Irrigation Equipment - Collapsible Emitting Pipe ("Drip Tape") Specification
Irrigation Equipment - Collapsible Emitting Pipe ("Drip Tape") Specification
Farm Irrigation & Drainage Systems Sectional Committee,FAD 17
Doc No. : FAD 17 (2225) C
Draft
INDIAN STANDARD
IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT– COLLAPSIBLE EMITTING PIPE (“DRIP TAPE”)
Deleted: AND TEST METHODS¶
‐SPECIFICATION
1. Scope
This Indian Standard gives mechanical and functional requirements for collapsible emitting
pipes (Drip Tape), and where applicable, their fittings, and provides methods for testing
conformity with such requirements. It also specifies the data to be supplied by the
manufacturer to permit correct information, installation and operation in the field.
Note – 1.It is applicable to collapsible emitting pipes (“Drip Tapes”) with or without pressure
regulation and to fittings dedicated to the connection of it.
2. It is applicable to collapsible emitting pipe (“Drip Tapes”) having wall thicknesses less than
described in clause 6.1.1 of IS 13488:2008. However upper limit for the wall thickness for the
scope of this standard shall be 0.60mm (24 mil).
3. It is not applicable to porous pipe (pipe that is porous along its entire length) or soaker hose Deleted: or soaker hose
or pipe having outlets without presence of emitter/emitting unit,
4. It does not cover the performance of collapsible emitting pipe (drip tapes) as regards
clogging since it is not applicable.
2. Normative references
For the purpose, of this standard the following Indian standards are necessary and adjuncts to
this standard. The following Indian Standards also contain provisions, which through reference
in this text, constitute provision of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on
this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions
of the standards indicated below.
IS NO Title
2530:1963 Methods of test for polyethylene moulding materials and polyethylene
compounds Deleted: ¶
13488 : 2008 Irrigation Equipment – Emitting Pipe Systems ‐ Specification
12786 : 1989 Polyethylene pipes for Irrigation Laterals
13479 : 1992 Assembled joints between fittings and polyethylene pressure
pipes‐Test of resistance to pull out. Formatted: Indent: Left: 1", First
line: 0.5"
Deleted: ¶
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3. Terminology
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Collapsible Emitting Pipe (“Drip Tape”)
Emitting pipe whose structure causes its cross‐section (which is generally round or
rounded when the pressure at the inlet of the emitting pipe is within the range of
working pressures recommended by the manufacturer) to alter itself when the pressure
is zero, generally because of a small wall thickness or because of the flexible nature of
the material from which the emitting pipe is made.
3.2 Multiple‐outlet emitter
Emitter in which the output flow is divided and directed to several distinctly different
locations.
Deleted: ¶
3.3 Multiple emitters
Multiple‐outlet emitter in which every outlet is a secondary emitter with its own flow rate.
Deleted: ¶
NOTE : The pressure relationship (q = kpm), and the flow rate of each outlet is not generally
dependent on the flow rate of other emitters.
Deleted: ¶
3.4 Emitter/Emitting Unit Exponent (m)
Numerical value that defines the exponential relationship between the emission rate and inlet
pressure of an emitting unit.
Deleted: ¶
NOTE : q = kpm: for an exponent (m) of 0, the emission rate does not vary with pressure; for an
exponent of 1, the emission rate varies linearly with pressure.
3.5 Flow rate
Emission rate of an emitter or an emitting unit Deleted: pipe
3.6 Regulated emitter/emitting pipe or Pressure compensating emitter/emitting pipe
Emitter/emitting pipe which maintains a relatively constant flow rate at varying water
pressures at the emitter / emitting pipe inlet within the limits specified by the manufacturer.
3.7 Unregulated emitter/emitting pipe or Non‐pressure compensating emitter/emitting pipe
Emitter/emitting pipe whose flow rate varies with inlet water pressure.
Deleted: ¶
3.8 Regular emitter/emitting pipe
Emitter/emitting pipe whose flow rate is different from zero when the inlet pressure is different
from zero.
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3.9 Non‐leakage emitter/emitting pipe Deleted: ¶
Emitter/emitting pipe whose flow is zero whenever the pressure at the inlet of the
emitter/emitting pipe is lower than a nominal pressure value (other than zero) declared by the
manufacturer.
