CHAPTER 34 MESH-CURRENT AND NODAL ANALYSIS

Exercise 136, Page x510

Solutions to questions 3, 6, 8 and 9 of Practice Exercise 135 are shown below. It is left as an

exercise for readers to attempt the remaining questions of the Exercise using mesh-current

analysis

1. Q. 3 Ex 135 For the bridge shown below, determine using mesh current analysis the current
flowing in (a) the 5  resistance, (b) the 22  resistance, and (c) the 2 
resistance.

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1. Q. 6 Ex 135 For the network shown below, use mesh current analysis to determine the current

flowing in the capacitive branch.

The loop currents are shown in Fig. 25.

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1. Q.8 Ex 135 Determine the value of currents IA , I B and I C shown in the network below, using

mesh current analysis.

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1. Q. 9 Ex 135 Use mesh-current analysis to determine the currents flowing in (a) the 3 
resistance, (b) the 6  resistance and (c) the 4 V source of the network shown below. Determine
also the active power dissipated in the 5  resistance.

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2. For the network shown below, use mesh-current analysis to determine the value of the current I

and the active power output of the voltage source.

Mesh currents I1 and I2 are shown in the diagram below.

For loop 1, (5  j8)I1  (  j8)I 2  1000 (1)

For loop 2, (8  j6  j8)I 2  ( j8)I1  0 (2)

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Rewriting equations (1) and (2) gives:

(5  j8)I1  j8I2  100  0 (1´)

( j8)I1  (8  j2)I2  0  0 (2´)

Using determinants:

I1  I2 1
 
j8 100 (5  j8) 100 (5  j8) j8
(8  j2) 0 j8 0 j8 (8  j2)

I1 I 1
i.e.  2 
100(8  j2) j800 (5  j8)(8  j2)  64

I1 I 1
i.e.  2 
800  j200 j800 40  j10  j64  16  64

I1 I 1
i.e.  2 
800  j200 j800 88  j74

 j800 800  90

Hence, current, I = I 2   = 6.96  49.94 A
88  j74 114.98  40.06

800  j200 824.62  14.04

Current, I1   = 7.1726.02 A
88  j74 114.98  40.06

The active power output of the voltage source = V I cos ϕ = (100)(7.17) cos 26.02º = 644 W

3. Use mesh-current analysis to determine currents I1 , I 2 and I3 for the network shown below.

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4. For the network shown below, determine the current flowing in the (4 + j3)Ω impedance.

Mesh currents I1 , I2 and I3 are shown in the diagram below.

For loop 1, (15  j3)I1  (15)I3  200 (1)

For loop 2, (10  j2)I2  (10)I3  200 (2)

For loop 3, (4  j3  10  15)I3  (15)I1  (10)I2  0 (3)

Rewriting equations (1) to (3) gives:

(15  j3)I1  0  (15)I3  20  0 (1´)

0  (10  j2)I2  (10)I3  20  0 (2´)

(15)I1  (10)I 2  (29  j3)I3  0  0 (3´)

Using determinants:

I1 I 2 I3 1
  
0 15 20 (15  j3) 15 20 (15  j3) 0 20 (15  j3) 0 15
(10  j2) 10 20 0 10 20 0 (10  j2) 20 0 (10  j2) 10
10 (29  j3) 0 15 (29  j3) 0 15 10 0 15 10 (29  j3)

I3 1
i.e. 
(15  j3)(200)  20(15)(10  j2) (15  j3)[(10  j2)(29  j3)  100]  15(15)(10  j2)

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 I3 1
i.e. 
(3000  j600)  (3000  j600) (15  j3)[(284  j88)  100]  (2250  j450)

I3 1
i.e. 
0 (15  j3)[(184  j88)]  (2250  j450)

Hence, current in (4 + j3)Ω impedance, I 3 = 0

5. For the network shown below, use mesh-current analysis to determine (a) the current in the

capacitor, I C , (b) the current in the inductance, I L , (c) the p.d. across the 4  resistance, and

(d) the total active circuit power.

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6. Determine the value of the currents I R , IY and I B in the network shown by using mesh-current

analysis.

Mesh currents I1 and I2 are shown in the diagram below.

For loop 1, (12  j5  13)I1  (13)I2  200120 (1)

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For loop 2, (13  12  j5)I 2  (13)I1  2000 (2)

Rewriting equations (1) and (2) gives:

(25  j5)I1  (13)I 2  200120  0 (1´)

(13)I1  (25  j5)I2  2000  0 (2´)

Using determinants:

I1 I2 1
 
13 200120 (25  j5) 200120 (25  j5) 13
(25  j5) 200 13 200 13 (25  j5)

I1 I2 1
i.e.  
2600  (25  j5)(200120) 200(25  j5)  2600120 (25  j5)(25  j5)  169

I1 I2 1
i.e.  
3905.98101.31 4925.78  138.69 498.2630.12

using a Casio fx-991ES calculator

3905.98101.31
Hence, current, I1  = 7.8471.19 A
498.2630.12

4925.78  138.69 4925.7841.31

current, I 2  = = 9.8911.19 A
498.2630.12 498.2630.12

Thus, I R  I1  7.84 71.19 A

I Y = I 2  I1 = 9.8911.19 - 7.8471.19 = 9.04  37.49 A

and I B = I 2 = - 9.8911.19 = 9.89  168.81 A

7. In the network shown below, use mesh-current analysis to determine (a) the current in the

capacitor, (b) the current in the 5  resistance, (c) the active power output of the 150 V

source, and (d) the magnitude of the p.d. across the j2  inductance.

