended Set of Spare Parts __________________________ 18
3.4 Oil Testing and Oil Draining ______________________________ 18
3.5 Cleaning ______________________________________________ 19
3.5.1 Cleaning the load tap changer _____________________________ 19
3.5.2 Cleaning the Oil Filter (if any) _____________________________ 19
3.5.3 Oil Filtration __________________________________________ 20
3.6 Checking of Breather ____________________________________ 20
3.6.1 Drying of Silica Gel _____________________________________ 20
3.7 Checking Contacts ______________________________________ 21
3.7.1 Contact Alignment ______________________________________ 21
3.7.2 Moving Contact ________________________________________ 21
3.7.3 Fixed Contact with Tips of Copper-Tungsten _________________ 22
3.7.4 Fixed Contact made of Copper ____________________________ 23
3.8 Checking the Transition Resistors __________________________ 24
3.9 Checking the Pressure Relay ______________________________ 25
3.9.1 Functional Check of the Pressure Relay _____________________ 25
3.9.2 Replacing the Pressure Relay ______________________________ 26
3.10 Checking of Motor-Drive Mechanism, BUF3 _________________ 26
3.10.1 Motor Protection, BUF3 _________________________________ 26
3.10.2 Ground Fault Protection (Option) __________________________ 27
3.10.3 Counter, BUF3 _________________________________________ 27
3.10.4 Heater, BUF3 __________________________________________ 27
3.10.5 V-belt, BUF3 __________________________________________ 27
3.10.6 Cable Connections, BUF3 ________________________________ 27
3.10.7 Gland for the Main Shaft, BUF3 ___________________________ 27
3.10.8 Disc Brake, BUF3 ______________________________________ 28
3.10.9 Starting Contact, BUF3 __________________________________ 28
3.10.10 Position Transmitter and other Position Switches, BUF3 ________ 29
3.10.11 Lubrication, BUF3 ______________________________________ 30

vii
 3.11 Operation Test, BUF3 ____________________________________ 31
3.12 Checking of Motor-Drive Mechanism Type BUL _______________ 32
3.12.1 Motor Protection, BUL ___________________________________ 34
3.12.2 Ground Fault Protector (Option), BUL _______________________ 34
3.12.3 Counter, BUL __________________________________________ 34
3.12.4 Heater, BUL ____________________________________________ 34
3.12.5 Toothed Belt, BUL _______________________________________ 34
3.12.6 Cable Connections, BUL __________________________________ 35
3.12.7 Disc Brake, BUL ________________________________________ 35
3.12.8 Position Transmitter and other Position Switches, BUL __________ 35
3.12.9 Lubrication, BUL ________________________________________ 36
3.13 Operation Test, BUL _____________________________________ 36
3.14 Closing ________________________________________________ 36
3.15 Checking of Disc Brake in Gear Box and Drive System for UZG ___ 37
3.15.1 Disc Brake (Gear Box), UZG ______________________________ 37
3.15.2 Lubrication of the Drive Shaft System, UZG __________________ 38
3.16 Oil Filling ______________________________________________ 38
3.16.1 Filling Methods and Restrictions ____________________________ 38
3.16.2 Filling at Atmospheric Pressure _____________________________ 38
3.16.3 Correct Oil Level ________________________________________ 39
3.17 Waiting Period __________________________________________ 40
3.18 Putting into Operation ____________________________________ 40
4 Contact Replacement _____________________________________ 40
4.1 Moving Contacts ________________________________________ 41
4.2 Fixed Contacts __________________________________________ 42
5 Specification of Materials _________________________________ 43
5.1 General ________________________________________________ 43
5.2 Load Tap Changer Tank __________________________________ 43
5.3 Active Part _____________________________________________ 43
5.4 Motor-Drive Mechanism, BUF3 ____________________________ 44
5.5 Motor-Drive Mechanism, BUL _____________________________ 45

viii
 1 Introduction

1 Introduction
1.1 General
The UZ range of Load Tap Changers manufactured by ABB Components Sweden has
been developed over many years to provide maximum of reliability. The simple and
rugged design gives a service life equal to the service life of the transformer. Minimum
maintenance is required for trouble-free operation. The only parts requiring
maintenance are contacts that might need replacement during the service life, the
insulating oil and the motor-drive mechanism.
The design allows excellent access to all parts, making inspection and maintenance
quick and simple.
The load tap changer type UZE/UZF/UZG is placed in a tank separated from the
transformer tank, see fig. 1. The motor-drive mechanism is attached to the side of the
load tap changer tank for UZE/UZF. It is separate for UZG.

Oil Val;ve

Oil valve
Oil valve
A. UZE B. UZF C. UZG

Figure 1. UZE, UZF, and UZG models

9
1 Introduction

Fig. 2 shows the general arrangement of a UZ-type load tap changer. The main
component is the selector-switch (combined tap selector and diverter switch). For
maintenance the oil is drained and the front cover is opened. The contacts are then
immediately visible and can be inspected for wear.

Cover for access to conductors

Connection to oil conservator

Lifting eye

Attachment flange to
transformer tank Front cover

Terminals for
conductors
Moulding

Change-over
selector

Fixed contact
Pressure relay

Moving contact
system

Transition
Load tap changer tank resistor

fm_00069
Oil valve

Figure 2. General arrangement of load tap changer, type UZF

10
 1 Introduction

The separate load tap changer tank keeps the oil of the load tap changer separated from
the oil in the transformer. This is required since the oil of the load tap changer
deteriorates as a result of the operation of the selector-switch. The oil needs to be
checked and filtered at regular intervals to maintain adequate dielectric strength as well
as to prevent mechanical wear.
The load tap changer generally comprises three phases. Main components for each
phase are:
nMoulding
nSelector-switch (with replaceable fixed and moving contacts)
nTransition resistors
nChange-over selector for plus/minus or coarse/fine switching.
It is necessary to inspect and clean the load tap changer inside at regular intervals.
Besides the maintenance of the load tap changer and cleaning of the oil, the motor-drive
mechanism should be checked and lubricated.
The pressure relay should also be checked.