Deleted: ¶
3.10 Minimum working pressure
Lowest working pressure at the inlet to an emitter/emitting pipe recommended by the
manufacturer to ensure proper operation of the emitter/emitting pipe
3.11 Maximum working pressure
Highest water pressure at the inlet to an emitter/emitting pipe recommended by the
manufacturer to ensure proper operation of the emitter/emitting pipe
3.12 Non‐reusable emitting pipe
Emitting pipe not intended for reinstallation.
3.13 Reusable emitting pipe
Emitting pipe designed for removal from the field and reinstallation with proper handling from
one season to another or under other circumstances
3.14 Emitting unit
Section of an emitting pipe, including all its hydraulic devices formed or integrated in the pipe
during production and all of the emitter inlets, repeated at intervals, from which water is
discharged to one clearly distinguishable location.
3.15 Unit emitting pipe
Length of emitting pipe containing one emitting unit
3.16 Clamping band/ring
Ring‐like or band‐like device used for obtaining a watertight joint between an emitting pipe and
a fitting.
3.17 Fitting
Connecting device suitable for attachment to an emitting pipe with or without a clamping band
Deleted: ¶
3.18 Inlet fitting
Fitting having one end suitable for connection to a standard irrigation pipe or appliance and the
other end or ends suitable for connection to collapsible emitting pipe
3.19 In‐line fitting
Fitting having both ends suitable for connection to collapsible emitting pipe
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3.20 Nominal diameter
Conventional numerical designation used to refer to the size of an emitting pipe.
3.21 Nominal test pressure, Pn
Reference pressure, to be used for test purposes, of 100 kPa at the inlet of an unregulated
emitter/emitting unit, or any other pressure as designated in manufacturer’s publications
3.22 Nominal emission rate, qn
3.22.1 Unregulated (Non‐pressure compensating) emitting pipe
The emission rate, expressed in liters per hour, of an emitting unit operating at the
nominal test pressure and at a water temperature of 27 ± 3oC, as specified by the
manufacturer
3.22.2 Regulated (pressure compensating) emitting pipe
The emission rate, expressed in liters per hour, of an emitting unit operating in the
range of regulation and at a water temperature of 27 ± 3oC, as specified by the
manufacturer
3.22.3 Nominal flow rate for multiple outlet emitter, qn
The emission rate of each outlet, as specified in 3.22.1 and 3.22.2, accordingly
3.23 Range of working pressures
All water pressures at the emitting unit inlet between and including the minimum working
pressure, pmin, and the maximum working pressure, pmax, recommended by the manufacturer to
ensure proper operation.
3.24 Range of regulation for regulated collapsible emitting pipe ‐
All water pressures at the emitting unit inlet in which each emitting unit is expected to
discharge the nominal emission rate.
3.25 Spacing of an emitting units ‐
Distance between two successive emitting units along an emitting pipe
3.26 Wall thickness of collapsible emitting pipe (drip tape)
Numerical designation expressing thickness of collapsible emitting pipe. Generally expressed in Deleted: The
millimeter or in ‘mil’ unit. Conversion factor for mil is, 1 mil = 1/1000th part of an inch or Deleted: the
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4.1 Reusability (collapsible emitting pipes)
Two categories of use are classified:
4.1.1 Non‐reusable emitting pipes;
4.1.2 Reusable emitting pipes.
4.2 Type of pressure regulation
Two categories of operation are classified:
4.2.1 Unregulated emitting pipes;
4.2.2 Regulated emitting pipes.
4.3 Type of operation at low pressure
Two categories of operation at low pressure are classified:
4.3.1 Regular
4.3.2 Non‐leakage
4.4 Type of multiple‐outlet emitter
4.4.1 Multiple emitters
4.4.2 Regular multiple outlet emitter.
5. Construction and materials
5.1 General
The collapsible emitting pipe, its parts and fittings shall have no manufacturing defects that
could impair performance.
The construction of the collapsible emitting pipe and its fittings shall permit their easy Deleted: emitter/
connection, with or without clamping bands, whether the connection is made manually or by
means of suitable tools supplied by the manufacturer.
5.2 Materials
5.2.1 The material used in the manufacture of collapsible emitting pipes and their
fittings shall be resistant to fertilizers and other chemicals commonly employed
in agricultural irrigation and shall be suitable for use with water at temperatures
up to 60oC and at operating pressures designated by the manufacturer.
5.2.2 The materials shall, so far as possible, not support the growth of algae and
bacteria. The parts that are exposed to light shall be opaque and protected
against UV degradation.
