Computer System,

Devices and
Peripherals
What is an Operating System
(OS)?
Operating system (OS)
• is the most important program that runs on
a computer.
• perform basic tasks, such as
recognizing input from the keyboard,
sending output to the display screen,
keeping track of files and directories on
the disk, and controlling peripheral
devices such as disk drives and printers.
Operating system
• it makes sure that different program and
users running at the same time do not
interfere with each other.
• is also responsible for security, ensuring that
unauthorized users do not access the
system.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
OPERATING SYSTEM
•Multi-user
•Multiprocessing
•Multitasking
•Multithreading
•Real time
Multi-user
• Allows two or more users to run programs at the
same time. Some operating systems permit
hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users.
• Example:
• Linux
Unix
Windows 2000
Multiprocessing
• Supports running a program on more than one
CPU.
• Example
• Linux
Unix
Windows 2000
Multitasking
•Allows more than one program to run
concurrently.
• Example
• Unix
Windows 2000 and Windows multi point
Multithreading
•Allows different parts of a single
program to run concurrently.
•Example:
•Linux
•Unix
•Windows 2000 and Windows 7
Real time
• Responds to input instantly. General-
purpose operating systems, such
as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.
Devices:
• System Unit • Adapters
• Motherboard / • Power Supply
Mainboard / Unit (PSU)
System Board • Hard Disk Drive
• CPU (Central (HDD)
Processing Unit) • Optical Drive
• Primary storage • Digital Versatile
• Expansion Bus Disc (DVD)
System Unit
• The main part of a microcomputer,
sometimes called the chassis.
• It includes the following parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses,
Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.
Motherboard / Mainboard /
System Board
• The main circuit board of a computer. It
contains all the circuits and components that
run the computer.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• The processor is the main “brain” or “heart”
of a computer system.
• It performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed and manages
the flow of information through a computer.
Primary storage
• (internal storage, main memory or memory)
is the computer's working storage space that
holds data, instructions for processing and
processed data (information) waiting to be
sent to secondary storage.
• Physically, primary storage is a collection of
RAM chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory
•ROM –
• (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-
volatile,
•RAM –
• (Random Access Memory) RAM is
volatile
Expansion Bus
• A bus is a data pathway between several
hardware components inside or outside a
computer.
• It does not only connect the parts of the
CPU to each other, but also links the CPU
with other important hardware.
Adapters
• Printed-circuit boards (also called interface
cards) that enable the computer to use a
peripheral device for which it does not have
the necessary connections or circuit boards.
• They are often used to permit upgrading to a
new different hardware.
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
• Installed in the back corner of the PC case,
next to the motherboard.
• It converts 120vac (standard house power)
into DC voltages that are used by other
components in the PC.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage
device that is installed inside the computer.
• The hard drive is used as permanent storage for
data.
• In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and contains the
operating system and applications.
Optical Drive
• An optical drive is a storage device that uses
lasers to read data on the optical media.
• There are three types of optical drives:
Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc
(DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
• Designed to optically access data stored on
a DVD.
• A laser moves back and forth near the disk
surface and accesses data at a very fast
rate.
What are the input/output devices
of a Computer?
• Input Devices
• is composed of a device that accepts data
and instructions from the user or from
another computer system.
 Output Devices
 is any piece of computer hardware that
displays results after the computer has
processed the input data that has been
entered.
Two (2) Types of Input Devices:

1. Keyboard Entry
- Data is inputted to the computer through a
keyboard.
* Keyboard –
The first input device developed for the
PC. Data is transferred to the PC over a short
cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din connector that
plugs into the back of the motherboard.
2. Direct Entry
- A form of input that does not require
data to be keyed by someone sitting at a
keyboard.
- Direct-entry devices create machine-
readable data on paper, or magnetic media,
or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.
Three (3) Categories of Direct
Entry Devices
1. Pointing Devices
- An input device used to move the
pointer (cursor) on screen.