1.2 Maintenance Schedule

Maintenance of the load tap changer consists of three major steps:
nInspection
nOverhaul
nContact replacement.

1.2.1 Inspection
On the rating plate, ”inspection once a year” is recommended. This primarily
concerns the motor-drive mechanism and refers to a visual inspection inside the motor
cabinet to check that nothing is loose, and the heater is functioning.
In the motor-drive mechanism a counter registers every tap-changer operation. During
inspection the counter is read. If possible, motor and counter are tested by operating
one step and then back.
If the load tap changer has its own oil conservator, the breather and the oil level
indicator on the oil conservator are checked.
The inspection is carried out while the transformer is in service.
WARNING
This work must be carried out from ground level since the transformer is
energized.

11
1 Introduction

1.2.2 Overhaul
The contact life and the frequency of operations determine the time interval between
overhauls.
The number of operations run by the load tap changer is recorded by a counter, housed
in the motor-drive mechanism. The registered number of operations should be noted at
every overhaul.
The load tap changer should normally be overhauled regularly at intervals of 1/5 of the
estimated contact life. The relevant information is stated on the rating plate. Hereby, the
contact wear can be followed and necessary preparations can be made for replacing the
contacts.
If the tap-change operations occur infrequently and a very long time elapses until the
number of operations amounts to 1/5 of the estimated contact life, the interval between
overhauls should be limited to the time stated on the rating plate (normally 7 years).

1.2.3 Contact Replacement

On the rating plate of the load tap changer the estimated contact life at rated load is
stated.
The contacts will withstand a very large number of switching operations. For normal
power transformers the number of operations of the selector-switch is approximately 20
per day, which means that replacement of the contacts normally is not necessary during
the life of the transformer. (In case of load tap changers on furnace transformers the
frequency of operations may be considerably higher).

CAUTION
The number of operations must in no case exceed 500 000, due to weakening spring
tension of the contacts.

1.3 Tightening Torque

Following tightening torques are recommended: M6, 10 Nm ±10 %
M8, 24.5 Nm ±10 %
M10, 49 Nm ±10 %
M12, 84 Nm ±10 %
unless otherwise stated in this guide.

12
 2 Inspection

2 lnspection
The inspection consists of a visual check of the motor-drive mechanism, the load tap
changer tank, and the conservator once a year while the transformer is in service.
WARNING
This work must be carried out from ground level since the transformer is
energized.

In the motor-drive mechanism the following points are to be checked:

nMotor and counter
nHeater
nThe counter’s value
On the load tap changer tank and the conservator the following are to be checked where
applicable:
nOil level
nBreather.

2.1 Required Tools

The following equipment is required for the inspection:
nSet of screwdrivers
nPen and note pad
nAir pump (if the conservator has an air-relief valve).

2.2 Procedure
CAUTION
Approval should be given for inspection as well as for operating the load tap changer.

WARNING
This work must be carried out from ground level since the transformer is
energized.

1. Check the breather, see section 3.6.

2. Check the oil level. The oil level should be according to section 3.16 Oil Filling.
3. Open the cabinet door and turn the switch to the LOCAL position. Then turn the
control switch to the RAISE (Lower) position.
4. Check that the motor works properly, the position indicator increases one step,
and the counter advances one step for each operation. Record the counter’s
value. The counter shows the number of operations run by the load tap
changer (the overhaul-schedule can be determined with the help of this
information).

13
2 Inspection

5. Turn the control switch to the LOWER (Raise) position. Check that the motor also
works properly in that direction, the position indicator decreases one step and the
counter advances one step more.
6. Check the emergency stop. (BUL) See figure 3.
Give a RAISE or LOWER impulse and after about one second press the
emergency stop. The operation should be interrupted. Reset the emergency stop
by turning the knob clockwise and by switching on the protective motor switch.
The started operation should now be completed. Operate back to service position.
7. Check the ground fault protector (option BUL). See figure 3.
If the motor-drive mechanism is equipped with an outlet, the ground fault protector
should be tested by pressing the test knob on the separate earth fault protector on
BUL.
8. Disconnect the incoming auxiliary power.
WARNING
Before starting any work inside the motor-drive mechanism the auxiliary power
must be switched off.
N. B. The motor, contactors and heating element may be energized from separate
sources.

9. Check by feeling with a finger on the protection plate that the heater has been
functioning.
10.Reconnect the incoming auxiliary power.
11.Complete the inspection by turning the switch to the REMOTE position and
closing the cabinet door.
1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Position indicator with draghands for

7
max. and min. position
8 2. Tap-change in progress indicator
(Red = in progress, White = in position)
9 3. Counter
4. Outgoing shaft with multihole coupling half
10 5. Shaft for handcrank
6. Lifting eye
7. Locking device prepared for padlock
11 8. (Option) Multi position switches
9. (Option) Measuring amplifier
12 10. (Option) Switch for extra heater
11. (Option) Outlet
12. (Option) Earth fault protector (when outlet is
installed)
13. Emergency stop
13 14. RAISE/LOWER switch
15. LOCAL/REMOTE switch
16. Protective motor switch
14 17. Air vent
18. Door operated switch for lamp
15 19. Terminal blocks
20. Hand lamp
16 21. Heater 50 W + optional 100 W
22. (Option) Thermostat or hygrostat for extra
heater 100 W
23. Descriptions and circuit diagram
24. Handcrank

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Fig. 3. Motor-drive mechanism, type BUL
14
 3 Overhaul

