ENGLISH COMPUTER 1

ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR COMPUTER

TEACHER’S NAME : IMELDA YOSE, M.Pd

Arrange By:

M.NAUVAL ADITYA (1020170071)

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KOMPUTER

DINAMIKA BANGSA JAMBI 2017
No. Vocabulary Definition References Images

1 Access A list associated with a file Microsoft

Control List or a resource that contains Computer
information about which Dictionary
users or groups have Fifth Edition
permission to access a
resource or modify the file.
Acronym: ACL.

2 ACPI a set of standard Dictionary

(Advanced hardware/software of Computer
Configurati interactions that give the and Internet
on and operating system the ability Terms Tenth
Power to direct power Edition
Interface) management of hardware
devices. For example, a
computer with ACPI can
turn itself off under
software control as the last
step in shutting down the
operating system.
3 Active a type of liquid crystal Dictionary
Matrix display (LCD) that of Computer
produces higher contrast and Internet
than earlier passive-matrix Terms Tenth
displays by incorporating Edition
transistors into the LCD
matrix.

4 Actual the value actually passed to Dictionary

Parameter a function or procedure in a of Computer
programming language. For and Internet
example, if you compute Terms Tenth
ABS(X) and the value of X Edition
is –2.5, then –2.5 is the
actual parameter of ABS.
5 Add-on 1. A hardware device, such Microsoft
as an expansion board or Computer
chip, that can be added to a Dictionary
computer to expand its Fifth Edition
capabilities. Also called:
add-in. 2. A supplemental
program that can extend the
capabilities of an
application program.

6 Absolute A means of specifying a Microsoft

Addres precise memory location in Computer
a program by using its Dictionary
address (number) rather Fifth Edition
than an expression to
calculate the address.
Also called: direct address,
machine address, real
address.
7 Absolute Program code that uses Microsoft
Coding absolute addressing rather Computer
than indirect addressing. Dictionary
See also absolute address, Fifth Edition
relative address.
8 Absolute A hyperlink to the exact Microsoft
Link location of a file on a file Computer
server, the World Wide Dictionary
Web, or a company Fifth Edition
intranet. Absolute links use
an exact path; if you move
the file containing the
hyperlink or a hyperlink
destination, the link breaks.
9 Absolute path to a file that begins Microsoft
Path with the drive identifier and Computer
root directory or with a Dictionary
network share and ends Fifth Edition
with the complete file name
(for example,
C:\docs\work\contract.txt or
\\netshare\docs\work\contra
ct.txt).
10 Absolute The full Internet address of Microsoft
URL a page or other World Wide Computer
Web resource. The absolute Dictionary
URL includes a protocol, Fifth Edition
such as “http,” network
location, and optional path
and file name—for
example,
http://example.microsoft.co
m/.
11 Access Arm A mechanical arm that Microsoft
moves the read/write Computer
head(s) over the surface of a Dictionary
disk in a disk drive. See the Fifth Edition
illustration. Also called:
head arm.

12 Address An electronic device that Microsoft

Decoder converts a numeric address Computer
to the electrical signals Dictionary
needed to select a specific Fifth Edition
memory location on one or
more RAM chips.

13 Address A table used by routers or Microsoft

Mapping DNS (Domain Name Computer
Table System) servers to obtain Dictionary
the corresponding IP Fifth Edition
(Internet Protocol) address
of a text name of a
computer resource, such as
the name of a host computer
on the Internet. Acronym:
AMT.See also DNS server,
IP address, router.
14 Advanced A dedicated line service Microsoft
Digital capable of transmitting Computer
Network data, video, and other Dictionary
digital signals with Fifth Edition
exceptional reliability,
offered as a premier service
by communications
companies. Usually
Advanced Digital Network
refers to speeds at or above
56 kilobits per second
(Kbps).
15 Ad-hoc A temporary network Microsoft
Network formed by communicating Computer
stations or computers in a Dictionary
wireless LAN. Fifth Edition

