CONCISE

ENGLISH
TAGALOG
DICTIONARY

Jose Villa Panganiban

[A.B., Ph.B., B.S.E., M A , Ph.D.]

TUTTLE PUBLISHING
Tokyo • Rutland, Vermont • Singapore
 To MY CHILDREN:
Jose Maria, Rosamyrna, Juan Virgilio, and Consuelina Lourdes

Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

www. tuttlepublishing. com

© 1969 Jose Villa Panganiban

All rights reserved

LCC Card No. 69-13501

ISBN 978-0-8048-1962-6

First edition, 1969

First paperback edition, 1994

Printed in Singapore

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 Table of Contents
Publisher's Foreword v
Pronunciation and Accentuation .vii
Tagalog Word Forms xi
How to Use this Book xiii
Abbreviations Used in this Dictionary xv
References xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Legally Speaking xxii
ENGLISH - TAGALOG Dictionary 1
APPENDIX A. —Useful Terminologies 145
APPENDIX B. —Common Affixes 149
APPENDIX C. —Orthography of Geographical Names 163

iii
 Publisher's Foreword
There is a definite need for this book by schools, teachers,
students, translators, and anyone intent upon studying
Tagalog.
The main objectives of this dictionary are simplicity, fa-
cility of reference, and accuracy. The Tagalog equivalents in
the dictionary have been selected for their accuracy of mean-
ing, but in some cases, because of translation difficulties, it
has been necessary to sacrifice accuracy in favor of close-
ness or nearness in meaning. However, the orthography of
the Tagalog meanings conforms with the rules of the offi-
cial grammar published by the Institute of National Lan-
guage.

V
 Pronunciation and Accentuation
TT O understand quickly the accentuation system used in
this book, which is the same as that prescribed by the
Balarila of the Institute of National Language, consider
two important things: STRESS and GLOTTAL STOP.
STRESS means syllabic emphasis. It is marked by
the acute accent (fi) on the vowel of the syllable, on which-
ever syllable the stress falls, except on the penultimate
which does not need to be marked because majority of Ta-
galog words are penultimate. (It is important to note
that when a word has no accent mark at all in its last two
syllables, it is penultimate in stress).
1. Acute stress (i. e. on the last syllable) :—Buhdy,
talagd, hambog, maliit.
2. Penultimate stress (i. e. on the syllable before
the last),—no accent mark: — buhay, aval, pato. sabi,
laganap, dalaga.
3. Stress on a syllable before the penultimate (i. e.
on the third, fourth, etc.. syllable.before the last):—(a) in
combination with the penultimate: tdhanan, simulain, nd-
rarapat, mdkita;—(b) \xx combination with the acute stress:
kdwanihdn, kdgawardn, ndririydn, ndririto.
NOTE WELL: The acute accent marks ONLY the
syllabic stress.
GLOTTAL STOP refers to the end-vowel of a word
that is pronounced with an arrested sound at the epiglottis.
The accent mark used is the grave accent (a). This par-
ticular accent is found in words with the glottal end-vowel
but penultimate in stress:—Batd, binata, luha, labi, turd,
paglalaho.

vii
 But, (and this is important) if a word of acute stress
happens to end also in a glottal vowel, we get, first: the
acute accent (a) for the stress, and second: the grave
(a) for the glottal end-vowel, which results into a combina-
tion which we call the circumflex accent because of its simi-
larity to the accent of the same name in international
phonetics: (a).—dagtk, sira, binti, panibugho, buslo.
* * *

The importance of understanding the system of accen-

tuation as guide to correct pronunciation cannot be mini-
mized. It would solve many problems, among them the
following:
1. We would not have to grope for the correct pro-
nunciation of a word.
2. Non-Tagalog Filipinos and foreigners trying to
learn the language would have a clear guide to
correct pronunciation.
3. Uniformity of pronunciation throughout the
nation would result, as there are many localisms
and regional idiosyncracies which education should
remove in favor of a national standard.
We should bear in mind that there are a great number
of Tagalog words that change in meaning by a change in
accent. Take this sentence which Prof. Lope K. Santos,
Director of the Institute of National Language, habitually
presents to his students:
Lalaki ang aso. The dog is male.—Without accent
marks on lalaki and aso they are to be pronounced as penul-
timate words. Lalaki means "male" or "masculine". Aso
means "dog."—If we should use stress accents on talaki to

viii
 make it lalaki, the word becomes the future tense form of
the infinitive lumaki, to grow big. Thus, Ldlaici ana aso
would mean "The dog will grow big."—Let us also put an
acute stress on aso, to become aso, smoke. Ldlaki ang aso
means "The smoke will grow big." Of course, it would be
ridiculous to write: Lalaki ang aso because no smoke is
ever masculine in the Tagalog language, although we say
"el humo" in Spanish.
Observe the differences in meaning in the following
groups of words:
1. kaibigan, friend
kaibigdn, desire, inclination, preference
kaibigan, mutual consent
kaibigan, sweetheart, boy-friend or girl-friend
2. baga, glowing ember
bagd, (an interrogative particle)
baga, lungs
bagd, tumor in the breast
3. buhay, life
buhdy, alive
4. kita, earnings; seen, obvious, conspicuous
kitd, (pronoun with a compound meaning, I to
you)
5. bata, Spanish word used in Tagalog meaning
"robe", especially "bathrobe", or other robes
used while at home
bata, child
bata, root-word for a verb, as magbatd, to suffer.
The mastery of Tagalog is mastery of stresses and
glottal vowels, aside from understanding of sentence struc-
tures. But any one trained in some language, as English
or Spanish, at school or elsewhere, and having a sense of
ix
expression, would be able to construct sentences. It is not
everyone that can pronounce correctly according to standard
pronunciation,—even in languages other than Tagalog,—
until he has become familiar with what is standard. For
the sake of uniformity, the initiative of the Institute of
National Language should be considered authoritative, as
it certainly is by law. The INL we understand bases the
standard pronunciation upon the preferences of literate
Manila, which is the metropolitan in which all Tagalogs
of differing accents meet and in which certain mannerisms
gain a more or less, permanent foothold. We must have a
standard,—and Manila being the sea where all rivers meet,
let us take the resulting taste and consistency of the sea.

x
 Tagalog Word Forms
Much of the vocabulary of the student of Tagalog
could be built quicker and easier if the student should try
to master the different word structures. The following is
intended to show briefly how words are formed in Tagalog.
First, we consider the particles (kataga) which are
mostly monosyllabic words that have no meaning in them-
selves when alone but become definite parts of speech when
combined with other words. Among such words are: din
(rin) t man (namdn), pa, na, nga; the postpositive pronouns
ka, ko, mo, niyd, etc.
Second, the root-words, mostly disyllabic but some have
more than three syllables and only a few monosyllabic. All
these root-words are used to form reduplicated, affixed,
and compound words, but the majority of them can stand
as single parts of speech.—bahay, lupd, lasa, sugat, bzdak-
Idk, lagari, etc.
Third, the reduplicated words, in which a syllable, two
syllables, or the whole word is repeated—Ldlaki, magandd-
gandd, mabuting-mabuti-
Fourth, the affixed word formed by either a prefix,
infix, or suffix added to a root-word, or by any two or all
of the affixes with the root. Prefixed: mabuhay, pagawa,
mangrgamdt. Infixed: kinatawan, binalimbing, twmayo.
Suffixed: ubuhiri, lutuin, tawanan, tamaan. Prefixed and
infixed: kdkasama,ipINagagawa. Prefixed and suf-
fixed : magsalitaan, pagrtawandn, pabilhin, taxtulungiw. All
affixes: pagpUMilitan, pINakikingan, kINatatayuan.
Fifth, the compound word, in which two different
words or roots are combined (a), in literal sense, without
losing the original meanings of the combined words: buhay-

xi
Maynild, dalagang-bukid, bahay-pari; (b) in the figurative
sense, i. e., losing the original meaning of the combined
words in favor of a third: hampaslupa, Bagumbayan, dala-
gambukid.
As in the changes in accentuation, changes in word
structure also produce many shades of meaning.
bahay, house
bahay-bahay, every house
mag bahay, to own or build a house
pagbahayan, to build a house (on a certain place)
kabahay, fellow living in the same house
kabahayan, the central portion of a house
mamahay, to reside in
pamamahay, household
bahay-pari, convent, monastery
bahay-bata, uterus
bahay-langgdm, ant-hill
bahay-hari, royal paiace
bahay-bayan, public hotise
bahay-sanglaan, pawnshop
bahay-kalakal, business house
maybahay, housekeeper, wife
etc., etc.
The foregoing list gives only a few that can be formed
out of the root-word bahay. Majority of Tagalog roots can
be transformed agglutinatively into scores of other words
with different meanings, with the root as the central rela-
tion.

xii
 How to Use this Book
Facility of reference and real utility can be obtained
from any vocabulary or dictionary if the user is familiar
with its organization and structure. . This vocabulary, being
a bilingual presentation, and having been prepared with a
certain point of view, has its own characteristic organiza-
tion of materials somewhat different from other books of
the same kind. The user, therefore, is advised to study
the following explanations of organization and structure.
1. The English entries are immediately followed by
their respective parts of speech.
CORNER, n. sulok.
DISOBEY, v. sumuwdy, suwayin.
See the list of abbreviations for these parts of speech.
2. After the part of speech, the Tagalog equivalent or
equivalents follow, but if the original entry has no exact
correspondence in Tagalog, or can be interpreted in some
other meanings, secondary English key-words are provided.
In this way, accuracy is achieved.
CRUSH, v. to break into pieces or
flatten by pressure, pisain;
grind to powder, ligisin; squeeze
with the fingers or the hand,
pifiilin; pulverize, durugin.
3. If the English entry belongs to two or more parts
of speech, a dash (—) separates the second or third part
of speech from the first. Often, an idiomatic combination
or* common expression using the entry is given. In this
case, the entry is printed with its initial letter alone, to
save space.
CROSS, n. kurte, lews, Sp.—Vw
To mark with a c , kurusdru—
to move to the opposite side, tu-
'mawid; tawirin.—To make the
sign of the c , mag-antanda.—
adj. ill-tempered, mainit ana ido..
xiii
 4. If a "Tagalog" equivalent is not really Tagalog
but derived from a foreign language, the abbreviation of
the language of derivation follows the word,
DEAN, n. dekano, Sp.
GERM, n. seed, binhi; sprout,
paltok, (of mongos, toge, tawge,
Ch.); microbe, mikrobyo, Sp.;
origin, pinagmtri&n.
Some of the words in our national language are derived
from the Latin (Lat.), French (Fr.), Chinese (Ch.), Arabic
(Ar.), Hebrew (Heb.). Words from the Malay are not
marked. The reason is that we have no authoritative ref-
erence at present to allow us to make such indications.
Old Tagalog words being revived or resuscitated are mark-
ed "O.T." Tagalog terms not in common use but deemed
needed are indicated by "nc." Coined words which the
author considered as possibly useful are followed by "cw."
5. Technical terms belonging to a particular branch
of science or art are introduced by the name of the branch
of science or art in parentheses, as (Gram.) Grammar,
(Bot.) Botany, etc.
GENDER (Gram.) kasarwn.-+
Feminine g., kasariang pamba-
bae. — Masculine g., kasariang
pantalaki.
6. Often, to save space and too much repetition, or
to indicate slight differences under the same meaning,
secondary key-words in English are presented in parenthe-
ses :
ACQUIRE, v. (by self-exertion)
mdtamd, makuha; (by purchase)
mdbili; (by inheritance) md-
mana.
CAPE, n. wrap, abrigo, Sp.; head-
land (narrow), lungos; (short)
imus; (high) tangos; (wide and
long) Uvngwdy.
xiv
 Abbreviations Used in this Dictionary
Abbr ., abbreviation Ilok., derived from the Ilokano
adj., adjective inter., interjection
adv. adverb
Anal:., anatomical term LaU, derived from the Latin
Ar., derived from the Arabian
art., article
masc, masculine gender
Math., mathematical term
Biol. , biological term Med., medical term
Bis., derived from the Bisayan
Bot., botanical term Mex., derived from the Mexican

Ch., derived from the Chinese n., noun

Colloq., colloquialism nc, term not commonly used
Com., commercial term
conj., conjunction Ornith., ornithological term
Cub., derived from the Cuban 0 . T., old Tagalog term
cw., a coined word
Pam., derived from the Pampango
Eccl. , an ecclesiastical term pi., plural number
Elec., an electrical term prep., preposition
Eng. . derived from English pron., pronoun

fern., feminine gender sing., singular number

fig., 'if figurative usage SI., slangy expression
Fr., derived from the French Sp., derived from the Spanish

Geom., geometrical term v., verb

Gram., grammatical term vul., vulgar
Haw. , derived from the Hawaiian
Hnd. , derived from the Hindu Zool., Zoological term

xv
 References
1. New English-Spanish and Spanish-English Dictionary by Antonio
Cuyas. Revised and enlarged by Antonio Llano. New York,
1930. D. Appleton and Company.
2. Webster's Elementary Dictionary. New York, 1935. American
Book Company.
3. The Winston Dictionary, Encyclopedic edition. Philadelphia, 1945.
The John C. Winston Company.
4. The Secretary's Desk Book by William J. Pelo. Philadelphia,
1945. The John C. Winston Company.
5. The Tagalog Language by Constantino Lendoyro, second edition,
Manila, 1909. Juan Fajardo.
6. Dicdonario Hispano-Tagalog por Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Primera
Parte. Manila, 1889. Estab. tipogrjtfico "La Opinidn,, a
cargo de G. Bautista.
7. Dicdonario Tagalog-Hispano por Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Segunda
Parte. Manila, 1914. Imp. y Lit. de Santos y Bernal.
8. Ang Wika at Bay baying Tagalog ni G. E. Tolentino. Maynila,
1937.
9. Gram&tica na Isinauicang Tagalog nang sa CastUa ni Don Asisclo
F. Vallin at Bustillo at ni Don Z. Villamarin. Maynila, 1886.
Establecimiento Tipografico "La Industrial".
10. Estudios Gramaticales sobre la Lengua 'lagalog por Pedro Se-
rrano Laktaw (Obra Postuma). Manila, 1929. Imprenta de
Juan Fajardo.
11. 4 Manual of the Philippine National Language by Cecilio Lopez,
third edition. Manila, 1941. Bureau off Printing.
12. Arte de la Lengua Tagala y Manual Tagalog por Fray Sebastian
de Totanes. Binondo, 1865. Imprenta de Miguel Sanchez y
Cia.
13. Gramatikang Inggles-Tagalog ni Ramona Desiderio Marquez at
Sofronio G. Calderon. Maynila, 1919. Palimbagan ni P. Sayo
Balo ni Soriano.
14. Lecciones de Gram&tica Hispano-Tagala por D. Fr. Jose Hevia
Campomanes, duodecima primera edicion. Manila, 1930. Tip.
de la Univ. de Sto. Tomas.
15. Elements of Tagalog Grammar by Henry Demond, S. V. D.
Manila, 1929. Catholic Trade School.
16. Fundamental Tagalog by J. Villa Panganiban, second edition,
second printing. Manila, 1940. Philippine Education Co.
17. Preliminary Studies oH the Lexicography of the Philippine Lan-
guages, Publications of the Institute of National Language,
Vol. I, Nos. 1-9. Manila, 1937.

xvii
18. A Preliminary Study of the Affixes in Tagalog by Cecilio Lopez.
Publications of the Institute of National Language, Vol. II.
Manila, 1937.
19. An Outline Syntax of Buddhistic Sanskrit by Sukumar Sen.
Journal of the Department of Letters, Vol. X V I I , 1928. Cal-
cutta University Press.
20. A Study of Tagalog Grammar and What Elements of It Should
Be Taught by J. Villa Panganiban, doctoral thesis. Manila,
1941. University of Santo Tomas.
21. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala por el P. Juan de Noceda y el
P. Pedro de Sanlucar. Reimpreso en Manila, 1860. Imprenta
Ramirez y Giraudier.
22. Pangasinan: Grarndtica tan Diccionario by Ernest A. Rayner.
Manila, 1923. Methodist Publishing House.
23. Vocabulario Iloco-Espaiiol por M.R.P. Fr. Andres Carro, 2.a edi*
cion. Manila, 1^388. Establecimiento Tipo-litografico de M.
Perez, hijo.
24. Munting Diccionario na Ingles-Tagalog ni Sofronio G. Calderon.
Manila, 1916. Imprenta y Libreria de P. Sayo Vda. de Soriano.
25. Balarild ng Wikang Pambansd. Surian n g Wikang Pambansa,
Maynila, 1940. Bureau of Printing.
26. A Tagalog-English Vocabulary, first edition. Institute of Na-
tional Language, Manila, 1940. Bureau of Printing.
27. Balarilang Pilipino ni I. Evangelista. Tondo, 1923. Bulalakao's
Printing Press.
28. Diccionario Manual de Terinitios Comunes Espanol-Tagalo por
Don Rosalio Serrano. Manila, 1913. Libreria y Papeleria de
J. Martinez.
29. Vocabidario de la Lengua Pampanga por M.P.R. Lector Fr. Diego
Bergano. Reimpreso, Manila, 1860. Imprenta de Ramirez y
Giraudier.
30. Ortografia y Reglas de la Lengua Tagalog por Don Pedro Andres
de Castro. Madrid, 1930. Libreria General de Victoriano
Suarez.

xviii
 Acknowledgments
HE original and main part of this vocabulary was pre-
pared in several periods. At the start, in 1941, the sug-
gestions and aid of Dr. Eufronio M. Alip proved useful. The
interest displayed and the critical suggestions of Rev. Fr.
Evergisto Bazaco, O.P., in the preparation of the letter " A "
helped the author to a great extent in finding a "foothold"
so-to-speak.
When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 8, 1941,
the manuscript, completed until letter "C", evacuated with
the author to the Barrio of Bungkalot, Tanauan, Batangas.
The author's advisers became the old people of the barrio
and transient evacuees. From March, 1942, Mrs. Fidela C.
de Panganiban, the author's mother; Mrs. Consuelo T. Pa-
nganiban, the author's better-half; and Mrs. Leonila L. Tor-
res, acted as advisers and consultants, although very little
work was done.
In 1943, back in the city, the author availed himself
of the many suggestions and advices of Maj. Jose M. Her-
nandez, PA., Mr. Antonio Zacarias, and Dr. Eufronio M.
Alip. In 1944, after an interview with Director Lope K.
Santos of the Institute of National Language, the manu-
script (though at this time had reached until letter "M")
was revised with a new organization of material. Director
Santos and Mr. Julian Cruz Balmaseda provided the author
with valuable suggestions at this time.
After the first bombing of the Port of Manila by the
Americans in September, 1944, the author and his family
evacuated to Tanauan, Batangas. Work on the manuscript
became more intensive. The late Dr. Brigido Carandang,
believed to have been killed by the Japanese early in 1945,

xix
 made it a habit to look in at the author at work, to read the
manuscript and ridicule some entries. The good doctor's
ridicule helped the author a great deal in improving the
work.
When, after Christmas of 1944, the Japanese airfield
at Lipa and the railroad station at Tanauan became the ob-
ject of daily air-raids by the Americans, the author and his
family evacuated with the manuscript to Barrio Wawang
Balili, near Lake Taal, within sight of Taal Volcano and Ta-
gaytay City on the famous ridge of Cavite. Once again, the
author had a chance to consult natural "Tagalists", among
them the barrio headman Mang Atong Salisi; Mr. Dionisio
Atienza, an ex-teacher; and various other persons, natives
and evacuees.
The manuscript was on letter " S " when the 11th Air-
borne Division of the U.S. Army landed paratroops on Ta-
gaytay and the author was called upon by local guerrillas
to act as Liaison Officer in meeting the paratroopers. In
February, 1945, the massacre of the towns of Santo Tomas,
Tanauan, and Lipa, by the Japanese occurred. With
thousands of other evacuees, the author, with his manu-
script carefully packed under one arm and food for a few
days under another, fled across hills and forests to Cabu-
yao, Laguna, guarded by a guerrilla band captained by the
gallant Remigio Maiquis who had the presence of mind to
hide under some bushes the Royal typewriter (specially
equipped with Tagalog accents) on which the author wrote
the manuscript. When the Japanese burned and razed the
barrio of Wawang Balili to the ground, among the few
things saved from the barrio was the said typewriter.
Back in Manila by March, 1945, work on the manu-
XX
script was resumed with the constructive suggestions of
Mr. Vicente Sabalvaro and Atty. Teodoro L. Valencia, while
the author worked for PCAU 20, and later, for the Military
Censorship Detachment, USAFFE. The manuscript was
completed by June, 1945.
At this time, Mr. Arsenio R. A f a n a w the manuscript
which had reached over 1,400 pages. Mr. Afan was instru-
mental in interesting Dr. Jose M. Aruego of the University
Publishing Company who asked for an abridgment of the
work in order to produce a low-priced vocabulary.
The manuscript had to be rewritten, therefore, to meet
the requirement of the publishers, and in this preparation
the help of Mrs. Antonia H. Villanueva proved very valua-
ble. When, finally, the manuscript went to press, the proofs
were gone over by Director Lope K. Santos, Mr. Marcelo P.
Garcia, Mr. Leonardo Dianzon, and Mr. Leonardo C. Paner.
Mrs. Paulina Flores Hidalgo and Miss Aurea Mercado went
over the final printed sheets for errata which are corrected
in this second printing.
As may be seen, hundreds of people had a hand in the
preparation of this small vocabulary. To all these people,
the author hereby expresses his thanks and acknowledges
sincerely their aid, without which this book could not have
found itself published in the way it is.

xxi
 Legally Speaking . . . .
1. "The National Assembly shall take steps toward the de-
velopment and adoption of a common national language based
on one of the existing native languages."—Constitution of the
Philippines, Art. XIV, Sec. 3.
2. The Institute of National Language is created to choose
the native tongue which is to be used as the basis for the
evolution and adoption of the Philippine National Language.—
Commonwealth Act No. 184, Oct. 28, 1946. (The Institute of
National Language was organized by Executive Order, Jan. 12,
1937.)
3. Adoption of Tagalog as the basis for the National Lan-
guage of the Philippines, by recommendation of the Institute
of National Language, to take effect Dec. 30, 1939.—Executive
Order No. 13U by President Manuel L. Quezon, Dec. 30, 1937.
4. An appropriation of P100,000 was approved for the Na-
tional Language Institute—Commonwealth Act 333, June 18,
1938. (This appropriation, however, was made available only
until 1940. After t h a t . . . the Budget for 1941 was P35,26§.)
5. The Filipino National Language is declared as one of
the official languages of the Philippines, effective July 4, 1946.
—Commonwealth Act No. 570, June 7, 1940.
6. Statement by President Sergio Osmena, April 2, 1946:
"No backward step will be taken by the administration in con-
nection with the National Language."
[Note: During the Japanese Occupation, the National Lan-
guage was given emphasis in the schools, in society, and over
the radio. There was a Military Administration Decree on the
National Language and there were several Executive Order*
and Ministry of Education Circulars.]

xxii
A 1 Across

A
A, art. isa (one) usually with -ng: ACCOMPANY, v. to go with, su-
isdng. A man, isdng too. mama; samahan; (in music) su-
A B A N D O N , v. to leave, iwan; maliw, salhvan.
forsake, pabayaan. ACCOMPLISH, v. to fulfill, tupa-
A B I D E , v. to wait for, maghin- rin; complete, ganapin.
tdy; dwell, reside, tumird. ACCORDING TO, prep, ayqn sa.
ABILITY, n. kakayahdn. ACCORDINGLY, adv. kayd; ka-
A B L E , adj. maykaya. y a nga.
ABODE, n. home, tdhanan; resi- A C C O U N T , v. to take into ac-
dence, tirahan. count, ipagpalagdy; answer for,
ABOLISH, v. to take away, ali- managot; give an explanation
sint kaltasin. for, magpaliwanag; ipaliwanag.
ABOUT, adv. nearly, halos; more n. debt, utang, pagkakautang;
or less, humigit-kumulang.— record, told; report, ulat; expla-
prep, concerning, hinggil sa, natory statement, s a lay say, pa-
tungkol sa, liwanag, palinaw.
ABOVE, adv. sa itads; ojn top, A C C U S E , v. (in a l a w court)
sa ibabaw—prep, on top of, sa magsakddl; isakddl; (to a s u -
ibabaw ng—Above all, higit sa perior) magsumbong; isumbdng,
lahdt. (falsely) magbintdng; pagbtri-
ABRIDGE, v. paikliin. tangdn.
ACCUSTOM, v. (oneself) magbi-
ABROAD, adv. in other countries,
hasd, magsanay; t o become ac-
sa ibdng bansd; out-of-doors, customed, mabihasa, masanay,
sa labds. mahirati.
A B S E N T , adj. wald. He is ab- A C H E , v. sumakit.—n. sakit.
sent, Wold siyd. A C K N O W L E D G E , v. to recog-
ABSOLUTE, adj. positive, com- nize (as authority) kilalanin;
plete, lubos, gandp. (as true) pananggctpdn'
A B U N D A N T , adj. sag ana, wifl. A C Q U A I N T , v. to inform, ipa-
sag ana. talosf ipabatid.
A B U S E , v. to treat badly or A C Q U A I N T A N C E , n. ( a person
cruelly, magmalupit; pagmama- one knows slightly) kakilala;
lupit; pagmalupitdn; take undue knowledge, kaalamdn, kabati-
advantage, magmalabis. ran.
ACCENT, n. (Gram.) tuldik. A C Q U I R E , v. (by self-exertion)
Acute a., tuldik na pahilis; mdtamo, makuha; (by pur-
grave a., tuldik na paiwa; cir- chase) mdbili; (by inheritance)
cumflex a., tuldik na pakupyd. indmana.
ACCEPT, v. tumanggdp; tang- ACROSS, adv. patawid, pakabUa.
gapin. —prep, sa kabild ng, sa ibayo
ACCIDENT, n. sakund. vg.
Act 2 Agitator

A C T , n. deed, gawd (in a s t a g e A D V E R T I S E , v. mag-anunsiyo,

p l a y ) yugto; (of l a w ) batds; Sp.
motion, galdw, kilos.—v. to per- A D V E R T I S E M E N T , n. anHnsiyo,
form, gumandp; do, make, gu~ Sp.
mawd; move, gumaldw, kwmi- ADVICE, n. counsel, payo; noti-
I08. fication, pahiwatig.
A C T I O N , see Act, n. A D V I S E , v. counsel, magpayo,
A C T I V E , a d j . quick, maliksi; pagpayuhan.
alive, buhdy; lively, masigld. ADVISER, n. tagapayo.
— a . voice (Gram.) tinig tdha- A F F A I R , n. a matter, bagcuy; a
san. concern, pdkialamin. — Private
ACTOR, n. (in general) artista, a., saHling kapakandn; public
Sp. a., kapakandng-bayan; love a.,
A C T U A L , adj. tunay; present, paldsintahan.
kasalukuyan. A F F E C T , v. (well) makabuti;
A C U T E , adj. malubhd; talamdk. (badly) makasamd; to cause
A D A P T , v. iagpdng, ibagay. anger, makagalit; cause pleas-
A D D , v. rwagdagddg, idagddg; ure, makalugod.
(together) pagsamahin. A F F E C T I O N , n. a feeling of love,
A D D I T I O N , n. pagdaragddg; pag- pag-ibig; a great fondness, pzg-
giliw.
saswm<a.
A D D R E S S , n. direksiydn, S p . ; A F F I D A V I T , n. sworn state-
ment, apidabit, Lat.; panunum-
residence, tinittrahdn. —• v. to
talk, kausapinin; deliver a speech, AFTTORD, pd; alusithd, O.T.
v. to have money
magtalumpati.
enough to buy, makabili; ma-
A D M I R A T I O N , n. paghanga. kakayang bumili.—Can't afford,
A D M I R E , v. humanga; hangaan. di-kaya.
A D M I T , v. to allow to enter, pa- A F R A I D , adj. takot, natdtakot.
pasukin; acknowledge, panang-
A F T E R , prep, (used with a per-
gapdn. son or thing) pagkatapos ng;
A D O P T , v. ( a child) ampunin.
(with the name of a person)
A D O R E , V. sumamba; sambahin. pagkatapos ni; (with time)
A D U L T , adj.-n. matandd; may- pagkaraan ng.
gtdang. A F T E R N O O N , n. hapon.
A D V A N C E , n. progress, pagsu- AGAIN, adv. uli, muli.
long, pag-unldd.—v. to go for- AGAINST, prep, laban sa.
ward ahead of others, magpd- AGE, n. length of time lived, gu-
und, umuna. lang; eddd, Sp.; period of time,
A D V A N C E D , adj., progressive, panahon.—Of legal a., may ka-
mastdong; made or given ahead rampatang gulang; of minor a.,
of others or time, pdund. batd pa; wald pa sa eddd.'
A D V A N T A G E , n. bentaha, S p . ; A G E N T , n. ahehte, Sp.
(superiority) kahigtdn. AGITATE, v. to shake, kalugin;
A D V E N T U R E , n. experience, ka- excite, manulsol, sulsuldn.
mnasan. AGITATOR, n. mdnunulsol.
Agony 3 Ancestor
AGONY, n. last sufferings of a ALREADY, adj. na.
dying person or animal, paghi- ALSO, adv. din, rin, man, namdn;
hingalo; extreme suffering, pag- including, pati.
hihirap. ALTAR, n. damband; altdr, Sp.
AGREE, v. to assent, umayon: ALTHOUGH, conj. bagamd*t (bo-
consent, pumayag. gamdn at); kahit, kdhit na.
AGREEABLE, adj. pleasing, na- ALTOGETHER, adv. wholly, Zu-
kalulugdd. bds, gandp.
AGREEMENT, n. kdsunduan. ALWAYS, adv. lagt, lagt na; pa-
AGRICULTURE, n. agrikultura, lagi, palagi na; parati, pardti
Sp.; pagsasaka.
AHEAD, adv. in front, nasa-una- AM, see BE, v.
hdn; leading, nangunguna.—Go AMAZE, v. to astonish greatly,
ahead (go on), Sige na, SI., Sp.; papagtakahin:
magpatuloy ka. AMBASSADOR, n. sugb; repre-
AID, n. tulong; succor, saklolo; sentative, deputy, kinatawdn.
contribution, ambdg; abuloy. AMBIGUOUS, adj. di-malinaw;
AIM, n. purpose, hangdd, hdnga- taluhimig.
rin; object, layon, pakay; act AMBITION, n. ambisyon, Sp.;
of pointing a firearm, pagtudld, eager desire to improve one-self,
pagtutok.—v. a. a firearm at, paghahangdd, hdngarin; aim or
itudld, ttutok. object for which one strives, la-
AIR, n. wind, hangin; tune, himig. yunin, pita.
A. mail, palipdd-sulat.—v. ex- AMBITIOUS, adj. mapaghangdd,
pose to the a., pahanginan. mapaglayony mapagpita.
AISLE, n. space between, pagitan. AMBULANCE, n. ambulansiyd,
ALARM, n. fear, takot, pangam- Sp.
bd; warning of danger, hudydt AMEND, v. susugan, to alter, 6o-
ng panganib. guhin.
ALIEN, n. & adj. dayuhan; ta- AMENDMENT, n. susog, pagba-
gaibdng-bansd, banyaga. bago.
ALIKE, adj. magkatulad. AMERICA, n. Amirikd, Sp.-Eng.
ALIVE, adj. buhdy; maybuhay. AMERICAN, adj. & n., Amerika-
ALL, pron. lahdt. no, Sp.
ALLEGIANCE, n. pagkatig. AMONG, prep, in the midst of, sa
ALLOW, v. to permit, itulot; gitnd ng mga; in company with,
grant, igatvad. kasama ng mga.
ALMIGHTY, adj. makapangyari- AMOUNT, n. a sum, halagd; to-
han.—God Almighty, Diyos na tality, kabuudn.
Makapangyarihan. AMPLE, adj. large, malaki; plen-
ALMOST, adv. halos. ty, marami; extensive, malawak.
ALONE, adj. nag-iisd; only, la- AMUSE, v. (self) mag-aliw, mag-
mang, lang. libdng; (others) aliwin, liba-
ALOUD, adv. loudly, malakds; ngin.
out loud (in voice) pasigdw. AMUSEMENT, n. dliwan, liba-
ALPHABET, n. abakada, katiti- ngan.
kan; alpabeto, Sp. ANCESTOR, n. ninuno.
Anchor 4 Arm
A N C H O R , n. pasangit; sinipete.— A P P E A R A N C E , n. act of becom-
v. dumaong. ing visible, paglitdw; act of
A N C I E N T , adj. sinauna; sduna- coming out, paglabds; the look
hin. of a person or thing, any6; it-
A N D , corn, at; at sakO. sura, Sp.
A N G E L , n. anghel, Sp. A P P E T I T E , n. gana, Sp.
A N G E R , n. galit. A P P L E , n. mansanas, Sp.
A N G L E , ii. panulukan; corner, A P P L I C A N T , n. ang may kahili-
sulok. ngan.
A N G R Y , adj. galit. APPLICATION, n. petition, fil-
A N I M A L , n. hayop. ling, kahilingan.
A N K L E , n. buol; bukong-bukong. A P P L Y , v. to ask for, humiling,
A N N O U N C E , v. to make known
hilingin; put to practical use.
publicly, ihaydg.
ilapat; isagawd, gawin.
A N N O Y , v. to disturb by both-
ering, abalahin; vex, yamutin; A P P O I N T , v. hirangin; be ap-
pester, buwisitin. pointed, mdhirang.
A N N U A L , adj. tdunan; a year at A P P O I N T M E N T , n. act of ap-
a time, santdunan. pointing, paghirang; of having
ANOTHER,* pron. ibd; one more, been appointed, pagkdhirang;
isd pa. (the a. itself) nombramyento,
A N S W E R , n. sagot; reply, tu- Sp.
gon.—v. sumagot, sagutin; re- A P P R E C I A T E , v. to value, at
ply, tumugon, tugunin. true worth, magpahalagd, paha-
A N T , n. langgdm; guy am. lagahdn; enjoy intelligently, ka-
A N X I O U S , adj. deeply concerned, lugddn.
balisd. APPROACH, v. to draw near, lu-
A N Y , pron.-adj. alinmdn; anu- mapit.
mdn. APPROVE, v. to have a favor-
A N Y B O D Y , pron. sinumdn. able opinion, mabutihin, maga-
A N Y H O W , adv. papadnumdn. lingin; (legislative) pagtibayin.
A N Y W H E R E , adv. saanmdn; ka- APRON, n. apron, Eng.; dilantdl,
hit sadn. Sp.; tapi.
A P A R T , adv. bukod; hiwaldy. ARCHITECT, n. arkitekto, Sp.
A P A R T M E N T , n. aksesorya, Sp. AREA, n. lawak, laki, sukat ng
A P I E C E , adv. for each one, sa lupang may sandadng metrong
bawa't isa. parisukat.
A P P A R A T U S , n. aparato, Sp.; ARGUE, v. Qnangatwiran; to de-
tool, kasangkapan; equipment, bate with, makipagtalo.
kagamitdn. A R G U M E N T , n. katwiran; dis-
A P P A R E N T , adj. sa malas, sa cussion, debate, pagtatalo.
wan. A R I S E , v. bumangon; to spring
A P P E A L , v. to make a plea, ma- up, sumibol.
manhik; (Law) umapeld, Sp. ARITHMETIC, n. aritmetikd,
A P P E A R , v. to become visible, Sp.; paldtuusan, nc.
lumitdw; come out, lumabds. ARM, n. bisig; braso, Sp.
Armor 5 Attractive
ARMOR, n. balutl; kutamaya, Sp. A S S O C I A T E , n. companion, ka-
ARMY, n. hukbo. sama; partner (in business) ka-
AROUND, adv. & prep. sa pali- bakas; helper, assistant, katu-
bot, sa paligid. long.—adj. a s n.—v. sumama,
ARRANGE, v. ayusin, iayos. makisama; join t h i n g s together,
A R R A N G E M E N T , n. ayos. pagsamd-samahin.
A R R E S T , v. dumakip, dakpin; A S S O C I A T I O N , n. act of joining
to catch, humuli, hulihin. together, pagsasama-sama; cor-
ARRIVAL, n. pagdating. poration, sdmahan; korporas-
yon, Sp.; connection, kaugna-
ARRIVE, v. durnating.
yan.
ARROW, n. pana, tunod. A S S U M E , v. to take upon one-
ART, n. sining; arte, Sp. self, gampandn; suppose some-
ARTICLE, n. thing, bagay; sec- thing to be true, akalain.
tion, pangkdt; (for newspa- A S S U R E , v. to make sure or cer-
per or magazine) lathdlain; tain, tiyakin; siguruhin, Sp.
(Gram.) pantukoy. A S T O N I S H , see A M A Z E .
ARTIST, n. artista, Sp. A T , prep. sa.—at home, s a amin;
A S , adv. to the same amount (giv- sa atin.
en as prefix) kasing-, kasim-, A T T A C H , v. to fasten, ikabit;
kasin-.—conj. because, sapag- add to one end, idugtong.
kd't; since, yayamang.—prep. A T T A C K , v. sumalakay, salaka-
like,, tulad sa, gaya ng. yin; invade, lumusob, lusubin.
A S C E N D , v. to climb, umakydt.
A T T A I N , v. to gain, makuha,
ASH, A S H E S , n. ab6. mdtamo; achieve, magandp;
A S H A M E D , adj. nahihiyd, ndpa- reach, maabot.
pahiyd.
A T T E M P T , v. to make an effort,
ASHORE, adv. sa kati; sa pam-
pagpilitan; try to do, atuhin,
pdng.
umato.
A S I D E , adv. apart, bukod, hiwa-
A T T E N D , v. to w a i t upon, pag-
lay,—prep. a. from, bukod sa.
lingkurdn; care for, alagaan;
A S L E E P , adj. natutulog. be present, dumalo.
A S S E M B L E , v. magtipun-tipon. A T T E N D A N T , n. waiter, taga-
ASSEMBLY, n. pagtitipon; (leg- paglingkod; sirbiyente, Sp.;
islative) kapulungan. helper, katulong.
ASSIGN, v. to give as task to be A T T E N T I O N , n. careful listen-
done, ipagawd, ipatupdd; set ing, paglilimi; act of courtesy,
apart, iukol; (Law) transfer, paggalang, pamimitagan.
ilipat; grant, igawad. A T T I R E , n. clothes, damit, pana-
A S S I S T , v. to help, tumulong, tu- namit.
lungan; attend, be present, du- A T T O R N E Y , n. abugado, Sp.;
malo. mdnananggol.
A S S I S T A N C E , n. help, tulong; A T T R A C T , v. umakit, akitin.
presence, pagdalo. ATTRACTIVE, adj. kaakit-akit.
Audience 6 Banquet
A U D I E N C E , n. ang publiko, S p . ; A V E R A G E , n. a generally ac-
ang mga nakikinig; t h e spec- cepted standard, pdmantayan;
t a t o r s , ang mga nanonood. pdmantungan. — adj. ordinary,
A U G U S T , n. (month) Ag.osto, Sp. karaniwan.
— a d j . imposing, kapitd-pitagan* A V O I D , v. umilag, ilagan; urni-
ivas, iwasan.
A U N T , n. ale; tiyd, Sp. A W A I T , v. maghintdy, hintayin,
A U T H O R , n. ang maykathd; ang A W A Y , adv. far,' malayo.
may-akdd. A W E , n. solemn fear, sinddk; pa-
A U T H O R I T Y , n. power, kapang- ngingimi; reverence, pamimita-
yarihan; person with power of gan.
government, maykapangyarihan. A W F U L , adj. frightful, nakasi-
sinddk,
A U T O M O B I L E , n. awto, Lat. AX, A X E , n. palakol; (small)
A V E N U E , n. abenida, Sp. puthdtv.