3 Overhaul
WARNING
The transformer must be disconnected and effectively earthed.

3.1 Required Tools and Materials

The following equipment is necessary for the overhaul:
nNormal set of Allen sockets (metric)
nNormal set of hexagon wrenches (metric)
nNormal set of sockets (metric)
nRatchet wrench handle with extension
nNormal set of screwdrivers
nHammer and wedges or parting tool (for loosening of the front cover)
nPolygrip
nToluol spirit
nOil can with oil for plain ball and roller bearings
nLubricating grease, Lithium grease for ball and roller bearings in low temperature
(–50 to +80 °C) (–58 to +176 °F)
nOil test equipment (for dielectric test according to IEC 156)
nPure oil, approx. 100 litres (class II according to IEC 296)
nClean and empty drums
nBucket
nRags
nHoses and connections for oil filling
nNylon brush
nOhmmeter (0–50 Ohm)
nAir pump with pressure gauge and connection to male thread R 1/8” (0–100 kPa)
nHand lamp
nSpare parts set (see Spare Parts List)
nProtective gloves, oil-proof
nOverhaul report form
nOverhaul instructions

15
3 Overhaul

nPliers for retaining ring (for oil filter)

nPen
nSlide calliper
nWatch (with hand for seconds)
nFeeler gauge (0.4–1.2 mm)
nSmall mirror
nSealing tape.

3.2 Procedure
The overhaul procedure includes the following points:
nOil testing and oil draining
nCleaning the load tap changer
nOil filtration
nChecking contacts
nChecking the transition resistors
nChecking the pressure relay
nChecking the motor-drive mechanism
nOperation test
nChecking gear box and shafts (UZG)
nChecking before closing
nOil filling
nPutting into operation.
3.3 Preparations
NOTE: If the load tap changer is oil filled under atmospheric pressure, a waiting
period of three to five hours is needed before energizing. To save out of service time of
the transformer, carry out all work on the load tap changer and do the oil filling
before the maintenance of the motor-drive mechanism is started.

3.3.1 Load Tap Changer Position

Note the position of the load tap changer to enable restart of the transformer in the right
position.

16
 3 Overhaul

3.3.2 Disconnection and Earthing of the Transformer

WARNING
Before any work is carried out on the load tap changer:
Make sure that the transformer is disconnected on both sides and the earthing is
properly carried out. Obtain a signed certificate from the engineer in charge.

WARNING
Before starting any work in the load tap changer the protective motor switch and
the LOCAL/REMOTE switch shall be set at ”0”.

3.3.3 Oil Volumes

The necessary number of empty drums or suitable barrels for collecting and filtering of
the oil in the load tap changer should be kept ready. The drums must be carefully
cleaned and free from water. New oil should be Class II according to IEC 296.
NOTE: The volume of the oil conservator is not included.

UZE/UZG: 3-phase tank (fig. 1):

UZE.. 200–250/... about 160 gallons (about 600 Litres)

UZE.. 380/... about 300 gallons (about 1100 Litres)
UZE.. 550–650/... about 400 gallons (about 1450 Litres)

UZF: 3-phase tank, (fig. 1) excl. oil conservator:

UZF.. 200–250/... about 140 gallons (about 500 Litres)

UZF.. 380/... about 250 gallons (about 900 Litres)
UZF.. 550–650/... about 350 gallons (about 1250 Litres)

Oil conservator for UZF made by ABB, oil volumes at 20 oC (68 oF)

UZF.. 200–250/... about 10 gallons (about 30 Litres)

UZF.. 380/... about 20 gallons (about 60 Litres)
UZF.. 550–650/... about 25 gallons (about 80 Litres)

Alternatively, the oil may be replaced by new oil and the used oil filtered at some later
date. A certain quantity of new oil, say 30 gallons (about 100 litres), should be kept
ready to replace waste oil.

CAUTION
Do not energize the transformer until oil has been filled as per section 3.16.

17
 3 Overhaul

3.3.4 Recommended Set of Spare Parts

nFixed contacts (single)
nFixed contacts (double) (if any)
nMoving main and switching contact unit (one per phase)
nMoving transition contact unit (one per phase).
For information about spare parts, see the Spare Parts List.

Fixed contact (double) Transition

contact unit

Main contact

Switching
contact

Fixed contact
(single)

fm_00092 Main and switching fm_00093

contact unit

Figure 4. Contact spare parts

3.4 Oil Testing and Oil Draining

The tank of the load tap changer is equipped with an oil valve placed on the side plate.
For connection dimension, see the dimension drawing for the load tap changer.

WARNING
When oil that has been used in a selector switch compartment is pumped out,
conducting tubes and hoses that are earthed should be used to avoid the risk of
explosion due to the gases produced by the arcs during service.

18
 3 Overhaul

Take an oil-sample from the oil valve and carry out the dielectric strength test accor-
ding to IEC 156 (between spherical calottes, distance 2.5 mm).

The dielectric strength of the oil should not be allowed to be less than 120 kV/cm for a
load tap changer in service.
NOTE: When taking the oil-sample, first drain some oil into a bucket to clean the
valve.
Use the filtering equipment or the pump to drain oil from the load tap changer into a
carefully cleaned oil drum. Connect the pump to the oil valve and drain the oil from the
load tap changer tank and the conservator. Draining will be more efficient if the
filtering equipment is used since all the oil will be filtered, at once.
If the oil conservator of the load tap changer is common with the oil conservator of the
transformer tank, close the valve in the pipe connection to the oil conservator and open
the oil valve. After a while, open the air release vent.

3.5 Cleaning
3.5.1 Cleaning the load tap changer
WARNING
There is always a cushion of explosive gases over the oil surface. This is sucked
into the load tap changer tank during draining of the oil. No open fire, hot surfaces
or sparks may be present when the front cover is opened.