5.2.3 Extrusion compound shall be manufactured from a mixture of the following
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A. Polyethylene which may includes copolymer of ethylene and higher olefins,
in which the higher olefin constituents does not exceed 10% (m/m)
B. Anti‐oxidant in an amount not exceeding 0.5% (m/m)
C. Carbon Black equivalent to a content of 2.5±0.5% (m/m) and complying with
the following requirements
I. Toluene extracts not more than 0.1% (m/m). Determination of toluene
extract of carbon black shall comply with the test procedure given in IS
12786‐1989 Annexure A
D. When tested in accordance with IS 2530‐1963
I. The percentage of carbon black in the material shall be 2.5 ± 0.5% by
mass.
II. The dispersion of carbon black shall be satisfactory.
5.2.4. Addition of not more than 10% of the manufacturers own rework material
produced during the manufacture and works testing of collapsible emitting pipe
complying with this standard is permitted. No other rework material shall be
used.
5.3 Dimensions (collapsible emitting pipe)
5.3.1 The manufacturer shall specify the nominal outside diameter, inside diameter
and wall thickness of the collapsible emitting pipe, in millimeters or in ‘mil’, and
the actual dimensions of the product shall comply with those declared by the
manufacturer in accordance with 7.4.1 and 7.4.2.
5.3.2 The dimensions of the connecting fittings shall fit the dimensions of the
collapsible emitting pipe, to ensure easy and reliable connection.
5.4 Fittings (collapsible emitting pipe )
The manufacturer shall be able to supply, for each type and size of collapsible emitting pipe,
fittings suitable in size and shape to make secure connections to the collapsible emitting pipe.
The jointing, made with or without the use of clamping bands, shall be of sufficient strength to
withstand the full range of working pressures.
Clamping components, such as bands and screws, shall be of non‐corroding materials or of
materials protected against corrosion.
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6. Test specimens and conditions
6.1 Test specimens
The sample shall include 25 specimens taken at random from each production lot. A specimen
is composed of either one emitter or one non‐truncated emitting unit from the emitting pipe.
The number of test specimens (emitters/emitting units) required for each test is indicated in
clause 7 for the relevant tests. Ensure that the test specimen is not taken from adjacent Deleted: For emitting pipes, e
sections of the emitting pipe and does not contain either the first or last emitting unit of the lot.
For multiple outlet emitters, the sample shall include at least 10 emitters or 25 outlets.
6.2 Order of tests
The tests shall be conducted in the order given in Clause 7. All tests, beginning with that of 7.2
shall be conducted on specimens tested according to 7.1.
6.3 Test conditions
Unless otherwise specified, carry out all tests at ambient air temperature and at a water
temperature of 27°C ± 3°C. Ensure that the water used is clear water filtered through a filter
with nominal aperture of 75 µm, or as recommended by the manufacturer.
6.4 Accuracy of measuring devices
6.4.1 The water pressure shall be measured with measuring devices capable of
measuring with an error not exceeding 2% of the actual values.
6.4.2 During the test, the pressure shall not vary by more than 2%. The flow rate shall
be measured with measuring devices capable of measuring with an error not
exceeding ± 2% of the actual flow rate.
Deleted: ¶
7.1 Uniformity of flow rate
7.1.1 General
This test applies to regulated and unregulated emitters/emitting pipes. The test sample
shall include 25 emitters/emitting units in accordance with the requirement in 6.1.
When multiple emitters are tested, each outlet shall be considered as a single emitter.
7.1.2 Unregulated emitters/emitting pipes
Measure the flow rates of the emitters/emitting units when the water pressure at the
inlets of the emitters/emitting units equals the nominal test pressure. Record separately
the measured flow rate of each emitter / emitting unit.
Calculate the coefficient of variation, Cv, from the following formula:
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Cv = ‐‐‐‐ X 100
where:
is the standard deviation of the flow rates for the sample, in liters per hour;
is the mean flow rate of the sample, in liters per hour.
Note: For the purpose of measuring emission rate, collect a water sample from each
emitting unit for 3 minute and calculate the emission rate for each outlet.
7.1.2.1 The mean emission rate of the test sample shall not deviate from the nominal
emission rate,(qn) by more than 5 percent for category A, or not more than 10
percent for category B.
Table 1 Uniformity Values (According to 7.1.2)
Category Deviation of q Coefficient of
from qn, Max Variation Cv
(1) (2) (3)
A 5% 5%
B 10% 10%
7.1.2.2 The coefficient of variation (Cv) of the emission rate of the test sample shall not
exceed 5 percent for category A, or 10 percent for category B.