B
B A B Y , n. infant, sanggol; small B A K E R Y , n. panaderya, Sp.j ti-
child, batang munti. napayan.
B A C K , n. likod; likurdn. BALCONY, n. balkont Sp.
B A C K W A R D , adv. toward the BALL, n. sphere, bilog; b. used
rear, paurong. in games, bolat Sp.; dance, sa-
B A C O N , n. tusino, Sp. yawan; baile, Sp.
B A D , adj. masamd. BALLOT, n. balota, Sp.
B A D G E , n. mark or sign, pald- BAMBOO, n. kawayan.
tandaan; (of m e t a l ) tsapa; (of B A N A N A , n. saging.
ribbon) laso, S p . ; symbol, sa- B A N D , n. that which binds, big-
gisag. kiSy tall; b. of musicians, banda
BAG, n. sack, sako, Sp., kustdl, ng musiko, Sp.
S p . ; pouch, supot; of reed, 6a- B A N D A G E , n. bindahe, Sp.; tall.
yong. B A N I S H , v. to condemn to exile,
BAGGAGE, n. dald-dalahan; eki- itapon; idestiyero, Sp.
pahey S p . BANK, n. rivershore, pampdng;
B A L A N C E , n. weighing appara- seashore, baybayin; financial in-
tus, timbangan; what is lack- stitution, bangko, Sp.
i n g to complete something, ka- B A N K E R , n. bangkero, Sp.
kulangdn; what is added, to B A N K R U P T , adj. hapay-puhu-
complete, kapupundn. nan; being in want, hikahos.
B A I L , n. ( L a w ) piyansa, Sp., la- B A N N E R , n. watawat; bandila,
gak*—v. piydnsahdn, Sp. Sp.
B A K E , v. lutuin sa hurno; iihaw B A N Q U E T , n. bangkete, Sp.; pi-
sa hurno. (Hurno, Sp.) gin g ; salu-salo.
Bar 7 Beard
BAR, n. long piece of solid mat- BASKET, n. basket, Eng. (There
ter (as a bar of iron) baras, are a number of native "bas-
Sp.; piece (as a bar of candy), kets" named after their sizes
piraso, Sp.; a barrier, hadldng, and shapes, as, bakdl, takuyan,
halang; liquor counter, bar, bilao, buslo, etc.)
Eng.; serbeserya, Sp.—v. to ob- BASKETBALL, n. basketbol,
struct, hadlangdn; bar (a door), Eng.
tarangkahdn; baraldn. BAT, n. (for baseball) bat, bet,
BARBER, n. barbero, Sp.; rnang- Eng.
gugupit. BATH, n. act of bathing, paliligb;
BARE, adj. without cover, wo- act of giving someone else a
Idng-takip; bareheaded, pugdy; bath, pagpapaligb; bathroom,
waldng-sumbrero; simple, un- banyo, Sp.; pdligudn.
adorned, lisding. BATHE, v. maligb.
BARGAIN, n. agreement, kdsun- BATTLE, n. combat, pagbabaka;
duan; buying or selling at low encounter, pagmumuok; fight,
price, baratilyo, Sp. laban, labandn.
BARK, n. (of trees) upak, talu- BAY, n. gulf, look.—at b., nasa-
kap; baldt; (of dog) kahol, ta- gipit, napipigipit.
hdl.—v. utter a bark (as a dog), BE, v. All forms of the verb "to
kumahol, tumahol. be" are ordinarily translated as
BARLEY, n. sibada, Sp. ay; to become, maging. (In
transposed sentences, ay is
BARN, n. kamalig; granary, 6a- omitted. I am a teacher, Ako ay
ngdn; baysd. guro. Guro ako.
BARREL, n. cask, bariles, Sp.; BEACH, n. baybayin; tabing-da-
(of a gun) baril, Sp. *jat.
BARREN, adj. rocky surface, BEAD, n. abaloryo, Sp.; (in a
without vegetation, palanas; in- necklace or rosary) butil.
fertile, pagdng; yaydt, paydt; BEAM, n. rays (of the sun, etc.)
unable to bear children, sterile, sinag; bar of balance, baras, S p ;
baog. braso, Sp.; supporting bar of
BASE, n. that part on which a wood or iron (in house construc-
thing rests, patungdn; founda- tion), barakilan, balakilari.
tion, pondo, Sp.—v. deduce from, BEAN, n. grain or legumes, bu-
ibatay, pagbatayan. til. Some native beans: sitaw,
BASEBALL, n. beisbol, Eng. bataw, paayap, patani, tapildn,
BASEMENT, n. equivalent to si- balatong (munggo), etc.
long; may be exactly translated BEAR, n. (animal) oso, Sp.—v.
as ilalim ng silong. to endure, matiis, mabatd; suf-
BASIC, adj. b. principle, pansU fer, magtiis, magbaid; be able
mulain; b. foundation, pinag- to sustain, support, maalalayan;
bdbatayan, saligdn. possess, magtagldy, taglayin,
BASIS, n. bataydn, pdmantungan; give birth, mangandk.
principle, simulain; source, ori- BEARD, n. balbds, Sp.; bungot,
gin, pinagmuldn. O.T.; (thick) yangot, O.T.
Bearer 8 Bell

B E A R E R , n. t h e person who B E G G A R , n. magpapalimos ; pu-

b e a r s s o m e t h i n g ( a s a letter of lube, Sp.
i n t r o d u c t i o n ) ang maydald. B E G I N , v . to s t a r t doing, mag-
B E A S T , n. a n i m a l , hay op; (wild) Simula; •mag-umpisd, Sp.; simu-
halimaw, ganid. ldny umpisahdn, Sp.
B E A T , v. t o hit, s t r i k e w i t h B E G I N N E R , n. baguhan; SI. ba-
blows, paluin, hampasin; (with gitb.
a club) bugbugin, bambuhin; de- B E G I N N I N G , n. Simula, pasimu-
f e a t , v a n q u i s h , talunin, dai- Id.
gin.—n. throb, tibok, kutob; B E H A V E , v. usually expressed
s t r o k e of sound, tunog, some- by t h e prefix magpaka-, fol-
times pintig. lowed by t h e m a n n e r behavior
BEAUTIFUL, adj. magandd; meant; magpakabuti, to b. well;
beauteous, marikit. magpakahusay, to b. in order-
B E A U T Y , n. gandd, kaganda- ly manner; magpakasamd, to b.
han; charm, dikit, kariktdn. badly, — or, act like, mag-•ugali
B E C O M E , v. maging; to befit, for good behavior and mag-asal
bumagay, mdbagay. for bad behavior, as, mag-uga-
B E C O M I N G , a d j . of p l e a s i n g fit- ling-mdginooy act like a gentle-
ness, bagay, man ; mag-asal-hayop, act like
a beast.
B E D , n. kama, katre, S p . ; (of
bamboo) papag; ( g e n e r a l ) hi- B E H I N D , p r e p . a t t h e back of,
gaan, tulugdn. sa likurdn ng; a t t h e r e a r of,
sa hulihdn ng.—adv. late, huli;
B E D B U G , n. surot.
atrasado, Sp.—to be left b., mai-
B E E , *i. honey b., lay wan; pukyu- wan.
tan; bumble b., bubuyog* B E H O L D , v. to look, . tumingin,
B E E F , n. karning-baka, Sp.; la- tingndn; fix t h e eyes upon,
man ng baka. — C a r a b a o b., malasin, pagmalasin, magma-
karning-kalabdw, lamdn ng Jca- las.—Behold! Tingndn mo /
labdw,
B E I N G , n. person, tao; personal-
B E E R , n. serbesa, S p . ity, katauhant pagkatao. ( F o r
B E E S W A X , u. pagkit. B E I N G , participle of "to be,"
B E F O R E , p r e p , i n f r o n t of, sa see B E . )
harapdn ng; preceding (in B E L F R Y , ]n. kampanaryo, Sp .; ba-
space, time, r a n k , etc.) sa una- tmgawdn
hdn ng.—adv. previously, nodng
una; in f r o n t , sa hardp; for- B E L I E F , n. paniniwala; faith,
merly, datiy dati-rati. — con j. creedi pananampalataya.
e a r l i e r t h a n , bago, bago pa. B E L I E V E , v. maniwalh.
B E G , v. (for a l m s ) magpalimds: B E L L , n. kampand, Sp.; bati-
to beseech, mamanhik. paman- ngdw; (small) kampanilya , S p . ;
hikdn. kuliling.
Belong 9 Bishop

BELONG, v. does not have ex- B E V E R A G E , n. any kind of

act correspondence. That book drink (but not water) inumin;
belongs to me. Aug akldt na water to drink, inumin.
iydn ay akin. (That book is BEWARE, v. mag-ingat, pag-
mine).—I belong here. Dito ako ingatan; mangilag, pangilagan.
kabilang. B E Y O N D , prep, on the farther
BELOVED, adj. n. mahdl, mind- side of, sa dako pa roon ng; on
mahdl; irog, iniirog; sintd, si- the other side of, sa kabild ng;
nisintd. (of a body of water, a s a r i v e r )
BELOW, prep, beneath, sa ilalim sa ibayo ng.
ng; in a position below another, B I B L E , n. Blblia, gp.; Holy
sa ibabd ng.—adv. under, sa Scriptures, Banal na Kasula-
ilalim; downstairs, sa silong, sa tdn; Old Testament, -Matan-
lupd. ddng Tipdn: N e w Testament,
BELT, n. sinturdn. Sp.; cloth hand Bagong Tipdn.
around waist, bigkis; strip for BICYCLE, n. bisikleta, Sp.
pulleys, korea, Sp. B I D , v. to propose as price for
BENCH, n. bangkot Sp. something, magturing, tumu-
B E N D . v. to curve, hubugin; hu- ring, tunngan; command, mag-
tukin; make crooked, baluktutin. utos, utusan, pag-utusan.—to
B E N E A T H , see BELOW. b. goodbye, magpaalam. — n.
BENEDICTION, n. bendisyon, amount offered, turing; amount
Sp.; basbdst n c given a s counter offer w h e n
B E N E F J T , n. profit, pakinabong; buying, tawad; call in a card
(in someone's favor) kapakina- game, tawag; bet, pustd, S p .
bangdn. BIG, a d j . malaki.
B E S I D E , prep, near, sa tabi ng; BILL ? n. beak, tufcd; bank note,
sa piling ng. papel-de-bangko, Sp.; draft of a
B E S I D E S , adv. more, pa; more- proposed law, panukalang-ba-
over. bukdd sa roon (rito, ri- tds; statement of account, tald-
utangan, nc.; collection state-
ydn) ; in addition, at sakd; pati,
ment, pasingil; list of merchan-
din (rin). dise purchased, taldbilihan, nc.;
BEST, adj. (sup.) pinakamabuti; poster, kartelon, Sp.
pinakamagaling. B I N D , v. to tie together or tie u p ,
BESTOW, v. to award, ipagkalo- talian, itall; (into a bundle)
ob, pdgkaloobdn; confer, igawad, bigkisin, bigkisdn; make into a
gawaran. book, aklatin.
BETRAY, v. magkdnulo, ipagkd- BIOGRAPHY, n. taldmbuhay, nc.
nulo, pagkdnuluhdn. BIRD, n. ibon.
BETTER, adj. (comp.) lalong B I R D ' S - E Y E , adj. tandw-ibon, nc.
mabuti; lalong magaling; la- B I R T H D A Y , n. anniversary, ka-
long maigi. jarawan.
B E T W E E N , prep, sa pagitan ng B I S C U I T , n. biskuwit, Sp.
—adv. sa pagitan. B I S H O P , n. obispo, Sp.
Bit 10 Bold
B I T , n. a small piece, kapyangot; BLOOM, n. blossom, flower, bu-
munting piraso, Sp. lakldk.—v. to blossom, mamu-
B I T E , v. kumagdt, kagatin. lakldk, bumulakldk.
B I T T E R , adj. mapait; harshly b., BLOT, n. stain, bahid; mansd,
masakldp. Sp.; blemish, dungis, lahid.—v.
BLACK, adj. Mm, maitim. to stain, bahiran; mantsahdn,
B L A C K B O A R D , n. pisara, Sp. Sp.; to dry with a blotter, si-
B L A C K S M I T H , n. panddy. kantihdn, Sp.
B L A D D E R , n. pantog. BLOTTER, n. blotting paper, si~
kante, Sp.
B L A D E , n. (of cutting tools) ta- BLOUSE, n. blusa, Sp.
lim; (of grass) uhay. BLOW, n. hampds; (with a club)
B L A M E , n. reproof, paninisi; re- bugbog; (of wind or air) hiliip:
sponsibility, pananagot, pand- (hammerlike) pukpok; (succes-
gutan, kapandgutan; fault, ma- sive blows) asdd.—v. to move
il ; sala. — v. reprove, sisihin; (as the wind does), humihip; af-
place responsibility for some- fect by blowing (as, blow the
thing wrong, papanagutin. dust off, blow a bugle, etc.), hi-
B L A N K , adj. free from writing
. or print, waldng-sulat. — n. B L U E , adj. asul, Sp.; bughdw.
spaces in which to write some- B L U F F , n. pretense, kalndastu-
thing ( a s in an objective t e s t ) , gdn; steep bank, dalisdh; pre-
puwdng; form to be filled, em- cipice, bangin.—v. to deceive or
blangko, S p . ; pormularyo, Sp.;* frighten by bluffing, mamidas-
blangk, E n g . tog, bulastugin.
B L A N K E T , n. manta, S p . ; bed B L U S H , v. mamuld. *
cover, kumot; blangket, E n g . BOARD, n. a piece of timber, ta-
B L A Z E , n. liydb; alab; ding as, bid; committee, lupon. — b. and
ningas. l o d g i n g , pangangasera, Sp.;
B L E E D , v. dumugo, magdugo; ride a vehicle, sumakdy.
cause to b., paduguin. BOAST, v. maghambog; magoan-
B L E S S , v. bindisyundn, Sp.; mag- sdg; magyabdng.
bindisyon, Sp.; to give blessings, B O A S T F U L , adj. hambog; maya-
magbasbc,s, basbasdn. bang.
B L E S S I N G , B L E S S I N G S , n. bi- BOAT, n. bankd, lunddy.
yayd; paid; basbds. BODY, n. katawdn, — Dead b.,
bangkdy.
B L I N D , a d j . buldg.
BOIL, n. furuncle, pigsd; state of
B L I N D F O L D , n. piring. — v.
ebullition, pagkido.—v. to boil
(self) magpiring; (others) pi-
or reach the boiling point, ku-
ringdn.
' mulo; to heat to the boiling
B L I S T E R , n. (caused by burns) point, pakuluin; to cook in boil-
paltos; (caused by friction) ing water, pakuludn.
lintos. BOLD, adj. daring, pangahds; au-
BLOOD, n. dugo. dacious, madaluhong; intrepid,
BLOODY, a d j . madugo. majnisok.
 Bolt 11 Breadth
BOLT, n. metal pin or rod, bardl, B O U N D L E S S , a d j . unlimited,
Sp.; threaded metal pin, tornil- waldng-hanggdn.
yo, Sp.; roll of cloth, rolyo, Sp.; B O U Q U E T , n. tungkos; bukey,
piyesa, Sp.; lulon, balumbon. Fr.
BOMB, n. bomba, Sp. BOW, n. forward inclination gf
BOND, n. anything that binds or the head, pagtungo; act of
confines, tali, bigkis, gapos; a stooping, pagyuko; (in greeting:
binding force or influence, 7ca- or respect) pagyukod; weapon
isahdn, pagkakdisd; bail, piyan- m shooting arrows, busog, pama-
sa, Sp.; guarantee, akd; pledge, " na; string rod (for violint, e t c . ) ,
sangld. panghilis; arko, Sp.—v. to in-
BONE, n. buto.—fish b., tinik n g cline the head forward , f a c e
isdd. — f. bone stuck in the downward, tumungo; to stoop,
throat, bikig. yumuko; (in greeting or show-
B O N N E T , n. bunete. Sp.; gora, ing respect) yumukod.
Sp. BOWER, n. temporary shady
BOOK, n. akldt; libro, Sp. shelter, habong; arbor, kalan-
BOON, n. utang na lodb. dong, O.T.; (for vegetables) ba-
BOOTBLACK, n. limpyabota, Sp. lag.
BORDER, n. outer part or edffe, BOWL, n. mangkdk, Ch.; l a r g e
margin, gilid; boundary, hang- cup, sulydw.
ganan; sides, tabihdn. BOX, n. kahon, Sp.; kaha, Sp.
BORE, v. to pierce or drill a hole, BOXER, n. pugilist, boksingero,
bumutas, magbutas; butasin. Eng.-Sp.
n. hole, butas. BOXING, n. boksing, Eng.
BORROW, v. humirdm* manghi- BOY, n. male child, batang lalaki;
rdm; hiramin. houseboy, bataan, utusdn,; mut-
BOSOM, n. breast, dibdib; the in- satso, Sp.
side, innermost, sinapupunan. B R A C E L E T , n. pulseras, S p . ; ga-
BOSS, n. foreman, kdtiwala; chief, langgalangdn, nc.
puno; employer, panginoon. B R A I D , n. weave of reeds, lala;
BOTANY, n. Botdnikd, Sp.; pald- plait of hair, tirintds, S p . ;
halamanan, nc. weave of textile, habi.
BOTH, pron. kapwa. B R A I N , B R A I N S , n. utak.
BOTHER, v. to annoy, yamutin; B R A K E , n. preno, S p . ; pampati-
to trouble, ligaligin.—n. annoy- gil, nc.; pampahinto, nc.
ance, yamot, kaydmutan; trou- B R A N C H , n. sang a.
ble, ligalig, gulo; fuss, pagpa- B R A N D , n. mark burned in,, hero,
pakaabala. Sp.; trade mark, markd , S p . ;
BOTTLE, n. bote, Sp.; botelya, burning piece of wood, di ijwng.
Sp. B R A S S , n. tanso.
BOTTOM, n. ilalim; ship, bapor, 'BRAVE), adj. matapang; heroic,
Sp.; samkydng-dagat. magiting. See BOLD.
BOUGH, n. a tree branch, sang a. B R E A D , n. iinapay.
BOUNDARY, n. hang ganan; pa- B R E A D T H , n. luivuvg: extent of
lihot, paligid: kabalantdy. width, la pad.
Break 12 Burglar
BREAK, v. sirain.—n. sira. BROWN, n./adj. (of human skin)
BREAKFAST, n. almusdl, Sp.; kayumanggi. Shades of brown
agahan. are given by kulay plus known
'BREAST, n. dibdib. brown material, as, kulay-kape,
coffee-brown; kulay-kaki, khaki-
BREATH, n. hiningd; expiration brown, etc.
of b., king a; paghingd. BRUISE, n. a black-and-blue spot
BREATHE, v. humingd.—to b. in- on the body, caused by a blow,
to, hiHgahdn. pasd.
BREED, n. race or strain, lahu BRUSH, n. sepilyo, Sp.—tooth-b.,
—half-b., mestiso, Sp.; balugd, panghiso, sipan.
O.T. BRUTE, adj. hay op; halimaw; ga-
BREEZE, n. (soft) simoy. nid.
BRICK, n. laryo, Sp.; ladrilyo, BUBBLE, n. buld.
Sp. BUCKET, n. pail, balde, Sp.
BRIDE, n. nobya, Sp. BUD, n. buko.
BRIDEGROOM, n. nobyo, Sp. BUDGET, n. badyet, Eng.
BRIDESMAID, n. abay. BUG, n. insect, kulisap, nc.
BRIDGE, n. tuldy. BUGLE, n. kurnetin, Sp.; hunts-
man's horn, tambuli; alakdn,
BRIDLE, n. (of horse) kabisada, nc.
Sp. BUILD, v. magtayo, itayo.
B R I E F , ad. maikli; maigsi. BULB, n. electric b., bombilya,
BRIGHT, adj. shining", makindng; Sp.
polished, makintdb; BULK, n. mass, laki.
intelligent,
matalino. BULL, n. toro, Sp.
BRING, v. to fetch, dalhin; mag- BULLETIN, n. buletin, Eng.; re-
dcild. port, ulat; news, balita.
BRITTLE, adj. malutong. BUMP, n. a swelling, bukol; a col-
lision, bunggoy banggd; (of the
BROAD, adj. maluwdng, mala-
head) umpog, untdg.
pad; extensive, malawak. BUNCH, n. (of fruits) buwig,
BROKEN, adj. sird; basdg. langkdy; (of flowers and leaves)
BRONZE, n. yellow brass, tan- kumpoL
song dildw. BUNDLE, n. (tied) bigkis, tali;
BROOK, n. ilug-ilugan; batis;
package, bastd; pakete, Sp.;
sapa. (wrapped in cloth or paper) ba-
BROOM, n. waits. lutan.
BROTH, n. sabdw; soup, sopas, BURDEN, n. load, daldt ddlahin;
Sp. kargd, Sp.; kargahin, Sp.; (on
BROTHER, n. kapatid na lalakL shoulder) pasdn; (on head) su-
—b.-in-law, bay aw. nong; (carried by hand) bitbit;
BROTHERHOOD, n. kdpatiran. (under the arm) kipkip.
BROW, n. forehead, nod; eyebrow, BURGLAR, n. manloloob; thief,
kilay. magnanakaw.
Burial 13 Campaign
B U R I A L , n. interment, paglili- B U T C H E R , n. magapapatay; meat
bing. vendor, magkakamc, S p . ; uid-
B U R N , n. paso; scalding, paltoa. nagangatay.
—v. to b., sunugin. B U T T E R , n. mantvkilyn, Sp.
B U R S T , v. to break open sudden- B U T T E R F L Y , n. puruparO; mot Si,
ly, tumilapon; sumambulat; ex- paparo, aliparo.
plode, pumutok. B U T T O N , n. bntoitoH, Sp.
B U R Y , v. ( a dead body) ilibing; B U T T O N H O L E , n. uliulea; Sp.
(a thing) ibaon. B U Y , v. bumiU; ( m a n y t h i n g s )
VtaVlili.
B U S I N E S S , n. occupation, t r a d e , B U Y E R , n. wdwimili.
hanapbuhay; commercial opera- BUZZ, n. hum, ngong.
tion, kalakal, pangangalakal; BY, prep, near, sa tab) ng; in, on,
one's affairs, abal, abal-abal, nc. a t , sa; (indicating t h e doer of
BUSY, adj. may gindgawd; abald. a p a s s i v e ) , ni ng (pi. iiinu, ng
BUT, prep, except, kundi.—conj. mga) ; t h r o u g h , sa pamamagi-
nguni't, subali't, ddtarpwd't. tan ng; because of, dahil xa.

c
CABARET, n. sdyawan; kabaret, CALAMITY, n. sakiina.
Fr. C A L C U L A T E , v. kalkulahin, S p . ;
CABBAGE, n. repolyo, Sp. tayahin,
CABIN, n. (native) kubo; dam- C A L E N D A R , n. kalindaryo, Sp.;
pa; in a boat, kamarote, Sp. taldarawan.
CABINET, n. case or cupboard CALF, n. (of cattle) guyd; bisiro,
for keeping or displaying jew- Sp.; (of leg) binti.
els, eskaparate, Sp., estutse, Sp.; CALL, v. summons, tawag; for-
advisory group, gabinete, Sp. mal visit, dalaw.—v. to sum-
CABLE, n. kable, Sp.; cablegram, mon, turriawag, tawagin, tawa-
pahatid-kawad; kablegrama, Sp. gan; to visit, dumalaw.
CACAO, n. kakdw. CALM, adj. serene, panatag; un-
CACTUS, n. hagdambato. excited, mahinahon; quiet, ta-
CADENCE, n. rhythm, indayog. himik; no noise, waldng-ingay;
CADET, n. kadete, Sp. motionless, waldng-kibo.
CAGE, n. kulungdn; hawla, Sp. CAMP, n. kampo, Sp.; himpilan,
CAKE, n*keik, Eng.—rice c , bi- nc.
bingka.—rice c. with dough, puto. CAMPAIGN, n. kampanya, Sp.
Can 14 Cave
CAN, n. tin cylindrical container, CARE, n. caution, alaga; ingai;
lata, Sp.—v. (aux.) to be able attention, limt; asikaso, Sp.
to, expressed by ma- and maka-, CAREER, n. karera, Sp.
in the present tense form, as CAREFUL, adj. maingat; maala-
from makuha — nakukuha, can ga.
be obtained; from, makabili,—
nakabibili, can buy. CARELESS, adj. bulagsdk; wa-
CANAL, n. kandl, Sp.; ditch, Idng-ingat; pabaya.
bambdng; taguling. CARGO, n. load, dald; kargd, Sp.;
CANDIDATE, n. kandidato, Sp. merkansiya, Sp.
CANDLE, n. kandild, Sp. CARICATURE, n. karikatura, Sp.
CANDY, n. kendi, Eng. CARPENTER, n. karpinterot Sp.;
CANE, n. walking stick, baston, anluwage.
Sp.; tungkod —sugar c , tubo. CARPET, n. alpombra, Sp.
CANNON, n. kanyon, Sp. CARRIAGE, n. vehicle, karwahe,
CANTALOUPE, n. nulong bilog Sp.; grace of movement, bikas;
(round melon). tikaa:
CANVAS, n. kanbas, Eng., balin- CARRY, v. magdald, dalhin.—to
ddng. c< on, magpatuloy, ipagpatuloy.
CAP, n. headgear, gora, Sp.; bot- •—to c. out, isagawd, isakatupa-
tle cover, panakip; gunpowder ran.
in paper, permmante, Sp.; pa- CART, n. kariton, Sp.
putok. CASE, n. a box, kahon, kafia;
CAPABLE, adj. having ability, (Law), c. in court, usapin;
may-kaya. (Gram.) kaukuldn; situation,
CAPE, n. wrap, abrigo, Sp.; head- lagdy, tayo.
land (narrow) lungos; (short) CASH, n. ready money, salaping
imus; (high) tangos; (wide and hawak.
long) tangwdy. CASHIER, n. kahero, Sp.; pay-
CAPITAL, n. amount used in run- master, tagabayad.
ning a business, puhunan.; c. CASTLE, n. kastityo, Sp.
city, ulunlunsod; c. letter, ma- CAT, n. pusa.
laking titik.—c. punishment, pa-
rusang kamdtayan. CATALOG, n. list, tdlaan; lista-
CAPITOL, n. kapitolyo, Sp. han, Sp.; (of merchandise) ka-
CAPTIVE, n. bihag. tdlogo, Sp.; taldkalakal, nc.
CAPTURE, v. bumihag, bihagin, CATCH, v. to make captive, huli-
—to be captured, mdbthag.—to hin; bihagin; arrest, dakpin.
be able to c , mabihag. CATHEDRAL, n. katedrdl, Sp.
CAR, n. kotse, Sp. CAUSE, n. reason for, sanhi: da-
CARABAO, n. kalabdw; anu- hil, dahildn; source, pinagmu-
tvdng; damulag. Idn, mula.
CARD, n. stiff pasteboard, kartdn, CAVE, CAVERN n. (natural)
Sp.—Personal c , tarheta, Sp.— yungib; (of reptiles, etc.) lung-
playing c , baraha, Sp. gd.
Ce a s e 15 Checkerboard
C E A S E , v. tumigil; reduce inten- C H A N G E , n. alteration, pagbaba-
sity then stop altogether, hu- go; variation, pag-iibd; amount
mumpdy; maghumpay; maglu- of money (over amount of pur-
bdy. c h a s e ) , sukli; loose c , baryd,
CEILING, n. kisame. muldy.—v. to alter, baguhin;
CELEBRATE, v. magdivtang; vary, ibahin; renew, replace,
ipagdiwang. palitdn, halinhdn.
CELERY, n. (Bot.) kintsdy, Ch. C H A N N E L , n. passageway, cfo-
CELL, n. room, silid; selda, Sp.; andn; place over which w a t e r
(Biol.) seluld, Sp. — Prison c , flows, pdagusdn; rain pipe, alu-
pvitdn, bilangguan. lod; ditch, bambdng; canal, ka-
CEMENT, n. simento, S p . nal, Sp.
CEMETERY, n. libingan; semen- CHAOS, n. disorder, gulo; confu-
teryo, pantiyon, Sp. sion, ligalig; (personal) lingga-
tong.
C E N S U S , n. senso, Sp.
C H A P E L , n. kapilya, S p . ; tuk-
C E N T , n. sentimos, Sp.; pera. long, bisita, Sp.
(One U.S. cent is equivalent to
C H A P T E R , n. kabanata; (branch
two centavos, sentimos, pera, in
the Philippines. of a society), sangdy, balangdy.
CENTER, n. gitnd; middle point, C H A R A C T E R , n. distinguishing
kaldgitnaan. quality, katdngian; letter of al-
phabet, titik.
C E N T U R Y , n. dantaon. CHARGE, n. price asked for a n
CEREMONY, n. seremonya, Sp.; object, halagd; singil;- accusa-
pagdiriwang. tion, sakddl, habld; a person or
CERTAIN, adj. definite, tiydk; thing under one's responsibility,
true, tunay, to too.—I am cer- alagd; responsibility, panandgu-
tain, Ako'y nakatitiydk. tan.
CERTAINLY, adv. that's so, s£- C H A R I T Y , n. kawanggawd.
yanga; oo ngd. CHARM, n. halina, panghalina;
CERTIFICATE, n. katibayan; pang-akit.
alusithd, O.T.; sertipiko, Sp.; CHARMING, adj. kahali-lialina;
sertipiket, Eng. kaakit-akit.
CHAIN, n. tanikald; kadena, Sp. C H A S E , v. to pursue, habulin;
CHAIR, n. silya, Sp.; upuan, lik- pagatin.
muan, luklukan. C H A U F F E U R , n. tsuper, F r .
CHAIRMAN, n. pangulo. C H E A P , adj. low priced, mura:
CHALK, n. yeso, Sp. common, karaniwan; of no v a l -
CHALLENGE, n. hamon.—v. ha- ue, walang-halagd.
munin, manghamon. C H E A T , v. magdayd, dayain.
CHAMPION, n. kampeon, Sp. CHECK, n. bank order for c a s h ,
CHANCE, n. pagkakdtaon.—By tseke, Sp.; mark showing some-
c , nagkdtaon.—There's no c , t h i n g h a s been noted, tsek, E n g . ;
waldng pag-asa.—To take a c , gurlit, n c , tiydk.
magbakdsakali. C H E C K E R B O A R D , n. damah&n*
 Checkers 16 Classmate