16 Adware software whose main Dictionary

purpose is to display Computer
advertisements on the user’s and Internet
computer. Sometimes Terms Tenth
adware refers to legitimate Edition
software sent out as
samples or sales
presentations, but more
often, the term denotes
software installed without
the user’s full knowledge
and consent. Adware of the
latter type can make
advertisements pop up on
the screen even when the
web browser is blocking
pop-up ads.
17 AES A cryptographic algorithm Microsoft
(Advanced specified by the National Computer
Encryption Institute of Standards and Dictionary
Standard) Technology (NIST) to Fifth Edition
protect sensitive
information. AES is
specified in three key sizes:
128, 192, and 256 bits. AES
replaces the 56-bit key Data
Encryption Standard (DES),
which was adopted in 1976.
18 AFS A distributed file system Microsoft
(Andrew that allows clients and Computer
File servers to share resources Dictionary
System) through local-area and Fifth Edition
wide-area networks. AFS
is based on a distributed file
system developed at
Carnegie-Mellon
University, and is named
for the university’s
founders—Andrew
Carnegie and Andrew
Mellon. AFS is now
maintained and supplied by
 Transarc Corporation.
19 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Dictionary
(Accelerate Port) a fast bus connection of Computer
d Graphic that allows the graphics and Internet
Port) adapter to communicate Terms Tenth
with the CPU at a higher Edition
speed than the conventional
ISA, EISA, or PCI bus.
AGP was introduced with
Intel’s Pentium II
processor.
20 AH A form of IP packet Microsoft
(Authenticat authentication included in Computer
ion Header) the IPSec security standard. Dictionary
AH attaches a header to the Fifth Edition
packet with authentication
information but does not
encrypt the packet data,
which allows its use in
cases where encryption is
not allowed.
21 AIX Acronym for Advanced Microsoft
(Advanced Interactive Executive. A Computer
Interactive version of the UNIX Dictionary
Executive) operating system developed Fifth Edition
and maintained by IBM for
its UNIX workstations and
PCs.

22 ALU A component of a Microsoft

(Arithmetic microprocessor Computer
Logical chip used for arithmetic, Dictionary
Unit) comparative, and logical Fifth Edition
functions. Acronym: ALU.
23 Assembly A low-level computer Oxford
Language language that uses Basic
mnemonics rather than only English for
numbers, making it easier Computing
than machine code for
humans to read and write
storage device in the form
of a disk that is read using
laser light

24 Background the continued execution of a Dictionary

Execution program while it is not of Computer
visible on the screen (or and Internet
does not occupy much of Terms Tenth
the screen) and the user is Edition
free to run other programs
at the same time.
Background execution
is possible only in
multitasking operating
systems.
25 Backward backward compatible able Dictionary
Compatible to substitute for an older of Computer
computer or operating and Internet
system. For example, Terms Tenth
Windows Vista is mostly Edition
backward compatible
with DOS; that is, it can run
most DOS software.
26 Bandwidth bandwidth the rate at which Dictionary
a communication system of Computer
can transmit data; more and Internet
technically, the range of Terms Tenth
frequencies that an Edition
electronic system can
transmit. High bandwidth
allows fast transmission or
the transmission of many
signals at once. On a
monitor screen, high
bandwidth provides a sharp
image. On a computer
network, the bandwidth of a
connection is limited by the
slowest link in the chain
connecting two computers.
27 Basic Code that controls basic Dictionary
Input/Outpu hardware operations, such of IBM and
t System as interactions with diskette Computing
(BIOS) drive, hard disk drives, and Terminolog
the keyboard. y

28 Batch An accumulation of data to Dictionary

be processed. A group of of IBM and
record or data processing Computing
jobs brought together for Terminolog
processing or transmission. y
Pertaining to activity
involving little or no user
action.

29 Bitmap map of dots, or bits, that Pocket

look like a picture as long Glossary of
as you are sitting a Computer
reasonable distance from Terms From
the screen. A to Z

30 Bookmark Bookmark is a web address Oxford

stored in a browser program Basic
to allow a webpage to be English for
found easily / to store a web Computing
address in a browser
program to allow a
webpage to be found easily

31 Byte A unit of capacity. A byte is Oxford

made up of eight bits and Basic
stores one character, i.e. a English for
letter, a number, a space or Computing
a punctuation mark.
32 Checkbox A dialog box component in Oxford
the form of a small square Basic
box used to indicate one of English for
two alternative states. E.g. Computing
true or false. When the user
click the box with the
mouse, a cross appears in
the box. Clicking again
clears the box.
33 Coaxial A round, flexible, two- Microsoft
Cable conductor cable consisting Computer
of—from the center Dictionary
outwards—a copper wire, a Fifth Edition
layer of protective
insulation, a braided metal
mesh sleeve, and an outer
shield, or jacket of PVC or
fire-resistant material. The
shield prevents signals
transmitted on
the center wire from
affecting nearby
components and prevents
external interference from
affecting the signal carried
on the center wire. Coaxial
cable is widely used in
networks. It is the same
type of wiring as that used
for cable television.
34 Computer Acronym for computer- Microsoft
Aided aided design/computer- Computer
Design aided manufacturing. The Dictionary
use of computers in both Fifth Edition
the design and manufacture
of a product. With CAD/
CAM, a product, such as a
machine part, is designed
with a CAD program and
the finished design is
translated into a set of
instructions that can be
transmitted to and used by
the machines dedicated to
fabrication, assembly, and
process control.
35 Control A device or circuit that Microsoft
Unit performs an arbitrating Computer
or regulating function. For Dictionary
example, a memory Fifth Edition
controller chip controls
access to a computer’s
memory and is the control
unit for that memory.