After draining, open the front cover of the tank of the load tap changer and wash it
clean with oil by using a filter press hose or pump.

WARNING
The hands or tools must be kept away from the contacts when making a manual or
electrical operation. The contact arm is operated by a spring battery and can cause
severe damage.

After washing, wipe the inside of the load tap changer clean with rags (not cotton
waste). Carefully wipe off carbon residues from the epoxy mouldings.

3.5.2 Cleaning the Oil Filter (if any)

The filter, which is mounted in a flange pipe on the top of the tap changer tank, is
screwed from the inside. It can easily be screwed out for inspection or cleaning. A
retaining ring must be removed before the oil filter is screwed out. The oil filter does
not need to be exchanged nor cleaned in any other way than by washing with oil.
Alternatively the filter housing can be dismounted and the complete housing with filter
washed with oil.

19
3 Overhaul

3.5.3 Oil Filtration

The drained oil should be filtered until it is cleaned and has regained the high dielectric
strength required. The break-down value for purified oil should be at least 160 kV/cm
according to IEC 156.
To check the result of the filtering, take test samples before and after the oil has been
filled into the load tap changer.

3.6 Checking of Breather

If the oil conservator has a dehydrating breather, the silica gel should be blue. The gel
may have turned pink at the bottom.
If more than half of the silica gel has turned pink, it must be dried or replaced. For
drying see section 3.6.1.
The silica gel normally starts turning pink from the bottom of the breather. If it has
started turning pink also from the top, there is a leakage in the connections to the
conservator. Localize the leakage and seal it. If the breather has an oil trap check the
oil level.

WARNING
The breathers and the tube from the conservator contains explosive gases. No open
fire, hot surfaces or sparks may be present when loosening the breather.

If the load tap changer is equipped with an air relief valve, (one-way breather) check it
by applying air pressure to the outlet of the valve. No air leakage is allowed through the
valve. If leaky, replace the valve.

3.6.1 Drying of Silica Gel

To replace the silica gel, proceed as follows:
Dismantle the breather and empty the gel.
Replace with new gel. Alternatively, dry the old gel by placing it on a net and putting it
in an oven, temperature approximately +100 °C (+212 °F), until the gel turns blue
again.
Fill the breather with gel. Clean the threads and apply sealing tape. Remount the
breather.

20
 3 Overhaul

3.7 Checking Contacts

3.7.1 Contact Alignment
Operate the load tap changer by normal spring operation. Check that the moving main
contact goes up on the flat part of the fixed contact. The centre of the main contact tip
must be at least 1 mm in on the flat part after finished operation, see fig. 20. If not the
shaft couplings have too much play and the worn details must be replaced. Make this
inspection both with falling and lifting contact arm.
Check that the pins as well as the screws in the shaft couplings have not worked loose.

3.7.2 Moving Contact

NOTE: If the moving contacts are replaced, also replace any fixed contacts that are
considerably worn, in order to minimize the wear of the new moving contacts.
Replace a moving contact when the diameter of its contact rollers is reduced to the
diameters given in table 1. Measure the diameter of each roller halfway between the
roller ends, see figure 5. For contact replacement, see section 4.1.

Measure the roller diameter

(a)
fm_00095

Figure 5. Moving contact arm

Compare the measurement of the most worn roller with the diameters given in table 1.

21
3 Overhaul

In each phase, dismantle the fixed contact closest to the door and operate the load tap
changer to this position. Now all the rollers can be measured.
When the measurement is done, operate the load tap changer to another position and
remount all the fixed contacts, see section 4.2.
Table 1. Contact minimum dimensions
Maintenance Measure a (mm)
Interval1)

1 < 18.5
2 < 18
3 < 17.5
4 < 17
5 < 17

1) According to recommendations on the rating plate.

CAUTION
If the load tap changer has exceeded 500 000 operations, the contacts must be
replaced, due to weakening spring tension of the contacts.

3.7.3 Fixed Contact with Tips of Copper-Tungsten

Check the degree of contact burning and establish which side is most worn. Then check,
on the most worn side of the contact, using a mirror, which surface (upper or lower
part) is least worn. Measure the wear on this surface 8 mm up on the tip, according to
fig. 6. The contact may have to be loosened to make the measurement possible.
a

Measure the ”a” value Least worn Most worn side

at this point surface

a
8 mm
A A

b
View A – A

Figure 6.

22
 3 Overhaul

Replace the contact if worn beyond the limits stated in table 2.

Table 2. Contact minimum dimensions

Manitenance b=32 mm b=26 mm

Interval1) Measure a (mm) Measure a (mm)

1 < 3.0 (2.5) < 3.5 (3.0)

2 < 2.5 (2.0) < 3.5 (3.0)
3 < 2.5 (2.0) < 2.5 (2.5)
4 < 2.0 (1.5) < 2.0 (2.5)
5 < 1.5 (1.5) < 1.5 (2.5)

1) According to recommendations on the rating plate.

The values within brackets apply to situations of equal wear of the contact’s upper and
lower surfaces (within ± 0.5 mm).
As applicable, reinstall the old contacts or install new ones, according to instructions in
section 4.2 Fixed Contacts.

3.7.4 Fixed Contact made of Copper

Check the degree of contact burning and establish which side is most worn. Then check,
on the most worn side of the contact, using a mirror, which surface (upper or lower
part) is least worn. Measure the wear on this surface 20 mm up on the contact,
according to fig. 7 or fig. 8. The contact may have to be loosened to make the
measurement possible.
Replace the contact if worn beyond the limits stated in table 3.
Least worn surface

Most worn side View A - A

A A

~ 20

a fm_00023

b=32

Figure 7.

23
3 Overhaul

Table 3.