C H E C K E R S , n. (game of) dama, CHOP, v. to cut (with an ax) si-

Sp. bakin; (into pieces) pagpird-pi-
C H E E K , n. pisngi. rasuhin; (finely) tadtarin.
C H E E R , n. gaiety, say a; mirth, CHRIST, n. Kristo, Sp.
tuwd; joy, galdk; applause, pa- CHRISTIAN, n. & adj. kristiyano,
lakpak.—v. to encourage, pasig- Sp.; binyagan.
lahin; console, aliwin; gladden,
pasayahin; applaud, pumalak- CHRISTMAS, n. Pasko, Sp.
pak, palakpakan. CHURCH, n. simbahan.
C H E E S E , n. keso, Sp. CIGAR, n. tabako, Sp.
C H E M I S T , n. kimiko, Sp. CIGARETTE, n. sigarilyo, Sp.
C H E S S , n. ahedres, Sp. CIRCLE, n. bilog; balangkdt, nc.
C H E S T , n. breast of fowls or ani-
CIRCULAR, adj. rounded, bilugdn
m a l s , pitsdy Sp.; human breast,
—n. letter sent around, palibot-
dibdib; box, kahon; kaha, S p . ;
wooden box with lid, kabdn, sulat.
haul, Sp. C I R C U M F E R E N C E , n. kabilugan,
C H E S T N U T , n. kastanyas, Sp. paligid, palibot.
CIRCUMFLEX, adj. (Gram.) c.
C H E W , v. to masticate, nguyain;
accent, tuldik na pakupyh
(cut or quid) ngatain; ("buyo")
yigumanga, CIRCUS, n. sirko, Sp.
C H I C K E N , n. mariok,—Wild c, CITIZEN, n. mdmamaydn.
labuyb. CITIZENSHIP, n. pagkamdma-
C H I E F , n. punb. maydn.
C H I L D , n. batd. CITY, n. lunsod; siyudddt Sp%
CHILDHOOD, n. youth, kabata- CIVIC, adj. pang mdmamaydn.
CLTlm
CHILL, n. g i n a w ; (malaria) ngi- CIVIL, adj. pambayan; sibil, Sp.
kiy pangiki; kaligkig. CIVILIZATION, n. kabihasndn;
C H I N , n. babd. culture, kalinangdn.
CHOCOLATE, n. sikulate, Sp. CIVILIZED, adj. may-kabihas-
CHOICE, n. that which is chosen, ndn; cultured, may-kalinangdn.
ang pinili; ang hinirang. — adj. CLAIM, v. to ask, hingin; hili-
selected, piVty hirang; especially ngin.—n. hingi, hiling.
good, mainam.
CLAM, n. kabibi.
CHOIR, n. koro, Sp.
C H O K E , v. to strangle, sakalin; CLASH, n. conflict, sdlungatan;
clog, block up, pasakan; sup- fight, labandn; paglalaban; col-
press, timpiin.—Be choked a t lision, salpukan; banggaan; op-
the throat, mdhirinan. position, tunggdlian.
C H O K E D , adj. clogged, may-pa- CLASP, n. catch to fasten things
sak. together, ipit.
C H O L E R A , n. kolerd, Sp. CLASS, h. klase, Sp.; kind, ari.
C H O O S E , v. select, pumili, ma- CLASSMATE, n. kaklase, Sp.; ka-
milx; piliin. araL
Clause 17 Cod
CLAUSE, n. (Gram.) sugnay; CLOTH, n. damit.
item in a document, takd'h—. CLOTHE, v. (oneself), magdamit,
Principal c , punong sugnay.— magbihis; ( o t h e r s ) damtdn, bi-
Independent c , sugnay.—Sub- hisan.
ordinate c , sugnay na pantu- CLOTHES, n. (being worn) kasu-
long (or panlangkdp.) utdn, pananamit; (kept r e a d y
CLAVICLE, n. (Anat.) balagat. to w e a r ) bihisan.
CLAW, n. pangalmot; talon, kuko. CLOUD, n. ulap; (high and
CLAY, n. plastic earth, lupang white) alapaap; (low and
malagkit. black) dagim.
C L E A N , a d j . malinis.—v. magli- CLOUDY, adj. maulap.
nis,; linisin. CLOWN, n. payasOy S p . ; bubo,
CLEANER, n. material or tool for S p . ; lukayo, S p . ; pusong.
cleaning, panlinis; pampalinis. CLUB, n. heavy stick, pambambu;
CLEAR, adj. (of water or expla- association, klub, E n g . ; kapisa-
nation) malinaiv; lighted, mali- nany sdmahdn.
wanag. C L U S T E R , n. (of flowers and
CLERGYMAN, n. pari, Sp.; klero,
Sp. l e a v e s ) , kumpol; (of bananas,
lanzon, etc.) buwig; piling;
CLERK, n. eskribyente, Sp.; em-
(of coconuts) balaybdy> (of
ployee, kawani.
other fruits) langkdy.
CLEVER, adj. keen, matalas; in- COACH, n. car, kotse, Sp.; train-
telligent, matalino; competent,
er, tagasanay.
reliable, madasahan.
CLIMATE, n. klima, Sp. C O A G U L A T E , v. mamud; become
CLIENT, n. kliente, Sp. curdled, makurtd, Sp.
COAL, n. karbon, S p . ; batong-
CLIMAX, n. kasukduldn; kahayu-
uling.
ndn; katingkardn, nc; karuru-
kan. C O A R S E , adj. magaspdng; (of
CLIMB, v. umakydt; akyatin. m a n n e r s ) magasldw; bastos, S p .
CLING, v. kumapit; kapitan; pa- COAST, n. seashore, baybayin,
ngapitan. baybay-dagat.—v. to go by m o -
mentum, magpadausdos.
CLINIC, n. klinikd, Sp.; dispen-
COAT, n. amerikana, S p . ; sako,
sary, pdgamutan.
Sp.
CLOAK, n. balabal.
CLOCK, n. relos, Sp.; orasdn, Sp. COCK, n. rooster, male bird, tan-
dang.
CLOSE, v. isard, Sp.; sarhdnx Sp.;
magsard, S p . ; ipinid.—n. the COCKFIGHT, n. sabong.
end, katapusdn; wakds. COCKPIT, n. sabungdn.
CLOSED, adj. sarado, Sp.; naka- COCKROACH, n. ipis.
pinid: covered, may-takip. COCOA, n. kakdw9 Sp.
CLOSET, n. (for clothes) apara- COCONUT, n. niyog. — c. grove,
dor, Sp.; latrine, kumon, Sp.; niyugan.
kasilyas, Sp.;- shelved cabinet, COD, n. (fish) bakaldw*—c. oil,
istante", Sp. langis ng bakaldw,
Code 18 Commissioner
CODE, n. kodigo, S p . ; system of COMBUSTIBLE, adj. masunugin.
signals, paldhudyatan, COME, v. to approach,
nc.: lumapit;
kowd, Eng. arrive, dumating; issue from,
C O F F E E , n. kape, Sp. mang gating sa; attend, dumalo.
COIN, n. (loose change) baryd. COMEDY, n. kornedya, Sp.
C O F F I N , n. kabaong; ataul, Sp. COMET, n. kometa, Sp.; bandos,
COIL, n. ikid; likaw.—v. umikid; O.T.; buntala.
ikirin; likawin. COMFORT, n. consolation, aliw;
COLD, adj. malamig; chilly, ma- ease of body, kaahvanan; ease
gindw. of body and mind, ginhawa.
COLLAR, n. (for necktie) kuwel- COMFORTABLE, adj. maginha-
yo, S p . ; neck band for animals, iva,
kulydr, S p . ; loop for the neck COMIC, COMICAL, adj. nakakdr
of animals, saliig, panliig. tawd; komikd, Sp.
COLLECT, v. magtipon, COMMA, n. (punctuation mark)
tipunin;
to demand payment, maningi{; kuwit; koma, Sp.
singilin; accumulate, maipon; COMMAND, n. utos; atas.—v.
increase in number, dumami. mag-utos; mag-atas; pag-utu-
COLLECTION, n. (act of collect- san, atasan.
ing) pag titipon ; paniningil;COMMANDER, n. (Mil.) koman-
see COLLECT. dante, Sp.; chief, puno.
COLLECTOR, n. (of debts, ac- COMMANDMENT, n. utos, kau-
counts) mdniningil; kubrador, tusdn.
S p . ; mdngungubrd, S p . ; (Of ob- COMMENCE, v. to begin, mag-
jects) paldipdn. umpisd, Sp.; umpisatidn, Sp.;
COLLEGE, n. kolehiyo, S p . ; ko-magpasimuld, pasimuldn.
leds, E n g . ; ddlubhasaan, nc. COMMENCEMENT, n. begin-
COLONY, n. kolonya, S p . ; lupanq ning, umpisd, Sp.; pasimuld;
sakdp, graduation in, pagtatapds.
COLOR, n. kulay, koldr, Sp.—v. COMMEND, v. to praise, purihin,
kulayan; kulurdn, Sp. papurihan.
COLT, n. bistro ng kabayo, Sp. COMMENDATION, n. papuri.
COLUMN, n, pillar, haligi; line, COMMERCE, n. komirsiyo, Sp.;
rank hanay. pangangalakal.
COMB, h. (for hair) cukldy; crest COMMERCIAL, adj. komersiydl,
of fowl, palong.—v. (the hair) Sp.; pangkalafcal.
magsukldy; suklayin; suklaydn.CPMMISSION, n. act of doing,
COMBAT, n. fight, laban; quarrel, pag gawd, paggandp; a group
away; duel, duwelo, S p . ; battle, of persons intrusted with pub-
pagbabaka; pagpapamudk. lic tasks, komisyon, Sp.; lupon,
C O M B I N A T I O N , n. pagsasama; kalupunan; agent's compensa-
kombinasyon, S p . ; union, pag- tion, komisyon, Sp.; pursiyento,
Sp.
C O M B I N E , v. pagsamahin; unite, COMMISSIONER, n. komisyona-
pag-isahin do, Sp.
Commit 19 Computation
COMMIT, v. to do something enter a contest, makipagtim-
wrong, magkdsala; magkdma- paldk.
li; give over for safekeeping, C O M P E T E N T , adj. able, may-
ipagkd tiwald; ilagak, kaya.
COMMITTEE, n. lupon; kumite, COMPETITION, n. contest, tim-
Sp. paldk; rivalry, pdngagawdn.
COMMON, adj. ordinary, karani- COMPETITOR, n. (in contest)
wan; general, panlahfyt; for the kaUmpaldk; opponent, kalaban;
public, pangmadld. — c. article rival, kaagaw; karibdlj Sp.
(Gram.), pantukoy na pambd- COMPLAIN, v. dumaing; mag-
land.—c. noun (Gram.), pang- reklamo, S p . ; maghinakddl.
ngalang pambdland. COMPLAINT, n. doing; reklamo.
COMMONWEALTH, n. the whole S p . ; hinakddl.
body of people organized into
COMPLEMENT, n. (Gram.)
a government, sampdmahaladn;
kagdnapan; pamuno; lay on.—
komonwels, Eng.
subjective c , panaguring pansi-
COMMUNICATE, v. to tell, sa- muno.—objective c, karagda-
bihin; impart, ipaialos, ipaba- gang layon.
tid; make known, ipagbigqy- COMPLETE, adj. bud; fully done
aldm* or finished, yari na; tapos na.
COMMUNION, n. close intimacy, —v. buuin; to finish, tapusin,
pagtatalamitam; (the Holy Sa-
yariin.
crament) Komunyon, Pakina-
bdng. COMPLEX, adj. intricate, masi-
knt; involved, pasikut-sikot.—
COMMUNITY, n. komuniddd,
c. sentence (Gram.), pangungu-
Sp.; the people in general, ang sap na langkapan.
madid; a whole town, ang sam-
bayandn. COMPLEXION, n. kutis, Sp.;
skin coloring, kulay ng baldt.
COMPANION, n. kasama.
COMPOSE, v. to form, magbuo;
COMPANY, n. corporation, sama-
create, lumikhu.
han; business house, bahay-ka-
lakal; attendance, pagdalo. COMPOSITION, n. things mak-
COMPARE, v. to liken, ihambing; ing a whole* kabuudn, kayari-
itulad; iwangis; iparic dn; school exercise, komposisyon,
COMPARISON, n. paghaham- Sp.
bing; pagtutulad; pagwawa- COMPOUND, adj. tambalan.—c.
ngis; pagpaparis; (Gram.) pd- sentence (Gram.), pangungu-
nuluran; pagpapdnularan. sap na tambalan. — c. subject,
COMPEL, v. pilitin. simunong tambalan. — c. predi-
COMPENSATION, n. salary, sa- cate, panaguring tambalan (pa-
hod; suweldo, Sp.; service fee, nabing tambalan).
upa; reward, gantimpald; re- COMPREHEND, v. m&intindi-
muneration, gantimpagdl; bi- hdn, S p , ; mdunawaan, md,wa-
gdy-pala. tasan.
COMPETE, v. enter into rivalry, COMPUTATION, n. pagtutuos;
makiagaw, makipagpang-agaw: katuusdn.
Comrade 20 Consent
COMRADE, n. companion, kasa- CONDUCTOR, n. (in a public ve-
ma; friend, kaibigan; intimate hide) konduktor, Sp.; (in a
friend, katoto. musical group) patnugot.
C O M P U T E , v. magtuos; tuusin. CONFER, v. to grant, bestow,
C O N C A V E , adj. malukong. igawady (upon) gawaran; • con-
C O N C E A L , v. to hide something, suit, sumangguni; isangguni.
itago; keep secret, maglihim: CONFERENCE , n. meeting, pa-
ilihim. long; interview, panaydm; con-
C O N C E I V E , v. to surmise, aka- sultation, sanggunian.
lain; be in the early stage of C O N F E S S , v. to admit as true,
pregnancy, maglihi; (in the fe- pananggapdn, ; mananggdp;
tal stage) magbuntis. (Eccl.) mangumpisdl, magkum-
C O N C E N T R A T E , v. (upon) pag- pisdl, Sp.
durnhan, S p . ; fix one's atten- CONFIDENCE ! , n. faith, panana-
tion to, paglimiin; pag-isiping
lig; hope, pag-asa; trust, pagti-
mataman. tiwala.
C O N C E R N , n. anxiety. pag-aald-
ald; business firm, bahay-kala- CONFINE, v. to keep within
kaL—It's no c. of yours. Wald boundaries, ipaloo b, ikulong;
kang dapat pakialaman. imprison, ibilanggo,
C O N C E R N I N G , prep, relating to, CONFISCATE, v. samsamin; ma-
ukol sa; regarding, hinggil sa; namsdm.
about, tungkol sa. CONFLICT, n. See CLASH.
C O N C E R T , n. (musical) konsi- CONFUSION, n. gulo; entangle-
yerto, S p . ; harmony, pagtutug- ment, gusot, ,kagusutan; amaze-
maan; tugmaan. ment, pagkagulat, pagkagitld;
C O N C L U D E , v. to finish, tapu- kagitlahanan.
sin; magtaposj bring to an end, CONGRESS, n. kongreso, Sp.;
wakasdn; magwakds; deduce, kapulungan.
hinuhain; rfiaghinuha. CONNECT, v. to join together,
C O N C R E T E , adj. actual, tunay; pagdugtungin ; link together,
tangible, nddaramd, konkreto, pagkabitin; r e l a t e together,
Sp.—n. hardened mixture of ce- pag-ugnayin.
ment and sand with gravel, etc., CONNECTION, r - n. relation, kaug-
konkreto, S p : ; sementong binu- nayan.
bo, binubd; solid mass, bud. CONQUER, v. to overcome, sub-
C O N D E M N , v. to sentence, hatu- due, malupig , Iwpigin; defeat,
lan; punish, parusahan. talunin; occupy by force, masa-
C O N D I T I O N , n. state of being, kop, sakupin.
lagdy; circumstances, kaldga- CONQUEROR, n. manlulupig;
yan; situation, katdyuan; a mdnanakop.
stipulation, kondisyon, S p . ; tak- CONSCIENCE, n. konsiyensiya,
dd; a limitation in time, taning. Sp.; budhi.
C O N D U C T , n. personal behavior, C O N S E N T , v. to agree, pumayag,
ugall, pag-uugali. payagan.—n. pagpayag.
 Consequence 21 Contrast
CONSEQUENCE, n. (past) ang C O N T A I N E R , n. (small size) . si-
kindlabasdn, ang kinduwidn; sidldn; (any) lalagydn.
(future) ang kdlalabasdn. ang C O N T E M P T , n. paghamak; dis-
kduuwidn; what did happen, dain, pagpalibhasa.
ang nangyari; what would or C O N T E M P T I B L E , adj. hamdk;
will happen, ang mangyayari. meriting disdain, kapali-palib-
—Of no c , waldng bagay. hasd.
CONSIDER, v. to think over care- C O N T E N D , v. makipaglaban; ar-
fully, pag-isipin; liripin: to es- gue, dispute, makipagtalo; as-
teem, xtangx; to regard, ipala- sert in argument, ikatwiran,
gdy; isaalang-alang. ipangatwiran; maintain in ar-
CONSIDERABLE, adj. large in gument, igiit, ipanindigan,
extent, malawak; important, C O N T E N T E D , adj. nasisiyahdn.
mahalagd; large in amount or
quantity, di-gdgaano; di-gayon C O N T E S T , n. conflict, laban, pag-
lamang. lalaban; sdlungatan; competi-
CONSIDERATION, n. careful tion, pdligsahan; artistic com-
thought, paglilirip; respect, pag- petition, timpaldk.
galang, pamimitagan; esteem, C O N T I N E N T , n. one of the great
pagpapalagdyt pagtingin; re- divisions of land on earth, kon-
gard, pagsasa-alang-alahg. tinente, Sp.; sanlupain; daig-
CONSIST, v. to c. of, binubud ng. dig.
CONSONANT, n. letter of the al- C O N T I N U A T I O N , n. (act of)
phabet, not vowel, katinig. pagpapatuloy; the thing carried
CONSPICUOUS, adj. visible, kita; on after an interruption, ka-
obvious, halatCi; remarkable, rugtong.
kapund-pund. C O N T I N U E , v. magpatuloy, ipag-
CONSTABLE, n. kustable, Sp. patuloy; ituloy.
CONSTABULARY, n. kustabu- C O N T I N U E D , to be c , itutuloy.
laryo, Sp.; tanod-bansd. CONTINUOUS, adj. patuluy-
CONSTANT, adj. matimtiman; tuloy; unbroken, waldng-lagot;
unchanging, waldng-bago, wa- waldng-patid; unceasing, wa-
Idng-pagbabago. ldng-tigiL
CONSTITUTION, n. structure, C O N T R A B A N D , n. kontrabando,
kayaridn; (Law) Saligdng-Ba- Sp.; bagay na bawaL
tds. CONTRACT, n. formal agree-
CONSTRUCT, v. to build, mag- ment.—n. kontrato, S p . ; kdsun-
tayo, itayo; form, magbuo, buu- dnan; agreement to build, kon-
trata, Sp.
\n. CONTRACTOR, n. kontratista,
CONSULT, v. sumangguni. Sp.
CONSUME, v. use up, exhaust,
ubusin; eat, kainin, kanin. CONTRADICT, v. salansangin;
CONTAGIOUS, adj. nakakdha- salungatin.
wa; nakakdlalin. CONTRARY, adj. salungdt; laban.
CONTAIN, v. to hold within, ma- CONTRAST, n. kaibahdn (kaib-
lamdn; maglamdn. hdn).—v. pag-ibahin.
Contribute 22 Counsel
CONTRIBUTE, v. umambdg, CORDIAL, adj. hearty, taos-puso;
mag-ambdg; ambagdn; supply buong-puso.
articles for publication, magpa- CORK, n. stopper, tapon, Sp.; V
lathala. sakt siksik.
CONTRIBUTION, n. ambdg; CORN, n. mais, Sp.
help, tulong; aid, abuloy. CORNER, n. sulok.
CONTROL, v. to restrain, pigilin; CORPORATION, n. korporasyon,
dominate, subdue, supilin. Sp.; sdmahan.
C O N V E N I E N T , adj. (in time) CORPS, n. pulutong; pangkdt,
ndpapanahon; (in comfort) CORPSE, n. bangkdy.
maginhawa; (in ease) magadn; CORRECT, adj. wasto; right,
(in handiness) madali; (in tumpdky tamd. — v. magwasto.
nearness) malapit. iwasto; raagtumpdky itumpdk.
C O N V E R S A T I O N , n. pag-uusapt CORRECTION, n. pagwawasto.
pagsasdlitaan; sdlitaan; inter- CORRESPOND, v. to be like or
view, pagpapanaydm. equal to something else, mdka-
CONVICT, v. - mahatulan. — n. tumbds; suit, agree, or fit, rad-
prisoner, bilanggo. kaayon; communicate by means
CONVICTION, n. firm belief, of letters, sumulat, lumiham;
paniniwatd. makipag sulatdnt makipagliha-
C O N V I N C E , v. to cause to be- mdn.
lieve, papaniwalazn. CORRESPONDING, adj. katum-
COOK, n. kusinero, S p . ; tagapag- bds; kaayon; katuwdng.
luto.—v.magluto; lutuin. CORRUPT, adj. rotten, bulok;
COOKED, adj. luto; niluto. spoiled, sird; depraved, maha-
COOL, a d j . somewhat cold, ma- lay.
lamig-lamig; not warm, di-ma- CORSET, n. kurset. Fr.
init; fresh, preskoy Sp COST, n. price, halagd; amount
C O O P E R A T E , v. to help, tumu- paid, bay ad.
long; join others in doing, COSTLY, adj. expensive, mahdl.
makitulong, makipag tulungdn; COT, n. light, movable bed, kama;
(together) mag tulungdn, canvas folding c , tiheras, Sp.
C O O P E R A T I V E , adj. — n . tulu- COTTAGE, n. (on a hill or in a
ngan; usungan; kooperatiba, Sp. forest) amdk; small nipa hut,
C O O R D I N A T I O N , n. tuwangan. kubo; shanty, barongbarong.
C O P P E R , n.. tanso. COTTON, n. bulak.
COPRA, n. kalibkib; kopra, E n g . COUCH, n. sofa, supdy Sp.
COPY, n. kopya, S p . ; salin; (of COUGH n. ubo. — v. umubo; to
a book) sipi; imitation, huivdd. suffer from c , ubuhin.
— v . kumopya; imitate, humu- COUNCIL, n. kapulungan; konse-
toddy huwardn; manghuwdd. hoy Sp.
COQUETRY, n. flirtatiousness, COUNCILOR, n. konsehdlt Sp.;
kalimbangdn; pagkamalimbdng. kagawad ng kapulungaii.
CORD, n. string, pisi; leteng C O U N S E L , n. payo. — v. to give
( C h . ) ; twine, panali, tali; rope, advice, magpayo; payuhany pag-
lubid. payuhan.
Count 23 Cripple
COUNT, n. a reckoning, bilang.—* C R A S H , v. to fall, lumagpdk; bu-
v. to reckon by units, bumilang; magsdk,
magbildng; bilangin. C R A T E , n. bastd; empake, Sp.
C O U N T E N A N C E , n. the expres- CRAYON, n. krayon, Eng.
sion of the face, pagmumukhCi. CRAWL, v. to creep, gumapang.
COUNTER, n. table in a store, CRAZY, n. loko, Sp.; baliw. hi-
despatso, Sp.; apparatus or ma- bdng.
chine for counting, pambilang. CREAM, n. rich, oily part of milk
COUNTRY, n. native land, lu- which gathers at top, hxdagap;
pang-tiriubuan; bay an: rural cosmetic unguent, pumada, S p . ;
parts, kabukiran. light yellow coior, krema, Sp.;
COUPLE, n. a pair, isdng parts; the best part of anything, ang
the two, ang dalawd; a married pinakaubod; ang kakanggatd.
c , ang mag-asawa. C R E A T I O N , n. act of creating,
COURAGE, n. tapang, katapa- paglikhd; paglaldng; thing
ngan. created, ang nilikha; ang nila-
COURSE, n. line of motion, dadn; Idng; the universe,, sansinukob:
pinagddraanan, pagddraanan; santinakpdn; sangkalikasdn.
series of lessons, kaaraldn; kur- CREATOR, n. manlilikhd; God,
so, Sp.; part of a meal served ang Lumikhd; Bathald; Diyos,
at one time, putahe, Sp.; pro- S p . ; ang MaykapdL
cedure, paradn. C R E A T U R E , n. thing created,
COURT, n. hall of justice, hOku- ang nilikho; ang nilaldng; a. hu-
man; a sovereign and his reti- man being, tao.
nue, korte, Sp.—v. to woo, man- C R E D E N T I A L , n. katibayan.
ligaw, mangibig. C R E D I B L E , adj. mapaniniwalaan.
COURTEOUS, adj. respectful, CREDIT, n. kredito, Sp.; one's
magalang. deserved right to be praised, ka-
COURTESY, n. paggalang, purihdn; honor, dangdl, kard-
COUSIN, n. pinsan.
ngalan.
COVER, n. takip.—v. takpdn.
COW, n. baka. C R E D U L O U S , adj. mapaniwalaiv.
COWARD, adj. duwdg. CREEK, n. rivulet, ilug-ilugan.
COZY, adj. maginhawa. C R E E P , v. gumapang; (continu-
CRAB, n. (large) alimango: ously) maggapdng.
(smaller) alimasag; (tiny) ta- CREW, n. group, pulutong; pang-
langkd. kdt; kawan.
CRACK, n. snapping noise, pamu- CRIB, n. manger, sabsaban; laba-
mutok; lagutok; a break on ngdn; baby's bed, kamita, Sp.
glassware, lamat, basag.—v. to CRICKET, n. kamaksi, tdrurti-
snap, rnamutok, lumagutok. kan.
CRADLE, n. duyan; uyayi.
CRAFTY, adj. suwitik, Ch.; tuso; CRIME, n. krimta, Sp.; sinful
- tricky, mahibb. conduct, pagkakdsala; sala.
CRAMP, n. (Med.) pulikat. CRIMINAL, n. krimindl, Sp.; sa-
CRANK, n. bent handle for turn- larin.
ing a shaft, pihitdn. C R I P P L E , n.-adj. lumpo.
 Critic 24 Cutlery
CRITIC, n. manunurt. CRYSTAL, n. knstdl, Sp.; bubog.
CRITICISM, n. pagsusuri; pag- CUCUMBER, n. pipino, Sp.
pund. C U F F , n. (of shirt) punyos, Sp.
C R I T I C I Z E , v. magsuri, suriin; C U L T I V A T E , v. to till, magli-
pumund, punahin. ndng; linangin; p r e p a r e (the
CROOKED, a d j . bent, kilo; curved, soil) for crops, bungkalin, mag-
liko, baluktot; twisted, kilu-kilo: bungkdl; improve or develop by
baliL-baluktoU care, labor, or study, linangin.
CROP, n. harvest, ani; (Zool.)
C U L T U R E , n. . tillage, paglili-
gizzard, balumbalunan.
ndng; result of training of
C R O S S , n. kurus, krus, Sp.—v. mental or moral powers, kalina-
To mark with a c , kurusdn.— ngdn.
To move to the opposite side,
CULTURED, adj. may-kalina-
tumawid; tawirin.—To make the
s i g n of the c , mag-antdndd.— ngdn.
a d j . ill-tempered, mainit ang ulo. C U N N I N G , adj. crafty, suwitik,
C R O S S - E Y E D , a d j . duling. Ch.; tuso; a s t u t e , rnatalas.
CROW, n. black vulture, uwdk; CUP, n. kopa; Sp.; tagaydn; (for
the cry of a rooster, tilaok.—v. coffee or tea) tasa, Sp.
to make the loud shrill sound CUPBOARD, n. pdminggalan;
t h a t a rooster makes, tumilaok. (attached to kitchen window)
CROWBAR, n. bareta, Sp. banggerahdn.
CROWD, n. throng, lipumpon; C U R E , n. lunas; go/mot; kagdmu-
libumbon. tan.—v. lunasan; gamutin.
C R O W N , n. korona, S p . ; putong. CURIOUS, adj. mausisd.
— v . koronahan, Sp.; putungan. C U R L , v. kulutin.
C R U E L , adj. malupit.
C R U E L T Y , n. kalupitdn. C U R R E N T , n. flow, agos; (of
C R U M B , n. (of bread or rice) water from tap) tulb; (of elec-
t r i c i t y ) koryente, Sp.; dagitab,
mumo.
C R U S H , v. to break into pieces nc.—adj. present, kasalukuyan.
or flatten by pressure, pisain; C U R S E , n. imprecation, sumpd.—
grind to powder, ligisin; squeeze v. sumpain.
w i t h the fingers or the hand, C U R T A I N , n. kurtina, S p . ; tabing.
pisilin; pulverize, durugin, CURVE, n. kurba, Sp.; kilo,—v.
C R U S T , n. hard outer covering or pakurbahdn, pakurbahin; ikilo.
surface layer, pangibabaw. CUSHION, n. pillow, unan.—
CRY, v. to shout, sumigdw; humi- Chair, c , Mmuwadon, S p ; bed
ydw; weep, umiydk; of an ani- c , kutson.
mal, to utter its call (bird), hu- CUSTOM, n, habit, ugall; beha-
muni; (horse) neigh, humaling- vior, asal.
hing; (cattle) nmungd; (dog)
tumahol, kumahdl; umaw-aw; C U S T O M E R , n. mdmimili; suki.
(cat) umingdw ; ngumiydw; C U T , v. putulin; to slice, hiwain.
(goat) umumi. C U T L E R Y , n. mga panghiwd.
 Dab 25 Decalog

D
DAB, v. to strike or touch lightly, D A U G H T E R , n. ' andk na babac.
pikpikin. —d.-in-law, manugang na babae.
DAD, D A D D Y , n. a child's name D A W N , n. bukdng-liwaywdy; li-
for f a t h e r , tatay, tatang, itdy. waywdy,
DAGGER, n. balardw; daga. D A Y , n. araw.—Christmas D., ka-
DAILY, adj. pang-araw-araw.— paskuhdn.—New Year's D., Ba-
adv. araw-araw. guntaon.
DAINTY, adj. delicious, malinam- D A Y L I G H T , n. araw.—It's still
ndm; choice, pili. d., Araw pa. It's already d.,
D A L E , n. labdk, lambdk. Araw na.
DAM, n. a barrier across a water- D A Z E , v. to confuse, stupefy, tu-
course, (specially in rice fields ligin, de confused, stupefied,
and fishponds), pilapil. onatulig.
DAMAGE, n. injury, sird; act of DAZZLE, v. silawin; be dazzled,
willfully harming, paninird: masilaw.
calumny, paninirang-puri. DAZZLING, adj. nakasisilaw.
DAMN, v. sumpairu D E A D , adj. patdy.
DAMP, adj. moist, halumigmig; D E A D L Y , adj. causing death, na-
basd-basti. kamdmatdy (makamdmatdy).—
D A N C E , v. sumaydWy magsaydw, d. enemy, mahigpit na kaaway.
n. saydw; a dancing party, sd- D E A F , adj. bingi.
yawan. D E A F E N I N G , adj. nakabibingL
D A N D R U F F , n. balakubak. D E A F - M U T E , n. bingVt-pipi.
DANGER, n. panganib. D E A L , v. to d. in, magbili ng,
DANGEROUS, adj. mapanganib. magtindd ng.
DANGLE, v. to hang or swing- D E A L E R , n. wc^-plus the goods
loosely, ilawit, palatvitin; ibitin. dealt in, with the first syllable
doubled, as, fish-dealer, <mag-vis-
DANGLING, adj. hanging, naka- dd; rice-dealer, magbibigds> etc.
lawit; nakabitin. D E A N , n. dekanoy Sp.
DARE, v. to be bold enough, mag- D E A R , adj. mahdl.
lakds-loob; v e n t u r e , mangahds. D E A T H , n. kamdtayan. .
DARING, adj. fearless, waldng- D E B A T E , n. pagtatalo; pakifci-
takot; venturous, pangahds. pagtalo.
DARK, adj. madilim. D E B I L I T Y , n. kahinaan.
D A R L I N G , n. irog, giliw. D E B O N A I R , adj. genial, magihw.
D A R N , v. magsulsi, S p . ; sulsihdn, D E B T , n. utang.
Sp. D E B T O R , n. may-utang.
D A T A , n. bagay-bagay; datos, D E B U T , n. debyu, debit, F r -
Sp. D E C A D E , n. sampung tafin.
D A T E , n. petsa, Sp. D E C A L O G , n. Sampung Utos.
Decay 26 Department
D E C A Y , v, mabuldk. D E F I A N C E , n, resistance, pagla-
D E C A Y E D , adj. buldk. ban.
D E C E I T , n. dayd. D E F I C I E N T , adj. kulang.
D E C E M B E R , n. Disyembre, Sp. DEFICIT, n. depisit, Eng.; lugl
D E C E N C Y , n. respectability, ha- D E F I N E , v. magturing, turingan.
pamitaganan; moral cleanli- D E F I N I T E , adj. tiydk.
ness, kalinisang-bitdhi. D E F I N I T I O N , n. turing; katuri-
D E C E N T , a d j . respectable, desen- ngan.
te, S p . ; kapitd-pitagan; free D E F Y , v. lumaban.
from obscenity, di-mahalay. D E G R E E , n. digri, Eng.; antds.
D E C E P T I V E , a d j . madayd. D E J E C T E D , adj. malumbdy, na-
D E C I D E , v. magpasiyd; pagpasi- lulumbdy.
yahdn. D E L A Y , n. abala, balam.
D E C I S I O N , n. pasiyd; pasyd. D E L E G A T E , n. kinatawdn, sugo.
D E C I S I V E , a d j . definite, tiydk; DELICIOUS, adj. masardp; mail-
final, pangwakds. namndm.
D E C L A I M , v. bumigkds. DELIGHT, n. lugdd; galdk.
D E C L A R A T I O N , n. say say; bad- DELIRIOUS, adj. nahihibdng.
yd. DELIVER, v. to set free, pate-
DECLARATIVE, adj. (Gram.) yain; save from, iligtds; give,
paturoL ibigdy; carry and hand to an
D E C L A R E , v. magsaysdy, isay- owner, iabot; dalhin.
say. D E L U G E , n. dilubyo, S p . ; mala-
D E C O Y , n. pangati. king bahd; gunaw.
D E C R E A S E , v. magbauuas, bawa- D E L U S I O N , n. false idea or theo-
san; diminish, lumiiU—n. pag- ry, talimuwang, nc.
babawas; pagliit, pag-unti. D E M A N D , v. hingin, hilingin.—
D E C R E E , n. utos, batds. In d., maraming nangdngaila-
D E D I C A T E , v. maghandog, ihan- ngan.
dog. DEMOCRACY, n. demokrasya,
D E D I C A T I O N , n. handog. Sp.
D E D U C T , v. bawasiru DEMOCRAT, n.-adj. demokrata,
D E E D , n. gaw». Sp.; makddemokrasya, Sp.
D E E M , v. isipin, akaiain. DEMOCRATIC, adj. demokratiko,
D E E P , a d j . malalim. Sp.
D E E P E N , v. palaliman. D E M O N S T R A T E , v. to exhibit,
D E E R , n. usd. ipafcita; itanghdL
D E F E A T , v. to vanquish, talunin. D E M O N S T R A T I O N , n. pakita.
— n . overthrow, pagkatido. D E M O N S T R A T I V E , adj. (Gram.)
D E F E A T E D , a d j . talo; tahinaru pamatlig, panurb.
D E F E C A T E , v. dumumi; vul. tu- D E N , n. cave or lair of beast,
mae. lunggd; cavern, yungib; kuwe-
D E F E C T , n. kasiradn; depekto, ba, Sp.
Sp. D E N I A L n. refusal, pagtanggi;
D E F E N D , v. magtanggoL negation, pagkakaild.
D E F E N S E , n. pagtatanggoL D E N Y , v. tumanggi, tanggihdn.
D E F E R , v. ipagpatiban. D E P A R T M E N T , n. (of govern-
 Depend 27 Devotion
ment) kdgawardn; branch (of DESOLATE, adj. having no in-
business, study, science), sa- habitants, waldng tao; gloomy,
ngdy; sanga. mapangldw; in a neglected con-
DEPEND, v. to rely on, umasa; dition, pinabayaan.
trust, magtiwala. DESPAIR, n. loss of hope, pagka-
DEPENDENT, n. a person who wald ng pag-asa.
relies upon another for his food, DESPISE, v. masukldm, kasukla-
pdkainin. mdn; alimurahin; alipustain.—
DEPORT, v. itapon; idestyero, Sp. n. pagkasukldm; pag-alimtira;
DEPOSIT, v. ilagak; ideposito, ?•:: g-alipustd.
Sp.—n. money kept in a bank, DESTINE, v. iukol; to settle the
lagak; depdsito, Sp.; sediment, future use of, itadn; iladn; ita-
latak, titling, lagd.
DEPOSITION, n. removal from DESTROY, v. itvasdk; igibd.
office, pagtitiwaldg; (Law) act DESTRUCTION, n. pagkawasdk:
of giving testimony, pagsaksi, pagkagibd.
pananaksi. DETAIL, n. sangkdp; a part of
DEPOT, n. warehouse, pintungan; something, bahagi, kabahagi.
railway station, himpilan ng DETAIN, v. pigilan; antalahin.
tren (tren, Sp.); istasydn ng DETECTIVE, n. tiktik; batydw;
tren (istasydn, tren, Sp.) detektib, Eng.; cekreta, Sp.
DEPRIVE, v. to take away from, DETERMINE, v. to decide, mag-
alisdn; to stop from having, (be pasiyd; resolve to do, magtika,
deprived of) mawaldn. pagtikahan; find out for oneself,
DEPTH, n. lalim. alamin; fix or establish, tiyakiv.
DERIVE, v. to come from a cer- DETERMINED, adj. ndtatalagd;
tain source, inang gating; to handd: disidido, Sp.
draw from, kunin (sa); hangu- DEVELOP, v. to grow, tumubd;
in (sa), become better, bumuti, guma-
DESCEND, v. bumabd; lumusong. ling; cultivate, linangin; reveal,
DESCRIBE, v. maglarawan, ila- ilahad.
rawan. DEVELOPMENT, n. pagtubd;
DESCRIPTION, n. paglalarawan. paglaki; paglago; act of un-
DESERT, v. to forsake, lisanin; folding, paglalahad.
abandon, neglect t pa'jayaavi; DEVICE, n. paradn; invention,
leave, iwan.—n. ilang. kathA; emblematic design, sagi-
DESERVE, v. to be worthy, ma- sag.
gindapat.—You d. it, Sadydng DEVIL, n. diyablo, Sp.
dapat sa iyo. DEVOTE, v. to set apart for a
DESIGN, n. project, panukdla; special purpose, iladn; italagd;
drawing, dibuho, Sp.; intention, iukol; dedicate, ihandog; itu-
tangka; hangdd. ngcd; give onself up to some
DESIRE, n. nais, nasd; craving, occupation, magtamdn, pagta-
pita.—v. magnais, naisin; mag- nxandn.
nasd, nzsairi; pitahin. DEVOTION, n. pagsasakit; piety,
DESK, n. pnpitrer.Sp.; table, me- pagbabandl, kabdnalan; strong
sa, Sp. affection, pagmamahdl.
Devour 28 Displease
DEVOUR, v. lamunin; sakmalin; DELEGATE, n. kinatawd.n.
silain. DIRECTION, n. address, direk-
DEW, n. hamdg. siyon, Sp.; kindtitirahdn; in-
DIAGRAM, n.' balangkds. structiom turd, (Instruction
DIALOGUE, n. conversation, pag- for using: paggamit) ; act of
uusap; sdlitaan; (in a play, managing, pamamatnugot; pa*
book, etc.) diydlogo, Sp.; pdti- wamahala.
tang-u&ap. DIRECTOR, n. patnugot.
DIAMETER, n. bantod, O.T. DIRT. n. dumi.
DIAMOND, n. diyamante, Sp. DIRTY, adj. marumi.
DIARRHEA, n. kursd; bululds. DISAPPEAR, v. mawald.
DIARY, n. taldsarili, nc. DISAPPOINT, v. biguin; be dis-
DICTATE, v. idiktd, Sp. appointed, mabigo.
DICTION, n. pananalitd. DISAPPOINTMENT, n. kabigu-
DICTIONARY, n. diksiyonaryo, dn.
Sp.; taldtinigan. DISAPPROVE, v. masamain; not
DIE. v. mamatdy, to approve, di-pagtibayin.
D I F F E R , v. to be unlike, (dual) DISASTER, n. sakund.
magkdibd; disagree, di-umayon: DISCHARGE, v. to free, palaya-
di-sumang-ayon. in; remove from office, itiwaldg.
DIFFERENCE, n. kaibahdn. ka- DISCONTENT, n. pagkawaldng
ibhdn. kasiyahdng lodb.
DIFFERENT, adj. ibd; distinct, DISCOURAGE, v. pahinain ang
kaibd: not similar, di-katulad. lodb; be discouraged, manghind
DIFFICULTY, n . hirap, kahira- ang lodb.
DISCOVER, v. tumuklds, tukla-
DIG, y. humukay, maghukdy, hu- sin. mdtuklasdn.
DISCRIMINATION, n. pagtata-
DIGNITY, n. (of manner) kabi- ngl.
nihan; honor, dangdl, kardnga- DISCUSS, v. talakayin, pagtala-
kayan, magtalakay.
DILIGENCE, n. sigsd; sikap; si- DISEASE, n. sakiU
pag. DISGRACE, n. ignominy, kaayu-
DILIGENT, adj. masigsd; mast- pan, kadustadn.
kap; masipag. DISGUISE, n. (the costume) ba-
DIM, adj. hazy, vague, malabd; latkayo; act of, pagbabalatkayo.
dark, madilim,. v. magbalatkayo.
DIMPLE, n. biloy. DISH, n. pinggdn; plato, Sp.; food
DINE, v. (at noon) manangkali- served, pagkain; putahe, Sp.
an; (at night) maghapunan; tu DISILLUSION, n. talugimpdn, nc.
eat. kumain. DISOBEDIENT, adj. suwaiL
DINNER, n. (at noon) tanghali- DISOBEY, v. sumuwdy; suwayin.
an; (at night) hapunan. DISORDERLY, adj.-adv. magulo.
DIP, v. to put something into a DISPLAY, v. to exhibit, itanghdl;
liquid/ isawsdw; (using a ladle, unfold, iladldd.
or any other instrument for dip- DISPLEASE, v. to vex, galitin;
ping) isalok, sumalok, salukin. annoy, yamutin.
Dispute 29 Dread
D I S P U T E , n. pagtatalo.—v. maki- DOLLAR, n. dolar, dolyar, Eng.
pagtalo. DOME, n. bubong na bilog.
DISSOLVE, v. tunawin; lusawin; DOMESTIC, adj. (of the house)
be dissolved, matunaw, malu- pantdhanan; (of a nation) pa-
saw. nariling-bansd.
DISTANCE, n. remoteness, layo; DOMINION, n. authority, kapang-
(between two points) agwdt; yarihan; dotninya, Sp.
pagitan. D O N E , adj. finished, completed,
DISTANT, adj. remote r malayo. yarl na.
DISTINCT, adj. different, ibd; D O N K E Y , n. buriko, Sp.
marked off, tangx, bukod-tangi. DOOM, n. Last Judgment, Hiding
DISTINCTIVE, adj. katangi-ta- Paghuhvkom; the ond. any v;a-
ngl. kds; ang katapusdn; destiny,
DISTINGUISH, v. to consider as fate, kapalaran.
different from others, ibahin; DOOR, n. pintd.
mark off, separate, ibukod. D O S E , n. dosis, Sp.
D I S T I N G U I S H E D , ad.), eminent, DOT, n. tuldok.
bunyi, mabunyi. D O U B L E , adj. ibayo; duble, S p . ;
DISTRESS, n. anguish, pighati;
in pairs, paris, parts-parts.
suffering, pagdurusa.
D O U B T , n. alinlangan; duda, Sp.
D I S T R I B U T E , v. to apportion,
ipamahagi; give away, ipami- D O U B T F U L , adj. dlanganin) hes-
• itant, urong-sulong
gay, mamigdy.
DISTRIBUTION, n. pamamaha- DOVE, n. kalapati.
gi; par.iimigdy. D O W N , adv. pababd, so ibabd.
DISTRICT, n. purok; distrito, Sp. D O W N F A L L , n. pabagsdk.
DISTURB, v. to throw into dis ? D O W N S T A I R S , adv. sa lupd; sa
order or confusion, guluhin, silong.
manggulo; to unsettle, tigati- D O W N W A R D S , adv. palmb-i.
gin; to interfere with, maki- DOZEN, n. dusena, S p . ; twelve,
aldm, pakialamdn. labindalawd.
DITCH, n. kandl, Sp.; bambdng. D R A F T , n. current of air, hangi-
DIVE, v. sumisid. nan; an outline, balangkds;
DIVIDE, v. (in two) hatiin; mag- banghdy.
hati. DRAG, v. to haul along, kaladka-
D I V I N E , adj. dibino, Sp.; batha- YVYl,
lain. D R A G O N F L Y , n. tutubf.
DIVORCE, n. dibdrsiyS, Sp. D R A M A , n. duld; dramai, Sp.
DIZZY, adj. nahihilo; naliliyS. D R A W , v. to pull, hilahin; bata-
DO, v. to perform, make, gawin; kin; pull out, bunutin; hugu-
carry out, tuparin. ttn; d. a picture, gumuhit ng
DOCK, n. ddungan. larawan.
DOCTOR, n. doktdr; Sp. D R A W E R , n. (of desk) kahon,
DOCTRINE, n. doktrina, Sp.; S p . ; (undergarments) kalsunsil-
aral. yo Sp.
DOG, n. aso. D R E A D , v. to fear greatly, ma-
DOLL, n. manika, Sp. hintakutan; masinddtc ; be
 Dreadful 30 Earthworm
afraid, matakot,..._n, takot; pa.- DRUNKARD, n. maglalasing; la.-
ngambd. Benggo.
DREADFUL, adj. na'kculisindak; DRY, adj. tuyo.-v. tuyui>t.
nakatdtakot. DUAL, adj. ·dalawahan.
DREAM, n. pangMap; pa;na,ginip. DUCK, n. itik; pato, Sp.; bibe.
-v. mangarap, managinip. DUE, adj. owed, owing, utang; fit,
DRESS, n. clothes, baro; damU. suitable, bagay; tumpak; sched-
-v. to put on clothes, magbMo, uled to arrive, nakatakdting dd-
magdamU: manbihis. rating.
DRIFT, v. to float, lumutang; be DULL, adj. not sharp, mapur6l;
driven along, matangay. uninteresting, nakaf.in.ip.
DRILL, n. tool for boring holes, DUMB, a~j.-n. pipi; apdw, umid.
balibol; pambutas, military ex- DUNGEON, n. barttdina, Sp .. ;
ercises, dril, Enp:. prison cell, Mlangguan; piitan.
DRINK, v. umin6m, inum!n.-n. DUPLICATE, n. salin; pangala-
beverage, inumin. (Water· for wang salin.
drinking, inumfn). DURATION, n. tagtil.
DRIP, v. to all in drops, puma.- DURING, prep. habang., samanta-
tdk-pattik; tumulo; kwrru.£vat. lang.
DROOP, v. manlupayptiy. DUST, n. alikab61r.
DROP, n. pattik.-v. pztmatak. DUSTY, adj. maalikab6k.
DROWN, v. to sink and perish ~n DUTY, n. tungkulin: katungku-
water, malunod; kill by plung:,. lan; tax, buwts.
ing into water, or other liquid, DWARF, n. unano, Sp.
lt{.nurin. DWELL, v. tumirti; tumahan; ma-
DROWSY, adj. nag-6.ant6k; ina- mah.ay. manirahan.
antdk. DWELLING, n. house, bahay;
DRUG, n. gam6t, droga, Sp. home, tdhanan; residence, Ura-
han.
DRUGGIST, n. magbibili ng ga- DYE, n. damp6l; tina.
'n¢t; butika.ryo(a), Sp. DYNAMITE, n. dinamita, Sp.
DRUGSTORE, n. butika, Sp.; DYNAMO. n. dinamo, Sp.
pMmasya, Sp. DYSENTERY, n. (Med.) iti; pag-
DRUNK, adj. lasfng; lang6. iitl.

