Newton’s Laws of Motion

LECTURE 2
 Namo Kaul Yrs teaching experience

Certified by the Indian Association

Teacher & Mentor to
BEST Teaching & Pedagogy 50,000+ Students of Physics Teachers for securing
National TCON’ 18 highest aggregate percentage
 Telegram
APP

tinyurl.com/jeelivechat
Tests
Quizzes
Doubt Sessions
More Personalized
PLUS Courses
Step 1 Step 2

INSTALL
Step 3 Step 4
Step 5 Step 6

JEELIVE
Newton’s Laws of Motion
LECTURE 2
 Free Body Diagram
F.B.D

It is pictorial representation of all the forces acting on a body.

 STEPS to draw F.B.D.
1) Identify the body (or system) which is to be analyzed
2) Choose the co-ordinate axis as per convenience
3) Represent all the forces ACTING on the body by vectors

NOTE: Forces exerted by the body should not be drawn Include only
those forces which are acting on the body and not those forces which
the body itself is exerting
Draw F.B.D. of block of mass ‘m’

m
Now focus on which forces have we included. And the Action Reaction Pairs

m
 Now focus on which forces have we included.

This force is acting ON lock

m
Action force hence we include it
from IIIrd law

mg
This force is
applied by block
hence we DON’T Reaction force
INCLUDE it mg
Similarly

Action force
N

Reaction force
From IIIrd law
Finally N and mg are NOT action reaction forces
Reason : N and mg are of DIFFERENT nature

mg
Now let’s draw the FBD of each block

m1

m2
Imagine blocks M1 and M2 kept on ground as

FBD of M1 FBD of M2
Normal Contact force
N1 Normal Contact force on N2 on m2 due to ground
m1 due to m2
m1 m2
m1g Gravitational force N1 m g
Gravitational force on m2
2
on m1

NOTE:- Normal Contact force on M2due to M1

Do not draw M1g directly
Concept of Weighing Machine
Concept of Weighing Machine

m
Weighing Machine
Weighing Machine

m
Concept of Weighing Machine

m
Weighing Machine
Weighing Machine

N
N

N – mg = m (0)
m
⇒ N = mg

mg
N

m
Weighing Machine

mg
N

N
Reading of weighing machine= kg.
g

m N = mg
= kg
gg As calculated
.
earlier
= m kg.
 N
+

m
– Weighing Machine

mg

N
Reading of weighing machine - Summary

N – mg = m
➔ Normal force (N) will be vertically upward
m (0) ➔ Apply all the forces on block of mass m
⇒ N = mg ➔ Weight mg will be vertically downward
➔ Acceleration of block, a = 0
mg ➔ Take upward direction as +ve and downward
direction as –ve.
➔ So, N will be +ve and mg will be -ve
 Concept of Weighing Machine N

m m
Weighing Machine
Weighing Machine

mg
N

Weighing machine is sensitive for NORMAL FORCE it applies on body.

N kg
Reading of weighing machine (in kg) = g
.

Where,
N = Normal force applied by weighing machine on body (in Newton)
g = acceleration due to gravity (in m/s2)
Example A block of mass m is kept on weighing machine, which is placed
in lift, accelerating up with acceleration ‘a’. Find reading of
weighing machine.

A. (mg - ma)/g
B. (mg + ma)/g
C. m a

D. None of these
m
Weighing Machine
 Example A block of mass m is kept on weighing machine, which is placed
in lift, accelerating up with acceleration ‘a’. Find reading of
weighing machine.
Normal force (N) will be
Solution:
N vertically upward
N

Applying Newton’s 2nd law

a on block.

m ⇒ N – mg = ma
m
Weighing Machine
+ a ⇒ N = mg + ma

mg
– mg

Ground
observer
 Example A block of mass m is kept on weighing machine, which is placed
in lift, accelerating up with acceleration ‘a’. Find reading of
weighing machine.
Solution: N
∴ Reading = g kg.

=
mg + ma
kg.
g

⇒ N = mg + ma

1) Apply all the forces on block of mass m

2) Consider an observer on ground (INERTIAL FRAME) For observer,
Acceleration of block = a
3) Take upward direction as +ve and downward as –ve. So N will be
+ve and mg will be –ve
 Two blocks of mass 2kg and 4kg are kept on a surface as
Example shown. Find the normal contact force
I. between the blocks
II. between 4kg and surface.
2 kg
A. 20 N, 60 N
4 kg
B. 60 N, 20 N
C. 40 N, 60 N
D. None of these
 Two blocks of mass 2kg and 4kg are kept on a surface as
Example shown. Find the normal contact force
I. between the blocks
II. between 4kg and surface.
Solution: N1
Applying IInd law 2 kg
+
Fnet = Ma 4 kg
2 kg
N1 – 20 = M (0)
20 N N1 = 20 N

Let us start with FBD of the blocks

 Two blocks of mass 2kg and 4kg are kept on a surface as
Example shown. Find the normal contact force
I. between the blocks
II. between 4kg and surface.
Solution: 2 kg

N Applying IInd law 4 kg

2
Fnet = Ma
4 kg
N2 – N1 – 40 = M (0)
N1 40 N
N2 = N1 + 40
N2 = 20 + 40
N2 = 60 N

From FBD of 2kg we Calculated

N1 = 20N
N2 Normal contact force between 4kg and ground
N1 Normal contact force 2kg and 4 k between g
Example If force F = 5 N, then find :
a) Acceleration of 2 blocks.
b) Contact force between m1 and m2.