a. Mouse –
The most common 'pointing device'
used in PCs. Every mouse has two buttons
and most have one or two scroll wheels.
b. Touch screen-
A display screen that is sensitive to the
touch of a finger or stylus. Used in myriad
applications, including ATM machines, retail
point-of-sale terminals, car navigation and
industrial controls.
The touch screen became wildly popular
for smart phones and tablets.
c. Light Pen –
A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal
used to draw pictures or select menu options.
The user brings the pen to the desired point on
screen and presses the pen button to make contact.
d. Digitizer Tablet –
A graphics drawing
tablet used for sketching
new images or tracing old
ones.
Also called a "graphics
tablet," the user contacts
the surface of the device
with a wired or wireless pen
or puck.
Often mistakenly called
a mouse, the puck is
officially the "tablet cursor."
Three (3) Categories of Direct
Entry Devices
2. Scanning Devices
A device that can read
text or illustrations printed on
paper and translates the
information into a form the
computer can use.
Three (3) Categories of Direct
Entry Devices
3. Voice- Input Devices –
Audio input devices also
known as speech or voice
recognition systems that allow a
user to send audio signals to a
computer for processing,
recording, or carrying out
commands.
Audio input devices such as
microphones allow users to speak
to the computer in order to record
a voice message or navigate
software.
Output Devices
1. Computer Display Monitor-
It displays information in visual
form, using text and graphics.
The portion of the monitor that
displays the information is called the
screen or video display terminal.
Types of Monitor

a. CRT Monitors –
Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were
the only type of displays for use with
desktop PCs.
They are relatively big (14" to 16"
deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).
b. CRT Monitors –
Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of displays for
use with desktop PCs.
They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy (over 15
lbs).
c. LCD Monitors –
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been used in
laptops for some time.
It has recently been made commercially available as monitors
for desktop PCs.
d. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) –
A display and lighting technology used in almost every
electrical and electronic product on the market, from a tiny on/off light
to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter lighting.
2. LCD Projectors-
utilize two sheets of
polarizing material with a
liquid crystal solution
between them.
An electric current
passed through the liquid
causes the crystals to
align so that light cannot
pass through them.
Each crystal,
therefore, is like a shutter,
either allowing light to
pass through or blocking
the light.
3. Smart Board –
A type of display
screen that has a touch
sensitive transparent
panel covering the
screen, which is similar
to a touch screen.
 4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

Types of printer
a. Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - spays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-
jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics.
b. Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines.
Laser printers produce very high quality text and graphics.
c. LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid
crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to produce an image on
the drum.
d.Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an
entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce low-quality
print.
e. Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by pushing
heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are widely used
in calculators and fax machines.
5. Speakers –
Used to play sound.
They may be built into the system
unit or connected with cables.
Speakers allow you to listen to music
and hear sound effects from your
computer.
What is a Storage Device?
• is any apparatus for recording computer data in
a permanent or semi-permanent form.
Types of storage devices
• Floppy diskette-
is a random access, removable data storage
medium that can be used with personal computers.
The term usually refers to the magnetic medium
housed in a rigid plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches
square and about 2millimeters thick. Also called a "3.5-
inch diskette," it can store up to 1.44 megabytes (MB)
of data.
• Compact disc (CD) –
also called optical disc is a nonmagnetic, polished metal disk
used to store digital information. The disc is read by the CD- ROM.
Types of storage devices
• Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)-
an optical disc technology with a 4.7 gigabyte
storage capacity on a single-sided, one-layered
disk, which is enough for a 133-minute movie.
• Jump disk and USB flash disk-
is a plug-and-play portable storage
device that uses flash memory and is
lightweight enough to attach to a key
chain. A USB drive can be used in place
of a floppy disk, Zip drive disk, or CD.
Types of storage devices
• Hard disk-
is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in
a computer. The operating system, software titles and most
other files are stored in the hard disk drive.
• LS-120-
is a drive which supports a special floppy diskette
which can store up to 120MB of information as well as being
backwards compatible and still supporting the standard
1.44MB floppy diskettes.
• Zip disk-
is a small, portable disk drive used primarily for backing
up and archiving personal computer files.
Project by group:
1. toolbox
2. screwdrivers
3. long nose pliers
4. mechanical pliers
5. allen wrench