7.1.3 Regulated emitters/emitting pipes
Condition the emitters / emitting units in the test sample by operating them for a total
of 1 h. The conditioning procedure shall consist of the following steps.
a) Set the minimum working pressure and maintain it for 3 min.
b) Set the maximum working pressure and maintain it for 3 min.
c) Set the minimum working pressure and maintain it for 3 min.
d) Set the maximum working pressure and maintain it for 3 min.
e) Set the minimum working pressure and maintain it for 3 min.
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f) Set the maximum working pressure and maintain it for 3 min.
g) Set the pressure at the midpoint of the range of regulation and maintain it until
the total time of the conditioning procedure (1 h) is completed.
h) Immediately after conditioning and while maintaining the inlet pressure at the
midpoint of the range of regulation, test the emitters/emitting units according to
7.1.2.
The emitters/emitting units shall comply with the requirements of 7.1.2. Deleted: ¶
7.2 Flow rate as a function of inlet pressure
Perform the tests for determining flow rate as a function of inlet pressure as a continuation of
the tests performed in accordance with 7.1. When multiple emitters are tested, each outlet
shall be considered as a single emitter.
7.2.1 Test method
7.2.1.1 Emission Rate of Emitting Unit as a Function of Inlet Pressure
Number the emitting units tested according to 7.1, in ascending order according to the
measured emission rate. (No. 1 shall be given to the emitting unit of lowest emission
rate and No. 25 to the emitting units of highest emission rate) Select 4 emitting units
from the series obtained, Nos. 3,12,13,23 and measure their change in emission rate as
a function of the inlet pressure. Test each emitting unit in steps not greater than 50 kPa,
from zero pressure up to 1.2 Pmax. Regulated emitting units shall be tested at three or
more different pressure within the range of regulation, at rising and falling inlet
pressure. The reading of the results shall be taken at least three minutes after arriving at
the test pressure. If the inlet pressure exceeds the desired pressure by more than 10 kPa
during its rise and fall, return to ‘pmin’ and repeat the test.
Test non‐leakage emitters/emitting pipes in steps not greater than 10 kPa from zero
pressure up to 0.5 Pmax, starting from 0.5 Pmax, continue raising the pressure in steps
not exceeding 50 kPa up to 1.2 Pmax.
Deleted: ‐
7.2.1.2 Unregulated Emitting Pipe
Calculate for each pressure value, the average emission rate, q, obtained by measuring
the emission rate of the four emitting units at rising pressure.
Plot the curve, q as function of inlet pressure.
7.2.1.2.1 The curve of q as a function of inlet pressure shall conform to the curve
presented in the publication of the manufacturer within an allowable
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deviation of not more than + 5 percent for category A and + 10 percent for
category B.
7.2.1.2.2 For non‐leakage emitters/emitting units, the pressure at which flow
begins and the pressure at which the flow stops shall not vary by more
than 10% from the manufacturer’s declared pressure. Deleted: ¶
Deleted: ‐
7.2.1.3 Regulated Emitting Pipes
Calculate, for each inlet pressure value, pi, the average emission rate q obtained by
measuring the emission rate of the four emitting units at rising and falling pressure (the
average of 8 emission rate measurement)
Plot the curve, q as function of inlet pressure.
7.2.1.3.1 The value of q shall not deviate from the nominal emission rate by more
than 5 percent for category A or not more than 10 percent for Category
B.
7.2.1.3.2 For non‐leakage emitters/emitting units, the pressure at which flow
begins and the pressure at which the flow stops shall not vary by more
than 10% from the manufacturer’s declared pressure.
Deleted: ¶
¶
7.3 Determination of emitter/emitting unit exponent
The relation between the flow rate, q, in liters per hour, and the inlet pressure in an
emitter/emitting unit, p, in kilopascals, is given by the formula:
q ≅ k x pm
where,
k is a constant;
m is the emitting exponent.
Using all the q and p values obtained in 7.2.2 or 7.2.3, calculate the exponent, m, from the
following formula:
Σ( log p ) (log⎯q ) – 1/n ( Σ log p ) ( log )
i i i i
m= ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
2 2
Σ (log pi) –1/n (Σlog pi)
where,
i is 1,2,3…n;
n is the number of pressure values used in 7.2.2 or 7.2.3;
is the mean flow rate, in liters per hour;
p is the inlet pressure, in kilopascals.
