CHRISTIAN

 R.  OROZCO,  RCE  

Environment  &  Energy  Engineering  Group  
Construction  Engineering  &  Management  Group  

CE 132
SANITARY ENGINEERING I
Discuss  among  your  groupmates  one  water  
pollutant  and  share  in  class  the  possible  effects  
of  the  chosen  pollutant.    
 
 

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¡  Water  pollution  occurs  when  a  body  of  water  
is  adversely  affected  due  to  the  addition  of  
large  amounts  of  materials  to  the  water.  
¡  When  it  is  unfit  for  its  intended  use,  water  is  
considered  polluted.    

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p  comes  from  a  specific  
source,  like  a  pipe  
p  factories,  industry,  
municipal  treatment  plants  
p  can  be  monitored  and  
controlled  by  a  permit  
system  

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p  Nonpoint  Source  (NPS)  
Pollution  is  pollution  
associated  with  
stormwater  or  runoff  
 
p  NPS  pollution  cannot  be  
traced  to  a  direct  
discharge  point  such  as  
a  wastewater  treatment  
facility  

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 NONPOINT SOURCES

Rural homes

Urban streets Cropland

Animal feedlot

Suburban POINT
development SOURCES
Factory

Wastewater
treatment
plant

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 Pollutants Found in Runoff
Sediment Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Soil particles ● Oxygen depleting material
transported from their Ø Leaves
source Ø Organic material

Toxics Nutrients
● Pesticides ● Various types of materials that become
Ø  Herbicides dissolved and suspended in water
Ø  Fungicides (commonly found in fertilizer and plant
Ø  Insecticides material):
● Metals (naturally Ø  Nitrogen (N)
occurring in soil, Ø  Phosphorus (P)
automotive emissions/
tires) Bacteria/ Pathogens Thermal Stress
Ø  Lead Originating from: Heated runoff,
Ø  Zinc ● Pets removal of
Ø  Mercury ● Waterfowl streamside
● Petroleum ● Failing septic systems vegetation
Hydrocarbons
(automotive exhaust and Debris
fuel/oil) Litter and illegal dumping
The  major  sources  of  water  pollution  can  be  
classified  as  municipal,  industrial,  and  
agricultural    
 
Municipal  water  pollution    
consists  of  waste  water  from  homes  and  
commercial  establishments    

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A.  Oxygen-­‐Demanding  Materials  
¡  anything  that  can  be  oxidized  in  the  receiving  
water  with  the  consumption  of  molecular  
oxygen  
¡  usually  biodegradable  organic  matter  
¡  comes  primarily  from  human  waste  and  food  
residue  in  domestic  wastewater  
¡  can  come  from  industries  like  food  and  pulp  
and  paper    

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¡  Aquatic  aerobic  organisms  
need  oxygen  to  survive    
¡  DO  varies  with  
temperature,  salinity,  
elevation,  and  turbulence  
(mixing).    
¡  A  stream  with  good  mixing  
will  replenish  DO  quickly    
¡  A  slow,  sluggish  stream  (or  
a  lake)  will  replenish  DO  
slowly    

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B.  Nutrients  
¡  Nitrogen  and  phosphorous  
¡  Problem  when  they  become  excessive  
(eutrophication)    
¡  sources  can  be  phosphorous  based  reagents,  
fertilizers  and  food-­‐processing  wastes    

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C.  Pathogens  
¡  include  bacteria,  viruses  and  protozoa  excreted  by  diseased  
persons  and  animals  
¡  makes  water  non-­‐potable  
¡  shellfish  can  concentrate  pathogenic  organisms  in  their  
tissues.    
¡  disease-­‐causing  viruses,  parasites,  and  bacteria  -­‐  sources  
include  hospitals,  schools,  farms,  and  food  processing  plants    
¡  illnesses  from  wastewater-­‐related  sources  include  
gastroenteritis  ,  hepatitis  A,  typhoid,  polio,  cholera,  and  
dysentery    

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D.  Suspended  solids  and  Sediments  
¡  Sediment  pollution  causes  water  to  be  murky  and  
unpleasant  to  look  at,  swim  in  or  drink  
¡  It  reduces  the  light  available  to  underwater  plants  and  covers  
food  supplies  and  the  eggs  and  nests  of  aquatic  animals  
¡  organic  and  inorganic  particles  that  are  carried  by  the  
wastewater  into  a  receiving  water  
¡  reduce  usefulness  and  value  of  the  water    

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E.  Salts  and  Dissolved  Solids  
¡  High  concentration  may  lead  to  crop  damage  
or  soil  poisoning    

CE 132 Sanitary Engineering I

F.  Toxic  Metals  and  Toxic  organic  compounds  
¡  Toxic  metals  and  toxic  organic  compounds  -­‐  
agricultural  run-­‐offs  containing  pesticides  and  
herbicides  
¡  Urban  run-­‐off  can  be  source  of  metals  and  
organics  from  gasoline    
¡  Many  toxic  compounds  are  concentrated  in  food  
chain  

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G.  Heat  
¡  Thermal  pollution  is  the  release  of  excess  or  
waste  heat  into  the  atmosphere  or  bodies  of  
water  
¡  A  rise  of  only  a  few  degrees  can  wreak  havoc  
with  aquatic  environments  by  changing  the  rates  
of  chemical  reactions  and  the  concentration  of  
dissolved  gases  such  as  oxygen  
¡  Recycling  the  hot  water  through  cooling  towers  
can  solve  most  of  the  problems  

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 ¡  It  is  located  in  
Benguet  between  
120o30’45”  to  
120o38’50”  E  
longitude  and  
16o14’00”  to  
16o24’30”  N  latitude.    
¡  It  covers  6  
barangays  of  Tuba:  
Camp  1,  Tabaan  Sur,  
Twin  Peaks,  Camp  3,  
Camp  4,  and  portion  
of  Poblacion    
¡  Small  portions  of  
Barangays  Virac  and  
Ampucao  in  Itogon,  
Benguet    
¡  25  Barangays  in  
southern  part  of  
Baguio  City    

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