E
EACH, pron. bawa't isti. "EARNEST, adj. fervent, maalab;
EAGER, adj. sabik, nastisabik. assiduous, ma!igasig.
EAGLE, n. agild, Sp. EARNINGS, n. ktta, kinikita.
EAR, n. organ of hearing, tainga: EARRING, n. hikaw.
seed-bearing spike, as of corn, EARTH, n. the globe on which we
puso ng mats. live, daigdig; mund6, Sp.; dry
EARLY, adv. maaga. land, soil, lupd..
EAJ;tN, v. to get for service ren- EARTHQUAKE, n. lind6l.
dered, kitain, kumita. EARTHWORM, n. bulati.
Ease 31 Employment
EASE, n. alwdn, kaalwandn. ELECTION, n. process of voting,
EAST, n. silangan. paghahaldl; general elections,
EASTER, n. Kuwaresma, Sp.; hdlalan.
Mahdl-na-araw. ELECTOR, n. manghahalal; bu-
EASTERN, adj. silangandn. tantey Sp.
EASY," adj. maalwan; magadn; ELECTRICIAN, n. elektrisista,
madali. Sp.
EAT, v. humain, Jcanin (kainin). ELECTRICITY, n. elektrisiddd,
ECHO, n. alingawngdw; ulydw. Sp.; dagitab, cw.
ECLIPSE, n.. laho; paglalaho; ELEGANT, adj. makxsig; mabi-
eklipse, Sp. kas.
ECONOMIC, adj. pangkabuhayan. ELEMENT, n. sdngkdp; a part,
ECONOMICAL, adj. matipid, ma- bahagi.
simpdn. ELEMENTARY, adj. panimuld;
ECONOMIZE, v. magtipid. pastmuld.
EDGE, n. thin cutting side of a ELEPHANT, n. elepante, Sp.;
knife, ax, etc., talirn; verge of gadyd.
a cliff, gulod; gilid.
EDIBLE, adj. makdkain, nakdka- ELEVATE, v. itads, mag tads.
ELEVATOR, n. pantads; eleb*"
EDIFICE, n. gusali. tor, Eng.; timbawan, nc.
EDITOR, n. editdr, Sp. ELEVEN, n.-adj. labing-isd
EDUCATE, v. to develop by teach- ELF, n. duwende, Sp.
ing or training, ipanuto; in- ELIMINATE, v. aEsin.
struct, turuan. ELOPE, v. magtanan; lumayas.
EDUCATION, n. pagpapanuto; E L . S E , adj. other and different,
pagtuturb. ibd pa.—adv. pa.—cbnj. at hung
EEL. n. duhSl; palds. htndi'y.
EFFECT, n. outcome (past), fct- ELSEWHERE, adv. so ibdng da-
ndlabsdn; (future) kdlalabsdn, fco; sa ibdng podk.
EFFECTS, n. possessions, art- EMBER, n. baga.
Q/riXLTlt
EFFECTIVE, adj. mabisa. EMBLEM, n. sagisag.
EFFICACY, n. bisa. EMBRACE, v. to hug, yakapin;
EFFORT, n. pagpupunyagt; si- comprise, masakldw.
kap, pagsisikap; pagsasakit. EMBROIDERY, n. burdd, Sp.
EGG, n. itldg. EMERALD, n. esmeralda, Sp.
EGGPLANT, n. taldng. EMERGENCY, n. pressing neces-
EIGHT, n.-adj. watt. sity, kagipitan.
EIGHTEEN, n.-adj. labingwald. EMIGRATE, v. mandayuhan.
EIGHTY, n.-adj. woXwnipb. EMINENT, adj. mabunyi.
EITHER, pron. alinmdn sa data- EMOTION, n. damdamin.
wa. EMPEROR, n. Emperador, Sp.
ELASTIC, adj. napahdhabd. EMPHASIS, n. (Rhet.) kapamiga-
ELBOW, n. siko. tdn; stress, diin.
ELECT, v. to choose, pumill, pi- EMPLOYER, n. maypagawd.
liin; select by voting, maghaldl, EMPLOYMENT, n. occupation,
ihaldl. gdwain; empleo, Sp.
Empty 32 Evening
E M P T Y , adj. waldng-lamdn. E N V I O U S , adj. mainggitin; ma-
E N C I R C L E , v. palibutan; paligi- panaghili.
ran, ipaligid. E N V Y , n. inggit; hill; pangimbu-
E N C L O S E , v. ilakip. 16.
ENCOUNTER, v. mdkatagpo; EQUAL, adj. (in measure) kasu-
mdkasalubong. kdt; (in amount) kasindami;
E N C O U R A G E , v. palakasin ang (in degree) kasintayog; (in
loob; pasiglahin. value) kasinghalagd; (in size)
E N D , n. extreme or last part of kasinlaki; alike, kawangis, ka-
anything, dulo, duluhan; con- tulad.
clusion, wakds; katapusdn; ob- E Q U I P M E N T , n. mga kagamitdn.
ject aimed at, tunguhin, punta- ERA, n. panahon.
hin. E R A S E , v. payiin, pawiin, bura-
E N D E A V O R , n. pagsasakit; pag- hin, Sp.
susumakit. ERECT adj. patayo; patindig;
3 3 N D L E S S , adj. waldng-wakds; straight up and down, tuwid.—
waldng-katapusdn. v. to build, magtayo, itayd.
E N D U R A N C E , n. tatdg; tagdl. ERROR, n. kamdlian.
E N E M Y , n. kaaway. E R U P T , v. pumutok.
E N F O R C E , v. magpatupdd, ipa-
E S C A P E , v. magtanan, tumakas.
tupdd.
ESCORT, n. abay.—v. uma-bay,
E N G I N E , n. mdkind, Sp. abayan.
E N G I N E E R , n. man skilled in en-
gineering, inhinyero, Sp. E S O P H A G U S , n. lalamunan.
ESPECIALLY, adv. laid na.
E N G L I S H , n.-adj. Ingles.
E N G R A V E , v. mag-ukit, ukitin, E S S A Y , n. literary composition,
iukit. I-, sanaysdy, cw.
E N J O Y , v. magtamasa, pagtama- E S S E N C E , n. quality of a thing,
sahan. kakaniyahdn; substance made
E N O U G H , adj.-adv. kainaman: from plant, drug, etc., kakang-
eapdt. gatd.
E N R O L L , v. magpatald. E S T A B L I S H , v. mag tatdg, itatdg;
E N S L A V E , v. alipinin, busabusiyt* magtayo, itayd.
E N T E R , v. pumasok, paaukin. E S T E E M , n. pagtatangl; pagti-
E N T E R T A I N , v. to amuse, divert, ngin.
libangin; (self) maglibdng. E T E R N A L , adj. waldng-hang g an.
E N T H U S I A S M , n. sigld. E T E R N A L L Y , adv. magpajcaildn
E N T I R E , adj. bud. pa man.
E N T R A I L S , n. internal parts EULOGY, n. papuri.
of animal bodies, lamdng-loob;
the intestines, kaliliitan. E V A P O R A T E , v. sumingdw; ma-
E N T R A N C E , n. means or place igd.
for entering, pasukdn. E V E N , adj. level, pantdy regu-
E N T R E A T , v. makiusap, pakiusar lar, matining; not odd, paris.—
pan; mamanhik, pamanhikdn. adv. at the very time, noon pa
E N U M E R A T E , v. isd-isahin; bay- man; still (more), laid pa.
baying isd-isdi E V E N I N G , n. gabi.—e. star, ta-
E N V E L O P E , n. sobre, Sp. lang panggabi.
Event 33 Exquisite
E V E N T , n. pangyayari. E X E R C I S E , n. pagsasanay; pro-
EVER, adv. kailanmdn. gram, paldtuntunan.
EVERY, adj. bawa't. E X H A U S T I O N , n. fatigue, kapa-
EVERYBODY, pron. bawa't tao; galdn, hapb.
all, lahdt. E X H I B I T , v. ipakita; itanghdl.
E V E R Y O N E , pron. bawa't isd; all, E X H I B I T I O N , n. pakita; tang-
lahdt. hdl; (place of) tanghalan.
E V E R Y W H E R E , adv. saanmdn. E X I S T , v. to live, mabuhay.
E V I D E N C E , n. katunayan. t E X I T , n. departure, pag-alis,
E V I D E N T , adj. kita; halatd. pagyao; a passage out, labasan.
EVIL, adj. harmful, nakasdsamd; E X P A N D , v. lumaki; lumapad;
bad, masamd. mangalat.
EXACT, adj. tumpdk; correct, E X P E D I T I O N , n. a march, or
wasto; sukdt na sukdt. voyage by a group of persons
EXAGGERATION, n. pagmama- for a purpose, pandadayuhan;
labis. espedisyon, Sp.
EXAMINATION, n. pagsubok; E X P E N S E , n. gugol; gastos, Sp.
pagsusulit; iksamen, Sp. E X P E N S I V E , adj. costly, mahdl;
E X A M I N E , v. to test, subukin; 7nahalagd; magastos, Sp.
iksaminin, S p . ; investigate, siya- EXPERIENCE, n karanasan;
satin. esperyensiyd, Sp.
EXAMPLE, n. halimbawa; a pat- E X P E R I M E N T , n. trial, pagti-
tern, tulardn. tikim; test, pagsubok.
E X C E E D , v.- lumampds, humigit. E X P E R T , n.-adj. dalubhasa.
E X C E L L E N C E n. kagalingdn. E X P I R E , v. matapos; to die, ma-
E X C E L L E N T , adj. magaling. matdy.
EXCEPT, prep, kundi; mdliban EXPLAIN, v. magpaliwanag;
sa; liban sa. magpalinaw; ipaliwanag; Una-
EXCEPTION, n. taliwds; katali- win.
wasan. E X P L A N A T I O N , n. paliwanag.
E X C E S S , n. kalabisdn.—adj. la- E X P L I C A B L E , adj. mdipaliliwa-
bis, nag.
E X C H A N G E , n. pdlitan. E X P L O D E , v. pumutok; sumam-
EXCLAIM, v. bumulalds. bulat.
EXCLAMATION, n. bulalds. — e. E X P L O S I O N , n. putok.
point, bantds na pandamddm, E X P L O S I V E , n. paputok.
EXCURSION, n. pagliliwaliw. E X P O R T n. luwds.—v. magluwds.
E X C U S E , v. to offer a n apology E X P O R T A T I O N , n. pagluluwds.
for something done, humingi E X P O S E , v. to make known, iha*
ng paumarihin; let a fault for- yag; ilahad.
given, patawarin, pagpaumanhi- E X P O S I T I O N , n. paglalahad; pag-
ndn.—n. act of, pagpapauman- sasaysdy.
hin; apology, paghingi ng pau- E X P R E S S , v. ipahayag; to as-
manhin. sert, ibadyd; ipagbadyd.
E X E C U T I V E , adj. mapanupdd; E X P R E S S I O N , n. pahayag; pag-
having to do with the applica- papahayag.
tion of laws, tagapagpatupdd. E X P R E S S I V E , adj. malamdn.
E X E M P T , adj. free, malaya. E X Q U I S I T E , adj. marikit.
Extemporaneous Fascination
EXTEMPORANEOUS, adj. pe- nressing, katasm. katasan.
nandali; panandalian: biglaan. EXTRAORDINARY, adj. di-
EXTEND, v. paabutin; (ln 'Pano karaniwan.
length) pahabatn; (in time) EXTRAVAGANT, adj. excessive,
patagaltfn. labis: wasteful, mapag-aksaya.
EXTREME, adj. farthest away,
EXTENT. n. (in space) lawak. ka.la.y{t-laynan; last, huli; final,
kalawakan; (in time) tagal, katapusan. ·
lawig; measure, sukat: limit. EXTREMITY, n. the very end,
hanggan; size. laki: .compass, dulo; the very edge, duyo, tang-
saklaw. wa: the very tip, dungg6f.
EXTERMINATE. v. lipulin: to EXULT, v. magsaya; tnagalcik.
annihilate, puksa£n. EYE, n. matd.
EXTRA, adj. karagdagan; ekstra, EYEBROW, n. kilay.
EYEGLASS, n. salaming pan.Q-
Sp. mat6..
EXTRACT. n. estrakto, Sp.; ka- EYELETS, n. uhetes, Sp.
tas; gata.-v. to pull by the EYELID n. ta1:ipmat6.; talukap
roots, bunutin; obtain juice by ng matd.

F
FAIR, adj. pleasing to the eye, FAMINE, n. pagkakagutom, tag-
marikit; beautiful, magandd.; gutom, gutom.
satisfactory, nakas£siya; just, FAMOUS, adj. well known, ban-
makattirungan.-n. bazaar, per- t6g; known about, balita; kila-
ya, Sp.; exhibition, tanghalan. la; popular, popular.
FAITH, n. pananampalataya; FAN, n. (folding) abaniko; pa-
trust, pagtitiwala; belief, pani- maypay.
niwald; reliance, pananalig. F'ANCY, n. guniguni; phantas-
FAITHFUL, adj. tapat na lo6b; magoria, kinikita; whim, ka-
constant, matimtiman. g?tstuhan.
FALL, v. mahulog; malagldg. FANG, n. pangil.
FALSE, adj. not real, di-tunay; l<~AR, adv. malayo.
imitation, huwad; untrue, di- FARE, n. sum paid for a jour-
toto6; disloyal, taksf.l; lilo; ly- ney, pasahe, Sp.; bayad.
ing, sinungaling, bulaan; dis- FAR EAST, n. Dulong Silanga.r1.
honest, waltfng-dangal. FAREWELL, n. paalam; pama-
F ALSEHOQD, n. kasinungali- maalam.
ngan, kabulaanan. FARMER, n. magbubukid.
FAME, n. kabantugan; kabunyian. FASCINATING, adj. nalcnlJibi:!-
FAMILIAR, adj. acquainted, ki- hani; kabigM-bighant.
lala; known, aldm. FASCINATION, n. kabighanian;
FAMILY, n. pamilya, Sp.; anak, state of being fascinated, pao-
magaanak; clan, angkd.n. kabighani.
 Fashion 35 Fidelity
FASHION, n. mode, vogue, moda, F E B R U A R Y , n. Pebrero, Sp
Sp.; karaniwan, palasak. FEDERAL adj. pederdl Sp.;
FAST, adv. rapidly, mabilis; zang-isahan, nc.
swiftly, matulin. F E E , n. (for service) upa, devet-
F A S T E N , v. to tie, itali, talian; 80S, S p . ; (for admission *>r
attach, ikabit. membership in an association)
F A S T I D I O U S , adj. maselang. butdw; (for license) bay ad; t b
F A T , adj. matabd. pabuyd; gratuity, gantimpagdl;
F A T A L , adj. fateful, nakasdsawi, • for rental service) paupa.
mortal, nakamdmatdy. F E E B L E , adj. weak, mahina; in-
F A T E , n. palad, kapalaran; des- firm, masasaktin.
tino, Sp.; tadhana. F E E L , v. damdamin, dumamddm;
F A T H E R , n. amd. ne able to f., mdramdamdn; ma-
F A U L T , n. kapintasan; flaw, de- kdramddm; become a w a r e of,
fect, depekto, Sp.; sird. madamd, damahin.
FAVOR, v. mabutihin, magali- F E E L I N G , n. pakiramddm; emo-
ngln; to approve, sang-ayunan, tion, damdamin.
pagtibayin; support, tangkili- FELLOW,. n t companion, kasama;
fcin, katigan,—n. granting of a (of the same faith) kapanalig;
request, pairog; appreciation, one of a pair, kaparis; the other
esteem, pagtatangi; approving half, kabiydk; member of a so-
regard, pagtingin. ciety. kasaplt kaanib.
FAVORABLE, adj. harmonious,
kaayon, katugmd; convenient, F E M A L E , n. & adj. babae.
maluwdg; timely, ndpapanahon; F E M I N I N E , adj. pambabae.
advantageous, mabentaha, Sp. F E N C E , n. bakod.
FAVORITE, n. one preferred, hi- F E R N , n. (common & edible)
rang, pill; one particularly es- pako.
teemed, tangiy itindtangx; kina- F E R R Y , n. bantilan, tdwiran.
glgiliwan, kinalulugddn. F E R T I L E , adj. fruitful, mabu-
FEAR, n. takot.—v. matakot, ka- nga; luxuriant, malago; rich,
takutan. muyaman; (of soil) matabd*
F E A R F U L , adj. inspiring dread, F E R T I L I Z E R , n. abono, S p . ; pa-
nakatdtakot. tabd.
F E A R L E S S , adj. waldng-takot. F E S T I V A L , n. pagdiriwang; feast,
F E A S T , n. pistd, Sp.; an elabo- pistd, Sp.
rate repast, handaan; banquet, F E T C H , v. to go after and bring,
piling, bangkete, Sp. sunduin, kaunin; carry, dalhin.
F E A T H E R , n. tiny hairs, bala- F E V E R , n. lagndt; (slight) say-
fiibo; plumage, plumahe, Sp.; ndty ainat.
pakpdk. F E V E R I S H , adj. nildlagndt; si~
F E A T U R E , n. distinctive char- ndsayndt; maysinat, sinisinat.
acter, katangian; characteris- F I B E R , n. labayin, himaymdy.
tics of facial expression (fea- F I C K L E , adj. sdlawahan.
tures), pagmumukhd; promi- FICTION, n. kathd.
nent item (as in a program), F I D E L I T Y , n. katapatdn; pag-
tampdky pinaka-tampoki kamatapdt,
Field 36 Flock
FIELD, n. land cleared for till- FIRST, adj. una, Sp.
ing, lindng; plowed land, ara- FISH, n. isdd.
ruhan; land intended for farm- FISHERMAN, n. mdngingisdd;
ing, bukid; uncultivated land, mdmamalakaya.
parang; a field of action (in FISHERY, n. a fish pond, pdngis-
science, arts, or letters) lara-
daany paldisdaan.
ngan.
FIERCE, adj. balawis; savage, FIT, adj. proper, ~dapat; suitable,
mabangis intense, masidhi. bagay, angkop, tumpdk.
FIERY, adj. maapoy; ardent, FIVE, n.-adj. lima.
maalab. FIX, v. to make stable, patibayin;
FIFTEEN, n. & adj. labinlimd. repair, gawin.
FIFTH, n. & adj. ikalimd; pan- FIXED, adj. firm, pirmi, nakapir-
lima, mi; stable, matibay, matatdg;
FIFTY, n.-adj. UmampH. unchangeable (irreducible), di-
FIG, n. (Bot.) igos, Sp. mabdbago, waldng-pagbabago.
FIGHT, v. to contend in battle, FLAG, n. watawat, bandild, Sp.
makibaka, bumaka; war against,
mandigmd; meet in combat, FLAME, n. lingas, ningasf dingas.
lumaban, labanan; contend FLASH n. kisldp, dikldp.
against each other, maglaban. FLAT, adj. level, pantdy; even,
FIGHTER, n. manlalabdn. patag; having breadth and even-
FILE, n. kikil. ness but little thickness, lapdd*
FILL, v. punuin. FLATTER, v. manghibb; hibuin;
FILTER, n. saladn. — v. salain, manghibok, hibukin.
mug said. FLATTERY, n. panghihibb, pang-
FINAL, adj. wakds, pangwakds. hihibok; hibb, hibok.
FINALLY, adv. sa wakds. FLAVOR, n. taste, lasa.
FINANCE, n. paldsalapian; pi.,
pananalapi. FLEE, v. tumakas, magtanan.
F I N D , v. mdtagpudn, mdkita; to FLEET, adj. swift, matulin. — n.
discover, mdtuklasdn. navy, plota, Sp.
FINE, n. multa, Sp.—adj. delicate, FLESH, n. lamdn; meat for food,
mainam. lamdn, karne, Sp.
FINERY., n. parikit. FLESHY, adj. malamdn.
FINGER, n. daliri.
FINISH, v. to complete, yariin; FLICKER, v. umanddp-anddp.
bring to an end, tapusin, waka- FLIGHT, n. paglipdd.
sdn. FLING, v. ipukol; ibato; iitsd, Sp.
FIRE, n. apdy. FLIRT, v. manlimbdng; makipag-
FIREFLY, n. alitaptdp. limbangan.—n. manlilimbdng.
FIREMAN, n. (of fire depart- FLIRTATIOUS, adj. mapanlim-
ment) bumbero, Sp.
FIRM, adj. hard, matigds.; com- bang.
pact, pipis; stable, matibay; ri- FLOAT, v. lumutang.
gid, hapity maigting; enduring, FLOCK, n. (of animals) kawan;
matatdg. (of birds) langkdy.
Flood 37 Fork
FLOOD, n. baha.—v. bumahd. FOOLISH, adj. ulol; usldk; loko,
FLOOr, n. sahig. Sp.; ungds.
FLORID, adj. mabulakldk. FOOT, n. pad.
FLOUR, n. arina, Sp.; (of cas- FOOTBALL, n. putbol, Eng.
sava) gawgdw. FOOTPRINT, n. bakds ng pad.
FLOURISH, v. to prosper, luma- FOOTSTEP, n. hakbdng; foofc-
go; yumabong; umunldd. fall, yabdg.
FLOW, v. umagos; (in small FOR, prep, intended for, para sa,
quantities) dumaloy; to stream, para, kay; ukol sa, ukol kay;
as from a faucet, tumulo. because of, dahil sa.—conj. be-
FLOWER, n. bulakldk. cause, sapagkdH.
FLOWERY, adj. mabulakldk. FORBID, v ipagbawal, magba-
FLUENT, adj. (of speech) ma- wal.
FORCE, n. lakds; violence, dahds;
tatds. power, kapangyarihan.
FLUID, adj. tundw, lusdw.
FLUTTER, v. to wave in the wind FORCED, adj. compulsory, sdpili-
tdn.
(as a flag), wumagaywdy; cause FOREFATHER, n. ninunb; pi.,
to f., pawagaywayin. mga pinagnunuan.
FLY, v. lumipdd.—n. house f.. la- FOREHEAD, n. nod.
ngaw. FOREIGN, adj. (things, ideas,
FOAL, n. bistro, Sp. customs) banyagd; (persons)
FOAM, n. buld, kapa, Sp.; froth, dayuhan: tayaibdng bansd.
halagap, halipawpdw. FOREMAN, n. kapatds, Sp.; fed-
FOCUS, n. katumbukdn.—v. itum- tiwald.
bok. FOREMOST, adj. kdund-unahan;
FODDEK, n. kumpdy. pdngunahin.
FOE, n. kaaway; kalaban. FOREST, n. gubat; woodland,
FOG, n. ulap, alapadp. kakahuyan.
FOLD, v. to double up (as paper FORESTER, n. manggugubdt.
or cloth), tiklupin; bend over a FORESTRY, n. (science of) pa-
part, ilupi, lupidn. Idgubatan, nc.
FOLDED, adj. tiklop; nakatiklop. FOREVER, adv. magpakailan-
FOLK, n. people (in general), mdn.
mga' tao; relatives, kamag-anak. FOREVERMORE, adv. magpakai-
FOLKLORE, n. alamdt. lan pa mdn.
FOLLOW, v. sumunod, sundin. FORGE, n. smithy, pandayan.—
FOLLOWER, n. kasunod; disciple. v. pandayin.
alagdd; one of the same sect or FORGET, v. Kalimutan, limutin;
party, kapanalig. to fail to recall, mdkalimu-
tan, malimutan; leave behind
FOLLY, n. kabaliwan; foolish- through oversight, maiwan; md-
ness, kaululdn. kaligtadn.
FOND, adj. mairugin; mawilihin, FORGIVE, v. patawarin, magpa-
maibigin. tawad.
FOOD, n. pagkain. FORGIVENESS, v. kapatauardn.
FOOL, n.-adj. hangdl; ulol; idiot, FORK, n. (of table silver) rcne-
tang a, dor, Sp.; (of road) sambdt.
Form 38 Front
FORM, n. any6; hugis. F R A Y E D , adj. nisnis.
F O R M A L , adj. porm&l, Sp. F R E C K L E , n. pekas, Sp.
F O R M E R , adj.-pron., ang ndund. F R E E , adj. malaya; gratuitous,
nduund; previous, dati. waldng-bayad; licentious, lay a;
F O R M E R L Y , adv. dati; in past loose (of animals), alpas v. to
time, noong una; noong araw. liberate, palayain; be free, hi-
F O R M U L A , n. pormuld, Sp. maya.
F O R S A K E , v. pabayaan: leave, FREEDOM, n. kalayaan.
iwan; desert, layasan: iumayas. FREIGHT, n. cargo, dald, lulan,
F O R T , n. mudg; kuta. kargd, Sp.
F R E N C H , n.-adj. Pranses.
F O R T I F Y , v. patibayan; palaka-
sin, F R E Q U E N T , adj. malimit, ma-
dalds.
F O R T U N A T E , adj. mapaivl. F R E S H , adj. sariwa; new, bago;
F O R T U N E , n. vortuna, S p . ; pa- cool, refreshing, malamig. «
lad, kapalararu F R E T F U L , adj. irritated, nayd-
F O R T Y , n.-adj. apatnapH. yamdt; captious, maligalig.
F O R W A R D , adv. onward, patuloy. FRIAR, n. prayle. Sp.
F O U L , a d j . dirty, marumi; mo- FRICTION, n. pingki, pingJdan.
rally offensive, mahalay; loath- F R I D A Y , n. Biyernes. Sp.
some, nakapandidiri, nakasu3U- F R I E D , adj. prito, Sp.; pinirito,
kldm. Sp.
F O U N D A T I O N , n. basis, bataydn; F R I E N D , n. kaibigan.
pdbataydn. F R I E N D L Y , adj. paldkaibigan;
F O U N D E R , n. maytatag. affable, magiliw.
F O U N T A I N , n. bukdl; balong. F R I E N D S H I P , n. pagkakaibigan.
F O U R , n.-adj. apat. F R I G H T E N , v. sindakin; takutin.
F O U R T E E N , n.-adj. labing-apat. F R I G H T F U L , adj. kasinddk-sin*
ddk, nokasisinddk; katakot-
F O U R T E E N T H , n.-adj. ikalabing-
tnkot. nakat-dtakot.
apat.
FRILLS, n. pleges, pilyeges, Sp.
F R A G M E N T , n. kaputol; kapira-
F R I N G E , n. lamuymoy; palawit.
80, Sp.
FRIVOLITY, n. (of persons) ka-
F R A G R A N T , a d j . mabango; ma-
parakdn.
halimuyak.
F R A I L , adj. mahina. FRIVOLOUS, adj. (of persons)
pardk; (of things) waldng-
F R A M E , n. bastag; (for pic-
kavararakan,
tures) kuwadro, S p . ; (for em-
broidery) bastidor, S p . ; basta- FROG, n. palaka.
FROLICSOME, adj. playful, w o -
gan.
laro; gamboling, malikot.
F R A T E R N A L , adj. pangkapatid.
FROM, prep, sa; coming of, out
pangkdpatiran.
of, gating sa, muld sa; begin-
F R A T E R N I T Y , n. pagka-kapatid: ning at, buhat sa, magmuld sa.
k&patiran. F R O N T , n. forepart, unahdn;
F R A U D , n. praude, S p . ; deceit, van, bungad; position directly
day a; artifice, laldng, linldng. before or facing, harapdn.
Frontier 39 Gallery
FRONTIER, n. dului&Gn; hamggt~r FUN, n. kasayahan; katuwaan.
naa. FUNCTION, n. tungkfdia.
FRONTISPIECE, n. rnt.ltada; FUND, n. potado, Sp.; capital, pu-
unang panig, unaRg VJukM. hunan; money set apart for ex-
FROWN. v. mo.gkuft6Hio6; to penses, lad.ng-gugulia
scowl, 81&mimaRgot. FUNDAMENTAL, adj. pdbo.ta-
FRUGAL, adj. sparing, mapo.g- flan; serving as foundation,
arimul&utatin; ~nomical. mtJ- pdmant1&ngan; primary, ptf.ni-
simpdn; thrifty, matip{cl. mulo.o.n.-n. primary principle,
FRUIT, n. bufl/la; pl. pn&taa, Sp., simulo.in; basis, bataydn; foun-
mga liungang-kalaor/. dation, pdmantungan.
FRillTFUL, adj. mabutaga. FUNERAL, n. libing, paglilibing.
FRUITLESS, adj. tiJtJldng-bKRga; FUNEREAL, adj. panlilnng.
barren, palult; sterile, kutad; FUNNY, adj. katawd-tawd.
(of persons) baog. FURIOUS, adj. nagngangalit.
FRY, n. tiny fish, gud; dulORg; FURNACE, n. kaldera. Sp.
small f., tiiiCt&ting isd4.-v. to apuyaa.
cook with fat in a pan, magpi- FURNISH, v. pagkaloobdn; big-
rito, ipirito, Sp.
~UEL, n. panggo.tong. flaa.
FULFILL, v. to carry out, gaan; FUROR, n. gul6; stir, balasaw.
tuparin; execote, perform, gflr FURROW, n. tu.dling; bagbag ng
napfa. an~ro.
FULL, adj .. pu.O· satilratecl, UpcSs FURTHER, adj. karagdagan;
puspcSs; satiated, bus6g. • more distant, lo.long mtJlaflo.-
FUME, n. asb6k; smoke, ascS, adv: lo.lO na, lal6 f!G. .
I&80k. FUR"CNCLE, n .. bod, rnusa; ab-
FUMIGATE, v. pll1l8l&kan, 9J111,f1- seess, tumor, bag4.
pausok; (with incense or herbs), FURY, n. pagngangalit.
81&ttbin. FUSE, n. (Elect.) pusible, Sp.

(j
GAIETY, n. kasayahan; kasigla- GAINFUL, adj. yielding profit,
luin. mapagtUtubuan; beneficial, ma-
GAILY~ adv. masaf/d; gleefully, pakikinabangan.
tuwang-tuwd. GALE, n. strong wind, hanging
GAIN, v. to make a profit, mo.g- malakds.
tubO; obtain a benefit, makina- GALL, n. bile, apdO; rancor, ga-
bang; obtain an advantage, lit, yam6t.
magkabentaka, Sp.- n. profit, GALLANT, adj. chivalrous, buti-
tubo; benefit, pakinabang; ad- hin; mai'I'Kgin.
vantllge, kapandigan, bentaha, GALLERY, n. platform on side
Sp. and end walls of a theatre,_ pal-
Gallop 40 Gesticulate
ko, Sp.; exhibition building for GEAR, n. wheels with adjusted
works of art, etc., tangkalan. parts to each other, engranahe,
GALLOP, v. to run with a suc- Sp.
cession of springs or leaps, ku- GEM, n. jewels, hiyds (Sp. joyas) ;
mabig; cause to g., magpaka- pearl, perlas, Sp., mutya.
big. GENDER, n. (Gram.) kasarian.—
GALLOWS, n. bibitaydn. Femmine g., kasariang pam-
GAMBLE, v. to play a game for babae.—Masculine g., kasariang
money, maghuwego, Sp.; play panlalaki.
cards for money, magsugdl, Sp. GENERAL, adj. relating to a
—n. game for money, hvAvego, whole, panlahat.—n. title above
sugdl. colonel, henerdl, Sp.
GAMBLER, n. hugador, Sp.; GENERATION, n. of the steps in
magsusugal, mdnunugal, Sp.; a line of descent, saling-ang-
sugarol, Sp. colloq. kdn; salinlahi, nc.
GAME, n. lard. GENEROSITY, n. kagandahany-
GARAGE, n. garahe, Eng. loob; liberality, pagkabukds-ka-
GARBAGE, n. basura, Sp.; sukal. mdy, pagkamapagbigdy.
GARDEN, n. halamanan; hardin, GENEROUS, adj. magandang-
Sp. loob; liberal, bukds-kamdy, ma-
GARDENER, n. hardinero, Sp..; pagbigdy.
inaghahalamdn. GENIAL, adj. magiliw; mairugin;
G .RGLE, n. magmumog; v j,gka- cordial, bukds-pusb; friendly,
lagkdg. paldkaibigdn.
GARLAND, n. wreath of flowers, GENIUS, n. a very gifted person,
koronang bulakldk. talining, nc.; great natural abil-
GARLIC, n. bawang, ity, kataliningan, nc.
GARMENT, n. damit; bard. GENTLE, adj. mabinx; mahinhin;
docile, masunurin; soft, bana-
GARRULOUS, adj. matabil; talk- yad.
ative, masalitd. GENTLEMAN, n. mdginoS; gi-
GARTER, n. ligas, Sp.; garter, noo.
Eng. GENUINE, adj. tunay; pure, da-
GAS, n. gas; petroleum, petrolyo, lisay; lantdy.
Sp.; gasoline, gasolina, Sp. GEOLOGY, n. heolohiya, Sp.
GASKET, n. sapm, pansapin. GEOGRAPHY, n. heograpya, Sp.
GATE, n. tdrangkahan; pasukdn. GEOMETRY, n. heometriya, Sp.
GATHER, v. to bring together, GERM, n. seed, binhi; sprout,
tipunin; collect, magtipon. paltoky (of mongos, toge, tawge,
GATHERING, n. pagtitipon: ka- Ch.); microbe, mikrobyo, Sp.;
tipunan. origin, pinagmuldn.
GAUDY, adj. maringal. GERMAN, n. Alemdn, Sp.
GAUZE, n./gasa, Sp. GERMICIDE, n. pamatdy-mikrob-
GAVEL, n. malyete, Sp. yo, Sp.
GAY, adj. masayd; lively, ma- GERUND, (Gram.) verbal noun,
sigld. pandiwang makangalan.
GAZE, tumitig, titigan.—n. tt- GESTICULATE, v. magkikiya;
tig. magkukumpds.
Gesture 41 Go-between
G E S T U R E , n. action, kilos, ga- brightness, ningning na nakasi-
Idw. silaw.
GET, v. to obtain, makuha (un- GLASS, n. bubog; mirror, sala-
intentional, mdkuha) ; kunin; min.
acquire, matamo (unintentional,
G L A S S W A R E , n. babasagin..
mdtamo).
GHOST, n. multo, (Sp. muerto). GLEAM, n. banaag; flash of
GIANT, n. higante, Sp. light, kisldp, sinag.—-v. buma-
GIDDY, adj. feeling dizzy, nahi- naag, mamanaag; to flash, ku-
hilo, naliliyo; whirling rapidly, misldp.
nag-iinikot, nag-iinog. GLIMMER, v. umanddp-anddp;
GIFT, n. bigdy; something be- kumurdp-kurdp; kumisdp-kisdp.
stowed, gawad; a present, ala- GLIMPSE, n. sigldw; bigldng ti-
ala, regalo, Sp.; donation, ka- ngin; glance, sulyap.
loob; benefaction, biyayd. GLITTER, n. kindntf.
GIFTED, adj. matalino, matalas. GLOAMING, n. takipsilim.
GILD, GUILD, n. mutual aid as- GLOBE, n. globo, S p . ; a spherical
sociation, samahdng-damaydn.— body, bilo.
v. to overlay or wash with gold,
GLOOM, n. lagim; obscurity, ka-
gintudn, duraduhin, Sp.
rimldn; melancholy, kalumba-
GIN, n. hinyebra, Sp.; wine, alak.
GINGER, n. (Bot.) luya. yan.
GIPSY, n. hitano, (fern, hitana), GLORIFY, v. paluwulhatian*
Sp. GLORIOUS, adj. maluwalhati.
GIRDLE, n. bigkis; belt, sintu- GLORY, n. luwalhatl.
ron Sp. GLOTTIS, n. (Anat.) lalamunan.
GIRL, n. batang babae. GLOVE, n. guwantes, S p . ; (in
GIST, n. substance, kakanggata; baseball) glab, Eng.
main point, buod; theme, paksd. GLOW, v. to give out a bright
GIVE, v. magbigdy, ibigdy, big- light, magliwanag.
yan; to bestow, igawad; donate, G L U E , n. kola, S p . ; pandigkit;
ipagkaloob. pangkola, pangolcj,, Sp.
GIZZARD, n. balumbalunan. G L U T T O N O U S , adj. greedy, ma-
GLAD, adj. pleased, ruilulugod, takaw; voracious, masiba.
natutuwd; joyful, nagdgaldk.
G N A T , n. niknik.
GLADNESS, n. lugod, tuwd; *ga~
Idk. G N A W , v. ngatngatin; pang-itin.
GLAMOR, n. halina; witchery, GO, v. to proceed, magpatuloy;
lamuyot. move forward, sumulong; take
steps, a s in walking, lumakad;
GLAMOROUS, n. mapanghalina;
bewitching, mapanlamuyot. depart, uynalis.
GLANCE, n. sulydp.—v. sumul- GOAL, n. tunguhin, puntahin; (in
ydp.—To g. at, sulyapdn. games as football) gol, Eng.
GLARE, v. to look fiercely, umi- GOAT, n. kambing.
rap, irapan; shine with a dazz- G O - B E T W E E N , n. bugaw; tuldy,
ling light, magningning. — n. fig.; intermediary, tagapamagi-
fierce look, irap; dazzling tan.
God 42 Grassy
GOD, n. Diyos, Sp.; Bathala; kas, mabikas; beautiful, ma-
Creator, Lumikhd, MaykapdL gandd.
GODCHILD, n. indandk. GRACIOUS, adj. affable, mcgi-
GODDESS, n. diyosa, Sp.; diwata. liw.
GODFATHER, n. ninong (cor. GRADE, n. grado, Sp.; antds;
Sp., padrino). (at school) grado, Sp., haitdng;
GODHOOD, n. pagka-Diyos, Sp.; mark obtained at school, nota.
pagka-Bathald. GRADUAL, adj. unti-unti, utdy-
GOLD, n. ginto. utdy; step by step, hakbdng-
GOLDEN, adj. ginintudn: ginto. hakbdng; bai-baitdng.
GOLDSMITH, n. panddy-ginto ; GRADUATE, n. one who com-
platero, Sp. pleted studies at. school, grad-
GOLF, n. golp, Eng. wado, Sp., nagtapos.
GOOD, adj. mabuti; magaling. GRADUATION, n. (from school)
GOODBY, GOODBYE, n.-inter. pagtatapos.
(Said by person departing) Pa- GRAIN, n. butil.
alam na po; (said by person GRAM, n. gramo, Sp.
left) Adyos po.—n. act of fare- GRAMMAR, n. balarild; gramd-
well, pamamaalam. tikd, Sp.
GOODNESS, n. kabutihan; kagd- GRAMMATICAL, adj. pambala-
lingan. rild, makabalarild; panggramd-
GOOSE, n. gansd. tikd, Sp.
GORGEOUS, adj. marlldg; glit- GRANARY, n. barn, baysd, 6a-
tering in various colors, mari- ngdn.
kit, maringal. GRAND, adj. large, malaki;
GOSPEL, n. Ebanghelyo, Sp. great, dakild:
GOSSIP, n. talebearing, sitsit; GRANDCHILD, n. apo.
tsismes, Sp.; idle talk, satsdt, GRANDEUR, n. greatness, kada-
dalddl; yapydp, si. kiladn.
GOVERN, v. to control by author- GRANDFATHER, n. nunong la-
ity, makapangyayari; execute, laki; lolo, Sp.; lelong, Sp.; ing-
magpagandp, magpatupdd; man- kong.
age, mamahala, pamahalaan. GRANDMOTHER, n. nunong bar-
GOVERNMENT, n. pamahalaan, bae; lola, Sp.; lelang, Sp.; impo.
gubyerno, Sp. GRANT, v. to bestow, ipagkaloob;
GOVERNOR, n. gubemador, Sp.; give, ibigdy.
pund ng lalawigan. GRANULAR, adj. butil-butii.
GRAB, v. sunggabin; sunggabdn; GRAPE, n. ubas, Sp.
agawin, mang-agaw. GRAPEFRUIT, n. (Bot.) kahil.
GRACE, n. kariktdn; elegance of GRAPH, n. guhit-banghdy.
manner, tikas, bikas; good-will, GRASP, v. to seize and hold by
mabuting kaloobdn, magaang clasping, sunggabdn.
kaloobdn; favor, paid; grasya, GRASS, n. damd.
Sp. GRASSHOPPER, n. lukton, ba-
GRACEFUL, adj. marikit; ele- lang.
gant (manner, demeanor), mati- GRASSY, adj. madamo.
Grateful 43 Halfbreed
G R A T E F U L , adj kumikilala ng GROWL, v. umungol.—n. ungoL
utang na loab. GROWTH, n. tubo, sibol; pagtu-
GRATITUDE, n. pagkilala ng bo, pagsibol.
utdng na lodb. G U A R A N T E E , n. garantiya, Sp.;
GRAVE, n. place of burial, libi- promise, pangako; pledge, ako;
ngan.—adj. serious in sickness, something given in pledge,
malubhd. sangld.
GRAY, adj. gris, S p . ; ashy, abu- G U A R D , v. bumantdy, magbun-
hin, kulay-ab6. tdy; bantaydn.—n. bantdy.
GRAZE, v. to eat grass (said of G U A V A , n. (Bot.) bay abas.
animals), manginain. G U E S S , v. to predict, humulat hu-
GREASE, n. grasa, Sp. laan.—n. hula.
GREASY, adj. magrasa, S p . ; fat- G U E S T , n. panauhin, bisita, S p . ;
ty, matabd; oily, malangis. dalaw.
GREAT, adj. dakild. G U I D A N C E , n. pumamatnubay;
GREED, n. katakawan; gluttony,
leading by the hand, pag-akay.
kasibaan; covetousness, kaya-
G U I D E , v. patnubayan; to lead by
muan.
GREEN, n.-adj. lunti, lunti&n; the hand, akayin.—n. giya, S p . ;
berde, Sp. tagahatid, patnubay.
GREENHORN, n.-adj. baguhan. GUILTY, a d j . maysala; may ka-
GREET, v. bumati, batiin. salanan.
G R E N A D E , n. granada, Sp. GUITAR, n. gitara, Sp.
GRIEVE, v. to be in sorrow, ma- G U L F , n. lodk.
hapis, maadalamhatl; suffer G U L L E T , n. lalaugan.
woe, mamighati. G U N , n. baril, Sp.
GRIM, adj. stern, mahigpit; re- G U S T , n. (of wind) tiihip; sud-
lentless, waldng-badling. den rush of wind with rain,
GRIND, v. gilingin. triflivd.
GRINDER, n. giling&n. G U T T E R , n. alulod; roadside ca-
GRIP. n. firm hold, hawak, kapit. nal. bambdngt kandl. Sn.
GROAN, n. daing; hinaing. GUTTURAL, GLOTTAL, adj.
GROUP, n. pulutong; pangkdt; a (Gram.), impit, paimvit.
small crowd, (staying the GYMNASIUM, n. himnasyum,
while) umpdk, umpukan. Lat.
GROW, v. tumubd; sumibol. G Y R A T E , v. uminog, mag-iinog.