A. 5/3m/s2 , 23/7 N 4 kg
F = 5N 3 kg m2
B. 5/4m/s2 , 24/7 N m1

C. 5/7m/s2 , 22/7 N
D. None of these
 4 kg
F = 5N 3 kg m2
m1
Solution: a

F m1 m2

➔We have seen, both block moved together.

➔Take both blocks as a system.
➔So, acceleration of both block will be same.
Acceleration of system = a (let)

Mass of system = m1 + m2 = 3 + 4 = 7kg

Force on system = F = 5N
= Force on system
∴ Acceleration of System
Mass of system
a = 5/7 m/s2
 Solution:
a

F m1 m2 N
N

+
–
Applying Newton’s 2nd law on block m2.
N = m2a
5
As, m2 = 4kg and a = m/s2
7

5 20
⇒ N = 4× ⇒ N = N
7 7

1. Let’s apply contact forces between two blocks

2. To find contact force, take m2 as the system
3. Apply Newton’s 2nd law on block m2 in horizontal direction
4. Contact force (N) on m2 will be in right direction and on m1 in left direction
Motion on Inclined Plane
Example A block of mass m is placed on an inclined plane of inclination θ
with the horizontal. If all the surfaces are smooth and the inclined
plane is fixed on ground. Find the acceleration of block and the
normal contact force between the block and wedge just after
the block is released.

A. g sinθ, mg cos θ
B. g cosθ, mg cos θ
C. g sinθ, mg sin θ
D. None of these θ
fixed
 Solution:
➔ As the wedge is fixed on ground.
➔ The block is constrained to move
only along the wedge Or we can say
the acceleration of block in the
direction perpendicular To wedge is
zero.
➔ Take along the inclined & downward
θ
direction as +ve and upward as –ve fixed
➔ Take perpendicular to inclined &
upward direction as +ve and
downward as –ve
➔ Now apply IInd law
 N
Solution:
Along the incline Perpendicular to incline
Fnet = Max Fnet = May
As ay = 0 θ
Mg sinθ = Ma
Fnet = 0
a = g sin θ N = mg cos θ mg cos θ
θ
fixed

Concept : Once the motion of particle is clear always choose co–ordinate axis
parallel and perpendicular to that direction.
String based Questions
Example Block of mass M is attached with ideal string (negligible mass). Find
tension at
(i) point A
(ii) point B (Point B is mid point of string).

A. Mg, 0 B

B. 0, Mg
A
C. Mg, Mg M
D. None of these
 Solution:
Tension at point A :
Tension at point A : T
Applying Newton’s 2nd law
F = Ma B
M
⇒ TA – Mg = M(0) = 0 +
A
(acceleration of block = 0) Mg M

So, TA = Mg –
 Solution: Tension at point B:
Let's consider block & string below point B as the body.
B TB
+
So, Tension will be same throughout the length of string. A
M
Tension TB on body will be along the string & away from body.
–
Mg
Applying Newton’s 2nd law

F = Ma

⇒ TB – Mg = M(0) = 0

(acceleration of block = 0)

So, TB = Mg

Concept: To find tension at any point to break the system at that point
Example Two blocks of mass 4kg and 6kg are attached in a vertical
plane with the help of ideal strings. Find the tension at points
I. A
II. B
A
A. 100N, 60N String 1
B. 60N, 100N 4kg
B
C. 80N, 60N
String 2
D. None of these
6kg
 Solution:
1. Let us draw FBD of the two blocks
2. Applying newton’s IInd law
T1 T2

– 60N
T2 40N

4kg 6kg

Fnet = Ma Fnet = Ma
As a = 0 As a = 0

Fnet = Fnet = 0
0
T1 – T2 – 40 = 0 ….(1) T2 – 60 = 0 ….(2)
 Solution: Now as the string 1 and 2 are ideal hence
the tension throughout the string will be
T1 – T2 – 40 = 0 ….(1) constant
T2 – 60 = 0 ….(2)
T2 = 60N A
Putting this value of T2 in equation (1) String 1
T1 – T2 – 40 = 0 4kg
B
T1 = 100N
String 2
Tensions at A = T1 = 100N
Tension at B = T2 = 60N 6kg
Example A block of mass M is suspended with the help of a massive
string of mass 2m as shown in the figure. Find the tension in the
string at point
i) B (lower end)
ii) A (midpoint)
A

B
M
 Solution:
T

Mg
As the acceleration of the block is zero,
these forces should add to zero. A
The force on it are
Take the block as the system.
(a) Pull of the string, T, upward, B
(b) Pull of the earth, Mg, downward, M
T - Mg = 0
T = Mg
 Solution:

