OUTLINE

Teacher centered approach vs student centered approach, which is better.

Introduction
Student centered approach is more relevant as it gives more space to students to
develop ideas critically and creatively.
I. Definition
A) Teachers centered approach method
B) Students centered approach method.
II. Teaching strategy
A) Teachers centered approach method
 Direct instruction.
 Teachers as expert.
B) Students centered approach method.
 Indirect teaching strategy
 Students can choose their own methods.
 Gave students a meaningful experience.
III. Advantages and disadvantages of teaching methods
o Allows the teacher to communicate complex information and
knowledge according to the student's ability level
 Disadvantage
o Many teachers fail to fully realize about the limits of teachers
B) Students centered approach method.
 Advantage
o Allows students to actively participate in their studies.
 Disadvantage
o Optimum learning period will take a long time

IV. Conclusion
The conclusion of the essay

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Introduction

Teaching methods are a process of teaching teachers in which they encompass the way
and strategies that will be used to teach. Teachers will use either teacher-centered approaches
or student-centered approaches.

The chosen learning method will also influence the strategies that will be used by
teachers or pupils to obtain different information and adapt to different learning situations.

Definition

A) Teachers centered approach method

With this method, we can say that teachers may have authority and in fully control the
class and teaching and learning processes. Roughly we can imagine that teacher is teaching in
front of class while all students listening to the lecture at their seats. This method does not
encourage students to give their own opinion eventhough they probably already have more
knowledge in them trough observation or experience of their own life.

Teachers centered, information,knowledge, example and topic expansion are fully

depend to teachers. If the teachers knowledge is wide in these topics, so it will be wide and
long explanation by teachers about the topic. If not, it will be otherwise.

This method is also known as traditional method. It is because it is widely used in

Kaedah ini juga dikenali dengan jolokan kaedah tradisional. Ini adalah kerana kaedah education
fields especially in the era of before indipendence because typically students at that era do not
have many self knowledge and depend to their teachers to deliver the information fully.

Limited access to information due to limited resources, this method is best used by
teachers. Likewise, if it happens in the post-independence era, there is still a school that does
not have many facilities to access information such as in the interior like television and the
internet, so this method is more suitable for use by teachers.

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B) Students centered approach method.

This method focuses on the development of student learning as an individual. Teachers

give students the choice, knowledge and what they want to learn, creating collaboration by
building a knowledge and positive environment. Assessment also involves students
continuously and teachers are more aware of teachers' views. Students will also be directly
involved in their own learning planning.

For this method students are encouraged to express all the knowledge they have. Such
knowledge may come from a living experience, observation or reading of sources other than
textbooks. In this modern development era, the lack of access to information makes the current
era of students not an 'empty' student.

Before a topic is discussed, the teacher will first consider the existing knowledge of the
students on the topic. Incorrect information or misunderstanding will be corrected through
discussion and brainstorming. This method is easier to use if the teacher wants to rephrase a
negative fact that is often misunderstood by students who are still immature in his thinking.

This method also allows two-way communication between teachers and students to
build a close relationship between teachers and students. Teachers are easier to approach
students and students are more likely to ask the teacher about what they do not understand or
confuse and their perceptions will be the same and not different from ordinary logic.

Many resources in the field of education have focused on the most effective learning
method to attract students to school and focus on learning. Other than learns to pass checks,
teachers need to consider appropriate strategies so that students can experience an interesting
learning experience that is not out of school as well as reinforcing their memory of the learning
they are learning.

The traditional method has been largely rejected by most teachers as it is found to be
ineffective in the teaching and learning process for today's pupils whose average is ahead of
teacher knowledge and has a high level of confidence. Most students feel tired of being in the
classroom if they can not join or do anything and simply listen. This way they can easily get
bored, they know more and encourage them to skip because for them the school is a boring
place because all the topics they have learned and can be accessed through other sources apart
from the teacher.

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 To draw the attention of students to school, teachers must first consider a student-
centered strategy for teachers and students to learn something new every day. Using this
method both teachers and students will gain a new experience because of different learning and
knowledge based learning processes for each student.

Students centered approach method instructs students to take responsibility for their
learning. This is because they are directly involved in discovering knowledge, using materials
that challenge existing knowledge and deep understanding of new concepts. This method also
involves high social interactions using schools, occupations, homes and communities as a
source of reference as well as using outdoor activities to enhance learning.

