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Chapter 2

The document discusses key concepts relating to Earth's geography: 1) It defines a globe as a miniature model of Earth, with an axis running through the North and South Poles that is tilted 23.5 degrees from the orbital plane. 2) It describes the equator as an imaginary line dividing Earth into northern and southern hemispheres. 3) It outlines different latitude zones - Torrid, Temperate, and Frigid - which experience varying temperatures based on their proximity to the equator.

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Vasundhara Saxena
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39 views

Chapter 2

The document discusses key concepts relating to Earth's geography: 1) It defines a globe as a miniature model of Earth, with an axis running through the North and South Poles that is tilted 23.5 degrees from the orbital plane. 2) It describes the equator as an imaginary line dividing Earth into northern and southern hemispheres. 3) It outlines different latitude zones - Torrid, Temperate, and Frigid - which experience varying temperatures based on their proximity to the equator.

Uploaded by

Vasundhara Saxena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Q. What is Globe?

✓ Globe is a miniature model of the earth.

Q. What is the Axis of the Earth?

✓ It is an imaginary line passing through the North


Pole to the South Pole. Earth’s Axis is tilted 23.5º to
the orbital plane.

Q. What is the Equator?

✓ It is an imaginary line which divides the earth into


two equal parts.

Some Important Latitudes


• Tropic of Cancer: (23½° N) in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Tropic of Capricorn: (23½° S) in the Southern Hemisphere.
• Arctic Circle: at 66½° north of the equator.
• Antarctic Circle: at 66½° south of the equator.

What is Torrid Zone?

• The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year


on all latitudes
• Where? in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of
Capricorn.
• So this area receives the maximum heat and called Torrid
Zone.

What is the Temperate Zone?

• The area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic


Circle in the Northern Hemisphere plus
• The area bounded by the Tropic of Capricorn and the
Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere
• Moderate temperature, therefore, called Temperate
Zones.

What is Frigid Zone?

Areas lying between the Arctic Circle and the Northern


Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the
Southern Hemisphere are very cold.

Important Imaginary Lines


• Meridian: Lines connecting the North Pole to the South Pole.
• Parallels: Circles parallel to the equator.
• Latitude and Longitudes: Coordinate system used to locate the point on
the earth.

What is Prime Meridian?

All latitudes are of different sizes but this is not the case with
longitudes, all meridians are of equal length.
The question arose where should we have a reference line.
Finally, they decided to choose the meridian which passed
through Greenwich the British Royal Observatory.

Note: By measuring the angle of the Pole Star from your place,
you can know the latitude of your place.

Relation Between Longitude and Time

The Earth moves counter-clockwise seen from North Star i.e.


West to East. The earth rotates 360° in about 24 hours, which
means 15° in an hour or 1° in four minutes.

What is Local Time?

Local time is the time where you are, or where the event is, or
where the person is who is being talked about. All places on a
given meridian have the same local time. It is different than
the standard time.

What is Standard Time?

To avoid confusions uniform time throughout the country or a


region. In India, the longitude of 82½° E (82° 30 ‘ E) is
treated as the standard meridian.

The local time at this meridian is taken as the standard time


for the whole country. It is known as the Indian Standard
Time.
What Are Time Zones?

Large countries with vast longitudinal extent do not have a


single standard time for the whole country. Generally, search
countries go for more than one time zone each approximately
15° of longitude apart.

• Russia uses 11 time zones


• Canada uses 6.
• The USA is spread across 6 Time Zones (inc. Hawaii Time
Zone).
• China extends across 4 Times Zones

What is the International Date Line

• Imaginary line agreed internationally which follows the


meridian of 180 degrees a traveller crossing the IDL from
west to east, gains a day and while crossing from east to
west, loses a day.

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