H
HA, inter. Ha! H A C I E N D A , n. asyenda, Sp.
HABIT, n. behavior, ugali, pag- HAIR, n. buhok; tiny h., balahibo.
H A I R P I N , n. talsok, aguhilya,
uugall; vice, bisyo, Sp. Sp.
H A B I T A B L E , adj. matitirahdn. H A L F , adj. kalahatl.
H A B I T U A L , adj. pangkaugalidn; H A L F B R E E D , n.-adj. mestiso,
pinagkaugalidn. Sp.; (of Negritoes) balugd.
Hall 44 Haunch
H A L L , n. bulwagan. —v. t o shelter, mag sang galdng,
H A L O , n. sinag sa ulo. mag-adyd; entertain, cherish
H A M , n. hamon, Sp. (as d e s i g n s ) , magtagldy.
H A M L E T , n. nayon; baryo, Sp. H A R D , adj. matigds; stern, ma-
H A M M E R , n. martilyo, S p . ; pa- higpit; difficult of accomplish-
mukpdk. m e n t , mahirap.
HAMMOCK, n. duyan. H A R D E N , v. manigds; to become
H A N D , n. kamdy. solid, mamuo.
H A N D B A G , n. hanbag, E n g . H A R D L Y , adv. bahagyd.
H A N D B O O K , n. hanbuk, Eng.; H A R D N E S S , n. katigasdn.
polyeto, Sp. (muntakldt), nc.) H A R D S H I P , n. privation, kasala-
H A N D F U L , a d j . sandakot, kara- tdn, kaddhupdn; oppression,
kot; a few, iil&n. kaapihan; severe labor, paghi-
H A N D I C A P , n. handikap, Eng.; hirap; suffering, pagdurusa.
h i n d r a n c e , sagabal, balakid. H A R D Y , adj. matatdg; robust-,
H A N D K E R C H I E F , n. panyo, Sp.; matipunb.
panyolito, Sp. H A R E L I P P E D , adj. bingdt.
H A N D L E , n. hawakdn, tatang- HARM, v. to hurt, saktdn; dam-
ndn,—v. to touch or feel with a g e or i n j u r e , strain, mantra.
the h a n d , hipuinf hawakan, H A R M F U L , a d j . nakasisird; na-
tangndn. kasdsamd, makasdsamd.
H A N D M A D E , adj. yari sa ka- H A R M L E S S , adj. di-makadan6.
mdy. HARMONICA, n. silindro, Sp.
H A N D S A W , n. sarutso, S p . HARMONIOUS, adj. magkatug-
H A N D S O M E , adj. well-formed, md.
HARMONY, n. pagkatugmd; tug-
mabikas, matipunb; beautiful,
magandd; elegant, makisig. tnaan.
H A R N E S S , n. guwarnisydn, Sp.
H A N D W R I T I N G , n. sulat-kamdy;
HARP, n. alpd, Sp.; lyre, lira,
characteristic writing, sulat,
Sp.; kudyapi.
pagsulat.
HARSH, a d j . mabagsik.
H A N G , v. to attach to something H A R V E S T , n. ani; (act of) pag-
above, isabit; suspend, ibitin; aani.—v. mag-ant.
put to death on the gallows, 6t- H A S T E , n. hurry, pagmamadali,
tayin. pag-aapurd, Sp.
H A N G M A N , n. berdugo, S p . ; ta- HASTY, adj. hurried, nagmdiiia-
gabitay. dali, mddalian; precipitate, da-
H A P H A Z A R D , adv. at random, Ids-dalds; apurado, Sp.
pasumald. HAT, n. sumbrero, S p . ; kupyd.
H A P P E N , v. mangyart. HATCHET, n. puthdw.
H A P P E N I N G , n. pangyayari. H A T E , v. mapodt, kapootdn.
H A P P I L Y , a d j . masayd; fortun- H A T R E D , n. poot, kapootdn.
ately, sa kabutihang palad. HAUGHTY, adj. mapagmatads;
H A P P I N E S S , n. ligaya, kaligaya- proud, palalo.
han; Joy, lugdd, galdk. H A U L , v. batakin, hilahin.
H A P P Y , a d j . maligaya. H A U N C H , n. pigi. — To sit on
HARBOR, n. doongdn, sadsaran. one's haunches, naningkaydd.
Have 45 Hence

HAVE, v. magkaroon. The prefix H E A R T B R O K E N , adj. may pu-

magka- expresses "to have" and song winddng,
takes the thing held, possessed, H E A R T L E S S , adj. waldng-puso.
felt, suffered, experienced, as H E A R T Y , adj. buong puso; cor-
magka-bahay, to h. a house; dial, magiliiv, mairog.
magka-lagndt, to h. fever. The H E A T , n. init; ardor, alab.
general sense of having is ex- H E A T H E N , n., di-binyagan. *
pressed by may or mayroon. H E A V E N , n. kalangitdn; sky, la-
HAWAIIAN, n. Hawayano, Sp. nc/it.
HAWK, n. lawin. H E A V E N L Y , adj. makalangit;
HAY, n. day ami; fodder, kumpdy. glorious, maluwalhath
HAZARDOUS, adj. dangerous, H E A V Y , adj. mabigdt.
mapanganib. H E C T A R E , n. ektarya, Sp.
HAZY, adj. dim, malabb, kulim- H E D G E , n. pimpin, nc.
lim. H E E D , v. pansinin; to take care,
HE, pron. siya. maa-ingaU pag-inaatan.
HEAD, n. ulo; chief, pund. H E E L , n. (of foot) sakong; (of
HEADACHE, n. sakit ng ulo. shoes) takong, Sp.
HEADING, n. title, pamagdt. H E I G H T , n. tads; altitude, tayog:
H E A D L A N D , n. promontory, hi- stature (of m a n ) , tangkdd, hag-
ngos; cape (sharp), tangos; wdv: elevation, timbdw, nc.
(slight) imus; peninsula, tang- H E I G H T E N , v. to raise, itads,
elevate, itimbdw.
way.
H E A D Q U A R T E R S , n. himpilan; H E I N O U S , adj. kalait-lait; hate-
kuwartel, Sp. ful, kapoot-poot.
HEAL, v. to cure, pagalingin; be- HEIR, n. tagapagmana.
come well, gumaling. H E L L , n. impiyerno, Sp.
HEALTH, n. kalusugan, colloq.; HELLO, inter. Halo!
soundness of body, kagdlingan HELM, n. ugit; timon, Sp.
ng katawdn. H E L M S M A N , n. tagaugit.
H E L P , n. tulong: — v. tumulong,
HEALTHY, adj. malusog, colloq.;
tulungan.
strong, malakds.
H E L P F U L , adj. matulungin, pit-
H E A P , n. bunton, Sp. (monton). latulong.
—v. to pile up, ibunton, mag-
H E L P L E S S , adj. unable to do
bunton. for oneself, waldng-kaya; un-
HEAPING, adj. overfull, paulo.
able to do anything about, wa-
HEAR, v. to perceive by the ear, lang-magawd.
mdrinig; attend or listen to, H E M I S P H E R E , n. half of the
makinig, pakinggdn; note well terrestial globe, hating-daigdigy
by listening, dinggin. n c ; half a sphere, hating-bilo.
HEARING, n. (sense of) pandi- H E M P , n. abakd.
nig.—Judicial h. paglilitis. H E N , n. female, egg-laying fowl,
H E A R S A Y , n. rumor, balita, bali- inahin.
balitd; common report, sabi- H E N C E , adv. from this time on,
sabi. inula ngayon; from this place,
HEART, n. (Anat.) pusb. muld rito; for this reason, rfa-
H E A R T B E A T , n. tibok ng puso. hil dito; kayd.
Henceforth . 46 Hoarse

HENCEFORTH, adv. muld nga- HIDEOUS, adj. ugly, pangit;

yon. h o r r i b l e , nakapangingilabot;
HENPECKED, adj. talusaya, O.T. shocking, ghastly, nakapanghi-
HER, pron. (prepositive) kanyd; hilakbot; repulsive, kasukldm-
(postpositive) niyd. sukldm.
HERB, n. damo. HIGH, adj. matads; elevated in
HERD, n. flock, kawan. location, matayog; exalted, bun*
H E R E , adv. dito. yi, mabunyi.
H E R E A F T E R , adv. from this HIGHWAY, n. dadng-bayan.
time forth, muld ngayon. — n. HIKE, v. maglakdd.—n. paglala*
the life after death, kabildng kdd.
buhay. HILL, n. burol.
HEREBY, adv. by virtue of this, HILLY, adj. burul-burol; maburol.
sa bisd nito. HILLSIDE, n. dahilig.
H E R E I N , adv. here, dito. HILT, n. puluhan.
H E R E O F , adv. of this, nito; HIM, pron.—To or for him, sa
about this, ukol dito; from this, kaniyd.
muld rito. HINDER, v. to obstruct, hadla-
HERETOFORE, adv. up to this ngdn; block, harangan.
time, hanggd ngayon. HINGE, n. (of door) bisagra, Sp.
HEREWITH, adv. kalakip dito. HINT, n. pahiwatig; indirect sug-
HERNIA, n. (Med.) luslos. gestion, paramddm; parinig.
HIP, n. (Anat.) balakdng.
HERO, n. bayani; taong magi-
HIRE, v. to employ for wages,
ting; chief character in a story, upahan; lease for temporary
play, etc., bida, Sp.; pdnguna- use, alkilahin, Sp.; upahan.
hing tauhan. HIS, pron. (prepositive) kaniyd;
HEROIC, adj. magiting; bdyani- (postpositive) niyd.
kin, nc. HISS, n. singasing.
HEROISM, n. kabayanihan; kagi- HISTORIAN, . n. mdnanaysdy;
tingan. mdnanalaysdy.
HERON, n. tagdk; kandangaok. HISTORIC, adj. makasaysayan.
HESITANT, adj. nag-dalangdn; HISTORY, n. kasaysayan; a nar-
nag-dalanganin; nag-datubili; rative or tale of events, salay-
paulik-ulik. sdy.
H E S I T A T E , v. to vacillate, mag- HIT, v. to give a blow to, ham-
alangdn; waver, mag-atubill; pasin; strike, patamaan.
mag-ulik-ulik, magpaulik-ulik. HITHER, adv. to (toward) this
H E W , v. to cut, as with an axe, place, paparito; to this point,
sibakin; palakulin. hanggdng dito.
HICCOUGH, HICCUP, n. (Med.) HIVE, n. beehive, bahay-pukyu-
sinok. tan.
HIDDEN, adj. tago, nakatago. HIVES, n. (Med.) urticaria, ta-
HIDE, v. to conceal (something) gulabdy; pamamantdl.
itago; (self) mag tago.—n. ani- HOARSE, adj. pagdw; pads; ma-
mal skin, katad, kuwero, Sp. Idt.
Hobby 47 Hostile

HOBBY, n. libangan; hobi, Eng. H O N O R A R Y , adj. pandangdl.

HOCK, n. back part of the hu- HONORIFIC, adj. pamitagan;
man knee joint (popliteal panggalang.
space), alakalakdn. HOOD, n. soft covering for head
HOE, n. asarol, Sp.; asada, Sp and neck, pandong; head cov-
HOG, n. pig, baboy. ering attached to cloak, kapnt-
HOLD, v. to grasp and keep in say S p . ; shoulder covering of a
the hand, hawakan; pigilan; ta- graduation gown, museta, Sp.
banan; retain, keep, itagb. HOOF, n. kuko (of horse, ng ka-
HOLDER, n. possessor, may ha- bayo).
tvak; owner, may-art; container, HOOK, n. kawit, pangawit; kala-
lalagydn, sisidldn. ivit.
HOLDUP, n. an attack with in- HOOKED, adj. curved like a hook,
tent to rob, panghaharang; baluktot.
pang-aabdt. HOOP, n. aroy Sp.; buklod.
HOLE, n. butas. HOP, v. to leap or jump over on
HOLIDAY, n. festival day, pistd, one leg, magkandirit
Sp.; a day of freedom from la- H O P E , n. pag-asa.
bor, araw na pahingd; a day of H O P E F U L , adj. umdasa; may-
abstinence, araw na pangilin; pag-asa.
vacation, bakasyon, Sp. H O P E L E S S , adj. ivaldng-pag-asa.
HOLINESS, n. sanctity, kasantu- HORIZON, n. kagiliran, nc.
hdn, Sp.; piety, kabdnalan; di- HORIZONTAL, adj. pahigd.
vineness, kabathaladn.
H O R N , n. sungay; trumpet made
HOLLOW, adj. guwdng, gudng.
of h., tambuli.
HOLY, adj. pious, banal; blessed,
pinagpald; sacred sagrado, Sp. H O R N E T , n. (Entom.) putakti.
HOMAGE, n. pintuhb; allegiance, H O R R I B L E , adj. nakapangingila-
pagkatig. bot; dreadful, nakszsinddk.
HOME, n. tdhanan. HORRID, adj. obnoxious, nakasu-
HOMELY, adj. simple, plain, lis- sukldm.
ding; cozy, maginhawa. H O R R I F Y , v. to fill witfc g r e a t
HOMEMADE, adj. yaring-sarili. fear, sindakin, maninddk.
HOMICIDE, n. phgpatdy sa kd- HORROR, n. kasindakdn, kataku-
puwd; omisidyo, Sp. tan.
H O N E S T , adj. honorable, mara- H O R S E , n. kabayo, Sp.-Mex.
ngdl; straightforward, tapdt. H O S E , n. socks, medyas, Sp.;
HONESTY, n. karangalan; flexible tube for conveying wa-
straightforwardness, katdpatan. ter from a faucet, balinddng, nc.
HONEY, n. pulot, pulut-pukyutan. H O S P I T A L , n. ospitdl, S p . ; batiay-
H O N E Y B E E , n. pukyutan. pdgamutan.
HONEYMOON, n. pulutgatd; IXL- HOST, n. one who entertains a n -
nademyel, Sp. other, ang may-anyaya, pxinong-
HONOR,' n. dangdl, karangalan; abala.
puri, kapurihdn. H O S T A G E , n. prenda, Sp.
H O N O R A B L E , adj. marangdl; il- H O S T I L E , adj. antagonistic, la-
lustrious, bunyi, mabunyi. ban, salungdt.
 Hostility 48 Hypothesis
H O S T I L I T Y , n. pagka-kalaban; pagkatao; human nature, kata-
pagka-salungdt. uhan.
H O T , adj. mainit; fiery, maapoy; H U M B L E , adj. lowly of feeling,
passionate, ardent, mapusok. mababang-loob; lowly in con-
H O U R , n. oras, Sp. dition, aba, hamalc: mean, im-
H O U S E , n. bahay; place of bi.—v. to abuse, abain, hama-
abode, tirahan. kin; humiliate, hiyain, iringin.
H O U S E H O L D , n. pamamahay. HUMID, adj. damp, halumigmig,
HOW, adv. in what manner, papa- moist, basdbasd.
ano; to what degree or extent, HUMIDITY, n. kahalumigmigdn.
gaano.—How good ? Gaanong HUMOR, n. state or temper of
kabuti?—How bad? Gaanong mind, lagdy ng loob; wit, kata-
kasama?—How many? Ilan— lasan; the funny side of things,
How much? Magkano?-—How katatawandn; the power to see
far? Gaanong kalayo?—How or tell the funny side of things,
near? Gaanong kalapit?—How pagkamapagpatawd.
long? Gaanong kahaba?—How HUMOROUS, adj. nakakdtawd.
long? (time) Gaanong katagdl?
H U N C H , n. kutob; kutob ng loob,
— H o w soon? Gaanong kadali?
H O W E V E R , adv. in whatever HUNCHBACK, n. kubd.
manner, $a papdnumdn.—conj. H U N D R E D , n. adj. sandadn; one
vet, notwithstanding, gayunmdn. "hundred, isdng dadn.
H O W L , v. umungal; to utter a H U N G E R , n. gutom.
loud, wailing cry (as, d o g s ) , tu- HUNGRY, adj. gutom.
mambdw; utter a prolonged cry H U N T , v. to search after, pag-
of pain or distress, umangal; hanapin.
roar, as the wind, umugong, H U R L , v. to throw violently, iha-
umungol. gis, ibanggit; cast down, ipukol.
H U B , n. ehe Sp. H U R R A H , inter. Mabuhay!
H U G , v. to embrace, yapusdn; ya- H U R R Y , v. to press on, magma-
dali; magdalds-dalds.
pusin.
H U R T , v. to inflict pain upon,
H U G E , adj. malaking-malaki.
manakit, saktdn; wound, suga-
H U M , n. buzzing, haging; sound tan.
through closed lips, higing; H U S B A N D , n. asawa. (Asawa,
rumble, ugong.—v. to buzz, hu- however, is of common gender.)
maging; sing with closed lips, H U S K , n. upak, talupak; bunot.
humiging; higingin. H Y M N , n. imnof Sp.
H U M A N , adj. pantao.—h., being, H Y P H E N n. (Gram.-) gitling.
tao.—h. race, sangkatauhan. HYPOCRISY, n. pagkamaldbigd.
H U M A N E , adj. makatao; compas- HYPOCRITE, adj. maldbigd.
sionate, mahdbagin, maawain; HYPODERMIC, adj. pambalam-
sympathetic, madamayin. ban.
H U M A N I T A R I A N , adj. makatao. HYPOGASTRIUM, n. (Anat.)
H U M A N I T Y , n. mankind a s a puson.
whole, sangkatauhan; state or H Y P O T H E S I S , n. theory, hakd;
quality of belonging to mankind, supposition, palagdy.
Ice 49 Imitate

I
I C E , n. yelo, Sp. IGNORANT, a d j. uneducated,
ICED, adj. elado, Sp.; may-yelo. mangmdng; uninstructed, ma-
ICEMAN, n. magyeyelo. nga.
ICING, n. tumpdng, nc. ILL, adj. may-sakit; may-karam-
ICY, adj. parang yelo; cold, mala- daman.
mig. ILLEGAL, adj. labdg sa batds.
I D E A , n. hagap; mental p a t t e r n , ILLEGIBLE, adj. di-mabasa.
kuru-kurb; plan, intention, hi- I L L I T E R A T E , n.-adj. unable t o
nagap, bantd; general notion, r e a d , di-makabasa; u n a b l e to
hakd, harayd; v a g u e thought, w r i t e , di-makasulat; ignorant,
wari-ivari; supposition, sapan- mangmdng.
tahdy akala. I L L N E S S , n. sakit; karamdaman.
I D E A L , adj.-n. embodying t h e per- I L L O G I C A L , a d j . wald sa katwU
fect example or type, ulirdn. ran.
I D E A L I S M , n. idealismo, S p . ; pa- I L L U S I O N , n. tagimpdn, harayd,
ngungulirdn, nc. n c ; m i s t a k e n perception, ma-
IDEALISTIC, adj. maka-idedl, ling-damd; delusion, talimit-
Sp.; kaulirandn, nc,; mapanga- wdng.
rapin. I L L U S T R A T E , v. to m a k e intel-
I D E A L I Z E , v. uliranin, nc. ligible b y concrete e x a m p l e s ,
IDIOM, n. l a n g u a g e of a people, isahalimbawd, maghalimbawd.
wikd; characteristic method of I L L U S T R A T I O N , n. p i c t u r e , la-
expressing a thought, wikain, rawan.
sdlitain. ILLUSTRIOUS, adj. mabunyt,
IDIOMATIC, adj. pang wikain, bunyi.
pansdlitain. IMAGE, n. larawan; imahen, Sp.
IDIOSYNCRASY, n. kagayu- I M A G E R Y , n. kaharayaan, nc.
ndn; oddity, pagka-kakatwd. I M A G I N A T I O N , n. p i c t u r e - f o r m -
I D I O T , n. uto; stupid person, ha- i n g power, panlalarawan; a no-
ngdl; senseless nerson, ungds; tion, hakd; harayd.
an imbecile, tulald. IMAGINATIVE, adj. maharayd,
I D L E , a d j . not occupied or em- mapagharaya; inventive, ma-
ployed, wald,ng-gindgaivd; not panlikhd; mapangathd.
used, di-gindgamit; indolent, I M A G I N E , v. t o form a m e n t a l
batugan; worthless, futile, wa- picture of, maglarawan (ilara-
Idng-kapararakan, wan) sa diwd; form a n idea of,
IDOL, n. idolo, Sp.; anito. hagapin, kuruin, hakain; think,
I F , conj. kung. isipin.
I G N O B L E , a d j . m e a n , imbi; ma- I M B U E , v. lipusin; to p e r m e a t e ,
rawal. tiamakin.
IGNOMINY, n. pagkadustd, ka- I M B U E D , a d j . lipos; permeated,
dustadn. tiamdk.
IGNORANCE, n. kamangmungdn; I M I T A T E , v. tumulad, tularan; to
kamaangdn. mimic, manggagad, gagarin;
Imitation 50 Incite
counterfeit, manghuwdd, huwa- I M P E R T I N E N T , adj. disrespect-
rdn; follow the example of, ful, waldng-pitagan, waldng-
manggaya, gumaya, gayakan. galang; intrusive, pang-abala,
I M I T A T I O N , n. (act of) panunu- pakialdm; insolent, rude, bas-
lad; counterfeit, huwdd. t6s.
IMITATOR, n. mdnunulad; mang- I M P E T U O U S , adj. hasty and
gagaya; counterfeiter, manghu- rash, gahasa, magahasd.
huwdd. IMPLORE, v. mamanhik, lumu-
I M M E D I A T E , adj. instant, dagli, hog, manikluhdd.
daglian. IMPLY, v. ipahiwatig; ipakahulu-
IMMEDIATELY, adv. agdd; gdn.
agdd-agdd. IMPOLITE, adj. rude, bastos;
I M M E N S E , adj. vast malawafc; disrespectful, waldng-pitagan,
huge, ma taking-malakL waldng-galang.
I M M E R S E , v. ilubog, palubugin; IMPORTANCE, n. value, halagd;
to dip, isawsdw; itubdg. weight, bigdt.
IMPORTANT, a d j . mahalagd;
IMMIGRANT, n. mandadayunan;
weighty, mabigdt.
dapo. IMPORTUNITY, n. kasugirdn.
IMMIGRATE, v. mandayuhan. IMPOSSIBLE, adj. imposible,
IMMIGRATION, n. pandadayuhan.
Sp.; cannot be, di-madari; can-
IMMORAL, adj. mahalay. not happen, di-mangydyari.
IMMORTAL, adj. waldng-kamdta-
IMPRESS, v. ikintdl.
yan. IMPRISON, v. ibilanggo.
I M M U N E , adj. di-talbdn.
I M P A R T , v. to give, ibigdy, ipag- IMPROBABLE, adj di-madari.
IMPROMPTU, adj. di-handd; big-
kaloob; give knowledge of, ipa- loan.
batid; reveal, ibunydg, ihaydg; IMPROVE, v. to make better, pa-
teach, iturb. butihin; pagalingin; grow bet-
I M P A R T I A L , adj. waldng-kiniki-
ter, bumuti, gumaling, umigi.
hngan.
I M P R U D E N T , adj. rash, pabigld-
I M P A T I E N T , adj. mainipin.
bigld.
I M P E A C H , v. to call in question,
ipalitis; arraign for misconduct I M P U D E N T , adj. offensively for-
in office, taluwalagin, nc. ward, waldng-pakundangan.
I M P E A C H M E N T , n. pagtatalu- IN, prep, sa; within, sa lodb ng.
waldgy nc. I N A S M U C H A S , adv. yayamang;
I M P E D I M E N T , n. hadldng; r,a- dahil sa.
gabal. I N A U D I B L E , adj. di-mdrinig.
IMPENDING, adj. imminent, I N A U G U R A T I O N , n.« pasinayd.
threatening, nagbdbald. I N C A P A B L E , adj. waldng-kaya.
I M P E N E T R A B L E , adj. di-mata- INCENDIARISM, n. panununog.
gusdn. I N C E N S E , n. insenso, Sp.
IMPERATIVE, adj. makaharl; INCH, n. dali; pulgada, Sp.
(Gram.) pantos. INCISE, v. (Med.) tistisinf hi-
IMPERFECT, adj. di-gandp. wain.
I M P E R I L , v. ibungad sa panga- INCISION, n. (Med.) tistisf hiwa.
nib. INCITE, v. to spur on, ibuyS;
Incline 51 Indulge

instigate, upatdn; magpaabong, I N D I F F E R E N C E , n. pagwawa-

paabungan; abet, sutsuldn. lang-bahala; want of zeal or in-
INCLINE, v. to lean, humilig, ku- terest, pagkawalang-sigld.
miling; lean (on the back of a INDIGENT, adj.-n. destitute,
chair), sumanddL dukhdt aba; needy, saldt, dahop,
INCLINED, adj. sloping, hilig, hikahos.
kiling; nakahiligy nakakiling. I N D I G E S T I O N , n. impatso, Sp.
INCLOSE, v. to shut within, ku- I N D I G N A N T , adj. galit, nagd-
lungin, insert, ilakip. galit; having a rising feeling of
I N C L U D E , v. isama; to be in- anger, nagngingitngit.
cluded, mdpasama. I N D I G N A T I O N , n. galit, pagka-
INCOME, n. kita, kinikita. galit; rising anger, ngitngity
INCOMPARABLE, adj. waldng- pagngingitngi L
kawangis; waldng-kaparis. I N D I S T I N C T , adj. faint, malabo;
INCONCEIVABLE, adj. di-mali- indiscernible, di-maaninaw, di-
rip. maaninag; indefinite, di-tiydk.
I N C O N V E N I E N T , adj. causing I N D I V I D U A L , adj. pertaining to
trouble, panggulo, pang-abala. or characteristic of one, sarili,
INCORRECT, adj. di-wasto; mali. panarili; existing as a single
I N C R E A S E , v. to become bigger, and distinct thing, nag-iisa, bu-
lumaki; multiply, dumami; en- kod.—n. a person, isdng tao.
large, lakihdn; augment, dag- I N D O L E N T , adj. batugan; lazy,
dagdn, damifian. tamdd.
INCUBATOR, n. pdmisaan. I N D O R S E , v. endusahdn, S p . ; to
INCUR, v. mdpald. sign, lagdadn, pirmahdn, Sp.;
I N C U R A B L E , adj. waldng-lunas. in government offices, to send
I N D E C E N T , adj. mahalay. to another official for action,
I N D E E D , adv. ngd; in fact, in comment, information, etc., ili-
truth, sa katunayan, pat, itagubilin.
INDEFINITE, adj. di-tiydk; I N D O R S E M E N T , n. endoso, S p . ;
vague, di-malinaw. paglilipaty pagtatagiibilin.
I N D E L I B L E , adj. di-mapapawx.— I N D U C E , v. to prevail upon, per-
I. ink, tintang indeleble, Sp. suade, hikayatin; infer, hinu-
I N D E P E N D E N C E , n. kasarinldn; nahin, maghinuha; form a g e n -
pagsasarili; freedom, kalayadn. eral principle from particulars,
I N D E P E N D E N T , adj. nagsdsa- magbuod, buurin.
rili; free, malaya. INDUCEMENT, n. attraction,
I N D E X , n. indeks, Eng.; taldtun- pang-akit; incentive, pampasig-
tunan.—I. finger, hintuturb. la.
I N D I C A T E , v. to point out, itu- INDUCTIVE, adj. pasakldw.—i.
rb; show, ipakita; make known, reasoning, pangangativirang pa-
ipakilala. sakldw.
INDICATIVE, adj. nagpdpaki- I N D U L G E , v. palayawin, magpa-
lala; pinagkdkilanldn.— (Gram.) layaw; to humor, magpairog,
i. mood, panaganong paturoL pairugan.
 Indulgence 52 Informal
I N D U L G E N C E , n. pagpapalayaw. I N F A T U A T E D , adj. haling; na-
I N D U L G E N T , adj. mdpagpala- hdhaling.
yaw; liberal, mapagbigdy. I N F A T U A T I O N , n. pagkahaling;
INDUSTRIAL, adj. industrial, kahalingdn.
Sp.; pangkapamuhaydn. I N F E C T , v. to become infected,
I N D U S T R I O U S , adj. masipag; mdhawa; mdlalinan.
diligent, masigld, masikap; as- I N F E C T I O U S , adj. nakakdhawa:
siduous, masikhdy. contagious, nakakdlalin.
I N D U S T R Y , n. mdustriyd, Sp.; INFERIOR, adj.-n. mababd.
kapamuhaydn; quality of being INFERIORITY, n. kababaan.
hard working, kasipagan; dili- I N F I D E L I T Y , n. kaliluhan; ka-
gence, kasiglahdn, kasikapan: taksildn,
assiduity, kasikhaydn, I N F I N I T E , adj. waldng-hanggdn.
I N E F F A B L E , adj. di~maulatan: I N F I N I T E S I M A L , adj. napaka-
inexpressible, di-masaysdy, di- katiting; katiting na katiting*
maabot-sabi. I N F I N I T I V E , adj. (Gram.) pa-
I N E F F E C T U A L , adj. inefficaci- watds.
ous, waldng-bisa; weak, mahina. I N F I X , n. (Gram.) gitlapi.
I N E F F I C I E N T , adj. waldng-ka- I N F L A M M A B L E , adj. siklabin:
ya; unskilled, di-sandy. madaling masunog; masunugin;
I N E R T , adj. tining; motionless, madaling magdaig.
waldng-kilos; waldng-galdw. INFLAMMATION, n. (Med.)
I N E R T I A , n. katiningan; pagka- redness, pamumuld; swelling,
waldng-kilos; pagkawaldng-ga- pamamagd,
Idw. I N F L A T E , v. to puff up, pabin-
I N E V I T A B L E , a d j . . unavoidable, tugin; to raise unduly, as prices.
di-mailagan; unpreventable, di- pataasdn, pataasin.
masawatd; di-mapigilan. INFLICT, v. to cause to be suf-
I N E X C U S A B L E , adj. unpardon- fered, ipabatd; impose. as a
punishment, iparusa.
able, di-mapatdtawad.
I N F L U E N C E , v. to have sway
I N E X H A U S T I B L E , adj. waldng- over, makapangyari; modify or
pagkasaid; di-masdsaid.
affect the condition of, maka-
I N E X O R A B L E , adj. unyielding, pagpabago (or, makapagpa-
tvaldng-tinag, di-matinag; unre- plus the appropriate root-wood).
lenting, waldng-higkdt. •—n. energy, lakds; power, ka-
I N F A L L I B L E , adj. di-madaring panayarihan.
magkdmali. I N F L U E N T I A L , adj. makapang-
I N F A M Y , n. public disgrace, ka- yarihan; malakds.
dustadn, kaayupan; an infa- INFORM, v. to give to (a person)
mous deed, kawaldhg-hiyadn. definite knowledge of, ipaalam;
kabuhungdn. tell, sabihin; enlighten, pagpa-
I N F A N C Y , n. kasangguldn; ka- talastasdn; acquaint with a fact,
musmusdn. ipabatid, pabatirdn, magpaba-
I N F A N T , n. sanggoL—ad*, mus- tidy ipagbigdy-alam.
mos; murang-isip. INFORMAL, adj. impormdl, Sp.;
I N F A N T R Y , n. hukbong-lakdd ; not allowing the rules or cus-
impanteriya, Sp. toms accepted as good form, wa-
Information 53 Insistent
Idng-tuto; not ceremonious, as INNER, adj. internal, panloob;
an i. party, panarilL interior, paloob, sa loob.
INFORMATION, n. knowledge INNOCENCE, n. freedom from
given, pabatidy patalastds; guilt or sin, kawaldng-kasala-
knowledge acquired, kabatirdn; nan; lack of acquaintance with
news, bu,lita. evil, kawaldng-malay; youthful
INGENIOUS, adj. having inven- guilelessness, kamasmusdn.
tive skill, mapangathd. INNOCENT, adj. sinless, guilt-
INGROWN, adj. pasalingsing. less, waldng-kasalanan; guile-
INHABIT, v. tumird, manirahan, lessly young, musmds; unaware
tirahdn. of any evil, waldng-malay.
INHABITANT, n. mdninirahan; INNOVATION, n. pagbabayo,
ang nakatird. kabaguhdn.
INHALE, v. lumanghdp, larigha- INORGANIC, adj. tulaydy, n c ,
O.T.
pin.
INHERENT, adj. katutubb; likds. INQUIRE, v. to ask a question,
INHERIT, v. magmana, mana- magtanong, itanong; seek in-
formation, knowledge, mag-usi-
hin; makdmana, makdpagmana. sa, usisain.
INHERITANCE, n. mana. INQUIRY, n. asking of a ques-
INHUMAN, adj. merciless, tva- tion, pagtatanong; seeking of
Idng-awdy waldng-habdg; un- information, pag-uusisa.
feeling, waldng-pandamddm. INQUISITIVE, adj. matanong;
INIQUITY, n. katampalasanan; mausisa.
kabalakyutdn. INSANE, adj. loko, Sp.; sird ang
INITIAL, n. first letter of a ulo; sird ang bait; crazy, 6a-
word, unang titik.—adj. start- Uw, hibdng; mad, bangdw,
ing, pansimuld, pasimuld. ulol.
INITIATE, v. to introduce into a INSANITARY, adj. (person)
secret society or the like, turu- masamldng; salauld; dirty, ma-
middn, n c ; set on one's feet or rumL
into the first principles- of any- INSECT, n. kulisapt nc.
INSECTICIDE, n. pamatdy-kuli-
thing, itunton, ituto.
INJECT, v. (Med.) (hypodermic- sapf nc.
ally), iturok; iiniksiyon, Sp. INSERT, v. to introduce into (be-
tween) isingit; cause to be in-
INJECTION, n. (Med.) iniksiyon, cluded, ilakip, isama.
Sp. INSIDE, n. interior, loob.—adv.
INJURE, v. to cause to be injur- sa lodb.—adj. panloob.
ed, ipanganyayd, ipaliamak; INSINUATION, n. pantarali, pa-
hurt, saktdn; spoil, sirain. rali; pasaringig, nc.
INJURY, n. kapinsaladn; dam- INSIPID, adj. mayapd; tasteless,
age, sird; hurt, sakit. waldng-lasa; uninteresting, na-
INJUSTICE, n. unfairness, pag- kaiinip.
kaivaldng-katdrangan; abuse INSIST, v. ipiUt, igiit.
suffered, kaapihdn. INSISTENT, adj. mapiht, ma-
INK, n. tintd, Sp.; dinsol, nc. pagpumilit.
Inspect 54 Interrupt

I N S P E C T , v. to examine closely n. panlalait, panunungayaw;

and critically, suriin, magsurx; pang-aalipustd, panduruhagi.
investigate, siyasatin, magsiya- I N S U R A N C E , n. seguro, Sp.
sat; review and survey official- INTACT, adj. unimpaired, di-na-
ly, siyasigin, maniyasig; bala- dano; whole, bud*
yagin, mamalayag, nc. I N T A N G I B L E , adj. di-masaldng.
I N S P E C T O R , n. ispektor, S p . ; ta- INTEGRITY, n. kalinisang-budhi.
gasuri; tagasiyasat.
I N T E L L E C T , n. katalusdn; mind,
I N S P I R A T I O N , n. pamukaw-sig- diwd; intelligence, katalinuhari.
Id; act of drawing air into the
lungs, paglanghap. I N T E L L I G E N C E , n. katalinuhan.
I N S P I R E , v. to animate, bigydng- I N T E L L I G E N T , adj. matalino.
buhay, bigydng-sigld; arouse, I N T E N D , v. to have in mind as
pukawiriy gisingin; encourage, a purpose or aim, mag-isip, isi-
palakasin ang loob, pin.
I N S T A L M E N T , n. hurndl, Sp. I N T E N S E , adj. masidhi; aggra-
I N S T A N C E , n. something offered vated, malubhd.
a s an illustration, paliwanag; I N T E N S I V E , adj. deep and tho-
or example, halimbawd; of the rough, maikay.
present month, ng buwdng ka- I N T E N T I O N , n. purpose, hanga-
salukuyan. rin; design, tangkd; object, bi-
I N S T A N T L Y , adv. agdd. yon.
I N S T E A D OF, prep, sa halip ng, I N T E N T I O N A L , adj. sinadyd; ti-
sa halip ni, nikis.
I N S T I T U T E , n. a place of edu- I N T E R C E D E , v. mamagitan, ipa-
cation, pdturuan, pdsanayan; magitan.
a n organization devoted to scien- I N T E R E S T , n. that which causes
tific, artistic, professional or lit- excitement of feeling, pangwi-
erary investigations, suridn, li; rate paid for use of bor-
pdsurian; or researches pdsa- rowed money, interes, Sp.;tubo.
liksikan; Instituto, Sp. INTERESTED, adj. ndwiwili;
I N S T R U C T , v. to teach, turuan, nakakd gusto.
mag turd; educate*, parunungin. I N T E R E S T I N G , adj. nakawiwili.
I N S T R U C T O R , n. tagapagturd; I N T E R F E R E , v. makialdm, paki-
teacher, gurot maestro (raaes- alamdn; manghimasok, pang hi-
tra), Sp., titser, E n g . ; profes- masukan.
sor, propesor, S p . ; gurd. INTERIOR, n. loob.—adj. sa loob.
I N S T R U M E N T , n. instruments, I N T E R M E D I A T E , adj. panggit-
Sp.; kasangkapan. TlGL.
I N S U B O R D I N A T I O N , n. pagka- I N T E R P R E T , v. to translate, isa-
•suwail. lin; give or deduce a meaning
I N S U F F I C I E N T , adj. di-sapdt. for, pakahulugandn.
I N S U L T , v. to abuse by word, INTERPRETER, n. tagasalin;
laitin, manlait; tungayawin, interprets, Sp.
manungayaw; treat with gross INTERRUPT, v. to interfere
contempt, alipustain, mang-ali- with an action, gumambald,
pustd; dnhagihin, manduhagi.— manggambala, gambalain; break
Interval 55 Jail
into a conversation, sumab&iL di-pakusa; unintentional, di-si-
pumakli. ndsadyd.
INTERVAL, n. pagitan. I N V O L V E D , adj. complex, lang-
I N T E R V I E W , n. pakikipanaydm. kapan; intricate, salimuot; con-
—v. kapanayamin. fused, gulo; t a n g l e d , gusot.
I N T E S T I N E , n. bituka. I N V U L N E R A B L E , adj. di-talbdn,
INTRODUCE, v. to conduct or di-tabldn,
bring in, ipasok; present in a I R A S C I B L E , adj. magagalitin.
formal manner, ihardp, (social- IRON, n. bakah
ly) ipakilala. IRONICAL, adj. pabalintund. .
INTRODUCTION, n. paghahardv, IRONY, n. balintuna, balintunay.
pagpapakilala; beginning, pasi- I R R E G U L A R , adj. disorderly, gu-
muld, pambungad. lu-guld; waldng-kaayusan; not
I N T R U S T , v. ipagkdtiwala. straight (crooked), kilu-kilo, li-
INTUITION, n. salagimsim; in- ku-liko.
stantaneous understanding, Ara- I R R E S I S T I B L E , adj. di-mapagla-
watasdn; comprehension, kaluta- banan.
sdn, katalastasdn. I R R E S P O N S I B L E , adj. alibughd ;
I N U N D A T I O N , n. flood, baha. wald.np-kapandgntan.
I N V A D E , v. lumusob, lusubin; sii- I R R E V E R E N T , adj. lapastangan;
malakay, salakayin. waldng-pakundangan; waiting
INVASION, n. paglusob; pagsata- pitagan.
kay. IRRIGATION, n. patubig; (Med.)
I N V E N T , v. kumathd. Tcazkain, pagsusumpit.
mangathd. IS, see B E , v.
I N V E N T I O N , n. papkathd; Hat- TSLAND, n. puld.
ha. I S S U E , n. (Law & Pol.) isyu.
INVENTOK, n. mdngangatha. E n g . ; (Arg.) Point of conten-
I N V E S T , v. to put money in some tion, ang pinagtdtalunan; a
venture, mamuhunan, pamutiu- printing of a book, newspaper,
nmian. etc., palimbdg, palathald.
I N V E S T I G A T E , v. suriiv, siyn-
satin. ISTHMUS, n. tangwdy; see
INVESTIGATION, n. pagsusurl, CAPE.
papsisiyasat. IT, pron. ( N o t commonly translat-
INVINCIBLE, adj. di-mapasuko; ed.) W h a t is it? And iydn? And
waldnp-talo. iydn?—I have it. Nasa-akin.
INVISIBLE, adj. di-mdkita; may- ITEM, n. bagay; sum entered in
salikmata. an account, tald: a newspaper
INVITATION, n. anyaya, paan- paragraph, balita.
yaya. ITS, pron. (prepositive) kaniyd;
I N V I T E , v. mag-anyaya, any ay a- (postpositive) niyd.
han. IVORY, n. paring.
INVOLUNTARY, adj. di-kusd; IVY, n. (Bot.) galamdy-amb.

JAB, n. sapok.—v. sapukin,

J
ma- JAIL, n. bilangguan; kalaboso,
napok. Sp.; piitdn.
 Jam 56 Kick
J A M , n. a thick, sweet, fruit pre-• JOURNALISM, n. pamamahayag.
serve, halea, S D . J O U R N E Y , n. trip, travel, pagla-
J A N I T O R , n. diydnitor, E n g . ; ta- lakbdy.
galinis. JOY, n. tuwd; gladness, galdk;
J A N U A R Y , n. Enero, Sp. happiness, ligaya; pleasure, lu-
J A P A N , n. Hapdn, Sp. gdd.
. J A P A N E S E , n.-adj., kapones, Sp. J U D G E , n. hukom; huwes, Sp.
J A R , n. saro.—earthen j . , bang a; J U D G M E N T , n. hatol, kahatuldn;
tapayan. decision, pasiyd.
J A V A N E S E , n.-adj. habanes, Sp. JUDICIAL, adj. panghukuman.
J A W , n. pangd. J U I C E , n. katds.
J A W B O N E , n. sihang. JUICY, adj. makatds.
JEALOUS, adj. naninibugko; J U L Y , n. Hulyo, Sp.
prone to jealousy, mapa.nibv.gho.
J E L L Y , n. halea, S p . ; huyd, Sp. J U M P , v. lumuksd; lumunddg; to
J E R K , n. labtik.—v. labtikin. leap downward, tumaldn.
J E S T , n. joke, bird. J U N E , n. Hunyo, Sp.
J E S U I T , n. Heswita, Sp. JUNIOR, n.-adj. diyunyor, Eng.
J E W , n. Hudyd, Sp. JURISDICTION, n. ang nasasa-
J E W E L , n. hiyds, Sp.; alahas, klawdn.
Sp. J U R Y , n. tagahatol; board of
J E W E L E R , n. mag-aalahds. judges in a contest, inampalan.
J O B , n. a piece of work, task, gd- J U S T , adj. equitable, makd-katd-
wain; employment, empleo, S p . ; rungan; based on reasonable
trabajo, Sp. grounds, rnakatwiran.
J O C K E Y , n. hinete, Sp. J U S T I C E , n. katdrungan; recti-
J O I N , v. to unite together, pag- tude, katwiran; a magistrate,
isahin; connect together, pag- mahistrado, Sp.
dugtungin, paglikawin; unite J U S T I F Y , v to make right, itu-
with, makisama, makiisd; come wid, itOasto; show or prove to
together a s one, magkdisd. be right, ipakilalang may kat-
J O I N T , n. (Anat.) kasukasudn.— wiran.
a d j . joined, put together, mag- J U V E N I L E , adj. suitable to the
kasama. young, pambata.
J O K E , n* bird; sisti. Sp. J U X T A P O S E , v. pag-ipingin; to
J O L L Y , adj. masayd; masigld. place near each other, pagtabi-
J O T , v . — j . down, itald; isulat. hin.

fi
K A P O K , n. kapok, Mai.; buboy. K E R N E L , n. butil.
K E E N , n. matalas; sharp, mata- K E R O S E N E , n. gas, Sp.
lim. K E T T L E , n. kaldero, Sp.
K E E P , v. to have the care of, KEY, n. susi.
ingatan, alagaan; hide, itago. K E Y B O A R D , n. teklada, Sp., tti-
paan.
K E E P E R , n. tagapag-ingat; taga- KICK, n. sipa, sikad.—v. sumipd,
pag-alaga. manipa; sumikad, manikad.
Kid 57 Language
KID, (colloq.), n. child, bata. KISS, n. halik.—v. humalik, hal-
KIDNAP, v. (a girl) gabutin; (a kdn, hagkdn.
child) agawin; (an adult) du- KITCHEN, n. kusina, Sp.
kutin. KITE, n. bulador, Sp.; sapi-sapi;
KIDNEY, n. (Anat.) batd. saranggola, Sp.
KILL, v. pumatdy, patayin; slay, KITTEN, n. kuting.
kumitil, kitiHn, KNEE, n. tuhod.
KILOGRAM, n. kilo, Sp. KNEECAP, n. bayugo ng tuhod,
KILOMETER, n. kilometro, Sp. KNEEL, v. lumuhod; to use some-
KILOWATT, n. kilowat, Eng. thing to k. on, luhurdn.
KIN, n. angkdii; hinlog, relatives, KNIFE, n. lanseta, laseta, Sp.
kamag-anak. KNIT, v. magniting, Eng.
KIND, n. class, klase, Sp.; uri, KNOCK, v. to rap, as on a door,
—adj. mabait; gracious, ma- twmuktoky tuktukdn.
pagbigdy-loob; considerate, ma- KNOCKER, n. panuktok, tuktu-
alalahanin, kan.
KINDLE, v. to set fire to, pa- KNOT, n. buhol—v. ibuhoL
lingasin; .ignite, sindihdn, Sp. KNOW, v. mdlaman, mdalaman.
KINDNESS, n. kabditan; graci- KNOWLEDGE, n. kaalaman;
ousness, pagka-mapagbigdy-loob. learning, karunungan; cogni-
KING, n. harl tion, katalusdn.
KINGDOM, n. kaharian. KNUCKLE, n. b'uko ng daliri.