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For regulated emitters/emitting pipes, the value of the emitting exponent, m, shall not exceed
0.2.
The calculated exponent shall not deviate from the manufacturer’s declaration by more than ±
5%
NOTE : The emitter / emitting unit “constant”, k, can also be calculated by the following
formula:
Where,
i is 1,2,3… n;
n is the number of pressure values used in 7.2.2 or 7.2.3;
qi is the mean flow rate, in litres per hour;
pi is the inlet pressure, in kilopascals;
m is the emitter/emitting unit.
7.4 Dimensions
7.4.1 Wall thickness of emitting pipe
Measure the wall thickness using a measuring instrument having an accuracy of 0.01
mm. The measurement may be rounded to the nearest 0.02 mm.
Measure the wall thickness of the emitting pipe at four points equally spaced, on the
periphery of the pipe. Repeat the test at two cross‐sections. In the event of a part of the
pipe of the pipe wall being thicker by design (for example, a flap in the emitting pipe),
disregard such increased thickness.
The wall thickness of the emitting pipe, when measured individually at each of the four
points, shall not be less than ±10% of the declared wall thickness.
Wall thickness shall be expressed in millimeters. Alternatively, it can also be expressed
in ‘mil’ using conversion factor as mentioned in 3.25
7.4.2 Inside diameter of emitting pipe
Measure the inside diameter using a measuring instrument having an accuracy of
0.05mm. The measurement may be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm.
For measuring the Inside diameter of emitting pipe, insert in to the end of the pipe a Deleted: ‐
specific Go‐No‐Go guage, first enter Go side of the guage, it should go inside the tube Deleted: P
without much force but at the same time it should not remain loose in the tube. For
example A Go‐No‐Go guage sketch is given below for 16 mm inside diameter tube.
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Fig.1 – Inside diameter measurement tool, GO‐NO‐GO gauge
Alternative measuring methods to measure the inside diameter of the emitting pipe,
insert a conical part (apex angle not greater than 10°) into the end of the emitting pipe,
taking care not to enlarge the pipe diameter. Mark on the cone the circle made by the
end of the pipe and measure its diameter.
Fig.2 – Inside diameter measurement tool, conical gauge
Alternatively, Calculation of the diameter by measuring the pipe circumference may be
used.
The measured inside diameter shall not deviate by more than + 0.2, ‐0.0 mm from the
declared diameter.
7.4.3. Spacing of emitting units
Measure three spacing of emitting units accurately to the nearest 1.0 mm.
The spacing of the emitting units shall not deviate by more than 5% from the spacing
declared by the manufacturer.
7.5 Resistance to hydraulic pressure
7.5.1 Resistance to hydraulic pressure at ambient temperature, 27° ± 3 °C
Carry out the test on a length of emitting pipe consisting of five emitters or five emitting
units joined by means of in‐line fittings.
Carry out the test in two stages (see 7.5.1.1 and 7.5.1.2).
7.5.1.1 Connect the assembly to a source of water (connecting the emitting pipe by
means of an inlet fitting) and close its outlet end. Fill the assembly with water
and check that no air remains trapped in the pipe. Increase the water
pressure gradually (10 s minimum) to 1.2 Pmax for non‐reusable emitting
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pipes or to 1.8 Pmax for reusable emitting pipes and for emitters, and
maintain the test pressure for 1 h.
7.5.1.2 The assembly shall withstand the test pressure without showing signs of
damage to the emitters/emitting pipes, the emitting units or the connecting
fittings. The assembly shall not pull apart, and no leakage shall occur at the
inlet fitting. Leakages not exceeding the emission rate of one emitting unit
are permissible at inline fittings.
7.5.1.3 Reduce the test pressure to the nominal test pressure and maintain it for at
least 3 min. Measure the flow rate of each emitter/emitting unit.
For emitters designed to enter a flush mode at high pressures to remove clogs, reduce
the pressure to zero before measuring flow rate at the nominal pressure.
The flow rate of each emitter/emitting unit shall not deviate by more than ± 10% from
its original flow rate as measured in 7.1.
7.5.3 Resistance to hydraulic pressure at elevated temperature
Carry out the test on an assembly consisting of three emitters connected to a lateral or
of three unit emitting pipes joined by means of in‐line fittings.