36 CPU CPU (Central Processing Dictionary

(Central Unit) the part of a computer of Computer
Processing where arithmetic and and Internet
Unit) logical operations are Terms Tenth
performed and instructions Edition
are decoded and executed.
The CPU controls the
operation of the computer.
A microprocessor is an
integrated circuit that
contains a complete CPU
on a single chip.
37 Data Simultaneous data Microsoft
Conferencin communication among Computer
g geographically separated Dictionary
participants in a meeting. Fifth Edition
Data conferencing involves
whiteboards and other
software that enable a
single set of files at one
location to be accessed and
modified by all participants.

38 DBMS A software interface Microsoft

(Database between the database and Computer
Managemen the user. A database Dictionary
t Systems) management system Fifth Edition
handles user requests for
database actions and allows
for control of security and
data integrity requirements.
Acronym: DBMS.
39 Desktop The use of computers for Microsoft
Conferencin simultaneous Computer
g communication among Dictionary
geographically separated Fifth Edition
participants in a meeting.
This communication may
include input to and display
from application programs
as well as audio and video
communication.
40 DHCP Dynamic Host Microsoft
(Dynamic Configuration Protocol Computer
Host (DHCP) is A TCP/IP Dictionary
Configurati protocol that enables a Fifth Edition
on Protocol) network connected to the
Internet to assign a
temporary IP address to a
host automatically when the
host connects to the
network.

41 DIMM DIMM (dual inline memory Dictionary

(Dual Inline module) a memory module of Computer
Memory similar to a SIMM but with and Internet
Module) different signals on the two Terms Tenth
sides of the tiny circuit Edition
board. DIMMs usually have
168 pins; compared to
SIMMs, they allow more
memory to be installed in
fewer sockets.
42 EAI The process of coordinating Microsoft
(Enterprise the operation of the various Computer
Application programs, databases, and Dictionary
Integration) existing technologies of a Fifth Edition
business or enterprise so
that they function as an
efficient, business-wide
system.
43 ECML A computer language Microsoft
(Electronic developed by leading e- Computer
Commerce commerce companies as a Dictionary
Modelling standard for inputting e- Fifth Edition
Language) wallet information into the
payment fields of Web
sites. This allows for one-
click transfer of e-wallet
information at compatible
Web sites. Acronym:
ECML.
44 EDO RAM A type of dynamic RAM Microsoft
that keeps data available for Computer
the CPU while the next Dictionary
memory access is being Fifth Edition
initialized, resulting in
increased speed. Pentium-
class computers using
Intel’s Triton chip set are
designed to take advantage
of EDO RAM.
45 EEPROM A type of memory chip Dictionary
(Electrically whose contents can be both of Computer
Erasable recorded and erased by and Internet
Programma electrical signals, but do not Terms Tenth
ble Read- go blank when power is Edition
only removed. (It is called “read-
Memory) only” because the recording
process is too slow to be
used more than
occasionally.) EEPROM
contrasts with permanently
recorded ROM chips and
with EPROMs that can be
programmed electrically but
cannot be erased
electrically.
46 EGA An IBM video display Microsoft
(Enhanced standard introduced in Computer
Graphics 1984. It emulates the Dictionary
Adapter) Color/Graphics Adapter Fifth Edition
(CGA) and the
Monochrome
Display Adapter (MDA)
and provides medium-
resolution text and graphics.
It was superseded by Video
Graphics Display (VGA).
47 FAQ A document listing Microsoft
(Frequently common questions and Computer
Asked answers on a particular Dictionary
Question) subject. FAQs are often Fifth Edition
posted on Internet
newsgroups where new
participants tend to ask the
same questions that
regular readers have
answered many times.