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The loop currents are shown in Fig. 30.

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8. A balanced 3-phase delta-connected load is shown below. Use mesh-current analysis to

determine the values of mesh currents I1 , I2 and I3 shown and hence find the line currents I R ,

IY and I B

415120 415120
Current, I1 =  = 83173.13 A
(3  j4) 5  53.13

4150 4150
I2 =  = 8353.13 A
(3  j4) 5  53.13

415240 415240
I3 =  = 83293.13 A or 83  66.87 A
(3  j4) 5  53.13

Hence, I R = I1  I3 = 83173.13 - 83  66.87 = 143.8143.13 A

I Y = I 2  I1 = 8353.13 - 83173.13 = 143.823.13 A

I B = I3  I 2 = 83  66.87 - 8353.13 = 143.8  96.87 A

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9. Use mesh-current analysis to determine the value of currents IA to I E in the circuit shown

below.

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Exercise 137, Page 517

Solutions to questions 2 and 8 of Practice Exercise 135 are shown below. It is left as an

exercise for readers to attempt questions 1, 5 and 10 of the Exercise using mesh-current

analysis

1. Q. 2 Ex 135 Determine the value of currents IA , I B and I C for the network shown below,
using nodal analysis.

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1. Q. 8 Ex 135 Determine the value of currents IA , I B and I C shown in the network below, using

nodal analysis.

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Solutions to questions 2 and 5 of Practice Exercise 136 are shown below. It is left as an

exercise for readers to attempt questions 3 and 9 of the Exercise using mesh-current analysis

2. Q.2 Ex 136 For the network shown below, use nodal analysis to determine the value of current I

and the active power output of the voltage source.

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2. Q. 5 Ex 136 For the network shown below, use mesh-current analysis to determine (a) the

current in the capacitor, I C , (b) the current in the inductance, I L , (c) the p.d. across the 4 

resistance, and (d) the total active circuit power.

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3. Determine for the network shown below the voltage at node 1 and the voltage VAB

B is taken as the reference node. Applying Kirchhoff’s current law to node 1 gives:

IX  IY  I

V1 V
i.e.  1  100
(6  j5) 20
 1 1 
Thus V1     10
 6  j5 20 

 6  j5 
i.e. V1  2 2  0.05   10
6 5 

i.e. V1  0.09836  j0.08197  0.05   10

i.e. V1  0.14836  j0.08197   10

10 10
from which, voltage, V1 =  = 59.0  28.92 V
(0.14836  j0.08197) 0.169528.92

V1
Current through the (6 – j5)Ω branch, I X 
(6  j5)

V1 (59.0  28.92)(6)
Hence, VAB = (IX )(6)  (6)  = 45.310.89 V
(6  j5) 7.81  39.81

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4. Determine the voltage VPQ in the network shown below.

VP  500 VP  5090
From the above circuit,  0
(15  j6) (10  j8)

 1 1  50 j50
i.e. VP    
 15  j6 10  j8  15  j6 10  j8

 15  j6 10  j8  50(15  j6) j50(10  j8)

and VP  2  2 2 
 15  6 10  8  152  62 10 2  82
2

i.e.  0.1184  j0.0258 VP   2.874  j1.149    j3.049  2.439 

i.e.  0.1212  12.29  VP   5.313  j4.198

= 6.77138.31

6.77138.31
Hence, voltage, VPQ = = 55.8750.60 V
0.1212  12.29

5. Use nodal analysis to determine the currents IA , I B and I C shown in the network below.

Nodes 1 and 2 are marked on the above circuit diagram. Node 2 is taken as the reference node.

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For node 1, I A  I B  IC  0

V1  100 V1 V1  1090
i.e.   0
5 10 8

1 1 1 100 1090
i.e.     V1   0
 5 10 8  5 8

i.e.  0.425 V1  2  j1.25

2  j1.25 2.358532.01
from which, V1   = 5.5532.01 V or (4.706 +j2.941) V
0.425 0.425

V1  100 4.706  j2.941  10 5.294  j2.941 6.056150.95

Current, I A =   
5 5 5 5

= 1.21150.95 A

V1  1090 4.706  j2.941  j10 4.706  j7.059 8.4839  56.31

Current, I B =   
8 8 8 8

= 1.06  56.31 A

V1 5.5532.01
Current, IC =  = 0.5632.01 A
10 10

6. For the network shown below determine (a) the voltages at nodes 1 and 2, (b) the current in the

40  resistance, (c) the current in the 20  resistance, and (d) the magnitude of the active power

dissipated in the 10  resistance.

(a) At node 1:

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© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 528
 V2  10090 58.7272.28  j100 17.872  j55.934  j100
(d) Current in 10  resistance =  
10 10 10

17.872  j44.066 47.552  67.92

=   4.755  67.92
10 10

Hence, the active power dissipated in the 10  resistance, =  4.755  10  = 226 W
2

7. Determine the voltage VAB in the network shown below, using nodal analysis.

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