7.5.3.1 Connect the assembly to a source of water by means of an inlet fitting and
close its outlet end. Fill the assembly with water and check that no air
remains trapped in the pipe. Raise the water pressure gradually (10 s
minimum) to the maximum working pressure and maintain the pressure for 1
h while the emitting pipe test assembly is immersed in water at 60°C ± 2°C.
The assembly shall withstand the test pressure without showing signs of
damage.
7.5.3.2 Remove the test assembly from the water and leave it for 30 min at ambient
temperature. Apply a hydrostatic pressure, Pn, for at least 3 min at 27° C ± 3°
C and measure the flow rate of each emitting unit.
The flow rate of each emitter/emitting unit shall not deviate by more than ± 10% from
its original flow rate, as measured in 7.1. Deleted: ¶
¶
¶
7.5.4 Burst pressure test
Carry out the test on collapsible emitting pipe having free length between the two end
fittings equals to ten times the inside diameter but not less than 250mm.
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7.5.4.1 Carry out the test not earlier than 24 hrs. after the tube is manufactured.
7.5.4.2 Connect the tube ends with locking plugs at both ends in such a way that
the axial forces coming from the internal pressure are transmitted to the
tube.
7.5.4.3 Connect the assembly to a source of water by means of an inlet fitting
and close its outlet end. Fill the assembly with water and check that no
air remains trapped in the pipe. Raise the water pressure gradually (10 s
minimum) till the tube bursts while the emitting pipe test assembly is
immersed in water at 20°C ± 2°C.
The bursting pressure shall not be less than four times nominal test pressure, Pn
7.6 Resistance to tension (emitting pipe)
Carry out the test at a temperature of 27°C ± 3°C.
If the emitting pipe is reusable, mark lines, 150 mm apart, on the unit emitting pipe.
Fasten each unit emitting pipe in the grips of a tension‐testing machine and uniformly increase
(over 20 s to 30 s) the pull on the unit emitting pipe to
a) 160 N for non‐reusable emitting pipes (see clause 4.1.1), or
b) 180 N for reusable emitting pipes (see 4.1.2).
Notwithstanding this, if the manufacturer’s publications (see Clause 10) declare that the
maximum permitted tension force is less than the abovementioned force; perform the test as
specified here with the tension force declared by the manufacturer.
Maintain the tension force for 15 min, then release.
Non‐reusable emitting pipes shall withstand the test tension force without breaking or tearing.
Reusable emitting pipes shall withstand the test tension force without breaking or tearing, the
nominal flow rate in the test specimen shall not vary by more than ± 10% from the flow rate
measured before testing, and the distance between the two marked lines shall not vary by
more than ± 5% from the distance measured according to this sub clause.
7.7 Resistance to tensile stress
7.7.1 The test sample shall be a length of collapsible emitting hose of at least 100 cm
sampled in accordance with the requirements of clause 6.1
7.7.2 Generate an axial force vs. elongation curve using a suitable tensile test machine Deleted: l
with a loading rate of 9 N/min. One acceptable method is described below.
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Fig.3 – Tensile test apparatus7.7.2.1 Formatted: List Paragraph,
Centered, Indent: Left: -0.06",
Attach a tension‐indicating device such as a load cell or an analog scale to a fixed support in a Hanging: 0.06", Space After: 10 pt,
Line spacing: Multiple 1.15 li, Tabs:
vertical configuration as shown in Fig. 3. Attach one end of the sample to be tension‐indicating Not at 1.75"
device as shown. Measure and record the length of the unstressed sample. Deleted: ¶
Deleted: ¶
7.7.2.2 Apply a tensile load, f, of approximately 20 N and maintain the force for 2
minutes. The tensile load can be applied by attaching weights to the end
of the sample. Deleted: ¶
7.7.2.3 Without removing the load, measure and record the resulting elongation,
δ, of the sample as a percentage of its original length. Deleted: ¶
7.7.2.4 Repeat clause 7.7.2.2 and 7.7.2.3 each time increasing the tensile load, f,
by an increment no greater than 20 N until the sample is ruptured or
elongated more than 25%.
Fig 4 – Example load elongation curves
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7.7.2.5 Plot the curve of applied load, f, versus elongation & sample load‐ Formatted: Indent: Left: 1", First
line: 0"
elongation curves are shown in Fig. 4
7.7.3 Measure and record the yield strength, Ty, if the sample as the applied load at
the point where the load‐elongation curve markedly changes slope as shown in
Fig. 4, curve A if there is no distinct change in slope as shown in Fig. 4, Curve B,
calculate the 0.1% offset strength as described in Annexure A.