Teaching strategy

A) Teachers centered approach method

This method can also be referred to as a direct teaching strategy or referred to in English
as Direct Instruction. Based on this method, the strategy used is that the teacher plays an active
role in the teaching and learning process while the pupil plays a role to receive passive
instruction or can also be called a one-way communication (only teacher speaks).

This traditional strategy places teachers as experts in the subjects and key sources of
knowledge. Then the main purpose of the students to attend the class is to get the information
that the teacher has assigned to them. Students only need to repeat, memorize and redistribute
what they have been taught. Based on this strategy some academicians are of the opinion that
teacher-centered teaching is:

•The purpose of pupils learning is to achieve the objectives of the curriculum that enable them
to think critically

• Pupils complete the activities that teachers have determined to achieve academic success.

• Pupils respond to positive expectations set by teachers in the process of progressive progress
through specified activities

• Extrinsic motivation such as reward or grade assessment is given to pupils where it will
motivate them to understand information as well as demonstrate an understanding of the
concepts being taught.

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• All student work results will be fully evaluated by the teacher

Before this strategy is applied in teaching, teachers must first ensure that pupils have
been taught the basics before entering the new concept. For example, before the teacher goes
to the tayammum title, the teacher should ensure that students have been taught the purification
and ablution so that students can better understand the concept of tayammun more accurately
and deeply.

B) Students centered approach method

The strategy for this method is better known as an indirect teaching strategy. Unlike the
teacher-centered strategy, student-centered strategies shift the role of teachers from faculty to
facilitators or facilitators. During the classroom learning process, pupils will be actively and
fully involved in thinking, finding information, formulating, stretching, evaluating,
collaborating, collaborating and reflecting on learning. Automatically, pupils will build
understanding using the resources that have been provided as a base (scaffholding technique)
hands-on and mind-ons and work cooperatively and collaborate with friends or others. The
emphasis is that students can implement self-directed learning and perceive self-esteem.

In order to implement this strategy, the teacher should focus on the following: -

• What students want to know about a topic or concept

• Teachers need to take into account individual student needs such as intellectual and emotional
levels

• Student's social needs: can they collaborate, communicate with each other, and peer
acceptance in their learning process.

The application of this strategy does not mean that students can determine what they
want to learn or do. When this strategy is interpreted to students, they are more likely to choose
their own titles, methods and activities and often end up with situations that are beyond the
control of the teacher.

This strategy should make the focus of the students more on learning that will give them
a meaningful experience. Teachers are advised not only to be facilitators who are sitting waiting
for the student to come. In addition to requiring active students to engage in teaching and
learning activities, teachers should also be active facilitators and mentors.

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Some formulas can be derived from the student-centered teaching strategies: -

• Learning is more active and non-passive

• Emphasis on learning and understanding deeper

• Increase student responsibility

• Enhance student autonomy

• Interdependence between teacher and student

• Mutual respect between teacher and student

• The teaching and learning approach is more reflexive for teachers and students.

This student-centered strategy is widely used in schools throughout Malaysia. All

trained teachers are required to know the basics used solely to ensure that the teaching methods
used in the classroom are student-centered teaching.

Most of the sources of information obtained average reject the teacher-centered

teaching method that is considered outdated and is only used by teachers who are incapable of
attracting the attention of students.

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 The following table is a significant difference that can be seen between teacher-
centered learning methods and student-centered learning.

Teachers centered approach method Students centered approach method

- The teacher as principal retransmit - Teacher as facilitator

information about a particular field - Create a learning experience that may be of
- Existing knowledge of students is not interest to the students and encourage their
considered an important thing participation in the teaching and learning
- Students need not be active in the teaching process.
and learning process. -Provides an opportunity for students to learn
Teachers are solely responsible for the in individual, group and class.
teaching of aids that will be used in teaching - involve students in the process of learning
and learning. through negotiations based on strengths and
-The teacher determines the procedures for weaknesses of the students.
making assessment of student achievement -Give students the freedom to make
- One way communication, only teachers decisions about resource materials and
who speak in class. learning activities
Students ' knowledge and views are not taken -Creating monitoring procedures so that
into account. learners are responsible for what they learn.
-Establish collaborative assessment criteria
between teachers and students.
-Collaborative Continuous assessment plan.
- Students are free to give their opinions with
teachers' guidance and guidance.