48 Fiber Optic fiber optics cables that carry Dictionary

Cable light rather than electrical of Computer
energy. Fiber-optic cables and Internet
are made of thin fibers of Terms Tenth
glass. Large amounts of Edition
data can be carried by a
single fiber-optic cable.
Unlike wire cables, fiber-
optic cables are not subject
to crosstalk or
electromagnetic noise, and
they cannot be tapped into
(e.g., by an eavesdropper)
without producing a
noticeable drop in signal
level.
49 FDDI A standard developed by Microsoft
(Fiber the American National Computer
Distributed Standards Institute (ANSI) Dictionary
Data for high-speed fiber-optic Fifth Edition
Interface) LANs (local area
networks). FDDI provides
specifications for
transmission rates of 100
megabits (100 million bits)
per second on networks
based on the token ring
standard.
50 Floppy Disk A floppy disk drive (FDD), Oxford
Drive or floppy drive, is a Basic
hardware device that reads English for
data storage information. It Computing
was invented in 1967 by a
team at IBM and was one of
the first types of hardware
storage that could
read/write a portable
device. FDDs are used for
reading and writing on
removable floppy discs.
Floppy disks are now
outdated, and have been
replaced by other storage
devices such as USB and
network file transfer.
51 Gigabyte gigabyte (GB) Dictionary
approximately one billion of Computer
bytes. With computer and Internet
memories, one gigabyte is Terms Tenth
always 230 = 1,073,741,824 Edition
bytes = 1024 megabytes.
With disk drives, a gigabyte
is sometimes understood as
1000 megabytes.
52 GIF a file format developed by Dictionary
(Graphic CompuServe for storing of Computer
Interchange bitmap images on disk. (See and Internet
Format) BITMAP.) GIF images can Terms Tenth
have up to 65,536 × 65,536 Edition
pixels and 256 colors. GIF
is a common format for
images on the World Wide
Web. Compare JPEG;
TIFF.
53 GPF An error that arises in Dictionary
(General Microsoft Windows of Computer
Protection when a program tries to and Internet
Fault) access a location in memory Terms Tenth
that is not allocated Edition
to it. GPFs are usually
caused by programming
errors such as uninitialized
pointers. Software that
produces GPFs is defective
or improperly configured.
54 GPS a network of satellites Dictionary
(Global allowing users with portable of Computer
Positioning GPS devices to determine and Internet
System) precise locations on the Terms Tenth
surface of the Earth. The Edition
portable GPS device
measures the exact time
taken for signals to reach it
from at least four different
satellites; from this, the
instrument can compute its
location.
55 GUI A visual computer Microsoft
(Graphical environment that represents Computer
User programs, files, and options Dictionary
Interface) with graphical images, such Fifth Edition
as icons, menus, and dialog
boxes, on the screen. The
user can select and activate
these options by pointing
and clicking with a mouse
or, often, with the keyboard.
A particular item (such as a
scroll bar) works the same
way for the user in all
applications, because the
graphical user interface
provides standard software
routines to handle these
elements and report the
user’s actions (such as a
mouse click on a particular
icon or at a particular
location in text, or a key
press); applications call
these routines with specific
parameters rather than
attempting to reproduce
them from scratch.
56 Handheld A computer that is small Microsoft
PC enough to fit in a jacket Computer
pocket and can run, for Dictionary
example, Windows CE (an Fifth Edition
operating system for
handheld PCs and
embedded systems) and
applications made for that
operating system. See the
illustration. Acronym: HPC.

57 Hard Disk A common magnetic Oxford

Drive storage device that reads Basic
and writes data on metal English for
disks inside a sealed case. Computing