Deleted: ¶
7.8 Resistance to pull‐out of joints between fittings and polyethylene reusable emitting Formatted: Indent: Left: 0",
pipes. Hanging: 0.5"
This test shall be performed in accordance with IS 13479, but the test pull out load shall be
according to 7.6, applied for 15 min or alternatively dead weight may be used for applying the
test pull.
Notwithstanding the above, if the manufacturer’s publications (see clause 10) declare that the
maximum permitted tension force is less than the abovementioned force, perform the test as
specified here with the tension force declared by the manufacturer.
The fitting shall not pull out from the emitting pipe.
Where the emitting pipe is not made of polyethylene or the pipe wall is not uniform, this test
may be performed in conjunction with the resistance to tension test in 7.6 by connecting
between two sections of emitting pipe, each at least 300 mm long.
Deleted: ¶
7.9 Resistance of Collapsible Emitting Pipe to Environmental Stress Cracking Deleted: ‐
7.9.1 Acceptance Test
The test procedure shall conform to the procedure described in Annex‐D of IS
12786:1989 (Amendment no.5), except for the following:
Condition the test specimen in an air circulating oven at 80 ± 10C for 1 hour. Then air
cool and U bend the specimen and immerse in a constant temperature bath, containing
the reagent.
% Concentration of Surface active agent = 10%
Test temperature = 77 ±3 °C
Test duration = 1 hour
7.9.2 Type Test
The test procedure shall confirm to the procedure described in Annex‐D of IS 12786 :
1989 (Amendment no.5), except for the test temperature and test duration which shall
be as specified below:
% Concentration of Surface active agent = 10%
Test temperature = 77±3 °C
Test duration = 48 hours
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Farm Irrigation & Drainage Systems Sectional Committee,FAD 17
Deleted: ¶
7.10 Water tightness of the collapsible emitting pipe assembly
Deleted: er
7.10.1 Connect five emitting units by the connection methods recommended by the
Deleted: ‐
manufacturer (see clause 10).
Deleted: ers
7.10.2 Connect one end of the collapsible emitter pipe assembly to a source of
hydraulic pressure and plug the other end of the assembly. Deleted: to the pipe
7.10.3 Perform the test on five emitters connected to a lateral at a temperature of 27°C
± 3°C.
Increase the pressure in three steps:
a) 5 min at 0.4 Pmax,
b) 5 min at 0.8 Pmax,
c) 60 min at 1.2 Pmax,
No leakage shall occur through the connections to the emitting pipe, except at points of Deleted: emitter bodies or their
emitter discharge.
8. Designation
Deleted: ¶
8.1 Non Regulated collapsible emitting pipe:
These emitting pipes shall be designated by,
a) the words “collapsible emitting pipe”,
b) reference to this Indian Standard,
c) nominal diameter in millimeters,
d) nominal emission rate in litres per hour,
e) thickness of collapsible emitting pipe in millimeters or in ‘mil’, and
uniformity category. Deleted: ¶
<#>¶
Page Break
Example:
Collapsible emitting pipe ‐ IS xxxxx 16‐2‐0.2‐A designates a collapsible emitting pipe complying Deleted: ‐
with this Indian Standard, of 16 mm nominal diameter, 2 litres/h emission rate, with thickness
of collapsible emitting pipe 0.2 mm, non‐regulated and confirming to uniformity category A.
8.2 Regulated Collapsible Emitting Pipe:
These collapsible emitting pipes shall be designated by, Deleted: ‐
a) the words “collapsible emitting pipe”,
b) the reference to this Indian Standard,
c) nominal diameter in millimeters,
d) nominal emission rate in litres per hour,
e) thickness of collapsible emitting pipe in millimeters or in ‘mil’,
f) symbol "PC" to indicate use of regulated emitters, and
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Farm Irrigation & Drainage Systems Sectional Committee,FAD 17
g) uniformity category.
Example:
Collapsible emitting pipe ‐ IS xxxxx 16‐2‐0.2‐PC‐A designates a collapsible emitting pipe Deleted: ‐
complying with this Indian Standard, of 16 mm nominal diameter, 2 litres/h emission rate, with
thickness of collapsible emitting pipe 0.2 mm, regulated (pressure compensated) and
confirming to uniformity category A.