To get the tension T at A we need the force exerted

by the upper part of the string on the lower part of
the string.
Take the string below A as the system.
The forces acting on this part are
(a) T′ upward by the upper part of the string
(b) mg downward by the earth
(c) T downward by the block.
We have already used the symbol T for the force by
the string on the block.
Applying Newton's First Law gives
T′ = T + mg =(M+m)g
Example Breaking Tension of string = 200N. Find the maximum acceleration
of boy without breaking the string. (mass of boy = 10 kg )

A. 10 m/s2
B. 5 m/s2
C. 2 m/s2
D. None of these
 Solution: Let acceleration of boy is a upward
Applying Newton’s 2nd law on boy

Maximum tension provided by string is also called breaking tension

For maximum acceleration, tension should be maximum

T

mg
 Solution:
Applying Newton’s 2nd law on boy
T – mg = ma
T– mg
⇒ a= m
T
⇒ a = 200 – 10(10) a
10
100
⇒ a = 200 – 100 =
10 10
a = 10m/s2 mg
Example Breaking tension of string is 90N. Find the maximum acceleration
of boy with which he can climb up without breaking the string.
(mass of boy = 10kg)

A. -1m/s2
B. -2m/s2
C. 1m/s2
D. boy can't climb up
 Solution:

Applying Newton’s 2nd law on boy

T – mg = ma
T– mg
⇒ a= m T
⇒ a = 90 – 10(10) a
10
-10
⇒ a = 90 – 100 = = –1
10 10
mg
As acceleration is –ve even at maximum
tension, boy cannot climb up.
Example Find acceleration of blocks, also find tension in string 1 & 2
2 1 5kg
3kg 4kg F = 120N
 Solution:
(i) For 4 kg block (A) T1
Fnet = Ma 4 kg

T1 – T2 – 40 = 4 a … (i) a A
T2
3 kg
(ii) For 3 kg block (B) +
T2 40 N a B
Fnet = Ma
T3 –
T2 – T3 – 30 = 3 a ... (ii) T3 30 N
3 kg
(iii) For 3 kg block (C) a C
Fnet = Ma
T3 – 30 = 3 a ... (iii) 30 N
 Example Find acceleration of blocks, also find tension in string 1 & 2

2 1
3kg 4kg 5kg F =120N

Solution: Mass of system = 12 kg As all three

Force on system = 120 N blocks are
connected with
∴ Acceleration of = Force on system
strings. So all
System Mass of system
three blocks will
120 = 10 m/s2 move with same
=
12 acceleration (a).
 Solution:
a = 10m/s2
(2) T2 (1) T1
3kg 4kg 5kg F = 120N

Applying Newton’s 2nd law on system

T1 = ma
⇒ T1 = 7 × 10 ⇒ T1 = 70N

Applying Newton’s 1. To find tension in string 1, blocks 3kg and 4 kg

2nd law on 3kg block will be considered as System. In horizontal
T2 = ma
direction, tension T1 is the force on the system
⇒ T2 = 3 × 10 ⇒ T2 = 30N
2. To find tension in string 2, block 3kg will be
considered as body. In horizontal direction,
tension T2 is the force on 3kg
Example Three blocks of mass 4 kg, 3 kg and 3 kg are attached to
ideal strings. If a force of 150 N is applied at point A in
vertically upward direction then find the acceleration of
each block and tension in the strings. 150 N

A. 150N, 90N, 45N A

String 1
B. 90N, 90N, 45N
4 kg
C. 90N, 150N, 45N
String 2
D. None of these
3 kg
String 3

3 kg
Solution:

T T T
1 4 kg 23 kg 3 3 kg
a A a B a C

T 40 N T 30 N 30 N
2 3

1. Let us start with FBD of each block.

2. Let us assume acceleration of block A to be ‘a’ in vertically upward direction.
3. Since the string is inextensible from constrained motion we can say that
each block will have the same acceleration.
 Solution:
T1 – T2 – 40 = 4 a

T2 – T3 – 30 = 3 a
… (i)
T3 – 30 = 3 a

T1 – 40 – 30 – 30 = 10 a

T1 = 100 + 10 a

∴ T1 = 150 N
... (ii) • Adding (i). (ii), and (iii)
• As the strings are ideal, hence tension is
Hence we get
through out same
150 = 100 + 10a

a = 5 m/s2 ... (iii)

 Solution:
T1 – T2 – 40 = 4a …(i)
a = 5 m/s2
T2 – T3 – 30 = 3a …(ii)
Putting this value of a in each equation
Eq. (1)
T2 = T1 – 40 – 4a
⇒ 150 – 40 – 20
T2 ⇒ 90 N

Eq. (2)

T3 = T2 – 30 – 3a
⇒ 90 – 30 – 15
T3 ⇒ 45 N
 11th Grade
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday

Subjects Timings
Physics 7 PM
Chemistry 8 PM
Mathematics 9 PM
 12th Grade
Friday
Saturday
Sunday

Subjects Timings
Physics 7 PM
Chemistry 8 PM
Mathematics 9 PM