Maintenance b=32 mm b=26 mm

Interval1) Measure a (mm) Measure a (mm)

1 > 2.0 (2.5) > 4.5 (5.0)

2 > 2.5 (3.0) > 5.5 (6.0)
3 > 3.0 (3.5) > 5.5 (6.0)
4 > 3.5 (4.0) > 6.0 (6.5)
5 > 3.5 (4.0) > 6.0 (6.5)

1) According to recommendations on the rating plate.

The values within brackets apply to situations of equal wear of the contact’s upper and
lower surfaces (within ± 0.5 mm).
As applicable, reinstall the old contacts or install new ones, according to instructions in
section 4.2 Fixed Contacts.
Least worn surface

Most worn side View A - A

A A

~ 20

b=26
Figure 8.

3.8 Checking the Transition Resistors

Operate the load tap changer to a position where the moving contacts are placed on
single fixed contacts.
Connect one of the cables from the ohmmeter to one transition contact and the other
cable to the moving main switching contact, measure the resistance and proceed with
the other phases. See figure 9.
Measure the resistance of each resistor and compare with values given on the rating
plate. The values may not differ by more than 10%.
Check that the resistors are undamaged.
Check that the screw joints for contacts, resistors etc. have not worked loose.

24
 3 Overhaul

Measure the
resistance here

and measure
resistance here

Figure 9

3.9 Checking the Pressure Relay

3.9.1 Functional Check of the Pressure Relay
Information plate

Valve handle
(in service
position)

Quick
coupling

,,

Test tap (R 1/8’’)

Figure 10. Pressure relay

1.Set the valve handle to the test position as shown on the information plate.
2.Connect the air pump and the pressure gauge to the test tap on the pressure relay.
(Thread R 1/8”).
3.Raise the pressure until the pressure relay trips the circuit breakers of the
transformer.
4.Read the pressure on the manometer and check against the pressure stated on the
information plate. Max. permitted deviation is ±10 %. If the deviation is greater,
the pressure relay should be replaced.
5.Check that the signal disappears when the pressure is released.
6.After finishing the check, turn back the valve handle to service position.
25
3 Overhaul

3.9.2 Replacing the Pressure Relay

If replacement of the pressure relay is necessary, it is carried out according to the
instruction in 1ZSE5492-128 Repair Guide for UZE and UZF.

3.10 Checking of Motor-Drive Mechanism

type BUF3
The motor-drive mechanism should be checked and lubricated at the same time as the
load tap changer.
The overhaul includes the following points:
Before disconnecting the power supply.
nMotor protection function

nGround fault protection (option)

nCounter function
After disconnecting the power supply.

nHeater function
nV-belt tightness
nMotor contactors connections
nTightness of the gland for the main shaft
nDisc brake function
nStarting contact movement
nPosition transmitter and other position switches
nLubrication
Reconnect the power supply and make operation tests according to section 3.11.

3.10.1 Motor Protection, BUF3

The function of the protective motor switch has to be checked. For three-phase AC
motors, remove one of the phase fuses and check the function time of the protective
motor switch by a RAISE or LOWER operation. The protective motor switch must
release within 60 seconds at a current setting equal to the rated current of the motor at
the actual voltage.
If the protective motor switch does not trip within 60 seconds, switch off the power and
adjust the current setting. Repeat the test when the motor is cold.
WARNING
The motor power voltage is dangerous.

Protective motor switches for DC motors or single-phase AC motors are not necessary
to test.
26
 3 Overhaul

3.10.2 Ground Fault Protection (option)

If the motor-drive mechanism is equipped with an outlet, the ground fault relay should
be tested by pressing the test knob on the outlet.

3.10.3 Counter, BUF3

Check that the counter is functioning at RAISE and LOWER operations.

3.10.4 Heater, BUF3

Disconnect the incoming auxiliary power.
WARNING
Before starting any work inside the motor-drive mechanism, the auxiliary power
must be switched off.

N.B. The motor, contactors and heating element may be energized from seperate
sources.

Open the control panel.

Check by feeling with your hand that the heating element has been functioning.

3.10.5 V-belt, BUF3

Check that the V-belt is tight enough. If tightening is required, adjust the motor
support. The tightness of the belt can be checked by a spring balance attached to the
belt, halfway between the pulleys. At a 10 N load the belt should yield about 5 mm.

~ 5 mm

10 N

Figure 11.

3.10.6 Cable Connections, BUF3

Check that all cable connections within reach are secure.

3.10.7 Gland for the Main Shaft, BUF3

Check that the gland is tight. (It is not likely that the gland must be exchanged).
No signs of oil leakage into the motor drive cabinet should exist.

27
3 Overhaul

3.10.8 Disc Brake, BUF3

Check that the flywheel is free from grease. The flywheel shall stop in its middle
position with a tolerance of ± 30 degrees.
The middle position of the flywheel is marked with two conical holes and the tolerances
of ± 30 degrees are marked with single holes. The middle position of the brake is the
centres of the brake roller.
The braking force can be adjusted by tightening the springs in the brake until the
required tolerance is achieved, see figure 12. If adjustment is not sufficient and the
driving roller runs too far and is on its way into the grooves of the flywheel, oil or
grease has probably entered into the brake linings and these must therefore be cleaned.
The cleaning should be done as follows:
Dismantle the springs on the brake. Dismantle the two screws holding the brake and
remove the brake carefully together with the two brake blocks and the attached
operating arm for the starting contact. The linings of the two brake blocks should be
carefully cleaned by using toluol spirit or any degreasing agent.
When reassembling the brake, check that the flywheel is completely free from grease.
Adjust the brake until the flywheel stops in its right position, as described above.
When the brake is remounted adjust the starting contact according to the next
paragraph.