58 Heat Sink A device that absorbs and Microsoft

dissipates heat produced by Computer
an electrical component, Dictionary
such as an integrated Fifth Edition
circuit, to prevent
overheating. Heat sinks are
usually made of metal and
often have fins that assist in
transferring heat to the
atmosphere.
59 Hercules A video adapter introduced Microsoft
Graphics in 1982 by Hercules Computer
Card Computer Technology for Dictionary
IBM personal computers Fifth
and compatibles and now Dictionary
superseded by VGA and its
successors. It offered a
monochrome graphics
mode with 720 x 348
pixels.
60 HDMI A standard interface and Dictionary
(High cable connector for carrying of Computer
Definition digitized audio and video. and Internet
Multimedia The connector is small and Terms Tenth
Interface) flat, like a USB connector, Edition
but is even smaller and
contains 19 pins.
61 HTML HTML (Hypertext Markup Dictionary
(Hypertext Language) a set of codes of Computer
Markup that can be inserted and Internet
Language) into text files to indicate Terms Tenth
special typefaces, inserted Edition
images, and links to other
hypertext documents.
62 IBM PC A class of personal Microsoft
computers introduced in Computer
1981 and conforming to Dictionary
IBM’s PC specification. Fifth Edition
The first PC was based on
the Intel 8088 processor.
For a number of years, the
IBM PC was the de facto
standard in the computing
industry for PCs, and
clones, or PCs that
conformed to the IBM
specification, have been
called PC-compatible.
63 ICMP A network-layer (ISO/OSI Microsoft
(Internet level 3) Internet protocol Computer
Control that provides error Dictionary
Message correction and other Fifth Edition
Protocol) information relevant to IP
packet processing. For
example, it can let the IP
software on one machine
inform another machine
about an unreachable
destination.
64 ICP A networking protocol used Microsoft
(Internet by cache servers to locate Computer
Cache specific Web objects in Dictionary
Protocol) neighboring caches. Fifth Edition
Typically implemented
over UDP, ICP also can be
used for cache selection.
ICP was developed for the
Harvest research project at
the University of Southern
California. It has been
implemented in SQUID and
other Web proxy caches.
65 Input A peripheral device whose Microsoft
Device purpose is to allow the user Computer
to provide input to a Dictionary
computer system. Fifth Edition
Examples of input devices
 are keyboards, mice,
joysticks, and styluses.
66 Internet a company that provides Dictionary
Service its customers with access to of Computer
Provider the INTERNET, typically and Internet
(ISP) through DSL, a CABLE Terms Tenth
MODEM, or DIAL-UP Edition
NETWORKING. Major
service providers in the
United States include
Microsoft, Comcast,
Earthlink, America Online,
and various phone
companies. Typically, the
customer pays a monthly
fee, and the Internet service
provider supplies software
that enables the customer
to connect to the Internet.
Some ISPs also provide file
space for pages on the
WORLD WIDE WEB and
FTP file storage.
67 Java Card An application Microsoft
programming interface Computer
(API) from Sun Dictionary
Microsystems, Inc., that Fifth Edition
allows Java applets and
programs to run on smart
cards and other devices
with limited memory. Java
Card uses a Java Card
Virtual Machine designed
for severely memory-
constrained devices.
68 JDBC A Java API designed to Microsoft
provide access to relational Computer
databases and other tabular Dictionary
material, such as Fifth Edition
spreadsheets and flat files.
Using JDBC, a developer
can create a cross-platform
Java application that can
connect with, and send SQL
statements to, a number of
different relational
databases. Although it is
commonly thought to stand
for Java Database
Connectivity, JDBC is the
 name of the technology;
it is not an acronym.
69 Key Code A unique code number Microsoft
assigned to a particular key Computer
on a computer keyboard, Dictionary
used to tell the computer Fifth Edition
which key has been pressed
or released. A key code is a
special identifier for the key
itself and is always the
same for a particular key,
regardless of the letter,
number, or symbol on the
key or the character
generated by the key.
70 Keyboard The main electronic input Oxford
device that has keys Basic
arranged in a similar layout English for
to a typewriter. Computing

71 LAN (Local A group of computers and Microsoft

Area other devices dispersed over Computer
Network) a relatively limited area and Dictionary
connected by a Fifth Edition
communications link that
enables any device to
interact with any other on
the network.

72 Low-level A computer language such Oxford

Language as machine code or Basic
assembly language that is English for
closer to the form that a Computing
computer understands than
to that of a human
language.
73 Malware Software created and Microsoft
distributed for malicious Computer
purposes, such as invading Dictionary
computer systems in the Fifth Edition
form of viruses, worms, or
innocent-seeming plug-ins
and extensions that mask
other destructive
capabilities.
74 MAN A highspeed network that Microsoft
(Metropolit can carry voice, data, and Computer
an Area images at up to 200 Mbps Dictionary
Network) or faster over distances of Fifth Edition
up to 75 km. Based on the
network architecture, the
transmission speed can be
higher for shorter distances.
A MAN, which can include
one or more LANs as well
as telecommunications
equipment such as
microwave and satellite
relay stations, is smaller
than a wide area network
but generally operates at
a higher speed.
75 Megabyte Usually 1,048,576 bytes Microsoft
(220); sometimes Computer
interpreted as 1 million Dictionary
bytes. Fifth Edition

76 Motherboar The main circuit board Microsoft

d containing the primary Computer
components of a computer Dictionary
system. This board contains Fifth Edition
the processor, main
memory, support circuitry,
and bus controller and
connector. Other boards,
including expansion
memory and input/output
boards, may attach to the
motherboard via the bus
connector.
77 Mouse A common pointing device. Microsoft
The basic features of a Computer
mouse are a flat-bottomed Dictionary
casing designed to be Fifth Edition
gripped by one hand, one or
more buttons on the top, a
multidirectional detection
device (usually a ball) on
the bottom, and a cable
connecting the mouse to the
computer. By moving the
mouse on a surface (such as
a desk top), the user
typically controls an on-
screen cursor.
78 Network The electronic circuit board Oxford
Interface inside a computer that is Basic
Card used to connect the English for
computer to a network. Computing