L
LABEL,, n. etikela, Sp.; inscrip- and gentlemen, Mga kababaihan
tion, tatdk. at kaginoohan.
LABOR, n. work, gawd; task, gd- LAKE, n. lawd; dagat-dagatan.
wain. LAMB, n. kurdero, Sp.; sheep,
LABORATORY, n. laboratoryo, tupa,
Sp. LAME, adj. pildy; halt, hingkod.
LABORER, n. manggagawa; tra- LAMENT, v. to bewail, manag-
bahador, Sp. hoy; weep, wail, manangis.
LACE, n. ornamental fabric, pun- LAMENTATION, n. taghoyy pa-
tdSy Sp.; string or cord to hold naghoy.
something together, as in shoes, LAMP, n. Haw, ilawdn; lampard,
tali; or in chemises, laso. Sp.
LACK, n. kakulangdn, kasalatdn, LAND, n. ground, soil, earth, lu-
—v. to need, mangailangan; be pa.
without, mawaldn. LANDMARK, n. muhon, Sp.; any
LACKING, adj. kulang; kapos. mark, tandd, paldtandaan,
LAD, n. a boy, batang lalaki; a LANDSCAPE, n. tdnawin.
youth, binatilyo (colloq.). LANE, n. landds; trail, path, 6u-
LADDER, n. hagddn. laos.
LADY, n. woman, babae.—Ladies LANGUAGE, n. wikd; salitd.
Languid 58 Lenient
LANGUID, adj. drooping, unsya- LEAK, n. (liquid) tuld. — v. tu-
. mulo.
LANGUISH, v. maunsyami; to LEAN, v. to incline, humilig, sw-
fade, mangupas. manddl; kumiling.
LANTERN, n. parol, Sp. LEAP, v. lumunddg; to jump
LAP, n. kandungan, kalungan— downward, tumalon.—n. lunddg,
v. to lick up with the tongue, talon.
humimod, himurin. LEARN, v. to acquire knowledge
LAPEL, n. sulapa, Sp. of, mdtuto; be informed about,
LARD, n. mantika, Sp. mabatid, matalos.
LARGE, adj. big, malaki. LEARNED, adj. marunong; eru-
LARYNX, n. (Anat.) gulunggu- dite, matalisik; scholarly, pan-
lungdn. tds.
LARVA, n. (Zool.) kitikiti; udd. LEARNING, n. karunungan; act
LAST, adj. final, at the end, hull. or process of acquiring knowl-
—at 1., sa wakds. edge, pag-aaral, pagkakdtuto;
LATE, adj. tardy, hull. knowledge, kaalaman, erudi-
LATELY, adv. kaildn lamang; tion, katalisikan; scholarliness,
kai-kaildn lamang. kapantasdn.
LATER, adv. mdmayd; kinamd- LEAST, adj.-n. the least, ang pi-
mayadn. nakamaliit.—At 1., man lamang.
LATRINE, n. pdlikuran. LEATHER, n. katad; kuwero, Sp.
LAUDABLE, adj. kapuri-puri. LEAVE, v. to depart, umalis; al-
LAUGH, n. tawa.—v. tumawa. low to remain behind, iwan; not
LAUGHABLE, adj. nakakdtawd. to take along something upon
LAUGHTER, n. pagtatawd. departure, iwanan.
LAUNDRY, n. pdlabahan. LECTURE, n. panayam..
LAW, n. batds, ley, Sp. LEECH, n. lintd.
LAWN, n. damuhdn. LEFT, adj. (side) kaliwd.
LAWYER, n. abugado, Sp.; de- LEG, n. pad; bintt.
fender, mdnananggol. LEGEND, n. alamdt.
LAY, v. to place, put or deposit, LEGISLATIVE, adj. pambatds.
ilagdy. LEGION, n. Lehiydn, Sp.
LAYER, n. one thickness, stra- LEGISLATOR, n. mambabatds.
tum, coating, etc., suson, pa- LEGISLATURE, n. bdtasan.
tong. LEMON, n. dayap.
LAZY, adj. tamdd. LEMONADE, n. limunada, Sp.;
LEAD, n. tingd. dinayapan.
LEAD, v. to guide by the hand, LEND, v. magpahirdm, pahira-
akayin; guide by going ahead, min.
manguna, pangunahan. LENGTH, n. habd; (of time) ta-
LEADER, n. lider, Eng. gdl.
LEAF, n. dahon. LENGTHEN, v. pahabain, paha-
LEAFY, adj. madahon, malabay. baan; (in time) patagaldn.
LEAGUE, n. ligat Sp.; alliance, LENIENT, adj. indulgent, ma-
buklod; association, samahdn, pagpasunod; not severe, di-ma-
kapisanan. higpit.
Lens 59 Lively

LENS, n. lente, Sp. LIKE, v. (root-verbs only) gusto,

LENT, n. Kuwaresma, Sp.; Ma- ibig.—adj. katulad, kapara, ka-
hal na Araw. wangis.
LEPER, n. ketungin; leproso, Sp. LIKELY, adj. seeming like, ani-
LEPROSY, n. ketong; lepra, SID. mo (with *y i.e., animo'y); para
LESSON, n. aralin; liksiyon, Sp.; (with -ng form of na, i.e., pa-
lisyon, Sp. rang).
LEST, conj. bakd. LIKEWISE, adv. in like manner,
LET, v. to permit, pahintulutan, gayundin; also, too, din, rin;
tulutan; allow, bayaan, hayaan. man, namdn.
LETTER, n. epistle, note, mis- LILT, n. rhythm, indayog.
sive, liham, sulat; (of alpha- LIME, n. apog (ocailum oxide).
bet) titik, letra, Sp. LIMIT, n. border, boundary,
LETTUCE, n. letsugas, Sp. hanggd, hanggahan, hangga-
LEVEL, adj. pantdy, patag. nan.—v. hanggandn.
LEVER, n. panimbdng. LINE, n. guhit.
LIABILITY, n. obligation, sdgu- LINEN, n. linen, Eng.
tin. LINGER, v. to delay, magtagdL
LIAR, n. sinungaling; bulaan. LINIMENT, n. (Med.) panghap-
LIBEL, n. libelo, Sp.; paninirang- las.
puri. LINK, n. likaw; kawing.
LIBERAL, adj. mapagbigdy, LION, n. leon, Sp.; liyon, Sp.
LIBERTY, n. kalayadn. LIP, n. labl.
LIBRARY, n. aklatan. LIQUEFY, v. tunawin.
LICENSE, n. lisensiya, Sp. LIQUID, n„ tubig.—adj. tundw,
LIE, v. to tell a falsehood, mag- lusdw.
sinungaling, magbulaan. LIQUOR, n. alak.
LIE, v. to 1. down, humigd. LIST, n. roll of names, items, etc.,
LIEUTENANT, n. tenyente, Sp. taladn; listahan, Sp.
LIFE, n. buhay; manner of living, LISTEN, v. makinig, pakinggdn.
pamumuhay; biography, talam- LITER, n. litro, Sp.
buhay. LITERACY, n. karunungang bu-
LIFT, v. to raise with the hands, masa*t sumulat.
buhatin; place in a higher po- LITERARY, adj. panliteratura,
sition, itads. Sp.; pampdnitikdn; pampdnula-
LIGAMENT, n. (Anat.) litid. tan.
LIGATURE, n. (Gram.) pang- LITERATURE, n. literatura, Sp.;
angkdp. pdnitikdn; pdnulatan.
LIGHT, n. illumination, liwanag, LITIGATION, n. usapin.
lamp, ilaw. LITTLE, adj. maliit; munti.
LIGHTEN, v. to reduce in weight, LIVE, v. mabuhay; to spend or
pagaanin, pagaandn, pass one's life (in a certain
LIGHTER, n. a device for light- manner), mamuhay.
ing, panindi, pansindi, LIVE, adj. alive, buhdy; flaming,
LIGHTNING, n. (the flash) kid- naglilingas; of present interest,
Idt; the electric charge, lin- vangkasalukuyan.
tik. LIVELY, adj. animated, masigld.
Liver 60 Luxury

L I V E R , n. atdy. L O O S E N , v. paluwagin, paluwa-

LIZARD, n. (grass) bubuli, him- gdn, luwagdn.
bubuli; (river) bayawak: LOOT, v. mandambdng.
(house) butiki; gekko. tuko. LORD, n. podn; master, pangino-
L O A D , n. (on head) sunong; (on 6n.
shoulders) pasdn; (in hand) LOOTER, adj. mandarambdng;
bitbit, dald; (on vehicles) lulan, luter, E n g .
kargd, Sp.; charge of a gun, LOSE, v. to mislay or miss, ma-
tangdy, kargd, S p . wald; s t r a y , mdligdw.
L O A N , n. money lent, pautang; LOSS, n. pagkawald; failure to
money borrowed, utang; money win, pagkatalo; pi., kapinsala-
granted for temporary use, p a - dn; (in business), kalugihdn.
hirdm. LOT, n. plot of land, lote, Sp.;
L O B E , n. (of brain) umb6k; (of fortune, fate, kapalaran—a 1.
ear) dunggdt. of, marami.
L O B S T E R , n. icldng. LOTTERY, n. loteriya, Sp.
LOCAL, adj. pampodk; for "this" LOUD, adj. noisy, maingay; full
place only, pandito lamang; for sounding, malakds.
"that" place only, pandodn la- LOUSE, n. kuto.
mang; for " u s " only, pang-atin LOVABLE, adj. kaibig-ibig.
lamang. LOVE, n. pag-ibig; affection,
LOCALITY, n. place, podk, lugdl, pagmamahdl.
S p . ; district, purdk. L O V E L I N E S S , n. kariktdn.
L O V E L Y , a d j . marikit; kaibig-
LOCATION, n. kinaldlagydn; res-
ibig.
idence, kinatitirahdn; site^ ki-
natdtayudn. LOVER, n. one who ^ays court
to a lady, manliligdw; mdngi-
L O C A T I V E , adj. (Gram.) kalaa- ngibig; a betrothed, katipdn,
ndn, pangkalaandn,
kasintahan.
LOCK, n. susi; seradura, Sp.; LOW, adj. mababd.
trangkd, S p . ; kandado, Sp. LOWLY, adj. hamak, aba.
LOCKET, n. laket, Eng. L O Y A L , a d j . tapdt na lodb. .
L O C K S M I T H , n. panddy-kabdn. L O Y A L T Y , n. katapatdng-lodb.
LOCOMOTIVE, n. mdkind, Sp. LUCK, n. suwerte, Sp.
L O C U S T , n. balang, luktdn. LUCKY, adj. masuwerte, Sp.; gi-
L O F T Y , adj. high, matads; tower- ndgaling.
ing, matayog. LULLABY, n. aid.
LOG, n. kalap; tree trunk, pund LUMBER, n. board, tabid, Sp.,
ng kahoy. kahoy.
L 6 G I C , n. Idhikd, Sp. LUMINOUS, adj. makindng.
L O N E L Y , adj. lonesome, nag- LUMP, n. a mass, bugdl; a swell-
iisd; depressed, nalulumbdy. ing, bukol; protuberance, um-
LONG, adj.- (in measurement) bok, collection of things, tum-
mahabd; (in t i m e ) matagdl, pok.
malaon. LUNGS, n. (Anat.) bagd.
L O O K , v. tumingin, tingndn. LUSTER, n. kindng.
L O O S E , a d j . maluwdg; talihabso. L U X U R Y , n. luho, Sp.
Lye 61 Manufacture
LYE, n. lihiya, Sp. who composes, fashions, tagaga-
L Y R E , n. lira, S p . ; kudyapi. wdt tagayari.
LYRIC, n. awit.—love 1., kundi- M A K E S H I F T , n.-adj. pansaman-
man. tald.
MACHINE, n. mdkind, Sp. M A L A R I A , n. pangiki, malarya,
MAD, a d j . hibdng, haling. Sp.
MADAM, n. (married lady) gi- M A L A Y , n. Malay, Malayo, S p .
nang; (unmarried lady, honor- M A L E , n.-adj. lalaki.
ific, gining). M A L E D I C T I O N , n. curse, sum-
MAGAZINE, n. mdgasin, Eng. pa; p r o f a n i t y , tungayaw.
MAGIC, n. mdhiyd, S p . ; balaghdn,
MALICE, n. malisya, Sp.
nc.—adj. mabalaghdn, nc.
M A G I C I A N , n. mambabalaghdn; M A L T R E A T , v. mang-api, apihin.
mago, S p . ; conjurer, salamang- MAMMA, n. Mama, Sp.; Indy,
kerOy S p . Indng.
MAGISTRATE, n. mahistrado, M A N , n. a human being, tao;
Sp.: iudge, hukom. adult male, lalaki.
M A G N E T , n. batu-balani; imdn, M A N A G E , v. to administer, ma-
Sp. ngasiwa, pangasiwaan; control
MAGNIFICENT, adj. manldg; o r conduct, mamahald, pamaha-
brilliant, maningning. laan; guide, mamatnubay, pat-
MAH-JONGG, n. madyong, Ch. nubayan; direct, mamatnugot,
MAID, n. dalaga; female servant, patnugutan; superintend, super-
utusdng babae; mutsatsa, Sp. vise, manihala, panihalaan.
M A I D E N , n.-adj. dalaga. M A N A G E R , n. tagapangasiwa.
MAIDENHOOD, n. pagkadalaga.
M A N D A T E , n. kautusdn, manda-
MAIDENLY, adj. modest, mahin-
hin; gentle, mayumi. te, Sp.
MAIL, n. koreo, Sp.; meil, Eng. M A N D A T O R Y , adj. pautos; obli-
MAIN, adj. most important, pina- gatory, sdpilitdn.
kamahalagd. M A N D I B L E , n. (Anat.) jawbone,
M A I N T A I N , v. to sustain, susti- sihang.
nihdn, S p . ; ipanindigan; bear M A N E , n. (of horse) kiling.
the expense of, gastahdn; sus- M A N G E R , n. labangdn, sabsaban.
tentuhin, Sp. MANGO, n. (Bot.) manggd.
MAJESTIC, adj. regal, makahart; M A N H O O D , n. pagkalalaki.
magnificent, marildg.
M A N I F E S T , adj. obvious, halata;
MAJOR, adj. greater, (in num- clear, malinaw; plain, kita.
ber, extent, etc.) lalong malaki,
—n. the m. subject (in college), MANKIND, n. sangkatauhan.
medyor, E n g . M A N N E R , n. habit, ugalx, gawi;
MAJORITY, n. ang nakardrami. behavior, kilos, pangingilos —
MAKE, v. to compose, fashion, Good manners, mabuting pag-
gumawd, gawin; p r e p a r e for uugali, mabuting-asal.
use, maghandd, ihandd; c r e a t e , M A N T L E , n. manta, S p . ; kapa,
lumikhd; likhain. Sp.
MAKER, n. God, Diyos, S p . ; Bat- M A N U F A C T U R E , v. to make,
hala, Maylikhd, Maykapdl; one yumari, gumawd.
 Manure 62 Material
MANURE, n. fertilizer, abono, MARVEL, n. kababdlaghdn.—v.
Sp.; patabd. mag takd; mdmanghd; manggi-
MANUSCRIPT, n. orihindl, Sp. lalds.
MANY, adj. marami. MARVELOUS, adj. causing won-
MAP, n. mapa, Sp. der, katakd-takd; kamanghd-
MARBLE, n. marmot, Sp. manghd.
MARCH, n. (month) Marso, Sp.; MASCULINE, adj. (Gram.) pan-
regular, measured step, lakad, lalaki.
martsa, Sp.—v. to move with MASK, n. takip sa mukhd; mds-
regular steps, lumakad, mag- kard, Sp.; disguise, baldtkayo.
martsa, Sp. MASQUERADE, n. pagbabaldt-
MARE, n. young female of the kayo.
horse, putrangkd, Sp.; female MASS, n. Holy Mass, Misa, Sp.
horse, kabayong babae; m. with MASS, n. aggregation of things
young, inahing kabayo. into one body, pamumuo; bulk,
MARGIN, n. edge, gilid; a bor- size, laki, bulto, Sp.; the mass-
der, tabihdn. es, ang karamihang tao.
MARINE, adj. pandagat; having MASSACRE, n. pdtayan.
to do with navigation, pampag- MASSAGE, n. masahe, Sp.; hilot,
daragdt.—n. marino, Sp.; mag- paghilot.—v. masahihin; hilu-
daragdt. tin.
MASSEUR, n. masahista, Sp.
MARINER, n. marino, marinero,
Sp.; magdaragdt. MAST, n. palo, Sp.; albor, Sp.
MARK, n. tandd, paldtandaan; MASTER, n. amo, Sp.; pangino-
brand, markd Sp.; a visible im- 6n; chief, puno; expert, dalub-
print, markd, Sp.; stain, man- sd.—M. of Arts, Dalubsining,
sd, Sp.; dungis; dumi. nc.
MARKET, n. pdmilihan; paleng- MASTICATE, v. to grind with
the teeth, ngumuyd, nguyain;
ke, baraka, Sp. chew (as gum or buyo), nguma-
MARRIAGE, n. pag-aasawa; td, ngatain.
wedding ceremony, kasdl, Sp.; MAT, n. flat piece of woven straw,
pag-iisdng dibdib. banig.
MARROW, n. (of bones) utak ng MATCH, n. igniting stick, puspo-
butd; utak-butd. ro, Sp.; an equal, kapantdy, ka-
MARRY, v. to perform the cere- tumbds.
mony of marriaere, magkasdl, MATCHLESS, adj. cannot be
Sp.; take in marriage, pakasdl, equalled, di-mapdpantaydn, di-
pakasaldn; be married, ikasdl, matutularan; peerless, walang-
mdkasdl; mdpakasdL katulad, waldng-kapantdy.
MARSH, n. latl, latian; labon. MATE, n. companion, kasama;
MARSHY, adj. malatl, malabon. helper, katulong; spouse, asa-
MARTIAL, adj. of or pertaining wa»
to war, pandigmd; military, MATERIAL, adj. physical (not
spiritual) panlupd; consisting
panghukbd; militar, Sp. of, or pertaining to, substance,
MARTYR, n. martir, Sp. pangkalamndn; materydl, Sp.;
Mathematics 63 Meeting

—n. the substance of which a M E A N , v. to signify, denote, ipa-

thing is made, kayavian; things kahulugdn; intend, sadyain,
used, kagamitdn, sangkdp; tangkain. — a d j . low, ignoble,
things for further elaboration, imbi; low, humble, hamak.
sangkdp, panangkdp. M E A N I N G , n. kahulugdn; deno-
MATHEMATICS, n. paldtuusan. tation, pakahulugdn; ang ibig
MATRICULATE, v. magmatri- sabihin.
kuld, Sp.; to enroll, magpatald. M E A N T I M E , adv. in the m., sa-
MATRIMONY, n. marriage, ma- mantala; meanwhile, habang.
trimony o, Sp.; pag-aasawa; the M E A S L E S , n. (Med.) tigdds.
rite of marriage, kasdl, pagka- M E A S U R E , n. sukat.—v. sukatin,
kasdl, Sp. sumukat.
MATTER, n. thing, bagay; sub- M E A T , n. animal flesh used as,
stance, lamdn, kalamndn; sus- food, karne, S p . ; lamdn; vic
tdnsiyd, Sp.; material of which tuals (not including bread or
a thing is composed, »angkdp, rice) ulam.
panangkdp; materya, Sp. M E C H A N I C , n. mekdniko, Sp.
MATTRESS, n. kutson, Sp. M E D A L , n. medalya, Sp.
M A T U R E , adj. ripe, hinog; full- M E D D L E , v. to interfere, maki-
grown, completely developed, alam; manghimasok, panghima-
magulang na; gandp na. sukan.
MAXIM, n. precept, kawikadn; M E D D L E S O M E , adj. pakialdm;
p r o v e r b , saldwikain; adage, mapanghimasok.
common saying, kasabihdn. M E D I C I N E , n. art or science
MAXIMUM, n. ang pinaka •+• of, panggagamdt, paldgamutaii;
(number, quantity) marami; medisina, S p . ; drug, gamot, dro-
(value) matads; (importance) ga, S p . ; remedy, panlunas.
mahalagd, (pinakamarami pina- M E D I T A T E , v. to cogitate, mag-
kamatadsy pinakamahalagd). nildy-nilay; muse upon, magwa-
MAY, n. (month) Mayo, Sp.;—v. ri-wari.
madari. — May happen, maaa- MEDITATION, n. cogitation,
ring mangyari. pagninildy-nilay; musing, pag-
M A Y B E , adv. perhaps, marahil; wawari-wart.
possibly, kaipald. M E E K , adj. mababang-loob; gen-
MAYONNAISE, n.* mayunesa. tle, mayumt, maamb; modest,
Sp. mahinhin.
MAYOR, n. alkalde, Sp.; puno ng M E E T , v. to come together in one
bay an; (of a city) puno ng lun- place, magtagpo; see each oth-
sod. er, magkita; come up to or a p -
ME, pron. to (for, with, in, on, proach from a different direc-
at) me, sa akin. t i o n, sumalubong; assemble,
MEADOW, n. parang; pasture- magtipon; hold a meeting, a s a
land, pastulan, Sp.; pdnginai- society, magpulong,
nan, nc. M E E T I N G , n. a coming together
MEAL, n. a repast, pagkain; hu~ of persons, pagtatagpo; pagkiki-
mida, S p . ; ground flour, gini- ta; an assembly, pagpupulong,
hng. pulong.
Melancholy 64 Military
MELANCHOLY, n. dejection, fca~ MERCY, n. compassion, habdg;
hapiaan, despondence, kalumba- pity, awa.
yan. MERELY, adv. lamang.
MELODIOUS, adj. mahimig, ma- MERIT, v. to deserve, maginda-
taginting. pat.—n. excellence, kagalingdn;
MELODY, n. himig; melodiya, Sp. due reward, gantimpald.
MELON, n. milon, Sp. MERITORIOUS, adj. worthy, ka-
MELT, v. tunawin; be melted. rapat-dapat.
matunaw. MERRY, adj. cheerful, masayd;
MEMBER, n. kasapi, kaanib. happy, maligaya; jolly, animat-
MEMBRANE, n. balok; balam- ed, masigld; amusing, nakalili-
bdn. bdng.
MEMENTO, n. alaala; a remind- MESSAGE, n. pahatid; commu-
er, pagunitd. nication, patalastds.
MEMORANDUM, n. memoran- MESSENGER, n. mensahero, Sp.;
dum, Lat.; pdnandaan. errand runner, utusdn; bringer
MEMORIAL, n. alaala, pang-ala- of news, tagapagbalitd.
ala. METAL, n. metdl, Sp.
MEMORIZE, v. to commit to METER, n. metro, Sp.
memory, . magsaulo, sauluhin,
METHOD, n. paradn, pamamara-
isaulo; SI. magkabisa, Sp.; kabi-
sahin. an, kaparaandn; procedure, pa-
MEMORY, n. remembrance, ala- lakad; orderly arrangement,
ala: recollection, reminiscence, kaayusan; system, sistema, Sp.
gunitd. MEW, n. the cry of a cat, ngiydw;
MEND, v. to repair, kumpunihin, ingdw.
Sp.; gawin, reform, baguhin, MICROBE, n. mikrobyo, Sp.
pagbutihin; reform (self), mao- MICROSCOPE, n. mikroskopyo,
pakabuti. Sp.
MENTAL, adj. pertaining to the MIDDAY, n. noon, tanghali; ka-
m i n d , pandiwa; intellectual, tang kalian.
pangkatalinuhan. MIDDLE, n.-adj. gitnd, panggit-
MENTION, v. to refer to by nd; intervening, pagitan.
name, tukuyin; tell, sabihin: MIDNIGHT, n.-adj. hating-gabi.
speak briefly of, banggitin. MIDWIFE, n. hilot.
MENU, n. menu, Sp.; taldulaman, MIGHT, n. force, strength, lakds;
nc. power, kapangyarihan.
MERCHANDISE, n. kalakal. MIGHTY, adj. strong, malakds;
MERCHANT, n. mdngangalakdl; powerful, makapangyarihan.
komersiyante, Sp.; negosyante. MIGRATE, v. mangibdng-po6k.
Sp. MILE, n. milya, Sp.
MERCIFUL, adj. compassionate, MILITANT, adj. manlalabdn.
mahdbagin; full of pity, tna-
awain. MILITARY, adj. pertaining to
MERCILESS, adj. walang-habdg; soldiers, pangkawal, pansunda-
waldng-awa. lo; pertaining to arms, pansan-
MERCURY, n. asoge, Sp. data; to warfare, pandigmd; to
Milk 65 Mixed
the army, panghukbo; pangmi- MIRACLE, n. himald.
litdr, Sp. MIRACULOUS, adj. mapaghima-
MILK, n. gatas. la; supernatural, talulikds, nc.
MILL, n. grinding machine or ap- MIRE, n. lusak; mud, putik;
paratus, gilingdn.—v. to grind, slush, burak; pusali.
gumiling, maggiling, gilingin. MIRROR, n. salamin.
MILLION, n. angaw. — One m., MIRTH, n. pagkatuwd; laughter,
sang-angaw. pagtatawd.
MILLIONAIRE, n.-adj. milyona- MISADVENTURE, n. disaster,
ryo, Sp.; may-angaw, nc. kapahamakdn.
MIMEOGRAPH, n. duplicator ma- MISCHIEF, n. prank, kalikutdn.
chine, pdnalinan, n c ; mimyo- MISCHIEVOUS, n. full of pranks,
grdp, Eng. malikot.
MIMICRY, n. panggagaya; pang- MISERABLE, adj. mean, imbi,
gagagdd. hamak, aba; unhappy, nalMum-
MIMOSA, n. (Bot.) makahiyd. bdy, nahdhapis; wretched, ku-
MIND, n. diwd. lang-palad.
MINDFUL, adj. careful, maingat, MISFORTUNE, n. kasamadng-
maalagd; attentive, maasikaso, palad; adversity, kasdwian; ca-
Sp. ' lamity, . sakund.
MINE, pron. (prepositive) akin, MISLEAD, v. iligdw.
(postpositive) ko.
MINE, n. excavation for minerals, MISS*, n. address to a young wo-
mina, Sp. man, unmarried, binibini (Bb.) ;
MINERAL, n. miner dl, Sp. (honorific) gining.
MINGLE, v. to associate with, MISS, v. to fail to hit, salahan.
makisama, makihald; intermin- di-tamaan; feel the loss of,
damdamin ang pagkawald.
gle, makihalubilo.
MINIMUM, n.-adj. pinakamaliit; MISSAL, n. misab, Sp.; ddsalang-
pinakakdkaunti; lowest, pinaka- pangmisa, Sp.
mababd. MISSING, adj. lost, nawdwald,
MINISTER, n. ministro, Sp.; (of nawald.
MISSION, n. pakay; misyon, Sp.
the nation) kagawad-bansd.
MINISTRY, n. ministeryo, Sp.; MIST, n. ulap.
(in the government) kdgawa- MISTAKE, n. error, malt, kamd-
rdng-bansd. lian.
MINOR, adj. not. yet of age, mi- MISTAKEN, adj. malt—You are
nor, Sp.; batd pa. m., Mali ka.
MINORITY, n. mtnoriya, Sp.; MISTER (Mr.), n. ginod (Abbr.
state or being not yet of age, G.)
pagka-batd pa. MISTY, adj. maulap; dim, mala-
MINUTE, n. 60 seconds, minuto, bd.
Sp.; a short time, sandali; a MIX, v. to blend together, pagha-
moment, saglit. luin; mingle, makihald.
MINUTE, adj. very small, ndpa- MIXED, adj. magkahalo, magka-
kaliit; katiting; SI. kapurdt. lahdk.
Mixer 66 Mountaineer

M I X E R , n. ( a p p a r a t u s ) panghalo. M O N S T R O S I T Y , n. kahalima-
M O A N , v. (from p a i n ) humaluy- wan; u n n a t u r a l hugeness, kalak-
hoy; (from sorrow) tumaghoy. hdn.
M O B , n. crowd, libumbon. M O N T H , n. buwdn.
MOCK, v. t o ridicule, libakin, M O N T H L Y , a d j . buwanan.
manlibdk; jeer, tuydin, manu-
M O N U M E N T , n. bantayog; mo-
ya. numento, Sp.
MOCKERY, n. panlilibdk; panu- MOOD, n. t e m p e r of mind, lagdy
nuyd.
M O D E , n. m e t h o d , paradn; ng loob; ( G r a m . ) mode, pana-
( G r a m . ) mood, panagano. gano.
M O D E L , n. p a t t e r n , tulardn; hii- MOON, n. buwdn.
waran; ulirdn. M O R A L , a d j . moral, S p . ; govern-
M O D E R A T E , adj. not extreme or m e n t by v i r t u o u s conduct, ma-
excessive, kainaman, katamta- sanling, n c ; (of women, special-
man. ly) matimtiman.
M O D E R A T O R , n. adviser, taga- M O R E , a d j . laid, laid na.—adv.
payo. pa.
M O D E R N , a d j . recent, bago; p e r - M O R E O V E R , adv. besides, sakd;
t a i n i n g to t h e p r e s e n t t i m e , also, at gayundin; further, at
pangkasalukuyan. higit pa.
M O D E R N I S M , n. pagka-makaba-
M O R N I N G , n. umaga.
go. MOSQULTO, n. lamok.
M O D E R N I S T , adj.-n. makabago. MOSS, n. lum,ot.
M O D E S T , adj. mahinhin; mabini.
M O D E S T Y , n. kahinhindn; kabi- MOST, a d j . pinaka- plus positive
nian. adjective, as, pinakamagandd,
M O D I F I E R , n. ( G r a m . ) pantu- most beautiful.
ring, panuring. M O T H E R , n. ind.
M O D I F Y , v. to c h a n g e , a l t e r , ba- MOTION, n. galdw; kilos, kibo;
guhin; (Gram.) turingan. formal proposal in a meeting,
M O I S T , a d j . halumigmig; slight- mungkahi. — m. pictures, sine,
l y wet, basd-basd. Sp.; aninong gumdgalaw.
M O I S T U R E , n. halumigmig; ka- MOTIVATION, n. panggaganydk.
halumigmigan. M O T I V E , n. sanhi.
M O L E C U L E , n. titing, nc. MOTOR, n. motdr, S p . ; mdkind,
M O M E N T , n. saglit; an instant,
sandali. Sp.
M O T O R C Y C L E , n. motorsiklo, Sp.
MONARCHY, n. pdmahaladng
makaharl. M O T T O , n. moto, E n g . ; bansdg.
M O N D A Y , n. Lunes, S p . M O U N T , v. to ascend, umakydt;
M O N E Y , n. kuwarta, kuwalta, get u p , a s on a horse, sumakdy;
S p . ; salapi; pera, S p . ; pilak. assemble, a s machinery, itala-
M O N K , n . monghe, S p . tdg, imuntdr, Sp.
M O N S T E R , n. kalimaw; fig. dam- M O U N T A I N , n. bundok.
buhala ( w h a l e ) ; damulag (big M O U N T A I N E E R , n. mdmumun-
carabao). dok.
Mountainous 67 Naked

MOUNTAINOUS, adj. bulubun- —n. bulong, ungol; (of running

dukin; mabundok. streams) aliw-iw.
MOURN, v. to grieve, magdalam- MUSCLE, n. kalamnan.
hati, mamighati; wear clothes MUSCULAR, adj. malaman; ma-
of mourning, magluksa. tipund.
MOURNING, n. pagluluksd. MUSE, n. paraluman; 7nusa, Sp.;
MOUSE, n. dagd. diwata.—v. to meditate in si-
MOUSTACHE, n. bigote, Sp.; mi- lence, magnildy-nilay.
say. MUSEUM, n. museo, Sp.; exhibi-
MOUTH, n. bibig. tion hall, tanghalan.
MOUTHFUL, n. sansubb* sansa- MUSHROOM, n. (edible) kabute;
muol. (not edible) mamarang.
MOUTHPIECE, n. of musical in- MUSIC, n. mtisikd, Sp.; musicat
strument, bokilya, Sp. composition, tugtugin.
MOVE, v. gumaldw, kumilos. MUSICAL, adj. having ear for
MOVEMENT, n. galdw, pagga- music, may-uwido, Sp.; musikdl,
Idw; kilos, pagkilos. Sp.
MOW, v. gumapas, gapasin: taa- MUSICIAN, n. musiko, Sp.; ?nd-
pasin. nunugtog.
MUCH, adj.-adv. marantic mara- MUST, v. dapat, ndrarapat, ma-
ming-marami. rapat.
MUD, n. putik. MUSTARD, n. mustasa, Sp.
MUDDY, adj. maputik. MUSTY, adj. moldy, maamag,
MULE, n. mula, Sp. dmagin; stale, laon, panis; sour-
MULTIFARIOUS, adj. sarisari: ed, kulasim.
diverse, ibd't ibd; ibd-ibd. MUTE, adj. speechless, umid;
MULTIPLY, v. to cause to in- dumb, pipi.
crease in number, paramihin, MUTUAL, adj. tugunan, pdlitan;
magparami. damaydn.
MULTITUDE, n. karamihang- MUZZLE, n. busdl; sangkdl.—v.
tao; crowd, libumbon. busaldn; sangkaldn.
MUMPS, n. (Med.) baiki, biki. MY, pron. (prepositive) akin;
MUNITION, n. arms, sandata,; pi. (postpositive ) ko.
war material, kasangkapang MYRRH, n. mira, Sp.
pandigma. MYSTERIOUS, adj. mahiwaga.
MURDER, n. pagpatdy ng tao.— MYSTERY, n. hiwaga; misteryo,
v. pumatdy ng tao; to kill, pa- Sp.
tayin, kitilin, MYSTIC, n.-adj. mistiko, Sp.
MURDERER, n. mdmamatay-tao. MYTH, n.-legend, alamdt.
MURMUR, v. bumulung-bulong. MYTHOLOGY, n. paldalamatan.

IV
NAIL, n. pako.—v. ipako, paku- NAKED, adj. (completely) hu-
an. bu't-hubdd; (from trunk up-
 Name 68 Nickel
ward) hubdd; (from trunk NECK, n. leeg; liig.
downward) hubo. NECKLACE, n. kuwintds, Sp.
NAME, n. ngalan; given n., pa- NECKTIE, n. kurbata, Sp.
ngalan; designation, tawag; re- NEED,, v. to stand in want, mo-
known, kabantugan. ngailangan, kailanganin,
NAMELY, adv. dlalaong bagd'y.
NAP, v. umidlip; doze, mdpaidlip. NEEDLE, n. karayom.
NAPE, n. batok. NEEDY, n. dahop; hikahos.
NAPKIN, n. serbilyeta, Sp.; pd- NEGATION, n. act of denying,
mahirdn. pagtanggi; contradiction, pana-
NARRATE, v. to relate a story, nalansdng.
magbuhay, ibuhay; magbida, NEGATIVE, adj. patanggi; pasa-
Sp.; ibida. lansdng; opposing, laban, tutol.
NARRATION, n. pagbubuhay; NEGLECT, v. magpabaya, paba-
pagbibida, Sp.; short-story, ma- yaan; to fail to pay attention
ikling-kathd. to,* mdkalingatdn.
NARROW, adj. makipot; maki- NEGLECTFUL, adj. pabayd;
lid. mapagpabayd.
NASAL, adj. (of sound) pahu- NEGOTIABLE, adj.. for sale, tpi-
mdl; pertaining to the nose, nagbibili; can be bought, mabi-
pang-ilong. bili.
NATION, n. bansd (bansd); nas- NEIGH, n. halinghing. — v. hu-
yon, Sp. malinghing.
NATIONAL, a d j. pambansd, NEIGHBOR, n. kapitbahay.
(pambansd) ; nasyondl, Sp. NEITHER, pron. not either, aliil-
NATIONALITY, n. kabansahdn, md'y hindi,—conj. n nor,
(kabansadn) ; lahl, lipi. ni, nL
NATIVE, adj. inborn, inherent, NEPHEW, n. pamangking lalaki.
katutubo; born or produced in, NERVOUS, adj. ninenerbyos, Sp.
tadl, Sp.; or use. tqgd- or tubb NEST, n. pug ad.
sa... 4- the place of birth. NEUROLOGY, n. neurolohiya,
NATIVITY, n. kapangdnakan. Sp.
NATURAL, adj. likds; natural, NEUTER, adj. (Gram.) n. gen-
Sp.; inborn, innate, katutubo. der, waldng kasarian.
NATURE, n. kalikasdn. NEVER, adv. kailanmd'y hindi.
NAUGHT, n. nothing, wald. NEVERTHELESS, adv.-conj. ga-
NAUGHTY, adj. pilyo, Sp.; mis-
chievous, malikot; wayward, yunmdn.
makards. NEW, adj. bago.
NAUTILUS, n. karakgl, Sp. NEWLY, adv. bdbago.
NAVY, n. hukbong-dagat. NEWS, n. balitd.
NEAR, adv. malapit.—prep, ma- NEWSPAPER, n. pdhayagdn.
lapit sa, NEWSY, adj. mabalitd.
NEARLY, adv. halos. NEXT, adj. kasunod.
NECESSARY, adj. kailangan. NICE, adj. mainam; pleasant, na-
NECESSITY, n. pangangaila- kalulugdd.
ngan. NICKEL, n. nikel, Sp.
Nicknack 69 Notwithstanding

NICKNACK, n. algands, Sp.; ka- NOON, n. tanghalt.

gikagi, NOONTIME, n. katanghalian.
NICKNAME, n. palayaw; taguri. NOOSE, n. silo.
NIECE, n. pamangking babae. NORMAL, adj. normdl, Sp.
NIGHT, n. gabi. NORTH, n.-adj. hilagd.
NIGHTFALL, n. twilight, takip- NORTHEAST, n-adj. hilagang-
silim. silangan.
NIGHTLY, adj .-adv. gabi-gabL NORTHWARD, adj.-adv. pahila-
NIGHTMARE, n. bangungot. ga.
NIMBLE, adj. quick, maliksi. NORTHWEST, n.-adj. hilagang-
NINE, n.-adj. siy&m. kanluran.
NINETEEN, n.-adj. labinsiydm. NOSE, n. ildng.
NINETEENTH, n.-adj. ikalabin- NOSTRIL, n. butas ng ildng.
siydm, ika-19. NOT, adv. hindi; wald.
NINETIETH, n.-adj. ikasiyamna- NOTABLE, adj. worthy of atten-
pft, ika-90. tion, kalimi-limi; remarkable,
NINTY, n.-adj. siydmnapQ. kapund-pund; distinguished, U-
NINTH, n.-adj. ikasiydm, ika-9. tdw, tanydg.
NIPPLE, n. utdng. NOTARY, n. notaryo, Sp.
NO, adv. hindi; don't, huwdg. NOTE, n. memorandum, tola, pa-
NOBLE, adj. maharlikd; high in gunitd; a letter, liham, sulat;
rank, matads, matayog, mahdl. mark or feature, tandd; (Mus.)
NOBODY, pron. no one, waldng nota, Sp.—v. to observe, pansi-
sinuman; of no value, waldng- nin; pay attention to, limiin.
kabuluhan, NOTEBOOK, n. kuwaderno, Sp.;
NOCTURNAL, adj. panggabi. akldt-taladn.
NOD, v. tumango. NOTED, adj. litdw, tanydg.
NODE, n. bukd. NOTEWORTHY, adj. kapansin-
NOISE, n. ingay; clamor, linggdl, pansin, kalimi-limi.
outcry, sigdw, hiydw. NOTHING, n. wald.
NOISY, adj. maingay; clamorous, NOTICE, n. notification, paunawd,
uproarious, malinggdl; turbu- pabatid; warning, babald.—v.
to see, mdkita; observe, mdpah-
lent, maguld. sin, pansinin.
NOMINATE, v. to appoint, hira- NOTICEABLE, adj. can be seen,
ngin; propose or name (some- lata; conspicuous, lantdd, ha-
one) for an office, imungkaht. ydg; exposed to view, litdw,
NOMINATIVE, adj. (Gram.) kita.
palagyo. NOTIFY, v. to inform by notice,
NONCHALANT, adj. waldng- magpaunawd, paunawaan; have
tigatig. (it) told to, magpasabi, pasabi-
NONE, pron. wald; no one, wd- han.
Idng sinumdn. NOTION, n. hakd; idea, akalct,
NONSENSE, n. kahunghangdni isip.
absurdity, kabalighudn; silli- NOTWITHSTANDING, prep, ka-
ness, kaululdn. hit.. .man (as, n. the need, ka-
NOODLE, n. miki, Ch. hit kailangan man).—con j . ga-
NOOK, n. sulok, panulukan. yunmdn.—adv. kahit na.
Noun 70 Obsolete
N O U N , n. (Gram.) pangngalan. NOVICE, n. baguhan; nobisyo,
N O U R I S H , v. to feed, pakanin, Sp.
magpakain; foster, kandilihin, NOW, adv. ngayon.
kumandili. N O W A D A Y S , adv. sa panahong
N O U R I S H M E N T , n. food, pag- ito; sa kasalukuyan.
kain; sustenance, pang-agaw- N U C L E U S , n. kabuurdn, nc.
buhay; nutriment, pamo,wing- N U M B , adj. manhid, namdman-
gutom. hid.
N O V E L , n. nobela, Sp.; kathambu- N U M B E R , n. bilang; (Gram.) fca-
hay.—adv. of recent introduc- ilandn; a numeral, pamilang.
tion, bago; bagong labds, 6a- N U M E R A L , n.-adj. pamilang.
gong litdw. N U M E R O U S , adj. maraming-ma-
N O V E M B E R , n. Nobyembre, Sp. rami.
N O V E N A , n. nubena, Sp.; pagsi- N U R S E , n. nars, Eng.
siydm. N Y M P H , n. nimpa, Sp.