3.10.9 Starting Contact, BUF3

Check that the play between the operating arm and the starting contact plunge is
0,5 ± 0,3 mm when not affected. Adjustment can be made by moving the starting
contact (fig. 12).
0.5 + 0.3

Starting contact

Screws
Brake rod Dismantle when
removing the
Springs brake Starting contact

Loosen when adjusting

Flywheel

fm_00098
Figure 12. Starting contact

28
 3 Overhaul

3.10.10 Position Transmitter and other Position Switches,

BUF3
Clean the contact plates and arms from dust and dirt with a dry cloth.
Check and adjust the resilience of the moving contacts in the multi-position switches.
The moving contacts shall, in all positions, have a clearance between the nut and the
contact arm of 0.4–1.2 mm. Adjustment is made with the nuts on the moving contact
(fig. 13).

Contact arm Moving contact

Contact arm
0.8 + 0.4mm

Geneva wheel

Contact plate
Fixed contact
A A A–A
fm_00096

Figure 13. Contact arm play

29
3 Overhaul

3.10.11 Lubrication, BUF3

AThis point should be sparingly lubricated with oil. Use oil for plain ball and roller
bearings.
B The spur gears and the geneva wheel with the limit stop are sparingly lubricated
with grease when necessary. Use Lithium grease for ball and roller bearings in low
temperatures (–50 to +80 °C).
Other bearing points do not need lubrication.
NOTE: Protect the flywheel and the brake linings against lubricants. Wipe off excess
lubricant.

Figure 14. Motor-Drive Mechanism BUF3, lubrication points

Close the control panel and reconnect the incomming auxiliary power. Turn the selector-
switch to LOCAL position and make the operation test according to section 3.11.

30
 3 Overhaul

3.11 Operation Test, BUF3

The rotary motion is transmitted from the motor-drive mechanism to the selector-switch
through the gland box in the tank. A mechanical position indicator is provided in the
motor-drive mechanism and the position is given by the geneva gear.
The contact arms of each phase are fixed to the shaft by taper-pins and no adjustment
between contact arms and driving shaft is needed after mounting.
Operate the driving mechanism, first by manual operation and then electrically between
the limit positions. Check the limit stops by operating the load tap changer to one of the
end positions. When trying to operate it electrically beyond the end position, the motor
should not start. Check the mechanical end stop by trying to hand crank it beyond the
end position. After a couple of turns on the hand crank it should be mechanically
stopped. Operate the load tap changer electrically to the other end position and repeat
the test procedure above. Make sure that the load tap changer operates with spring
force.

WARNING
The hands or tools must be kept away from the contacts when making a manual or
electrical operation. The contact arm is operated by a spring battery and can cause
severe damages.

Check the step-by-step relay, if applicable, by keeping the RAISE/LOWER switch

engaged in RAISE. The load tap changer shall make only one step. Repeat the check in
LOWER.
Check the function of the position transmitter and other multi position switches in all
positions.

31
3 Overhaul

3.12 Checking of Motor-Drive Mechanism

type BUL
The motor-drive mechanism should be checked and lubricated at the same time as the
load tap changer.
The overhaul includes the following points:
Before disconnecting the power supply:
nMotor protection function
nGround fault protector (option)
nCounter function
After disconnecting the power supply:
nHeater function
nToothed belt
nCable connections
nDisc brake function
nPosition transmitter and other position switches
nLubrication
Reconnect the power supply and make operation tests according to section 3.13.

32
 3 Overhaul

Operation counter

Roller
(Grease)
Notch
Cam disc

(Grease)

Brake arm

Geneva
wheel Adjusting
screw

Maintaining
contact

Bracket

Brake disc
Limit switch

Toothed belt

Multi-position switches
(Grease)

Fig. 15. Motor-drive mechanism, type BUL

33
3 Overhaul

3.12.1 Motor Protection, BUL

Open the motor-drive cabinet door and turn the selector-switch to the LOCAL
position. The function of the protective motor switch is checked. For three-phase AC
motors, one of the phase fuses is removed and the function time of the protective motor
switch is checked by a RAISE or LOWER operation. The protective motor switch shall
release within 60 seconds at a current setting equal to the rated current of the motor at
actual voltage.

WARNING
The motor power voltage is dangerous.

If the protective motor switch does not trip within 60 seconds, switch off the power and
adjust the current setting. Repeat the test when the motor is cold.
Protective motor switches for DC motors and for single-phase AC motors are not
tested.

3.12.2 Ground Fault Protector (option), BUL

If the motor-drive mechanism is equipped with an outlet, the ground fault protector
should be tested by pressing the test knob on the outlet. (On BUL, the ground fault
protector is separated from the outlet and the knob is on the protector).

3.12.3 Counter, BUL

Check that the counter is functioning at RAISE and LOWER operations. Check that
the position indicator increases (decreases) one step and the counter advances one step
for each operation. Record the counter’s value. The counter shows the number of
operations run by the load tap changer.

3.12.4 Heater, BUL

WARNING
Before starting any work inside the motor-drive mechanism, the auxiliary power
must be switched off.
N.B. The motor, contactors and heating element may be energized from separate
sources.

Check by feeling with a finger that the heating element has been functioning.

3.12.5 Toothed Belt, BUL

Check that the toothed belt is sufficiently tight. If tightening is required, adjust the
motor support. The tightness of the belt can be checked by a spring balance attached to
the belt halfway between the pulleys. At a 6 N load the belt should yield about 2 mm on
BUL.

34
 3 Overhaul

3.12.6 Cable Connections, BUL

Check that all cable connections within reach are secure.

3.12.7 Disc Brake, BUL

Run the motor-drive mechanism and check that the centre of the notch in the cam disc
stops within ±2 mm from the centre of the roller on the brake arm, see Fig. 16. If it does
not stop within the tolerances, adjust the breaking force with the adjusting screw in the
lower end of the brake arm. Loosen the lock nut. Tightening the screw (clockwise)
makes the stop earlier and loosening the screw (anticlockwise) makes the stop later.
Tighten the lock nut after the adjustment.