79 NTP A protocol used for Microsoft

(Network synchronizing the system Computer
Time time on a computer to Dictionary
Protocol) that of a server or other Fifth Edition
reference source such as a
radio, satellite receiver, or
modem. NTP provides time
accuracy within a
millisecond on local area
networks and a few tens
of milliseconds on wide
area networks. NTP
configurations may utilize
redundant servers, diverse
network paths, and
cryptographic uthentication
to achieve high accuracy
and reliability.
80 Open Software whose source Dictionary
Source code is published so that a of Computer
variety of people can add and Internet
contributions. This is Terms Tenth
different from proprietary Edition
software such as Microsoft
Windows, where the source
code is a trade secret and
only employees of the
manufacturer work on the
software’s development.
Significant examples of
open source software
include the LINUX
operating system, the
APACHE web server, the
OPENOFFICE. ORG 2
suite, and various GNU
products.
81 Operating The software that controls Microsoft
System the allocation and usage of Computer
hardware resources such as Dictionary
memory, central processing Fifth Edition
unit (CPU) time, disk space,
 and peripheral devices. The
operating system is the
foundation software on
which applications depend.
82 Optical A disk drive that reads and Microsoft
Drive often can write data on Computer
optical (compact) discs. Dictionary
Examples of optical drives Fifth Edition
include CD-ROM drives
and WORM disk drives.
See also CD-ROM drive,
compact disc, WORM.
83 Output A device that shows, prints, Dictionary
Device or presents the results of a of Computer
computer’s work. Examples and Internet
of output devices include Terms Tenth
MONITORs, PRINTERs, Edition
and IMAGESETTERs.

84 P2P An Internet-based Microsoft

networking option in which Computer
two or more computers Dictionary
connect directly to each Fifth Edition
other to communicate and
share files without use of a
central server. Interest in
P2P networking blossomed
with the introduction of
Napster and Gnutella. Short
for Peer-to-Peer.
85 Personal Term used by the United Microsoft
Communica States Federal Computer
tion Communications Dictionary
Services Commission (FCC) to cover Fifth Edition
a range of wireless, all-
digital communications
technologies and services,
including cordless phones,
voice mail, paging, faxing,
and personal digital
assistants (PDAs). Personal
Communications Services,
or PCS, is divided into
narrowband and broadband
categories.
86 Power The electrical component Oxford
Supply that provided filtered mains Basic
electricity at the correct English for
voltage for a computer. Computing

87 RAM Semiconductor-based Microsoft

memory that can be read Computer
and written by the central Dictionary
processing unit (CPU) or Fifth Edition
other hardware devices.
The storage locations can
be accessed in any order.
Note that the various types
of ROM memory are
capable of random access
but cannot be written to.
The term RAM, however,
is generally understood to
refer to volatile memory
that can be written to as
well as read.
88 Recycle Bin A folder in Windows 9x, Microsoft
Windows CE, Windows Computer
NT, Windows 2000, and Dictionary
Windows XP represented Fifth Edition
by an icon on the screen
resembling a basket
decorated with the recycling
logo. To remove a file, the
user drags its icon to the
Recycle Bin. However, a
file in the Recycle Bin is
not actually deleted from
the disk until the user opens
the Recycle Bin, selects the
file, and presses the Delete
key; until then, the user can
retrieve it.
89 ROM A semiconductor circuit Microsoft
into which code or data is Computer
permanently installed by the Dictionary
manufacturing process. The Fifth Edition
use of this technology is
economically viable only if
the chips are produced in
large quantities;
experimental designs or
small volumes are best
handled using PROM or
 EPROM.
90 Scripting A simple computer Oxford
Language language used for writing Basic
scripts that control English for
computer applications. Computing

