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Basics of English Grammar 93

The document discusses the key parts of a sentence in English grammar: 1. The subject is usually a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that indicates what or who the sentence is about. Common types are single words, phrases, compound subjects, and clauses. 2. The predicate contains the verb and any complements and tells what is happening with the subject. It follows the subject and completes the meaning. 3. Objects receive the action of a verb and can be direct or indirect. Direct objects directly receive the action while indirect objects are beneficiaries or recipients. Transitive verbs require objects while intransitive verbs do not.

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Sampurnand Rawat
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259 views

Basics of English Grammar 93

The document discusses the key parts of a sentence in English grammar: 1. The subject is usually a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that indicates what or who the sentence is about. Common types are single words, phrases, compound subjects, and clauses. 2. The predicate contains the verb and any complements and tells what is happening with the subject. It follows the subject and completes the meaning. 3. Objects receive the action of a verb and can be direct or indirect. Direct objects directly receive the action while indirect objects are beneficiaries or recipients. Transitive verbs require objects while intransitive verbs do not.

Uploaded by

Sampurnand Rawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In English grammar, a sentence is divided into two parts


1. Subject
2. Predicate

E.g. A handsome boy was sitting under a green tree.

In this sentence subject is “A handsome boy”


In this sentence predicate is “ was sitting under a green tree”

Subject:
Subject is one of the two main parts of a sentence. The subject is sometimes called
the naming part of a sentence or clause. The subject usually appears before the predicate
to show
✓ what the sentence is about.
✓ who or what performs the action. As shown below, the subject is commonly
a noun, pronoun, noun phrase, infinitive, gerund, and noun clause.
Types of Subjects

A subject may be one word or several words.

The subject may be just a single word:


A noun or a pronoun.

E.g. Roshan sang a melodious song.

In this first example, the proper noun “Roshan” is the subject of the sentence:

E.g. He sang a melodious song.

In the next example, the personal pronoun he is the subject:

The subject may be a noun phrase — that is, a word group made up of a head noun and
any modifiers, determiners (such as the, a, her), and/or complements.

E.g. The last person in line spoke to the television reporter.

In this example, the subject is “The last person in line”

Two (or more) nouns, pronouns, or noun phrases may be linked by and to make
a compound subject.

E.g. Lynda and her sister will sing at the recital this evening.

In this example, the compound subject is “Lynda and her sister”

E.g. To err is human and to forgive is divine.


In the given sentence “to err” and “to forgive” are the subjects

Smoking is injurious to health


In the given sentence “smoking” is the subject.

E.g. What he said is true.


In the given sentence “what he said” is the subject of the sentence. It is a noun clause.

Predicate:
✓ In English grammar, a predicate is one of the two main parts of a sentence or
clause. (The other main part is the subject.)

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✓ It is usually defined as a word group that comes after the subject to complete the
meaning of the sentence or clause.
✓ The predicate is the portion of the sentence that contains the verb (or verb phrase);
in very short, simple sentences.
✓ it might be only a verb.
✓ The predicate tells what happened to the subject or what state it's in. Key

Takeaways: Predicates
✓ A clause has a subject and a predicate.
✓ A simple predicate is a verb.
✓ A complete predicate is everything that's not the subject.

Object:
✓ An object is either a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun that is affected by the
action of a verb.
✓ Objects give our language detail and texture by allowing the creation of complex
sentences.

Types of Objects

Direct Objects
1. Direct Object
2. Indirect Object

Direct objects:
Identify what or who receives the action of a transitive verb in a clause or sentence. When
pronouns function as direct objects, they customarily take the form of the objective case
(me, us, you, him, her, it, them, whom, and whomever).

Indirect Objects
Nouns and pronouns also function as indirect objects. These objects are the beneficiaries
or recipients of the action in a sentence. Indirect objects answer the questions "to/for
whom" and "to/for what."
Transitive verbs
It also requires an object to make sense.

There are three kinds of transitive verbs.


1. Monotransitive. With one object.
2. Ditransitive: With two objects.
3. Complex-transitive: I thought the car was fun to drive.

Intransitive verbs:
On the other hand, intransitive verbs do not need an object in order to complete their
meaning.

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