Roller on the brake arm

in centre of the notch
in the cam disc Brake arm

Cam disc

Lock nut

Adjusting screw

Brake disc

Min 15

Fig. 16. Brake adjustment, type BUL

CAUTION
If the motor-drive still does not stop when the brake is adjusted to min. 15 mm
according to Fig. 16 please contact ABB for advisory.

3.12.8 Position Transmitter and other Position Switches,

BUL
Check the contact function in all positions at both RAISE and LOWER operations.
No adjustment of the contacts should be made. For replacement of a Position Switch see
1ZSE 5492-129, Repair Guide, On-Load Tap-Changers, types UCG, UCL, UCC and
UCD.
If there is a lot of dust, it can be removed from the circuit cards and the transparent
covers with a vacuum cleaner, without disassembling the multi-position switch.

35
3 Overhaul

3.12.9 Lubrication, BUL

Lubrication is not needed at normal working conditions. All ball bearings have rubber
seals and are permanently greased. All cam discs and some gears are made of self
lubricating material.

If needed, the bevel gears for the hand crank, the geneva wheels, and the bevel gears for
the position indicator might be sparingly lubricated with the same grease as the shaft
system. (GULF-718EP Synthetic Grease, Mobilgrease 28, Shell-Aero Shell Grease 22
or similar). See figure 15.

Reconnect power supplies.

3.13 Operation Test, BUL

Operate the motor-drive mechanism, first by manual operation and then electrically
between the limit positions. Check the limit stops by operating the load tap changer to
one of the end positions. When trying to operate it electrically beyond the end position,
the motor should not start. Check the mechanical end stop by trying to hand crank it
beyond the end position. After a couple of turns on the hand crank it should be
mechanically stopped. Handcrank back to the end position (the indicator flag shows
white colour for BUL). Operate the load tap changer electrically to the other end posi-
tion and carry out the same test procedure as above.
Check the emergency stop, when applicable, by giving a RAISE or LOWER impulse
and after about one second press the emergency stop. The operation should be
interrupted. Reset the emergency stop by turning the knob clockwise and switch on the
protective motor switch. The started operation should now be completed.
Check the running-through protection with the step-by-step function, when applicable
disengaged. This is done by first removing the connection between terminals X4:1 and
X4:2 and then keep the RAISE/LOWER switch engaged. The motor-drive mechanism
should stop before the fourth operation is completed. This checking must be done at least
five steps from the end position. After the test reset the time relay by putting the
LOCAL/REMOTE switch to 0 and then back. Reset the protective motor switch to ON.
Remount the connection between X4:1 and X4:2.
Check the step-by-step relay, where applicable, by keeping the RAISE/LOWER switch
engaged in RAISE. The load tap changer shall make only one step. Repeat the check in
LOWER.
Check the function of the position transmitter and other multi position switches in all
positions.

3.14 Closing
Before closing the front cover of the load tap changer, make sure that no foreign objects,
tools, wires, rags etc. are left in the tank.
Close the front cover. Tightening torque for the dome nuts should be approximately
42 Nm.

36
 3 Overhaul

3.15 Checking of Disc Brake in Gear Box

and Drive Shaft System for UZG

3.15.1 Disc Brake (Gear Box), UZG

Remove the cover of the gear box.

Figure 17
Check that the flywheel is free from grease. The flywheel shall stop in its middle
position with a tolerance of ± 30 degrees.
The middle position of the flywheel is marked with two conical holes and the tolerances
of ± 30 degrees are marked with single holes. The middle position of the brake is the
centres of the roller shafts.
The braking force can be adjusted by tightening the springs in the brake until the
required tolerance is achieved. If adjustment is not sufficient and the driving roller runs
too far and is on its way into the grooves of the flywheel, oil or grease has probably
entered into the brake linings and these must therefore be cleaned.
The cleaning should be done as follows:
Dismantle the springs on the brake. Dismantle the two pins and two bolts holding the
brake and remove the brake carefully together with the two brake blocks (fig. 17). The
linings of the two brake blocks should be carefully cleaned by using toluol spirit or any
degreasing agent.
When reassembling the brake, check that the flywheel is completely free from grease.
Adjust the brake until the flywheel stops in its right position, as described above.
Check and lubricate the gears with grease if necessary. Use the same grease as for the
drive shaft system.
Lubricate the bearing for the spring battery with oil. Use oil for plain ball and roller
bearings.
Replace the cover of the gearbox

37
3 Overhaul

3.15.2 Lubrication of the Drive Shaft System UZG

For access to couplings, loosen the hose clips and push the protective tubes together.
WARNING
Rotating Shafts. Be Cautious!

Check and lubricate with grease if necessary. Reccommended types of grease are
GULF-718 EP Synthetic Grease, Mobilgrease 28, Shell-Aero Shell Grease 22, or
similar.
Remount covers (make sure the gaskets are properly in place).

3.16 Oil Filling

3.16.1 Filling Methods and Restrictions
Oil filling can be carried out at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. The wall
between the load tap changer and the transformer tank is designed to withstand vacuum
on one side and atmospheric pressure on the other side. It is not permissable to have
vacuum on one side and the pressure of an oil column on the other side.
After maintenance, oil is normally filled at atmospheric pressure. This procedure is
described in section 3.16.2. If filling is to be done under vacuum see Installation and
Commissioning Guide for UZE, UZF, and UZG.

3.16.2 Filling at Atmospheric Pressure

1.Open the conservator valve, if any.
2.Dismantle the pipe to the breather. Or, if simplier, take away the air relief valve or
the dehydrating breather.
3.Connect the pump to the oil valve on the load tap changer tank. Open the
valve and pump in oil to the correct level shown on the oil level indicator. For
correct oil level see section 3.16.3.
4.Shut the oil valve and disconnect the pump.
5.Reassemble the pipe or the breather. The connections must be airtight, use sealing
tape on the threads and O-rings in the flanges.
When the transformer and the load tap changer have a common oil conservator, you
should carry out oil filling as described in the instructions from the transformer
manufacturer.