91 TCP/IP A protocol suite (or set of Microsoft

protocols) developed by the Computer
U.S. Department of Defense Dictionary
for communications over Fifth Edition
interconnected, sometimes
dissimilar, networks.
It is built into the UNIX
system and has become
the de facto standard for
data transmission over
networks, including the
Internet.
92 Trojan Program or utility that Pocket
Horse appears to be something Glossary of
useful or safe, but in reality Computer
is performing background Terms from
tasks such as giving access A to Z
to your computer or sending
personal information to
other computers.
93 Turbo an extremely popular Pascal Dictionary
Pascal compiler written by Anders of Computer
Hejlsberg and introduced by and Internet
Borland International in Terms Tenth
1984, contributing greatly Edition
to the popularity of Pascal
on microcomputers. Later
versions included
extensions for object-
oriented programming.
94 Twisted a pair of unshielded wires Dictionary
Pair twisted together, providing of Computer
a cheap and relatively and Internet
noise-free way to transmit Terms Tenth
signals. The two wires carry Edition
equal and opposite signals.
Any electrical noise that
they pick up will be the
same (rather than opposite)
in the two wires, and the
 circuitry on the receiving
end can be designed to
ignore it. Category-3, -5,
and -6 cables are twisted
pairs.
95 UCM (Use UCM (Use Case Maps) a Dictionary
Case Maps) visual representation of the of Computer
requirements of a system, and Internet
using a precisely defined set Terms Tenth
of symbols for Edition
responsibilities, system
components, and sequences.
UCMs have been applied to
the development of
telecommunications and
other complex systems.
96 URL URL (Uniform Resource Dictionary
(Universal Locator, Universal of Computer
Resource Resource Locator) a way of and Internet
Locator) specifying the location of Terms Tenth
publicly available Edition
information on the Internet,
in the form often the port
number and/or the filename
is unnecessary.
97 UTP UTP (unshielded twisted Dictionary
(Unshielded pair) a cable consisting of of Computer
Twisted pairs of wires twisted and Internet
Pair) together and insulated but Terms Tenth
not provided with a metallic Edition
shield. See
TWISTED PAIR. Contrast
COAXIAL CABLE.

98 Video A form of communication Oxford

Conferencin over a network that uses Basic
g video cameras so that the English for
people taking part can see Computing
and hear each other
99 Visual A trademarked name owned Microsoft
Basic by Microsoft Corporation Computer
for a high-level, visual- Dictionary
programming version of Fifth Edition
Basic. Visual Basic was
designed for building
Windows-based
applications.
100 Visual C++ A Microsoft application Microsoft
development system Computer
for the programming Dictionary
language C++ that runs Fifth Edition
under MS-DOS and
Windows. Visual C++ is a
visual programming
environment. See also
visual programming.
Compare Visual Basic,
Visual J++.
101 Visual J++ Microsoft’s Java visual Microsoft
programming environment, Computer
which can be used to create Dictionary
applets and applications Fifth Edition
in the Java language. See
also applet, Java, Java
applet, visual programming.

102 Volume The optional identifying Microsoft

Serial volume number of a disk or Computer
Number tape. MS-DOS systems use Dictionary
the term volume serial Fifth Edition
number. Apple Macintosh
systems use the term
volume reference number.
A volume serial number
is not the same as a volume
label or volume name.
Compare volume label.
103 VRML A scene description Microsoft
(Virtual language for creating 3-D Computer
Reality interactive Web graphics Dictionary
Modelling similar to those found in Fifth Edition
Language) some video games,
allowing the user to “move
around” within a graphic
image and interact with
objects. VRML, a subset of
Silicon Graphics’ Inventor
File Format (ASCII), was
created by Mark Pesce and
Tony Parisi in 1994. VRML
files can be created in a text
editor, although CAD
packages, modeling and
animation packages, and
VRML authoring software
are the tools preferred by
most VRML authors.
VRML files reside on an
HTTP server; links to these
files can be embedded in
HTML documents, or users
can access the VRML files
directly. To view VRML
Web pages, users need a
VRML-enabled browser or
a VRML plug-in for
Internet Explorer or
Netscape Navigator.
104 WAP A specification for a Microsoft
(Wireless global standard for enabling Computer
Application digital cellular phones and Dictionary
Protocol) other wireless devices to Fifth Edition
access Internet and other
information services. The
Wireless Application
Protocol, or WAP, is
supported by an
organization known as
WAP Forum, which
includes such members as
Motorola, Nokia,
L. M. Ericsson, and
Unwired Planet. The goal of
the forum is to create an
open standard that works
with different wireless
technologies. Acronym:
 WAP.
105 WAN A geographically Microsoft
(Wide Area widespread network, one Computer
Network) that relies on Dictionary
communications Fifth Edition
capabilities to link the
various network segments.
A WAN can be one large
network, or it can consist of
a number of linked LANs
(local area networks).
106 WLAN A LAN (local area network) Microsoft
(Wireless that sends and receives data Computer
LAN) via radio, infrared optical Dictionary
signaling, or some other Fifth Edition
technology that does not
require a physical
connection between
individual nodes and the
hub. Wireless LANs are
often used in office or
factory settings where a
user must carry a portable
computer from place to
place. Also called: WLAN.
107 WML A markup language Microsoft
(Wireless developed for Web sites Computer
Markup that are accessed with Dictionary
Language) microbrowsers on Wireless Fifth Edition
Application Protocol
(WAP)–enabled devices. A
Web site written with WML
would be viewable on
handheld devices with small
screens, such as cell
phones.
108 WPA (Wi-fi A LAN (local area network) Microsoft
Protected that sends and receives data Computer
Access) via radio, infrared optical Dictionary
signaling, or some other Fifth Edition
technology that does not
require a physical
connection between
individual nodes and the
hub. Wireless LANs are
often used in office or
factory settings where a
user must carry a portable
computer from place to
place. Also called: WLAN.
109 XBRL A language for business Dictionary
(Extensible financial data using XML- of Computer
Business style tags. and Internet
Reporting Terms Tenth
Language) Edition