P
IT
OAR, n. gaody sagwdn. OBLIQUE, adj. pahiwid, pahiris.
O A R S M A N , n. manggagoad, md- OBLITERATE, v. to erase, pa-
nanagwdn. wiinf payiin.
O A T H , n. sumpd, panunumpd. OBLIVION, n. limot
O B E D I E N C E , n. pagsunod, pag- OBLIVIOUS, adj. abstracted, li-
talima. ngdty libdng; forgetful, malimu-
O B E D I E N T , adj. masfinurin. tin.
O B E Y , v. sumundd, sundin; tu- O B S C E N E , adj. indecent, maka-
malima, talimahin. lay.
O B J E C T , n. aim, pakay, adhikain,
OBSCURE, adj. not clear, malabo.
lay on; (Gram.) kagdnapan, la- O B S E R V A N C E , n. pagtupdd, pag-
yon; anything perceivable, ba- gandp.
gay.
O B J E C T I O N , n. pagtutol; pagsa- OBSERVATION, n. pagmamasid,
lungdt. pagpansin; remark, pahayag,
O B J E C T I O N A B L E , adj. undesir- pansin; puna.
able, di-kanais-nais. O B S E R V E , v. to see and note,
O B J E C T I V E , adj. ldyunint pun- pansinin, limiin; watch close-
tahin; nildlayon. ly, bantaydn; celebrate, magdi-
OBLIGATION, n. duty, tungkulin, wang, ipagdhvang.
katungkulan; responsibility, sd- OBSERVER, n. tagamasid; taga-
gutin, kapanagutan. pansin.
OBLIGATORY, adj. sdpilitdn. O B S E S S E D , adj. nahuhumaling.
OBLIGE, v. to compel by force, OBSESSION, n. act of being ob-
pilitin; puwersahin, Sp.; grati- sessed, pagkahumaling; (object)
f y pagbigydn, pairugan. kinahuhumalingan.
OBLIGING, adj. mapagpairog. OBSOLETE, adj. lipds.
Obstacle 71 Often
OBSTACLE, n. sagabal; balaksi- (something), alisin, bakbakin.—
la. Two per cent off. May-bawas
OBSTINACY, n. katigasdn ng ulo. na dalawdng bahagddn.—Two
OBSTINATE, adj. matigds ang miles of. May-layong dalawdng
ulo, milya.—Off and on. Manakdna-
OBSTRUCTION, n. hadldng. kd.—prep. Off the track. Napa-
OBVIOUS, adj. halatd; easily palayo. Ndpapalinsdd.—adj. —
seen, kita; evident, malinaw. An off day. Araw na waldng
OCCASION, n. chance, opportun- gdwain. Araw na waldng pasok.
ity, pagkakdtadn; celebration, —The off side. Kanan.
OFFENCE, OFFENSE, n. act of
pagdiriwang; event, occurrence, angering, panggagalit; of vex-
pangyayari.
OCCASIONAL, adj. paminsan- ing or annoying, pangyayamot;
minsan; manakd-nakd. of affronting, pandurustd, pa-
OCCULT, adj. concealed from ob- niniphayd.
OFFEND, v. to make angry,
servation, tago; secret, lihim; manggalit, galitin; vex, annoy,
hidden, lingid. mangyamot, yamutin; offer an
OCCUPATION, n. act or state of affront, mandustd, dustain; ma-
possession, pag-aari; pamumu- niphayo, siphayuin.
sesyon, Sp.; regular business or OFFER, n, act of putting forward
calling, tungkulin, gdwain; tra- for acceptance, alok; proffer,
baho, Sp. handog; act of setting down,
OCCUPY, v. to take possession, hayin, hain; act of giving as
kunin, pamusesyundn, Sp.; dwell memorial, alay.—v. mag-alok,
in, tumird, tirahdn. alukin; to proffer, dedicate,
OCCUR, v. to take piece, mang- maghandog, ihandog, handugdn;
yari; happen to come into one's ' set down, maghayin, maghain;
mind, mdisip (sumagl sa isip). ihayin, ihain; hayinant Hainan;
OCCURRENCE, n. pangyayari. give as memorial, mag-alayf ia-
OCEAN, n. karagatan; dagat, lay, vaa-alayan.
OCTOBER, n. Oktubre, Sp. OFFHAND, adj. extemporaneous,
ODD, adj. not even, may-gansdl; biglaan.—adv. sa-biglaan.
peculiar, kakatwd. OFFICER, n. person who holds
ODIOUS, adj. hateful, kapoot- an office, mdnunungkulan; a
poot, nakapdpoot. person of authority in the ar-
ODOR, n. amoy; scent, fragrance, my or navy, opisydl, Sp.; pinu-
bango, halimuyak.
ODORIFEROUS, adj. scented, OFFICIAL, adj. having to do with
fragrant, mabango, mahalimu- an office or officers, pampdmu-
yak. nudn; approved by the proper
OF, prep, in, on, sa; belonging to, authority, opisydl, Sp.; pabatds.,
ng; from, gating sat muld sa. nc.
OFF, adv.—The lid is off, waldng OFFICIATE, v. mantivaran.
takip.—My shoes are off. Hubdd OFFSPRING, n. suphng; andk.
ang aking sapato s .—The OFTEN, adv. malimit frequent-
trip is off. Ang paglalakbdy ay OFTEN, adv. malimit; frequent-
di na mdtutuloy. — To take off ly, madalds.
Oil 72 Oppress
OIL, n. langis., pagsisimuld; pag-uumpisd, Sp.;
OILER, n. Idngisan; lseytera. Sp. opportunity or chance, pagkakd-
OILY, a d j . malangis; mamantikd, taon.
Sp. OPERA, n. opera, Sp.
OLD, a d j . matandd; out of date, O P E R A T E , v. to set in action or
lipas;ancient,laon;oflong motion (as an engine or ma-
perience, former, dati, datihan. chine) , paandarin, magpaan-
O L I V E , n. oliba, Sp. ddr, Sp.; palakarin, magpala-
O M E L E T , n. torta, S p . ; tortilya, kad; patakbuhin, magpatakbo;
Sp. manage or direct, mamahala,
O M E N , n. pdngitain. pamahalaan; mangasiwa, pa-
O M E N T U M , n. (Anat.) binubong. ngasiwaan.
O M I N O U S , a d j . nagbdbala; nag- OPERATION, n. (Surg.) pani-
bdbantd. nistis; a surgical o. done, pag-
OMISSION, n. paglaktdw; paglig- kakdtistis; act of setting in ac-
td. tion or motion, pagpapaandar,
OMIT, v. to leave out, laktawdn, Sp.; pagpapalakad, pagpapatak-
iwan, bayaan; ligtadn. bo.
ON, prep, sa; above and touching, OPINION, n. palagdy; belief, pa-
nasa-ibabatv ng.—adv. Go on. niwald; what one things about
Magpatuloy ka. Ituloy mo. a subject, pagpapalagdy, kuru-
O N C E , adv. minsan.—o. again, kurd.
minsan pa.—-o. in a while, ma- OPIUM, n. (Med.) apyan, Ch.
minsan-minsan, paminsan-min- O P P O N E N T , n. kalaban; antago-
san. nist, katunggall; enemy, kaa-
O N E , n.-adj. isd.—pron. anybody,
ang sinumdn. way.
O N E N E S S , n. kaisahdn; pagka- O P P O R T U N E , adj. timely, ndpa-
isd. panahon, nasa-panah6n.
O N E R O U S , adj. burdensome, ma- OPPORTUNIST, n. taong mapag-
bigdt. samantald.
O N I O N , n. sibuyas, S p . ; lasund, OPPORTUNITY, n. chance, pag-
Ilok. kakdtadn; convenient time, ka-
pandhunan.
ONLOOKER, n. mdnonodd; miron,
Sp. OPPOSE, v. lumaban, labanan;
to be or go against, sumalungdt,
O N L Y , adj. sole, tangl; one and salungatin.
no more, bugtdng, kaisd-isd.— OPPOSED, adj. laban; salungdt;
adv. merely, lamang; exclusive- tutol.
ly, bukdd-tangi. OPPOSITE, adj. contrary, salu-
O N W A R D , adv.-adj. forward, pa- ngdt, kasalungdt; antagonistic,
sulong, patuloy. kalaban; placed or standing in
O P E N , adj. bukds. — v. buksdn, front of, katapdt.
ibukds. O P P R E S S , v. to crush by harsh
O P E N E R , n. pambukds. or cruel rule, siilin, maniil;
O P E N I N G , n. hole, butas; begin- treat with cruelty, paglupitdn,
n i n g or manner o f beginning, magmalupit.
 Oppression 73 Oscillate
OPPRESSION, n. paniniil; cruel ORDERLY, a d j . in order, maa-
treatment, pagmamalupit. yos; well-arranged, mahusay;
OPPRESSOR, n. mdniniil. areglado, S p . ; neat, maimis;
OPTICAL, adj. pangmatd; ukol peaceable, quiet, tahimik. — n.
so, matd. attendant, katulong; o. officer,
OPTIMISM, n. pagka-paldasd; tagaganqp.
pagka-maasahin. O R D I N A N C E , n. statute, kautu-
OPTIMIST, n.-adj'. paldasd; ma- sdn; kabatasdn.
asahin. O R D I N A R Y , adj. usual, karani-
OPTION, n. (Com.) opsiyon, S p ; wan; commonplace, pangkarani-
patalagd.
wan.
OPULENCE, n. kariwasadn, ORE, n. vnambatd.
O P U L E N T , adj. mariwasd.
ORGAN, ii. drgano, S p . ; function-
OR, conj. o, Sp.; o kayd'y.
al part (of an animal or plant)
ORACLE, n. ordkulo, Sp.
ORAL, adj. using speech, sa sali- bahagi, sangkdp; means of ex-
td; oral, Eng. pression, tagabansdg, tagapa-
ORANGE, n. dalanghita, Sp.; sin- mansdg.
tunis, sinturis. ORGANIZATION, n. act or pro-
ORATION, n. talumpati; path cess of putting together, pagbu-
ORATOR, n. mdnanalumpati; buo;. of arranging, pag-aayos,
oradory Sp. pagsasaayos; association, socie-
ty, kapisanan, samahdn.
ORB, n. a circle, bilog; globe,
ORGANIZE, v. magtqtag, itatag.
globo, Sp.; sphere, bilo.
O R I E N T , adj. rising (like the
ORBIT, n. path of a star, dadng-
sun) ninikaty ninilang; pertain-
tala.
ing to the east, pansilangan.—
ORCHARD, n. looban; hdlama-
n. the east, silangan.
ndn.
ORCHESTRA, n. orkesta, Sp. O R I E N T A L , adj. eastern, pansila-
ORCHID, n. sanggumay. ngany silanganin,
ORDEAL, n. severe test, mahig- ORIGIN, n. the beginning, Simu-
pit na pagtitikim; terrible ex- la; source, pinagmuldn, pinang-
perience, kahild-hilakbot na ka- galingan; cause, dahily sanhi;
ranasan. derivation, pinaghanguan.
ORDER, n. sequence, pagkakdsu- ORIGINAL, adj. first, una; prim-
nud-sunod; regular method of itive, pdngunahin; not copied,
action, ayos, kaayusan; estab- sariling-kathd,
lished custom, kalakardn; ka- O R N A M E N T , n. decoration, pala-
ugalidn; command, utos; rule, muti; adornment, gaydk, pari-
tuntunin; law, batds; regulation, oral.
dlituntunin; public quiet, kata- ORNITHOLOGY, n. paldibunan.
himikan; a direction to pur- O R P H A N , n.-adj. ulila.
chase, pabili; bilin, pabilin.—v. O R P H A N A G E , n. ampunan ng
to command, mag-utos, utusan, mga ulila.
pag-utusan; arrange systemat- O R P H A N E D , adj. naulila.
ically, mag-ayos, iayos, ayusin. O S C I L L A T E , v. to swing back-
ORDERLINESS, n. kaayusan; ward and forward, tumayun-
pagka-mauyos. tayon.
Osmosis 74 Overwhelm

OSMOSIS, n. pagtagas. Ian; unlawful violence, karaha-

O S T E N T A T I O U S , adj. fond of sdn; kapalibhasaan.
show, mapagparangyd; intended OUTRIGGER, n. katig; batangan.
for vain display, pamparangyd. O U T S I D E , n. labds; outer sur-
O S T R A C I Z E , v. itakwil. face, pangibabaw.—adj .-adv. sa
OTHER, adi.-pron. iba. labds ng.
O T H E R W I S E , adv. in a different O U T S T A N D I N G , adj. prominent,
w a y , sa ibdng paradn.—conj. dili litdw, tanydgf (Com.) uncollect-
kayd'y, o kayd'y. ed, singilin; (Com.) unpaid, bd-
O U G H T , v. aux. dapat, ndrarapat. yarin.
O U N C E , n. onsa, Sp. OVAL, adj. bilog-habd; egg-
OUR, pron. (prepositive) atin; shaped, hugis-itlog; tabas-itlog.
(postpositive) natin. OVEN, n. hurno, Sp.
O U T , adv. outside, sa labds.—adj. OVER, prep, sa ibabaw ng; sa
not in, absent, wald. itads ng; beyond the top or
O U T B R E A K , n. pagsilakbo; silak- edge, sa kabild ng, sa ibayo mg.—
bo. adv. across, sa kabild, sa ibayo;
OUTCOME, h. consequence, kind- turning top down, pabaligtdd.
labsdn; fruit, bunga. OVERALLS, n. oberols, Eng.
OUTDO, v. to surpass, malaluan; OVERCOME, v. to get the better
madaig, daigin; mahigtdn. of, madaig, daigin; makapana-
OUTDOORS, n.-adv. sa labds.
O U T E R , adj. panlabds; labds. {g; conquer, malupig, lupigin;
matalo, talunin.
O U T F I T , n. equipment, kagami- O V E R D U E , adj. lampds sa ta-
tdn.
OUTGOING, a d j . leaving, depart- ning.
OVEREAT, v. magpakabultdk.
ing, paalis.
OUTGROWTH, n. tubd, sibdl, su- OVERFLOW, v. to flood over, 6M-
loy. mahd, bahadn; (slight) mag-
OUTING, n. excursion, eskursi- sanaw, masanawan.
y6n, S p . ; a pleasure trip, pagli- OVERHEAR, v. mdulinigan.
liwaliw. OVERLAP, v. isanib, pagsanibin.
OUTLOOK, n. a place from which OVERLAPPING, adj. magkasa-
a person watches or observes, nib; nagkakdsanib.
bantayan, tdnawan; the view, O V E R R U N , v. mangalat, pangala-
tdnawin; prospect for the f u - tan.
ture, hope, pag-asa;. a w a y of OVERSIGHT, n. pagkalingdt.
looking «at a thing, pagtingin, ti- OVERTAKE, v. abutan, maabu-
ngin; palagdy. tan.
O U T L A W , n. tulisdn; bandido, OVERTIME, n. obertaim, Eng.;
Sp.' (at night) lamay.
O U T L E T , n. Idbasan; pdlabasdn. O V E R T U R N , v. to upset, mati-
O U T L I N E , n. banghdy; balang- wds, tiwasin.
kds. OVERWHELM, v. to cover over
O U T N U M B E R , v. to exceed in completely, mdtabunan, tabu-
number, malaluan sa bilang. nan; bear down upon from all
O U T R A G E , n. a going beyond sides so as to crush or destroy,
bounds, kalampasdn; kabalba- pagtalikupan; drown, lunurin.
 Overwork 75 Palpable
OVERWORK, v. magpakalabis sa OWL, n. kuwago, S p . ; bahdw.
paggawd. OWN, adj. sarili, panarili.—v. I
OWE, v. to be in debt, magkau- own this, Akin ito.
tang.—I owe you ten pesos.
May utang akong sampung piso O W N E R S H I P , n. pagka-may-ari.
sa iyo. OYSTER, n. talabd.

p
PACE, n. step, hakbdng; gait, bi- P A I N F U L , adj. masakit; mahap-
lls (tulin) ng lakad (takbo). di; makirot.
PACIFIC, adj. peaceable, mapana- P A I N T , n. coloring pigment, pin-
himik.—P. O c e a n , Karagatang tura, S p . ; pampintd, Sp.—v. to
Pasipikd. portray with paint, magpinta,
PACIFY, v. to make quiet, papa- ipintd; decorate by use of p.,
nahimikin; appease (as a baby), pintahdn.
patahaniriy aluih. P A I N T I N G , n. pintura, S p . ; pin-
PACK, n. bundle, balutan; bastd; td, Sp.
binalot; pakete, Sp.—v. to a r - PAIR, n. parts; the two, ang da-
range securely and closely in a lawd; partners (in d a n c i n g ) ,
container, mag-empake, Sp.; em- magkapareha.
pakihin, Sp.; crowd together, P A J A M A S , n. padyamas, Eng.
siksikin; fill, punuiru P A L , n. katoto.
'PACKAGE, n. pakete, Sp.; bina- P A L A C E , n. palasyo, S p . ; bahay-
lot, balutan, harl; bahay-makahart.
PACT, n. kdsunduan.—Blood p., P A L A T A B L E , adj. malinamndm;
sanduguan. . savorous, malasa..
PAD, n. cushion to lessen pres- P A L A T E , n. (Anat.) roof of
sure, sapin; a block of sheets of mouth, ngalangala; sense of
naner. pad, Eng. t a s t e , panlasa.
PADDING, n. pading, E n g . ; pam- P A L E , adj. maputld; pallid, ba-
pakapdl. rdk.
PADDLE, n. oar, gaodt sagwdn. P A L L , v. to become wearisome,
PADLOCK, n. kandado, Sp.—v. makainip; makasuyd. — ( E cc.)
kandaduhan, Sp. covering of a chalice or hearse,
P A G A N , n. di-binyagan; pagano, palyo, Sp.
SD. P A L L E T , n. small, rough bed, pa-
PAGE, n. pdhind, S p . ; panig, da- pag.
Hon. PALLOR, n. lack of color, kaput-
P A G E A N T , n. palabds, pakita; ladn; (of t h e face) kabarakdn,
exhibition, tanghdl. pamamardk.
PAID, adj. baydd na; hired, upa- PALM, n. (of hand) palad.
han. P A L P A B L E , adj. nddaramd, nd-
P A I L , n. timbd; balde, Sp. dadamd; obvious, clear, mali-
PAIN, n. sakit; hapdi; kirdt. naw.
Palpitant 76 Partake

P A L P I T A N T , adj. throbbing, tu- PARCEL, n. bahitan; pakete, Sp.

mitibok; quivering, sumisikdo, PARCHMENT, n. pergamino, Sp.
P A L P I T A T E , v. to beat or throb, PARDON, n. kapatawardn. — v.
tumibok; flutter, sumikdo, ku- patawarin.
mutob. P A R D O N A B L E , adj. mapatdta-
PALSIED, adj. nangdngatdl; wad.
pasmado, Sp. P A R E , v. talupan; akbahin.
P A L T R Y , adj. small, munti; very P A R E N T , n. magulang; source,
little, katiting. pinagmuldn, pinanggalingan.
P A M P E R , v. palayawin; papami- P A R E N T A G E , n. birth, descent,
sanhin. kaangkanan. angkdn.
P A M P H L E T , n. pamplet, Eng.; P A R E N T H E S I S , n. panaklong,
polyeto, Sp.; muntakldt, cw. pangulong.
P A N , n. tray, bandeha, Sp.— PARISH, n. parokya, Sp.
frying p., kawali,—wash p., PARK, n. parke, Sp.; liwasan.
batya. P A R L I A M E N T , n. parlamento,
P A N I C , n. gikld, gulilat; fear, ta- Sp.; bdtasan.
kot. PARLOR, n. salas, Sp.
P A N I C K Y , adj. gulilat; takot. PARODY, n. parodya, Sp.; pata-
P A N O R A M A , n. tdnawin. wd.
P A N T , v. humingal.—n. hingal. PAROXYSM, n. sasdl; silakbo.
P A N T R Y , n. paining galan. PARROT, n. loroy Sp.; papagayo,
P A P A , n. father, amd; daddy, ta- Sp.
tay, tatangy itdy. PARRY, v. manaldg, sumaldg sa-
P A P E R , n. papel, Sp..—toilet p., lagin.
pang-iwang, pamandewang. P A R S E , v. suriin; to analyze.
P A R A B L E , n. kathdng may aral. grammatically, balarilain,
P A R A C H U T E , n. payong-bitindn, PARSIMONIOUS, adj. stingy,
nc.; parakaida, Sp. maramot; close, maimot, maigot.
P A R A D E , n. parada, Sp. PARSIMONY, n. stinginess, fect-
ramutan; closeness, kaimutan,
P A R A D I S E , n. paraiso, Sp. kaigutan.
P A R A D O X , n. kabalintunaan. P A R S O N , n. klerigo, Sp.; kura,
P A R A G R A P H , n. taldta, pukto. Sp.; pare ( p a r i ) , Sp.; pastor,
P A R A L L E L , adj. (Geom.) mag- Sp.
kabalalayt kabalalay. P A R T , n. bahagi; piece, piraso,
P A R A L Y S I S , n. (Med.) pardli- Sp.; section, pangkdt; element,
sis, Sp.; pagkalumpd. sangkdp.—v. to divide, hatiin;
P A R A M O U N T , adj. higit sa la- separate, maghiwaldy; leave;
hdt. umalis.
P A R A P H E R N A L I A , n. accesso- P A R T A K E , v. to take some part
ries, kagamitdn; sangkdp, ka- in, makisama; partaking in any
sangkapan. action is expressed by maki-
P A R A S I T E , n. dapo. plus the root denoting the ac-
tion as, makikain, to eat togeth-
P A R A S I T I C , adj. dapo; mdninip- er with others; makikuha, to
sip. join others in getting (some-
P A R A S O L , n. payong. t h i n g ) , etc.
Participant 77 Patrol

PARTICIPANT, n. one who takes out resistance, waldng-tutol;

part, kasali, (Gram.) p. voice, tinig balin-
PARTICIPLE, ii. (Gram.) pandi- tiydk.
wari. PASSPORT, n. pasaporte, Sp.; la-
PARTICLE, n. a very small raw, nc.
piece, katiting; a bit, sambutil; PASSWORD, n. hudydt; kontra-
(Gram.) katagd. senyas, Sp.
PARTICULAR, adj. distinct from PAST, adj. nakaradn, nagdadn,
others, ibd, tangly bukod; fas- nakalipas.—n. .the p., ang nag-
tidious, maselang; paldpili. dadn, ang nakalipas; ang ka-
PARTING, n. separation, paghi- hapon.
hiwaldy.—adj. given when talk- PASTE, n. glue, kola, Sp.; pan-
ing leave, pahimakds. digkit.
PARTITION, n. act of dividing, PASTEBOARD, n kartonf Sp.
paghahati, pagbabahagi; a wall PASTIME, n. sport, lard; recrea-
dividing rooms in a building, tion, dliwan; diversion, diber-
dinding. siyon, Sp.; libangan.
PARTITIVE, adj. (Gram.) pama* PASTURE, n. grass, damo; live-
hagi; panghati. stock feed, kumpdy; grassland,
PARTLY, adv. not wholly, di- pastulan, Sp.; damuhdn.
lahdt. PAT, v. tapikin.—n. tapik.
PARTNER, n. kasama, kasamd; PATCH, n. tagpi.
(in dancing) kasaydw; (in busi- PATELLA, n. bayugo ng tuhod.
ness) kasosyo, Sp., kabakas. PATENT, adj. open to public
PARTNERSHIP, n. (Com.) bd- view, lantddy haydg,—n. a right
kasan. or privilege (as to manufacture
PARTURITION, n. panganga- an invention), patentey Sp.
PATH, n, footway, landds; track,
ndk. bagnos; road dadn,
PARTY, n. social gathering, pag- PATHETIC, adj. nakalulunos;
titipon; partly Eng.; political kalunus-lunos.
group, Idpian; partido, Sp. PATHOLOGIST, n. patologo, Sp.
PASS, v. dumadn, magdadn.—n. PATHOLOGY, n. patolohiyay Sp.
way, dadn, landds; permit, pa- PATHOS, n. lunosy kalunusan.
ses; Sp.; pahintulot. PATIENCE, n. pagtitiis; pagii-
PASSENGER, n. sakdy; pasahe- tiyagd, katiyagadn.
To, Sp. PATIENT, adj. mapagtiisy mati-
PASSERS-BY, n. ang vtga du- isin; tnatiyagdy mapagtiyagd.
maradn. PATIENT, n. sick person, ang
PASSION, n. suffering (as of maysakit.
Christ), pagdurusay sakit; out- PATRIARCH, n. apd.
burst of feeling, damdaming ma~ PATRIMONY, n. manat minana.
silakbo; anger, galit; love, pag- PATRIOT, n. wakabayan; taong
ibigy pagsintd; intense desire, magiting.
pagkahumaling. PATRIOTIC, n. makabayan; ma-
PASSIONATE, adj. madamda- giting.
min; amorous, masintahin. PATROL, n. patrolya, Sp.; ron-
PASSIVE, adj. enduring with- da, Sp.; bantdy, tanod.
Patron 78 Perceive
P A T R O N , n. tagataguyod; taga- P E N , n. instrument for writing
pag-adya; patron, Sp. with ink, pluma, Sp.; panulat;
P A T T E R N , n. tulardn, parisdn, coop, kulungin (pigpen, ulbd,
kuwaran. banldt).
P A U S E , v. tumigil sandali. P E N A L T Y , n. parusa; fine or for-
P A V E M E N T , n. latag na bato; feit, multa, Sp.
sidewalk, banketa, Sp. P E N A N C E , n. pagpapakasakit
P A W N , v. magsangld, isangld. P E N C I L , n. lapis, Sp.
P A W N S H O P , n. bahay-sanglaan. P E N D I N G , adj. ndbibitin; pend-
P A Y , v. to make payment, magba- ing, Eng.; tdpusin, lutasin.
yad, bayaran; (n. recompense P E N D U L U M , n. palawit, pata-
for service) umupa, upahan. ngo; pendulo, Sp.
PAYMASTER, n. peymaster, P E N E T R A T E , v. tumagds, tagu-
E n g . ; pagador, S p . ; tagabayad. sdn; tumaldb, talbdn; to enter,
P A Y M E N T , n. bayad; recom- pumasok, sumuot; pasukin, su-
pense, upa. utin.
P E A , n. gisantes, Sp.; kagyus. P E N I N S U L A , n. halos-pulo, nc.
P E A C E , n. kapayapadn. P E N I T E N C E , n. repentance, pag~
P E A C E F U L , adj. paydpd; mapa- SISISI.

yapd. P E N I T E N T , adj. nagsisisi.

P E N I T E N T I A R Y , n. state prison,
P E A C H , n. milokoton, Sp. bilibid; jail, piitan, bilangguan;
PEACOCK, n. pdburedl, Sp. house of correction, bdhay-pd-
P E A K , n. taluktok; tugatog. wastuan,
P E A L , n. kagungkong; echoing P E N K N I F E , n. lanseta, laseta,
noise, alingawngdw. Sp.
P E A N U T , n. mani, Cub. P E N N A N T , n. bandirola, Sp.
P E A R , n. peras, Sp. P E N N I L E S S , n. saldt; kikahos;
P E A R L , n. mutyd; perlas, Sp. watdng-kuwarta.
P E N S I O N , n. pensiyon, Sp.
P E A S A N T , n. taong-bukid, taga- P E N S I V E , adj. nag-iisip; reflec-
bukid. tive, mapanimdim; musing, ma-
PECK, v. tumukd, manuka, tuka- pagnildy-nilay. •
in. P E N T - U P , adj. tinimpi.
P E C U L I A R , adj. kaibd; queer, ka- P E N U L T I M A T E , adj. (of stress
katwd. of pronunciation) malumay; be-
P E D A N T I C , adj. mdpagdunung- fore the last, una sa hull.
dunungan. P E O P L E , n. mga tao; the public,
P E D D L E R , n. maglalakb; taga- ang madid, ang publiko, Sp.
paglako. P E P , n. sigld, buhay; brio, Sp.
P E D E S T A L , n. patungdn; pedes- P E P P E R , n. (plant) sili; (pow-
tal, S p . ; pdtuntungan. dered) pamintd,
P E E K , v. to peep, sumilip, sili- P E P P E R Y , adj. (in taste) maany-
pin. tidng.
P E E L , v. talupan. PER, prep, through, sa pamamagi-
P E E R L E S S , adj. without equal, tan ng; for each, sa bawa't.
waldng-kapantdy. P E R C E I V E , v. to become aware
P E G , n. kalabiha, Sp. of, mdpansin; mddamd.
Per cent 79 Pest

PER CENT, n. bahagddn, nc. gulumihanan; bewilder, lingmi-

PERCENTAGE, n. bahagddn, nc. ngin.
PERCH, v. to roost, humapon.—n. P E R S E C U T I O N , n. pag-uusig.
roosting place, hapundn. PERSEVERANCE, n. tiyaga,
PERCHANCE, adv. kaypala; per- pagtitiyagd, katiyagadn, pagka-
haps, marahil. matiyagd; constant effort, sign-
PEREMPTORY, adj. decisive, wa- sig; sigsd.
Idng-badling; final, tdpusan. P E R S E V E R E , v. magtiyagd; con-
PERFECT, adj. complete, gandp; tinue steadfastly, magmasigasig,
utter, lubos; finished, tapos, pagsigasigan; continue indus-
yarl. triously, magsigsd, pagsigsahdn.
PERFECTION, n. supreme excel- P E R S I S T , v. magpilit, pagpiltan;
lence, kdgaling-galingan; com- magpakapilit; magpumilit pag-
pleteness, kdlubus-lubusan. pumilitan.
PERFIDIOUS, adj. taksil, lilo. P E R S O N , n. man, tao; one's self,
P E R F I D Y , n. kataksildn, kalilu- sarili; personality, katauhan,
han. pagkatao; (Gram.) panauhan,
PERFORCE, adv. sdpilitdn. P E R S O N A B L E , adj. attractive,
PERFORM, v. to do, gawin; car- kaakit-akit.
ry out, isagawd.
P E R S O N A L , adj. panarili, pan-
P E R F U M E , n. pabangd.
PERGOLA, n. balag. sarili; (Gram.) panao.
P E R H A P S , adv. marahil. PERSONALITY, n. katauhan,
PERIL, n. danger, panganib. pagkatao; individuality, kasari-
PERILOUS, adj. dangerous, w o - lihan.
panganib. . P E R S O N N E L , n. tauhan.
PERIOD, n. a portion of time, P E R S P I R A T I O N , n. sweat, pawis.
panahon; a dot, tulddk. P E R S P I R E , v. pawisan.
PERISH, v. to be destroyed, ma- P E R S U A D E , v. manghikayat, hi-
puksd; come to nothing, malipol. kayatin.
P E R I S H A B L E , adj. masirain. PERSUASION, n. paghikayat
P E R M A N E N T , adj. pdnatilihan; panghihikayat.
pdmalagian. P E R S U A S I V E , adj. mapanghika-
PERMISSION, n. pahintulot, ka- yat.
pahintulutdn, P E R T U R B , v. to produce mental
PERMIT, v. magpahintidot, pa- disquiet, tigatigin.
hintulutan. P E R T U R B A T I O N , n. disquiet of
PERNICIOUS, adj. paminsald. the mind, pagkatigatig.
P E R P E N D I C U L A R , adj. patirik, P E R T U S S I S , n. (Med.) ubong-
tirik. dalahit,
P E R P E T U A L , adj. everlasting, P E R V E R S E , adj. balakyot.
panghabang-panahon. P E S S I M I S T I C , adj. may-lumang-
P E R P E T U A T E , v. to preserve, pag-asa; patdy-pag-asa.
pagyamanin.
P E S T , n. peste, Sp.; plague,, sa-
PERPLEX, v. to be confused, ma- lot.
Petal 80 Pitfall
PETAL, n. (Bot.) talulot. PIGEON, n. wild.dove, batubato;
PERSECUTE, v. usigin, pag-usi- dove, kalapati.
gin. PIGMENT, n. coloring matter,
PETITION, n. hiling, kahilingdn. pangulay; pangulor, Sp.
PETROLEUM, n. gas, Sp.; petro- PIGTAIL, n. queue, tirintds.
lyot Sp. PILE, n. heap, bunton.—v. to heap
PHANTASY, n. hallucination, ta- up, ibunton, magbunton.
limuwdng; illusion, kinikitd. PILFER, v. mang-umit, umitin.
PHARMACY, n. parmasya, Sp. PILGRIM, n. maypakay.
PHILOSOPHER, n. pilosopo, Sp.; PILGRIMAGE, n. pamamakay.
talisik, nc. PILL, n. pildurds, Sp.; butil.
PHILOSOPHY, n. pilosopyd, Sp.; PILLAR, n. post, haligi.
tdlisikan, nc. PILLOW, n. unan.
PHLEGM, n. plema, Sp.; kanig- PILOT, n. piloto, Sp.; tagaugit.
hald, kalaghald. PIMIENTO, n. paminton, Sp.
PHONETICS, PHONICS, n. pa- PIMPLE, n. tagihawat.
Idtinigan. PIMPLY, adj. matagihawat, td-
PHONOGRAPH, n. ponograpo, gihawatin.
Sp. PIN, n. (for clothes) aspili, Sp.—
PHOTOGRAPH, n. larawan; re- safety p., emperdible, Sp.—hair
trato, Sp. p., aguhilya, Sp.; talsok.—bowl-
ing p., bulilyoy Sp.
PHOTOGRAPHER, n. retratista, PINCERS, n. sipit, pansipit.
Sp.
PINCH, v. to squeeze between fin-
PHRASE, n. (Gram.) parirala. ger and thumb, mangurot, ku-
PHYSICIAN, n. manggagamot; rutin.
medikd, Sp. PINEAPPLE, n. pinyd, Sp.
PHYSICS, n. pisikd, Sp. PINK, n.-adj. rosas, Sp.
PHYSIOGNOMY, n. pagmumuk- PINNACLE, n. karurukan; sum-
hd.
mit, taluktok.
PIANIST, n. piyanista, Sp. PIOUS, adj. banal.
PIANO, n. piyano, Sp. PIPE, n. tube,, tubo, Sp.; smoking
PICK, v. to choose, select, pumi- p., kuwako, pipa, Sp.; (musical)
li, piliin, mamili. pitOy Sp.
PICKET, n. pointed stake, tulos, PISTOL, n. rebolber, Sp.
urang. PISTON, n. piston, Sp.
PICKLE, n. atsara, Sp. PIT, n. hole in the ground, hukay;
PICNIC, n. piknik, Eng.; kura. hollow, lugong.
PICKPOCKET, n. mandurukot. PITCH, n. asphalt, aspalto; high
PICTURE, n. larawan. tone, tinis, katinisdn. — v. to
PIECE, n. a part of anything, ka- erect, itayo, itindig; throw, hurl,
' putol; kapiraso, Sp. ihagis.
PIER, n. piyir, Eng.; doongdn, PITCHER, n. (in baseball) pitser,
ddungan. Eng.; container for liquids, pit-
PIERCE, v. to punch with a hole, sel, Sp.
butasin. PITFALL, n. pdbuslutan; kahtihu-
PIETY, n. kabdnalan. lugan, ikahuhulog; trap, pati-
PIG. n. baboy. bdng.
Pith 81 Plow