38
 3 Overhaul

3.16.3 Correct Oil Level

(For installations where load tap changer and the transformer tank have a
common oil conservator the instructions for the transformer should be used.)

Oil Level Indicator delivered by ABB Components

At +25 oC (77 oF), oil is filled to the level where the pointer of the oil level indicator
points half-way between MIN and MAX.
For other temperatures than +25 oC (77 oF), proceed as follows:
– For every 10 oC (18 oF) increase of temperature, adjust the oil level upwards a tenth
of the scale range of the oil level indicator.
– For every 10 oC (18 oF) decrease of temperature, adjust the oil level downwards a
tenth of the scale range of the oil level indicator.

39
4 Contact Replacement

3.17 Waiting Period

CAUTION
Do not energize the transformer earlier than three hours after oil filling in
atmospheric pressure. This waiting period is needed to allow air bubbles to
disappear.

3.18 Putting into Operation

Operate the load tap changer to the position noted in secion 3.3.1. Put the LOCAL/
REMOTE switch to REMOTE. Reset the draghands.

Make sure that no tools or foreign objects are left in the motor-drive cabinet. Close the
door. Sign the maintenance protocol and give it to the engineer in charge and inform
him that the load tap changer is ready for energizing.

4 Contact Replacement
CAUTION
ABB Components recommends that only maintenance engineers trained by ABB
Components carry out contact replacement.

fm_00094

Figure 18. Moving contact system design

40
 4 Contact Replacement

4.1 Moving Contacts

The transition contact unit and the moving main contact unit are delivered as assembled
sets. When changing the moving contacts the whole unit shall be replaced.
First the transition resistors must be removed by loosening 2 bolts (A) (fig. 19). Also
remove 4 bolts (B) at the other end of the contact arm. Then remove the complete
transition contact unit by unbolting the 2 bolts (C). The removal is facilitated by bending
with a screwdriver. The moving main contact unit is removed by unbolting the 2 bolts
(D).
CAUTION
Note the number and the positions of the washers and make sure the washers will be
correctly remounted.

NOTE: If the moving contacts are replaced, also replace any fixed contacts that are
considerably worn, in order to minimize the wear of the new moving contacts.
Transition resistor

Transition contact unit

A (25 Nm)

B (10 Nm)
B

Moving main A–A

contact unit fm_00100

C (25 Nm)
D (10 Nm)
Figure 19. Transition resistor and contacts

Thereafter mount the new main contact unit and transition contact unit. Mount the main
contact by tightening the two screws (D). The transition contact unit will be correctly
positioned by the guiding of the roll pins and fixed by tightening the two bolts (C).
Assemble the transition resistors by first tightening the four screws (B) and then the two
screws (A). All bolts should be tightened according to fig. 19. It is not necessary to use
a torque wrench. The stated torques (in brackets) are guide values only.

41
4 Contact Replacement

4.2 Fixed Contacts

To remove the fixed contact blades you have to loosen the two socket screws. On UZE/
UZF/UZG 550/... and 650/..., the shields on the fixed contacts should not be removed.
When mounting the new contact blades, the socket screws should be tightened by a
torque of 12 Nm. Make sure the serrated lock washers are mounted.

fm_00101

Figure 20. Main contact placement

After replacing the contacts, operate the load tap changer by normal spring operation.
Check that the moving main contact goes up on the flat part of the fixed contact. The
centre of the main contact tip must be at least 1 mm in on the flat part after finished
operation. This inspection should be made in all positions on all three phases and
operation in both directions. If the 1 mm is not achieved, the contact blade might be
loosened and turned within the clearance of the holes.

WARNING
The hands or tools must be kept away from the contacts when making a manual or
electrical operation. The contact arm is operated by a spring battery and can cause
severe damages.

42
 5 Specification of Materials

5 Specification of Materials
5.1 General
This chapter specifies the materials used in the load tap changer.

5.2 Load Tap Changer Tank

Material Amount

Steel 400–600 kg

Transformer oil 400–1100 kg

5.3 Active Part

Material Amount

Steel 10–75 kg

Aluminium 5 kg

Copper and alloys 40–75 kg

Silver 25–50 g

Tungsten 0–1.5 kg

Epoxy resin 25–50 kg

Polyester resin 2 kg

Phenol resin laminate 0–100 kg

Siliceous flux 50–100 kg

Resistor wire (mainly copper and

nickel alloys with small amounts
of aluminium and manganese) 0.5–5 kg

43
5 Specification of Materials

5.4 Motor-Drive Mechanism BUF3

Material Amount

Steel 100 kg

Copper and alloys 5–10 kg

Silver 10 g

Plastics:
chlorsulphonded polyethylene
polyamide
phenol resin laminate
polyester
PVC
carbonate plastic

Rubbers:
nitrile rubber
fluorine rubber

CAUTION
Materials listed in the table above without any specification of amount are included
because they may cause pollution problems during de-commissioning, even in the
small quantities used.

44
 5 Specification of Materials

5.5 Motor-Drive Mechanism BUL

Material BUL
Amount

Steel 55 kg

Copper and alloys 5 kg

Aluminium and alloys 10 kg

Silver 10 g

Plastics:
chlorsulphonated polyethylene x
polyamide with MoS2 x
phenol resin laminate
polyester x
PVC x
carbonate plastic x
Rubbers:
nitrile rubber x
fluorine rubber x

CAUTION
Materials listed in the table above without any specification of amount are included
because they may cause pollution problems during de-commissioning, even in the
small quantities used.

45