Deleted: ¶
9. Marking and packing ¶
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
9.1 Each reusable collapsible emitting pipe shall bear clear markings of any suitable colour.
Alternately laser marking/etching may also be permitted. Following particulars shall be
indicated on the collapsible emitting pipe:
a) Name of manufacturer or his registered trade mark ;
b) Year of manufacture;
c) Batch or Code No.;
d) Designation in accordance with 8
e) Arrow indicating direction of flow (only if flow direction affects operation of collapsible
emitting pipe); and Deleted: ‐
f) Spacing of emitting units, in centimeters
The marking on non‐reusable collapsible emitting pipes (clause 4.1.1) does not have to be
permanent but shall appear on the package in accordance with the marking requirements
of 9.3.
9.2 BIS Standard Marking
The product may also be marked with the standard mark.
9.2.1 The use of standard mark is governed by the provision of the Bureau of Indian
Standards Act. 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made there under. The
details of conditions under which the license for the use of Standard Mark may
be obtained from Bureau of Indian Standards.
9.3 Packing of collapsible emitting pipe
When the collapsible emitting pipes are supplied in coils, each coil shall carry an
attached tag bearing the following information in clear, legible and permanent writing:
a) Name and address of manufacturer;
b) Designation and Catalogue number of emitting pipe
c) Nominal diameter of collapsible emitting pipe
d) Thickness of collapsible emitting pipe.
e) Length of collapsible emitting pipe in coil
f) Year of production and manufacturing lot
g) Classification according to 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3
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h) Nominal emission rate of unit emitter/emitting unit and nominal working pressure Deleted: pipe
for unregulated emitting pipe or working pressure range for regulated emitting pipe;
i) Spacing of emitting units
Deleted: ¶
¶
10. Data to be supplied by the manufacturer
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
Deleted: whenever asked for
The manufacturer shall make available to the user together with the collapsible emitting pipe
and fittings, catalogues or information sheets that include the following data:
a) Catalogue number of collapsible emitting pipe and fittings; Deleted: ‐
b) Type of fittings for connecting emitting‐pipe to supply network or appliances;
c) Instruction sheet for proper operation of collapsible emitting pipe (the instruction sheets Deleted: ‐
shall be dated);
d) The words ‘Uniformity category A’ or ‘Uniformity category B’ as applicable, including the
relevant values given in Table 1;
e) Classification of collapsible emitting pipe (clause 4);
f) Emitter unit exponent as detailed in 7.3
g) Details of suitable fittings (including code number as marked on the fitting) for different
applications;
h) Installation instructions for the collapsible emitting pipe and fittings; Deleted: ‐
k) Wall thickness of collapsible emitting pipe;
l) Range of working pressure of the collapsible emitting pipe;
m) Operating characteristics of collapsible emitting pipe (7.2);
n) Limitations of collapsible emitting pipe use (fertilizers, chemicals, etc);
o) Range of regulation (if any)
p) Maximum permitted tension force [if the maximum permitted tension force, according to
the manufacturer’s discretion is < 160 N for non‐reusable emitting pipes (Class 4.1.1) or <
180 N for reusable emitting pipes (Class 4.1.2)];
q) Filtration requirements;
r) Spacing of emitting unit in collapsible emitting pipe;
s) Minimum recommended radius for coiling collapsible emitting pipe;
t) Maintenance and storage requirements;
u) Nominal test pressure;
v) The length of the emitting pipes in each reel.
w) Measured yield strength.
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Annexure A
( clause 7.7.3) Formatted: Font: 12 pt, Not Bold,
Italic, Complex Script Font: 12 pt,
Determination of ‘Offset yield strength’ Bold, Italic
A. Offset yield strength – the stress at which the strain exceeds by a specified amount (the
offset) an extension of the initial proportional portion of the stress‐strain curve. It is
expressed in force per unit area, usually megapascals.
1. This measurement is useful for materials whose stress‐strain curve in the yield range is
of gradual curvature. The offset yield strength can be derived from a stress‐strain curve
as follows,
2. On the strain axis lay off OM equal to the specified offset.
3. Draw OA tangent to the initial straight‐line portion of the stress‐ strain curve.
4. Through M draw a line MN parallel to OA and locate the intersection of MN with the
stress‐strain curve.
Strain
Fig.5 – Offset yield strength
The stress at the point of intersection r is the “offset yield strength”. The specified value of the
offset must be stated as a percent of the original gage length in conjunction with the strength
value. Example: 0.1% offset yield strength = ____MPa, or yield strength at 0.1 % offset =
___MPa.
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