110 XGA A super VGA card Dictionary

(Extended marketed by IBM for of Computer
Graphics the PS/2. The original and Internet
Array) XGA, introduced in 1991, Terms Tenth
offered 1024 × 768- Edition
pixel images. Today XGA
denotes any monitor or
projector that can display
1024 × 768-pixel images.

111 XHTML A markup language Microsoft

(Extensible incorporating elements of Computer
Hypertext HTML and XML. Web Dictionary
Markup sites designed using Fifth Edition
Language) XHTML can be more
readily displayed on
handheld computers and
digital phones equipped
with microbrowsers.
XHTML was released for
comments by the World
Wide Web Consortium
(W3C) in September 1999.

112 XMCL an XML-based language Dictionary

(Extensible designed to support the of Computer
Media business of delivering and Internet
Commerce digital content (music, etc.) Terms Tenth
Language over the Internet. Although Edition
much content on the
Internet is free, other
content will only be
available if there is a
mechanism allowing the
content creators to receive
reasonable payment for
their work. XMCL provides
a standard way to transmit
data needed for this process.
113 XML XML (Extensible Markup Dictionary
(Extensible Language) a language of Computer
Markup similar to HTML, but and Internet
Language) designed for transmitting Terms Tenth
complex data structures of Edition
any type, not just web
pages. XML is a subset of
SGML adopted as a
standard by the W3C
in 1998. XML is designed
to be easier to use than
SGML while providing
richer features and better
implementation of
LOGICAL DESIGN than
HTML.
114 XrML XrML (Extensible Rights Dictionary
(Extensible Markup Language) an of Computer
Rights XML-based language for and Internet
Markup specifying rights and Terms Tenth
Language) conditions associated with Edition
digital content or services.
For more information, see
www.xrml.org. See also
COPYRIGHT.

115 XUL An XMLbased language for Dictionary

(Extensible defining graphical user of Computer
User- interface elements such as and Internet
Interface buttons and dialog boxes. Terms Tenth
Language) Edition

116 Yahoo a popular SEARCH Dictionary

ENGINE for the WORLD of Computer
WIDE WEB, accessible at and Internet
www.yahoo.com. Yahoo Terms Tenth
also offers other Internet Edition
services. Compare
GOOGLE.
117 Yottabyte A unit of measure equal to Microsoft
280 bytes, or approximately Computer
1 septillion (1024) bytes. Dictionary
When calculated as a Fifth Edition
multiple of 1000 zettabytes
(the next highest unit of
measure), a yottabyte is
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000 bytes; when
calculated as 1024
zettabytes, a yottabyte is
1,208,925,819,614,629,174,
706,176 bytes. The prefix
yotta- is meant to sound like
the Greek letter iota.
Abbreviation: YB.
118 Zero The elimination of leading Microsoft
Suppression (nonsignificant) zeros in a Computer
number. For example, zero Dictionary
suppression would truncate Fifth Edition
000123.456 to 123.456.

119 Zettabyte A unit of measure equal to Microsoft

270 bytes, or one Computer
sextillion (1021) bytes. Dictionary
When calculated as a Fifth Edition
multiple of 1000 exabytes
(the next highest unit of
measure), a zettabyte is
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000 bytes; when calculated
as 1024 exabytes, a
zettabyte is
1,180,591,620,717,411,303,
424

120 Zip Drive A disk drive developed by Microsoft

Iomega that uses 3.5-inch Computer
removable disks (Zip disks) Dictionary
capable of storing 100 Fifth Edition
megabytes of data.