School of Information Technology

Bachelor in Information Technology

Academic Research
Task 1

Prepared by:
1. Chin Kai Wen - SUKD1700733
2. Mohannan A/L Rajamahendran - SUKD1701021
3. Yap Koon Kit - SUKD1603274
4. Leong Chee Ling - SUKD1700315
5. Yukesh Ravichandran - SUKD1800972
Problem Addressed
One of the problems smart cities are facing is coverage and capacity. Certain IoT networks
were unable to provide enough coverage to support even the simplest smart city applications. Due to
the ever-increasing volume of sensors and their data, robust connectivity technology is a requirement
for success.

Next, digital security is another threat cities face when they try to implement smart city
projects. As personal data gets uploaded into the cloud, it is often shared with digital devices, which,
in turn, share the information among multiple users

The other problem that smart cities face is overcoming challenges with legislation. Important
challenges faced by legislators include finding workable policies to regulate stakeholders, unleashing
economic development, maintaining benefits for the city’s population and permitting growth in
research-and-development investment. Getting participants to share their personal data, and
balancing trade-offs, is also a challenge for many policymakers.

Prior Research
Reference Topic Strength Weakness
016 International Smart Parking Faster time to locate Required road sensors
Conference on parking slot & fewer and intelligent display
Internet of Things and carbon monoxide along the best path
Applications (IOTA), released from car. for city parking.
266-270, 2016 Also less traffic
congestion.
Xiaojie Wang, Traffic Management Traffic monitoring The monitoring
Zhaolong Ning, Lei may be realized by systems will need to
Wang using the sensing be equipped with
IEEE Transactions on capabilities and GPS Artificial Intelligence
Industrial Informatics installed on modern technologies to detect
14 (10), 4568-4578, vehicles , and also slowdowns or unusual
2018 adopting a traffic without the
combination of air need of an end user.
quality and acoustic
sensors along a given
road. This information
is of great importance
for city authorities and
citizens: for the
former to discipline
traffic and to send
officers where needed
and for the latter to
plan in advance the
route to reach the
office or to better

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 schedule a shopping
trip to the city centre.
P Susmitha, G Sowya Accident Detection We know that Expensive sound
Bala whenever an accident sensors and CCTV
International Journal occurs there is a cameras are required
of Computer possibility of traffic. to be installed along
Applications 97 (3), The sound sensors major streets as they
2014 and video feed play an important role
monitor it in this application.
continuously and is
integrated into the
GPS system. Thus, the
user will get a
notification and can
choose an alternative
route.

Significance
Based on the article, it makes a significant contribution in the area of the future directions of IoT
Technologies in smart cities.

Table 1

According to the research in table 1, IoT Technologies contribute significantly to the majority of
the detailed features of smart cities technologies and infrastructure. The reason behind this is the
fundamental concepts and ideas of IoT Technologies are shared with those of smart city technologies
and infrastructure, where it causes a large number of business opportunities and extensive growth
potential to exist. Likewise, to have an efficient and successful development of future IoT Technologies
in smart cities, the following point involve focus.

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  Importance: In addition to sensor-oriented technologies, technologies for network services
are considered the most important IoT technologies for a smart city infrastructure [ (Hui,
2017)Smart home cloud server technology; (Huang) Home network service cloud server
construction]
 Essentiality: Compared to other technologies, energy-related technologies are considered the
most essential IoT technologies for the smart city infrastructure [ (Chandrasekaran,
2017)Energy load management technology, (Perschewski, 2017)BIM-based smart building
energy management and analytical technology].

Because the technologies applied in a smart home environment are fundamental aspects of a
smart city, the technologies and infrastructure for a smart home network should be swiftly developed
and prepared [ (Stojkoska, 2017)Smart home cloud server technology]. The contribution of the article
is based in the area of the methodology used.

Methodology
Due to the lack of the resources and information about smart cities, multiple smart cities are
compared simultaneously for this study to conduct, this include the city that discussed in this research
which is The Cyberjaya Project that included in the Malaysia Multimedia Super Corridor project.
Besides, The Padova Smart City Project of Italy is included to.

The reason of the information about smart cities project are very hard to get is because smart
city is still a very new prototype of intelligence city, the age of this prototype is about 10 years
therefore is still in a very beginning stage. This research is conducted with major of qualitative analysis
because quantitative analysis is much more difficult.

To collect the core features or ideas of smart city, different research paper are collected and
analysed. These features is important because this is the core idea of smart city which use the
technology of Internet of Things to monitor, automate and simplified the life of the people who live
in the city.

Contributions
To realize the impression of a smart city, IoT technologies are one of the most crucial elements
in carrying forward detailed plans of a smart city. Regarding the various aspects of IoT technologies,
the following points should be addressed.

For a complete testing of IoT technologies inside a smart city infrastructure should be
established. It is necessary to carry out government-led demonstrations of complex sites for
promoting the smart city industry and markets. This will allow the participants within a smart city
infrastructure to evaluate and validate the efficiency, economic feasibility, and influencing effects of
developing IoT technologies and suggested services.

Based on the current study of the article, it is meaningful to present both necessary and
priority issues regarding the aspects of IoT technologies for a successful establishment of a smart city
infrastructure and its related services.

Although the current study evaluated the importance of IoT technologies with regard to the
concept of a smart city, in-depth discussions and debates among experts and engineers in fields

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related to smart cities and IoT technologies should be continuously conducted for the provisioning of
specific plans of action.

Author Contributions: E. Park designed the current study and wrote the manuscript. A. P. del Pobil
revised the manuscript and data analysis, and contributed to the initial stages of this study. S. J. Kwon
revised the manuscript.

Further Research
The vision of IoT is to build a smart world. It uses smart objects, data and technology to
connect the physical world to the virtual one in the interest of smartifying all city sectors. According
to CISCO 25 billion device is now connected and that will double by 2020 [35]. It is a revolution that
will change the world by enabling more connectivity. In the ICTs part, the topic which considered by
futurists and researchers the key enabler of this transaction is the IoT trend. Based on infrastructures
includes smartphones, wireless sensors, camera and other sensors to collect data and send it using
communication technologies to be analyzed, stored and transferred by web services. As result, many
IoT application scenarios has been conceived and developed to make Smart City concept a reality.
However, the enabling of such paradigm involves other topics and rises big challenges that we must
face; Big amount of data for example, data analysis, to provide the homogeneous web semantic
models and to improve the storage process. The Security and the privacy issues also are become
increasingly challenging despite the huge efforts that have been done to contend cyber-crime and
cyber-terrorism. Many more laws need to be standardised and published to make the IoT gate more
trustful. It is necessary to build an Internet of energy more reliable, secure and sustainable in order to
enable the IoT connectivity and exchange interoperability between things, which is the most major
problem in IoT.

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