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 Examples of methods used by teachers: Examples of methods that can be used in a
1. Lecture masterpiece, demonstration, and class:
storytelling, drills 1. Suggestion and debate
2. Notes notes - teachers write, students listen 2. Role play, fieldwork and project.
and copy in the book 3. Various referral sources - encyclopedias,
3. A reference source - textbook internet, observations
4. Location of limited learning in the 4. Various learning locations - computer
classroom laboratories, school halls, halls
5. Explain and practice 5. Description and practical
6. Provide and convey information 6. Teaching by peers
7. Teach the procedure (SOP) 7. Teachers reach every student in a small
8. Build step-by-step skills group activity

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TEACHING METHODS

A) Teachers centered approach method

Advantages

If a teacher uses teacher-centered teaching wisely, it allows the teacher to communicate

complex information and knowledge according to the student's ability level. Through this
strategy, the teacher delivers information that the pupil can not achieve because it is not
available in any of the resources although it is accessible to students, examples of teacher
experience. It is great to increase the enthusiasm and interest of the pupil to learn more about
the top.

This strategy can also be used directly to enable students to focus on the relevant lesson
content so that students can link new knowledge with existing information and past
experiences.

Disadvantages

One of the main disadvantages of this method is misuse of strategies that many teachers
fail to fully realize about the limits of teachers. Teachers should acknowledge that direct
teaching ability is in fact limited to enable pupils to develop their ability to think critically as
well as limit the ability of students to study or work in groups. Therefore the teaching of this

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method can only be seen and accepted as one of the strategies that teachers can use when
teaching.

B) Student centered approach

Advantages

This method allows students to actively participate in their studies. Learning processes
and activities are carried out by students and not imposed by students. The teacher serves as a
facilitator or facilitator. This strategy encourages student creativity to help students develop
problem solving skills. Learning this way allows the learning experience to be more in-depth
and broad.

Disadvantages

Among the disadvantages of this strategy or method is that it is more focused.

Therefore, the optimum learning period will take a long time when compared with direct
teaching. As a facilitator, teachers need to be able to carry out their pupils' learning and this
possibility may cause discomfort among students. Additionally, more challenges will be faced
during the implementation to enable pupils to achieve the predetermined learning objectives.

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CONCLUSION

The use of these two methods is widely practiced among academics. If a teacher-
centered teacher-seeking search, it is worth acknowledging that this method is considered
outdated and is no longer suitable for use today.

However, not all subjects are appropriate to fully use student-centered teaching
methods. According to an expert in the Islamic Education subject, Shamsina Shamsudin in his
knowledge sharing blog, states that not all topics in Islamic Education subjects are mainly
religious topics (eg tayammum).

He suggested that the combination of methods between the two (teacher-centered and
student-centered) was more dominant in achieving the cognitive, affective and psychomotor
domain objectives of the students. Among the proposed methods are the method of explanation
(teacher-centered), demonstration (teacher-centered), motivation (student-centered), practical
(student-centered), simulation ((student-centered), and problem solving (student-centered).

In my opinion, student centered approach is more relevant as it gives more space to

students to develop ideas critically and creatively.

There are many articles, journals and teaching reference books for teachers and
pedagogy have emphasized the use of student-centered methods if a teacher wants the teaching
and learning process to take place smoothly and successfully give a deep understanding to his
students.

Like the study from Dr. Abdullah Ibrahim of the Malaysian College of Engineering and
Technology (KUKTEM) which linked student-centered learning with self-development and
job opportunities. The results of the study found that student-centered methods managed to
generate and able to provide students with the various skills needed in the work sector.

In this study also found that the scenario of outstanding students at the school level then
entered the institutions of higher learning but the instructors were still practicing traditional
methods and repeating the same methods for learning, not really able to master their true
abilities. Finally, the students only pass the exam solely without realizing that they are still
inadequate for them to go to work because they do not have the necessary skills other than just
the knowledge they have learned.

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 Thus, teachers should be aware and willing in terms of their knowledge, skills and
creativity to realize the difference in the outcomes of the students if the teachers are using
student-centered teaching methods to produce truly quality students and achieve the National
Education Philosophy.

2633 words

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