PITH, n. ubod. P L A T E , JI. metal in, sheets, ohas,

PITIABLE, adj. arousing pity, Sp.; dahon; dish, pinggdn; pla-
nakahdhabag, kahabdg - habdg; to,' Sp.
arousing sympathy, nakalulunos, P L A T E A U , n. talampds.
kalunus-lunos. PLATFORM, n. plataporma. Sp.
PITILESS, adj. waiting-hab dg;' PLATING, n. kalupkop.
merciless, waldng-awa. PLAY,'ii. game, laro; jest, bird.—
PITY, n. habdg; compassion, pag- v. to engage in sport, maglarc;
kaawd. toy with, paglarudn.
PIVOT, n. pdikutdn; pinagpdpa- P L A Y E R , n. manlalaro.
ikutan. P L A Y F U L , a d j . malar6; mapag-
PLACARD, n. kartelon, Sp. laro.
PLACE, n. pook; higdl, lugdr, Sp.; P L A Y G R O U N D , n. pdlaruan.
(Gram.) lundn. P L A Y I N G C A R D S , n. baraha,
PLAGIARISM, n. pldhiyo, Sp.; Sp.
P L A Y M A T E , n. kalaro.
panunulad. P L A Y T H I N G , n. toy, larudn.
PLAGIARIST, n. plahiyador, Sp.; P L A Y W R I G H T , n. mandudula.
mdnunulad. P L E A , n. entreaty, pamanhik, pa-
PLAGUE, n. scourge, salot. kiusap; appeal, panawagan.
PLAIN, adj. level, patag; clear P L E A D , v. mamanhik, makiusap:
(as, p. view) kita, lantdd; with- make an appeal, manawagan.
out decoration, not luxurious or P L E A S A N T , adj. pleasing, naka-
rich, lisding. lulugody kalugud-lugod.
P L E A S E , v. to give pleasure,
PLAINS, n. broad stretches of magbigay-lug6d; gratify, paint-
level country, kapatagan.
gan; be pleased, malugod. —
P L A I N T I F F , n. (Law) maysak- adv. expressed by ngd or by
ddl. paki- and ipaki-y as, to please
PLAINTIVE, adj. malumbdy; get, pakikunin; to request t h a t
sad, malungkot. something be taken, ipakikuha,
PLAN, n. banghdy; diagram, ba- etc.
langkds; a w a y proposed, panu- P L E A S U R E , n. lugod; enjoyment,
kald. pagtatamasa; joy, galdk.
P L A N E , adj. flat, lapdd; tool for P L E B I S C I T E , n. plebisito, Sp.
smoothing wood, katdm. P L E D G E , n. sangld; guaranty,
P L A N E T , n. planeta, Sp.; tald. akb; promise, pangakb.
(Star, bituin). P L E N T I F U L , adj. abundant, sa-
gana; in seasonal plenty, sale-
PLANK, n. tabid.
PLANT, n. tanim, pananim; sa,
ma-
chinery, apparatus, etc., planta, P L E N T Y , n. abundance, kasaga-
nadn.
sp P L I E R S , n. plais, E n g .
PLANTATION, n. hacienda, as- PLOT, n. a small area of ground.
yenda, Sp.; pdtaniman. isdng lagdy ng lupa; a conspi-
PLANTER, n. magtatanim. racv, sdbuwatan, sdpakatan.
PLASMA, n. (Med.) pinaka- PLOW, n. araroy Sp.—v. mag-
tubig; plasma, Lat. araro, araruhin.
Plowshare 82 Port
P L O W S H A R E , n. sudsod. ktntdb; social good manners,
P L U C K , v. to* pull off or out, bw- kabutihang-asal.
nutin; pick (flowers), mami- POLITE, adj. courteous, maaa-
tds, pitasin; pull off (feathers lang, mapitagan.
of fowl or b i r d ) , himulmuldn; POLITICAL, adj. pampolitikd,
t w a n g ( a stringed musical in- ' Sp.
s t r u m e n t ) , kalbitin, tugtugin. POLITICIAN, a. politikS, Sp.
P L U C K Y , adj. may malakdfi na POLITICS, n. politikd, Sp.
loob: malakds ana loob • br ave, POLL, n. casting of votes, pagbo-
matapang. to, Sp., paghahaldl; recording
P L U G , n. anything used to istop of votes pagtatald ng mga bo-
a hole, pasak. te; the place where votes are
P L U M B E R , n. plumero, S p . : tu- cast, presinto, Sp.
beroy Sp. POMADE, n. pumada, Sp.
P L U N D E R , v. mandambdnqi• to POMP, n. karingalan.
steal, magnakaw- P O N D , n. dagatan: munting da-
P L U R A L , adj. (Gram.) mdrami- gatan.
han. PONDER, v. magnildy-nilay, pag-
POCKET, n bulsd, S p . ; 1bag, nildy-nilayin; pugkuru-kuruin.
pouch, supot. PONIARD, n. punydl, Sp.; daga,
P O E M , n. tula. balardw.
P O E T , n. makata. POOL, n. amount contributed in
P O E T I C , adj. patuld; tulain. a venture, bdkasan; small body
P O I N T , n. sharp end, tulis; tip Of standing . liquid, sanaw;
of sharp end, tilos; tip, dulo; small body of fresh water, da-
period, dot, tuldok.—v. to in- gatan—swimming p., pdlangu-
dicate something- by the finger yan.
or some stick, iturb. POOR, j*dj. dukhd, mahirap;
P O I N T E D , adj. tul%8t matulis, pa- needy, saldt, dahop.
iutis. POPCORN, n. binusdng mais;
P O I N T E R , n. punter*, S D . : van- busd.
turd. POPE, n. Papa, Sp.
P O I N T L E S S , adj. senseless, wa- POPLIN, n. paplin, Eng.
lang- tinutungo. POPULAR, adj. approved by
P O I S E , n. steadiness, pagka- ma- many people, popular, Sp.;
tatdg; personal carriage, tin- widespread, laganap, palasak;
dig, kiya. of the common people, pang-
P O I S O N , n. lason. madid; easy to understand, ma-
P O I S O N O U S , adj. maylason. gadn, maalwdn.
P O L E , n. post, poste, S p . : (made POPULATION, n. mdmamaydn;
of bamboo) tikin. the people, ang mga tao.
P O L I C E , n. pulls, E n g . P O P U L O U S , adj. matao.
POLICY, n. a fixed coursei or PORK, n. kaming-baboy, (karne,
method, pasun6d, palajcad; in- Sp.)
su ranee agreement, pdlisd, Sp. PORRIDGE, n. (of rice) nilugaw;
P O L I S H , v. to make smooth and (of beans, peas, etc.) sinigdng,
glossy, bulihin, pakintabin.— n . PORT, n. harbor, sadsaran, doo-
smooth and glossy surface, ibull, ngdn, ddungan.
Portable 83 Precious
PORTABLE, adj. ddlahin, bitbi- POTENT, adj. effective, mabisd;
tin; portatil, Sp. powerful, makapangyarihan:
PORTER, n. doorkeeper, portero, POULTRY n. chicken, manok;
Sp.; bantdy-pinto; attendant, turkey, pabo, Sp.; duck, itik;.
to qapaglingkod. pato, Sp.: geese, pansd, etc.—p.
PORTFORLIO, n. lukbutan; port- yard, mdnukan.
polyo, Eng. POUND, n, (weight) libra, Sp.;
PORTION, n. share, bahagL enclosure, kulungdn.
POSITION, n. lagdy, kaldgayan; POUR, v. isalin, ibuhos.
tayo, katdyuan; employment, POVERTY, n. katrukhadn; want,
tungkulin, empleo, Sp.; job, lack, kasalatdn; neediness, fca-
work, trabajo, Sp. dahupdn.
POSITIVE, adj. definite, certain, POWDER, n. pulbos, Sp.
tiydk; f a vo r a b 1 e , paayon, POWER, n. kapangyarihan,. abil-
(Gram.) lantdy. ity, kakayahdn; influence,
POSSESS, v. magtagldy; to own, ka.
mag-at t. POWERFUL, adj. makapangya-
POSSESSION, n. property, pag- rihan; mighty, malakds.
aarx; act of holding as one's PRACTICAL, adj. magdgawd;
own, pamumusesyon, Sp. sa gawd; useful, mapakikinabor-
POSSESSIVE, adj. mapang-arl; ngan; inclined to do rather than
(Gram.) paari. just plan, masikhdy.
POSSIBLE, adj. ' madarl—-p. to PRACTICE, v. to do repeated ex-
happen, madaring mangyari. ercises in, magsanay; train, *a-
POST, n. poste, Sp.; haligi, (used nayin.—n. exercise, pagsasanay;
as support) tukod; mail, koreo. application of a theory, pagsa-
—p. of duty, tungkulin. sagawd.
POSTAGE, n. halagd ng selyo. PRAISE, n. papurt.—v. purihin.
POSTAL, adj. pangkoreo, Sp. PRAISEWORTHY, adj. kapuri-
puri.
POSTERIOR, adj. hull, hulihdn,
PRAY, v. manalangin, dumala-
panghuli.
ngin; magdasdl, Sp.
POSTERITY, n. angkdng-mnod. PRAYER, n. dalangin; dasdl, Sp.
POSTMARK, n, tatdk-koreo, Sp. PREACH, v. mangaral.
POSTMASTER, n. posmaster, PREACHER, n. rndngangardl, ta-
Eng. gapangaraL
POSTPONE, v. ipagpaUban; PREAMBLE, n. punvng-sabi; pd-
ipagpaibdng-araw. undng-salitd.
POSTSCRIPT, n. habol, pahabol; PRECARIOUS, adj. waldng-kati-
addition, dagddg. yakdn.
POT, n. (earthen) palayok; (met- PRECAUTION, n. care, pag-
allic) kaldero, Sp.; (for flower- iingat; caution, pangangalaga.
ing plants) masetera, Sp; pa- P R E C E D E , v. manguna.
PRECEPT, n. pdtuntunan.
POTATO, n. patatas, Sp. PRECIOUS, adj. of value, maha-
 Precipice 84 Print
lagd; cherished, tangi, itinata- current, kasalukuyan; (Gram.>
ngl. pangkasalukuyan.—n. gift, bi-
P R E C I P I C E , n. tangwd; labing. gdy; regalo, Sp.; alaala.
P R E C I S I O N , n. definiteness, fca- P R E S E N T I M E N T , n. kutob; sa-
tiyakdn. gimsim.
P R E D E C E S S O R , n. ang hinalin- P R E S E R V E , v. to keep from inju-
hdn, ang sinunddn. ry or destruction, pangalagaan,
P R E D I C A M E N T , n. masamdng ingatan; protect, ipagsangga-
Idng; treasure, pagyanianin.—
kaldgayan.
n. imbdk, inimbdk.
P R E D I C A T E , n (Gram.) panag- P R E S I D E , v. mangulo.
uri; panabi. P R E S I D E N T , n. pangulo; presi-
P R E D I C T , v. to foretell, manghu- dente, Sp.
la, hulaan, P R E S S , v. to bear down upon,
P R E D O M I N A N T , adj. superior idiin. diindn; squeeze, pisilin,
in strength, nakapandnaig; (in pisain; smooth out by ironing,
number) nakardrami; (in au- pldnsahin. Sp.
thority) ndkapangingibabaw. P R E S T I G E , n. kabantugan.
P R E F A C E , n. punong-salitd. P R E S U M E , v. to suppose to be
P R E F E R A B L E , adj. lalong ka- true without proof, akalain, sa-
nais-nais, pantahain; venture; pangaha-
P R E F I X , n. (Gram.) unlapt. sdn.
P R E G N A N T , adj. buntis, nagdd- P R E T E N D , v. magkunwd, mag-
daldng tao. kunwari.
P R E J U D I C E , a d j . bias, hilig, ki- P R E T T Y , adj. good-looking, ma-
ting. gandd; fine, mainam'.
P R E L U D E , n. pambungad, pasi- P R E V A I L , v. to triumph, magta-
muld. gumpdy; become widespread,
P R E M A T U R E , adj. maaga; yap- mangalat.
saw. P R E V E N T , v. hadlangdn, jrigi-
P R E M I S E S , n. bakuran; lupain. lan; sawatain.
P R E P A R A T I O N , n. paghahandd. P R E V E N T I O N , n. pagpigil; pag-
P R E P A R E , v. maghandd, ihandd. sawata.
P R E P A R E D , adj. handd, ndha- P R E V I O U S , adj. dati; una.
handd, nakahandd. PRICE, n. halagd.
PREPOSITION, n. (Gram.) P R I D E , n. kapurihdn; a high opin-
pang-ukol. ion of self, pagmamatads.
P R E R E Q U I S I T E , n.-adj. unang P R I E S T , n. pari, Sp.
kailangan. PRIMARY, adj. first, una; prin-
P R E S C R I B E , v. to order, iutos; cipal, punb; basic, bataydn;
l a y down as a rule of action, fundamental, panimuld, pdbata-
ipasundd, ibatds; order the use ydn.
of a remedy for sickness, irese- P R I N C E , n. prinsipe, Sp.
ta Sp. P R I N C I P A L , n. punb; basic sum
P R E S C R I P T I O N , n. (of a phy- of money, puhunan.
sician) reseta, Sp.; patimpld. P R I N C I P L E , n. simulain.
P R E S E N T , a d j . (here) ndriritd; PRINT, n. limbdg, tatdk.—v.
( t h e r e ) ndririydn, ndrorodn; maglimbdg, ilimbdg, limbagin*
Printer 85 Protrude
PRINTER, n. tagalimbdg, manli- PROMOTER, n. tagataguyod.
limbdg. P R O M P T , a d j . maagap; quick,
PRINTERY, n. pdlimbagan. maliksi.
PRISON, n. piitdn, bilangguan.— P R O N O U N , n. (Gram.) pangka-
s t a t e p., bilibid. lip.
P R I S O N E R , n. bilanggo. P R O N O U N C E , v. bumigkds, big-
PRIVATE, adj. panarili, pansa- kasin,
P R O N U N C I A T I O N , n. bigkds.
rili.
PROOF, n. patunay, patibay.
P R I V I L E G E , n. pribiUhiyo, Sp.; P R O P A G A T E , v. magpalaganav,
right, tanging karapatdn.
palaganapin.
PRIZE, n. gatimpala.
P R O P E R , a d j . a p p r o p r i a t e , ndra-
P R O B A B L E , a d j . madaring mag-
kdtotoo. rapat, marapat; suitable, bag ay.
P R O B L E M , n. (immediate) siili- — ( G r a m ) p . noun, pangnga-
ranfoi; (in general) s&liranin. lang pantangi.
PROCEED, v. magpatuloy, ipag- P R O P E R T Y , n. pag-aari, ariari-
patuloy. an.
P R O C E S S I O N , n. prtisisydn. Sp. PROPHET, n. propeta, Sp.;
P R O C L A I M , v. t o announce p u b - manghuhula.
licly, ihaydg, ilathala. P R O P O S E , v. t o suggest, imung-
kahl; p r e s e n t a s plan, panuka-
PROCLAMATION, n. pamaha-
lain, ipanukala.
yag. P R O P O S A L , n. suggestion, mung-
PROCURE, v. kumuha, kunin. kahi, plan, panukald.
P R O F E S S O R , n. propesdr, Sp.; P R O P O S I T I O N , n. subject, t h e m e ,
guro. paksd; subject in a r g u m e n t a -
P R O F I T , n. tubd; benefit, pakina- tion, suliranin.
bang. P R O P R I E T O R , n. may-art.
P R O P R I E T Y , n. suitability, ka-
PROFITEER, n. manghuhuthdt. bagaydn; correctness, kawastu-
PROGRAM, n. paldtuntunan. dn.
P R O G R E S S , n. kaunlaran. P R O S E , n . - a d j . (Lit.) tfiluyan.
PROGRESSIVE, adj. maunldd. P R O S E C U T O R , n. tagausig.
P R O G R E S S I V E N E S S , n. kaunla- P R O S P E C T , n. anticipation, pag-
rdn; pagka-maunldd. asdm; expectation, pag-asa.
P R O M I N E N T , a d j . distinguished, P R O S P E R , v. t o flourish, luma-
tanydg, litdw; conspicuous, ki- go, yumabong; progress, umun-
ta, halatd. Idd.
PROLONG, v. pahabain, (in PROSPERITY, n. kariwasadn;
time) patagaldn. kasaganaan.
P R O H I B I T , v. ipagbawal. PROTECT, v. ipagsanggaldng.
P R O M I S E , n. pangako. — v. ma- P R O T E S T , v. tumutol, tutulan.
ngakb. P R O T E S T A N T , n.-adj. protestan-
P R O M O T E , v. to help t h e g r o w t h , te, S p . ; maytutol, mayprotesta,
success, etc., itaguyod, magta- Sp.
guyod; advance in position, (ta- P R O T R U D E , v. to stick o u t ,
ds, pataasin; (at school) ipasd, umusli.
papasahin, Sp.
Proud 86 Purchasable
PROUD, adj. .haughty, mapagma- palimbdg; periodical, pdhaya-
tads; arrogant, mayabang, ham- gdn.
bog; conceited, makaako. PUBLISH, v. ilathala, ipalathald,
PROVE, v. magpatunay, patuna- maglathala.
yari; to convince of the truth of, PUDDING, n. puding, Eng.
patotohanan, magpatotoo; make PUDDLE, n. sanaw.
a trial of, tikmdn. PUERILE, adj. parang batd; pa-
PROVIDE, v. paghandadn; to hat,
supply, bigydn; stipulate, itak- P U F F , n. pa.nt, hingal; short,
dd, itadhana. sudden discharge of air, steam,
PROVIDENCE, n. awa't tulong etc., sirit, singdw; bugd.
ng Maykapdl; kalooban ng Di- PUG, adj. as in p. nose, sardt,
yos; talagd ng Diyds. dapd, sungadngdd.
PROVINCE, n. lalawigan; pro- PULL, n. hila, batak.—v. hilahin,
binsiyd, Sp. humila; batakiny bumatak.
PROVINCIAL, adj. of, for a prov- PULLET, n. dumalaga (dumala-
ince, panlalawigan; from a, ta- gang manok).
ga-lalawigan, probinsiyano, Sp. PULLEY, n. kalo.
PROVISIONAL, adj. pansaman- PULP, n. kalamndn.
taldi PULPIT, n. pulpito, Sp.; sermu-
PROVOCATIVE, adj. serving to nant Sp.
cause anger, nakagdgalit, ka- PULSATE, v. to throb, tumibok;
galit-galit. quiver, mangatdL
PROVOKE, v. to arouse, pukawin; PULSE n. pulso, Sp.; tibdk.
stir up, bulyawdn; bring about, PULVERIZE, v. pulbusin, Sp.;
ibunsod; cause to be angry, ga- durugin.
litin. PUMP, n. bombaf Sp.
PROVOST, n. chief, puno. PUMPKIN, n. kalabasa, Sp.
PUNCH, n. a blow with the fist,
PROW, n. proa, Sp.; unahdn, ulo. sumbi, suntok; a tool for perfo-
PRUDENT, adj. may-bait. rating, pambutas, pamutas.
P R U N E , v. to cut off (as branch- PUNCTILIOUS, adj. maselang.
es, twigs, etc.) putulan, pulakin. PUNCTUAL, adj. maagap.
PSEUDONYM, n. sagisag; pa- PUNCTUATION, n. bantds.
nagisag. PUNISH, v. parusahan; papagdu-
PUBERTY, n. (for boys) pagbi- sahin.
binatd; (for girls) pagdadala- PUNISHMENT, n. parusa.
gd. PUNY, adj. stunted, puril; weak,
PUBLIC, adj. having to do with mahind.
the people as a whole, pangmad- PUP, n. a puppy, tutd, bilot.
la; open or common to all, pan- PUPIL, n. (at school) nag-daral;
lahdt; generally known, haydg, (of the eye) balintatao, balinta-
kaldt; (Govt.) having to do tdw.
with activities for the people, PUPPET, n. person who does
pambayan. blindly what another wishes
PUBLICATION, n. act of pub- done, ulddg.
lishing, paglalathald; a thing PURCHASABLE, adj. mabibil*;
published, lathald, palathala; mdbibili.
Purchase 87 Quartermaster
P U R C H A S E , v. bumili, bilhin. P U R S E , n. jritaka, Sp.
PURCHASER, n. mdmimili; as- P U R S U E , v. to chase, pagatin;
signed buyer, tagapamili. run after, habulin, hagarin;
P U R E , adj. dalisay, wagds. follow with an end in view ( a s ,
PURELY, adv. pandy; pulos. p. a course) itaguyod, mag tagu-
PURGATIVE, adj.-n. purgd, pa- yod.
murgdy Sp. P U S , n. nana.
P U S H . v. itulak.
PURGATORY, n. purgatoryo, Sp. P U S S Y , ni. pusa.
PURGE, v. to cleanse, linisin; pu- P U T , v. Hagay, maglagdy; (into
rify, dalisayin; cleanse or clear a small container) isilid, mag-
the bowels by means o f medi- silid.
cine, magpurgd; purgahin. P U T R I D , adj. bulok; (fish) hal-
P U R I F Y , v. dalisayin, magdali- pokf haMpok, bilasd.
say. P U T T Y , n. masilyat Sp.
PURIST, n. maka-dahsay. PUZZLE, n. riddle, bugtong;
PURITY, n. kadalisayan. problem for testing mental clev-
P U R P L E , n. murado, Sp.; kulay- erness, p a l d i s i p d n . - - -, to per-
ubi. plex, papagkuruin, papag-isipin;
P U R P O S E , n. end in view, tungu- bewilder , lingmingin, tuliruhin ;
hin. puntahin: intention, ha- confuse, guluhin, ligaligin.
ngdd, hdngarin; tangkd; panu- PYGMY, n. unano, Sp.
kald; object, lay on; pakay. P Y J A M A S , n. padyamas , Eng.
PURPOSELY, adv. sinadyd; ti- P Y R A M I D , n. tagilo.
nikis. P Y R E , n. sigd; sildb.

0
QUADRILATERAL, adj. dpa- Q U A L I T Y , n. excellence, kagdli-
tang gilid. ngan; kind, uri.
Q U A F F , v. tunggain, tumungga. Q U A N T I T Y , n. daml
QUAGMIRE, n. kuminoy; him- Q U A R A N T I N E , n. kuwarentenas,
bdk. Sp.; walayo, nc.
QUAIL, n. small game bird, pugo. Q U A R R E L , n. awayt; disagree-
—v. to lose spirit and power of ment, pagkakasird; alteration,
resistance, manghilakbdt; lose basag-ulo; petty fight, banga-
heart, mawaldn ng loob; shrink ydn.
as from fear, mahintakutan. Q U A R R E L S O M E , adj . paldaway.
QUAKE, v. to quiver, mangatog; Q U A R R Y , n. open digging (for
shudder, mangatdl; tremble, building stone, etc.) tibagan.
manginig. Q U A R T E R , n.-adj. a fourth part,
QUALIFICATION, n. katdngian; sangkapat, ikaapai na bahagi.
fitness, pagka-marapat; pagka- Q U A R T E R L Y , n.-adj. tatluhang-
bagay.
QUALIFIED, adj. fitted, karapat- QUARTERMASTER, n. tagatus-
dapat, marapat; bagay. tos, pdnustusan.
 Queen 88 Raiment
Q U E E N , n. reyna, Sp. Q U I E T N E S S , Q U I E T U D E , n. fca-
Q U E E N L Y , adj. malareyna, Sp. tahimikan.
Q U E E R , adj. kakaibd; odd, ka- QUILL, n. feather, pakpdh.
kattvd. Q U I N I N E , n. kinina, Sp.; cincho-
Q U E L L , v. supilin; sugpuin. na, ditd.
Q U E N C H , v. to put out ( a s fire), Q U I N S Y , n. (Med.) anghitoa, Sp.
patayin.—to q. the thirst, pati-
Q U I N T E S S E N C E , n. kdkangga-
rin ang uhaw.
Q U E R U L O U S , adj. maddingin; td; kauburan,
takaw-usap. QUIRE, n. a measure of 24 sheets
Q U E R Y , n. tanong; inquiry, usi- of p a p e r , sangmano ( S p . mano).
sd. QUIT, v. to cease, tumigil; stop
Q U E S T , n. pakay; pithaya. going to school, umawds.
Q U E S T I O N , n. tandng, (act of) QUITE, adv. completely, gandp,
pagtatanong. wholly, bud; really, tunay.—It's
Q U E S T I O N N A I R E , n. paldtanu- q. t r u e , tunay ngd; totod ngd.
ngan. QUIVER, v. to tremble, mangi-
Q U I C K , a d j . madali; maliksi.
nig.
QUICKLY, adv. in a quick man-
n e r , mddalian; a t once, agdd; QUIZ, n. pagsubok; examination,
hastily, daglian. iksamen, Sp.
QUICKSILVER, n. asoge, Sp. QUIZZICAL, adj. bantering, pabi-
Q U I C K S A N D , n. kuminoy. ro; teasing, patukso; patudyo.
Q U I E S C E N T , adj. motionless, wa- QUOTATION, n. ( G r a m . ) q.
Idng-galdw, waldng-kilos. marks, panipt; words repeated,
Q U I E T , adj. tahimik; free from sipl, sinipu
noise, waldng-ingay; free from QUOTE, v. to repeat a passage,
disturbance, waldng-gulo. ulitin; sipiin.

H
R A B B I T n. kuneho, S p . RADIUM, n. radyum, Lat.
R A B I D , adj. mapusok; extremely R A F F L E , n. ripay Sp.
violent, mabugasok, RAFT, n. balsa, Sp.; lamb.
R A C E , n. contest in speed, pdtu- RAFTER, n. tahilan.
lindn; (in running) takbuhan; RAG, n. basahan.
unahdn, Sp.; a division of man- RAGE, n. uncontrolled anger, pag-
kind, lahu iinit; pagkagalit, galit.
RACK, n. a framework for hold- R A I D , 11. pa'gsalakay.—v. sumala-
ing articles, bastagan. kayf manalakay.
RAIL, n. railroad track, riles, Sp.;
R A C K E T , n. a confused noise. daang-bakdl.
linggdl; (for tennis) raketa, Sp.
RAILING, n. barandilya, Sp.
R A D I A N C E , n. ningning. RAILROAD, n. tren, perokaril, Sp.
R A D I A N T , adj. maningning. RAIMENT, n. damit; garments,
R A D I A T E J, v. magningning. pananamit; wearing apparel,
R A D I O , n . radyo, Lat kasuutan.
Rain 89 Reach
RAIN, n. uldn.—v. umuldn. RAPINE, n. pandaragit, panga-
RAINBOW, n. bahaghari, bala- ngagaw.
ng&w. RAPTURE, n. malabis na pagka-
RAINCOAT, n. kapote, Sp.; pang- lugod.
uldn; kalapydw. RARE, adj. unusual, di-pangkara-
RAINY, adj. maul&n. niwan; scarce, bihira.
RAISE, v. to lift from the ground, RASCAL, n.-adj. scoundrel, tam-
buhatin; to cause to be in a palasan.
higher position, itads; construct, RASH, adj. p'adalus-dalos; pabig-
magtayo, itayo; grow, magta- Id-bigld.
nim. RASP, v. to scrape, kayurin.
RAISIN, n. pasas, Sp. RAT, n. dagd,
RAJAH, n. rahdy Hnd. RATE, n. amount, halagd; num-
RAKE, n. kalaykdy. ber, bilang; condition, lagdy;
RALLY,, v. magpamuling-sigld.— speed, bills, tulin.
n. pagmumuling-sigld. RATIFY, v. pagtibayin, magpati-
RAMBLE, v. magpagala- -gala, bay.
magpalibut-libot. — n. pagpapa- RATING, n. kaurian.
gald-gala, pagpapalibtlt-libot. RATIO, n. katumbasdn.
RAMIFY, v. magsangd; magsa- RATION, n. rasydn, Sp.; fixed
ngd-sangd. share, takddng kabahagi.
RAMPANT, adj. unrestrained, RATIONAL, adj. may-talino; per-
waldng-pigil. taining to reason, pangkatwi-
RANCID, adj. maantd. ran; in accord with reason,
RANCOR, n. grudge, pagtatanim; may-katwiran, makatwiran.
resentment, samd ng lodb. RATIONALIZE, v. isakatwiran.
RANDOM, adj. pasumald. RATTAN, n. yantdk, uwdy; pala-
RANGE, n. row, hanay; line of san.
direction, dako, bandd; scope, RATTLE, n. kalantSg.
sakldw, reach, abdt. RAVAGE, v. to lay waste, mamuk-
RANK, n. row, hanay; orderly sd.
formation, ayos, kaayusan; high RAVE, v. to utter wildly, magnga-
station, tads, kataasdn; tayog, ngawd.
katayugan. RAVENOUS, adj. furiously hun-
RANSOM, n. tubds.—v. tubusin. gry, dayukddk; extremely gree-
RAP, v. to knock, tumuktokj ku- dy, ndpakasibd.
matdk.—n. tuktok. RAVINE, n. talabis.
RAPACIOUS, adj. given to plun- RAW, adj. uncooked, hildw; un-
der, mapandambong; greedy, skinned, bakbdk ang baldt; no-
matakawy masiba; grasping, vice, baguhan; painful, mahap-
mapangamkdm, dt.
RAPE, v. manggahasd, manda- RAY, n. sinag.
hds.—n. panggagahasd, panda- RAZOR, n. pang-ahit; labaha, la-
rahds. basa, Sp.
RAPID, adj. very swift, matulin; REACH, v. to touch or grasp with
mabilis; done quickly, madali, the extended hand, abutin; ar-
maliksi. rive at, come to, sumapit, ma-
React 90 Recognition
karattng; extend as far as, ma- REBEL, n. manghihimaksik.—v.
kaabdt, makasapit. manghimagsik.
REACT, v. tumauli., REBELLION, n. panghihimagsik.
REACTION, n. tauli, pagtaulx, REBELLIOUS, adj. mapanghi-
pagtatauli. •magsik.
READ, v. bumasa, bosahin; mag- REBOUND, v. tumalbog.
basd. REBUKE, n. sisi; chiding, suwdt.
READABLE, adj. mabdbasa, na- —v. sisihin; to chide, suwatdn.
bdbasa. REBUTTAL, n. pagsalansang.
READILY, adv. agdd, kaagdd; RECALL, v. to summon back, pa-
karakdraka. balikiny pauwiin; remember,
READER, n. one who reads, mam- mdalaala, mdgunitd; take back,
babasa; a reading book, akldt bawiin.
na babasahin. RECEDE, v. umurong.
READY, adj. handd; prompt, mc- RECEIPT, n. written acknowl-
agap. edgment of something received,
READY-MADE, adj. yari na. resibo, Sp.; act of receiving,
REAGENT, n. pantauli. pag tang gap.
REAL, adj. tunay; true, totoo. RECEIVE, v. tumanggdp, tang-
REALITY, n. katunayan; truth, gapin.
katotohanan. RECENT, adj. new, bago; mod-
REALIZATION, n. act of feeling ern, makabago; fresh, sariwd;
fully -and vividly, pagkatanto. only today, ngdngayon.
RECEPTACLE, n. sisidldn; lalag-
REALIZE, v. to accomplish, go- ydn.
win; feel fully and vividly, ma-
pagtanto. RECEPTION, n. acceptance, pag-
' tanggap; social occasion for
REALLY, adv. tunay ngd, totoo greeting guests, resepsiyon, Sp.
ngd.—It's really true. Talagd
ngang totoo. RECESS, n. intermission between
REAM, n. resma, Sp. work, pokingd; (at school), ri-
ses, Eng.
REAP, v. to harvest, mag-ani, ani- RECITATION, n. rendering of
hin; cut down (as with a scythe, something committed to memo-
etc.); gapasin, gumapus; re- ry, pagbigkds; the repeating of
ceive as a reward, matamo. a lesson to a teacher, ulit-aral,
REAR, n. back, likurdn, likod; nc.
hinder part, hulihdn, huli.—adj. RECITE, v. to repeat aloud from
. pertaining to the back part, pan- memory, bigkosin; repeat a les-
likurdn, panghulihdn.—v. bring son to a teacher, ulit-sabihin.
up, magpalaki, palakihin. n c ; ulit-aralin.
REASON, n. faculty of reasoning, RECKLESS, adj. heedless of con-
katwiran; common sense, bait; sequences, waldng-taros; care-
the cause for an opinion or act, less, waldng-ingat; thoughtless,
dahildn, sanhi. waldng-bahala.
REASONABLE, adj. may-katwi- RECLINE, v. humilig, svmanddl;
ran; just, makatarungan; sen- to lie down, humigd.
sible, mabait. RECOGNITION, n. pagkilala.
Recognize 91 Reflect
RECOGNIZE, v. mdkilala, kilala- RECUR, v. to come back, bumalik,
nin (kilanlin). magbalik; happen again, umulit.
RECOLLECT, v. mdgunitd, mda- RECURRENT, adj. pabalik-balik;
laala. paulit-ulit.
RECOMMEND, v. to offer to the RED, n. puld.—adj. mapuld.
favor, attention, or use of an- REDDEN, v. to make red, papula-
other, ipagtagubilin; advise, hin; become red, blush, mamuld.
ipayo; suggest, imungkahi. REDDISH, adj. mapuld-pula.
RECOMMENDATION, n. tagubi-
tin; advice, payo; suggestion, REDEEM, v. tubusin.
mungkahi. REDEEMER, n. rhdnunubos.
RECOMPENSE, n. ganti; re- REDEMPTION, n. kattibusan.
ward, gantirhpald; compensa- REDOLENT, adj. mahalimuyak;
tion, gantimpagal, bayad-pagdl. fragrant, mabango.
RECONCILE, v. to restore peace REDOUBLE, v. pag-ibayuhin.
or friendship between, papagkd- REDUCE, v. to lessen, bawasan.
sunduin, REDUCTION, n. bawas; (act of)
RECONCILIATION, n. pagkakd- pagbabawas,
sundo. REDUNDANT, adj. unnecessary
RECONSTRUCT, v. magmuling- to the sense, maligoy; too wordy,
tatag. madiward; kalabisdn.
RECONSTRUCTION, n. pagmu- REDUPLICATE, v. to make dou-
muling-tatag. ble, pagdalawahin; repeat, uli-
RECORD, n. tald; a register, ah- tin.
Idt-tdlaan; phonograph disk, REECHO, v. umalingawngdw,
plaka.—v. to set down or jot
down, itald. REED, n. tambo.
RECOURSE, n. an appeal for aid REEK, v. to send out disagree-
or protection, pagdulSg; a per- able odor, umalingasaw.
son to whom one turns for aid, REEL, v. to stagger or sway.
dulugan, takbuhan. sumuray-suray, gumiray-giray.
RECOVER, v. mabawl. REFER, v. to submit to another
RECOVERY, n. act of regaining, person or authority, ihardp; al-
pagkabawl; r e s t o r a t i o n to lude, banggitin; tukuyin.
health, paggating. REFEREE, n. tagahatol; rSperi,
RECREATION, n. pag-aaliw, pagr Eng.
lilibdng. R E F I N E , v. to make pure, dali-
RECRUIT, n. one who has just say in; clear from dross or
joined any cause, bagong-anib* worthless matter, pakinisin.
RECTIFY, v. to set right, iwastd. R E F I N E D , adj. without coarse-
RECTITUDE, n. uprightness, ka- ness, mabinl, makinis; cultivat-
wastudn; honesty, pagkamara- ed, nilindng.
ngdl. REFINEMENT, n. kabinihan, ka-
RECTUM, n. (Anat.) tumbdng. kinisan.
RECUPERATE, v. to r e g a i n REFLECT, v. to give or throw
health, lumakds; gumaling. back as light, manganinag; con-
Reflection 92 Rejoicing

sider carefully in the mind, di- REGIMENT, n. rehimyento, Sp.

lidilihin, bulaybulayin. REGION, n. lupain; district, pu-
R E F L E C T I O N , n. act of throw- rdk. (Expressed by ka...an or
ing back ( l i g h t ) , pangangani- ka... han with the name of a
nag pangingindng; attentive region as root-word, as, kabiku-
consideration, pagdidilidili, pag- lan, Bicol region; kailukuhan,
bubulaybulay. Ilocos region; katagalugan, Ta-
R E F L E X I V E , adj. (Gram.) pa- galog region; kamorohan, the
sarili. Moro region, etc.)
R E F O R M , n. change for the bet- REGISTER, n. (book) akldt-tdla-
ter, pagbabago; pagbuti; pag- an.
papabuti.—v. magbago, bagukin. REGISTRAR, n. tagatala.
R E F O R M A T I O N , n. pagbabago. REGISTRATION, n. pagtatald;
R E F O R M A T O R Y , n. pdwastuan; pagpapatald.
repormatoryo, Sp. REGRET, n. feeling of loss, pang-
REFORMED, adj. nagbago;'bina- hihinayang; mild remorse, pag-
sisisi; moral distress, panimdim.
go; nabago.
R E F R A I N , v. to hold oneself back, R E G R E T T A B L E , adj. nakapang-
magpigil, magtimpi. hihinayang; fit to cause sorrow,
nakaliilungk6tt nakal&lumbdy.
R E F R E S H , v. sari wain; to
strengthen, palakasin; enliven. REGULAR, adj. karaniwan, pang-
pasiglahin. karaniwan; permanent, pdnatili-
han.
R E F R E S H M E N T , n. (food, drink,
R E G U L A T E , v. isaayos; ialitun-
etc., which restores or revives)
tdn, nc.
p'ampalamig.
REGULATION, n. dlituntunin;
R E F R I G E R A T O R , n. pdlamigan. rule, tuntunin; law, batds.
R E F U G E , n. kanlungan, kublihan. R E H A B I L I T A T E , v. papanumba-
R E F U N D , v. isauli. likin.
R E F U S A L , n. pagtanggi; pag- R E H E A R S A L , n. tnsayo, Sp.; ex-
aydw. ercise, pagsasanay.
R E F U S E , v. tumanggi; umayaw. R E H E A R S E , v. mag-insayo, Sp.;
R E F U T A T I O N , n. pagpapasinu- to exercise, magsanay.
ngaling. REIGN, v. maghari; to prevail,
makapangyari, mangibabaw.
R E F U T E , v. magpasinungaling,
R E I N , n. riyenda, Sp.
pasinungalingan.
R E I N F O R C E , v. to give new
R E G A I N , v. mabawt. strength to, palakasin; support,
R E G A L , adj. makaharl. itaguyod, katigan.
R E G A R D , n. affection, paggiliw; R E I T E R A T E , v. ulit-ulitm.
respect, paggalang; esteem, pag- REJECT, v. to decline, tanggihdn.
tingin, patatangl.—v. to observe tumanggi.
closely, pagmasddn; heed, pansi- REJOICE, v. mag say d; matuwd;
nin; esteem, itangi. to gladden, pasayahin.
R E G A R D I N G , prep, concerning. REJOICING, n. say a; tuwd; ga-
tungkol sa; about, hinggil sa; lak.
with respect, to, tungod sa.
Rejoinder 93 Remonstrance

REJOINDER, n. pakli. R E L I S H , n. taste or preference,

R E J U V E N A T E , v. pabatairu pangnamndrrt; flavor, lasa, li-
R E L A P S E , n. the return of a dis- namndm.
ease after partial recovery, pag R E L U C T A N T , adi. indisposed,
kabinat, pagkabayndt. matamldy; disinclined, waldng-
RELATE, v. to narrate, magsa- gusto; urung-sulong, atubili.
laysdy, isalaysdy; to show a con- R E L Y , v. to trust, umasa, asahan;
nection between, iugndy. . manghawak; have confidence,
RELATION, n. act of narrating, magkdtiwala, pagkdtiwalaan.
pagsasalaysdy; connection, Jca- R E M A I N , v. to stay behind w h e n
ugnayan; a relative, kamag- others go, paiwan; be left, ma-
anak. iwan, mdtird; endure, magtagdl,
R E L A T I V E , adj. (Gram.) pa- manatili.
manggit. R E M A I N S , n. a dead body, bang-
RELAX, v. to make less tight or kdy; portion left, labi, mga nd-
firm, paluwagdn, luwagdn; re- labi.
lieve from stress, palubaydn;
R E M A I N D E R , n. what is left, nd-
cause one's body to be at ease,
tird; naiwan; surplus, labis.
magpaalwdn; rest, magpahingd,
R E M A R K , n. act of noticing, pan-
RELAXATION, n. act of resting, sin, puna; observation, pagma-
pagpapahingd; of loosening, masid.—v. to take note of, pan-
pagpapaluwdg; of easing bodily sinin, punahin; observe, pag-
tension, pagpapaalwdn; of re- masddn.
moving strain, pagpapalubdy.
R E M A R K A B L E , adj. noteworthy,
R E L E A S E , n. act of setting free, kapansin-pansin; unusual, di-
pagpapalaya; deliverance, pag- pangkaraniwan.
laya.—v. magpalaya, palayain. R E M E D Y , n. lunas; a helpful m e -
RELENT, v. maglubag ang lodb; dicine, kagdmutan, gamot; re-
to yield, maghunusdili. medyo, Sp.
RELIABLE, adj. madasahan; ma- R E M E M B E R , v. mdalaala; to
pagkakdtiwalaan, think of anew, gunitain; keep
RELIANCE, n. pag-asa; tiwala, in mind carefully, tandadn.
pagtitiwald; pagkakdtiwald.
R E M E M B R A N C E , n. alaala; re-
RELIC, n. relikya, Sp. collection, gunitd.
RELIEF, n. ginhawa; help given
R E M I N D , v. magpaalaala, ipaala-
in time of danger or difficulty,
ala.
paginhawa, tulong, abuloy.
RELIEVE, v. magpaginhawa, pa- R E M I N I S C E N C E , n, gunitd.
ginhawahin, R E M I T , v. magpadald, ipadald.
RELIGION, n. relihiyon, Sp. R E M N A N T , n. labi; surplus, la-
RELIGIOUS, adj. relihiyoso, Sp.; bis; what is left, tird; ndtird;
pious, banal; pertaining to reli- sobra, S p . ; short length of f a -
gion, panrelihiydn, Sp. bric left, retaso, Sp.
RELINQUISH, v. to retire from, R E M O D E L , v. baguhin, magbago.
tumiwaldg; give up using or R E M O N S T R A N C E , n. tutol; Sa-
having, talikddn. lansdna.
Remonstrate 94 Reprint

R E M O N S T R A T E , v. tumutol: su- R E P A S T , n. pagkain.

malansang. R E P A Y , v. pagbayaran.
R E M O R S E , n. keen reproach of R E P E A L , v. iurong; to annul, pa-
oneself, pagdadaldng-sisi. tvaldng-bisd.
R E M O T E , adj. malayo. R E P E A T , v. ulitin; to do again,
R E M O V A B L E , adj. nadalis; nd- umulit.
ipagpdpalipat-lipat; ndililipat. R E P E A T E D L Y , adv. paulit-uliL
R E M O V A L , n. paglilipat; dismis- R E P E N T , v. magsisi, pagsisilian.
sal, ( a s from office) pagtitiwa- R E P E N T A N C E , n. pagsisisi.
Idg. R E P E N T A N T , adj. nagsisisi
R E M O V E , v. to take out of the R E P E R C U S S I O N , n. reverbera-
way, alisin, talis; transfer from tion, alingawngdw.
one place to another, lumipat R E P E T I T I O N , n. pag-ulit, pagu-
maglipat, ilipat; (r. from of- ulit.
fice), itiwaldg. R E P L A C E , v. to put back in place,
R E M U N E R A T E , v. to pay (some- isauli; take or fill the place of,
o n e ) , bayaran; compensate, gv- palitdn, halinhdn.
manti, gantihin; gantihdn. REPLY, n. tug on.—v. tumugdn.
REMUNERATION, n. bayad; REPORT, n. ulat.—v. magbigdy-
compensation, gantimpagdl. ulat.
R E N A I S S A N C E , n. bagong pag- REPORTER, n. tagapagbalitd; re-
silang; muling pagsilang. porter, Eng.
R E N D E Z V O U S , n. pooh na tag- R E P O S E , n. act of resting, pag-
puan; tipanan. papahingd.
R E N E W , v. magpanibago. R E P O S E F U L , adj. restful, magin-
R E N E W A L , n. pagpapanibago. hawa.
R E N O U N C E , v. to disown, itak- R E P R E S E N T , v. to portray, ila-
wxl; give up, talikddn, tumali- rawan, maglarawan; stand for,
kod; cast off, iwaksi. kumatawdnt katawanin.
R E N O W N , n. kabunyidn; fame, R E P R E S E N T A T I O N , n. portra-
kabantugdn. yal, paglalarawan; act of stand-
R E N O W N E D , a d j . bunyi, mabun- ing for, pagkatawdn.
yi; famous, bantdg, balitd. R E P R E S E N T A T I V E , n. kinata-
wdn.
R E N T , n. upa, bayad.—v. to lease,
R E P R E S S , v. to keep under con-
umupa; hire, mangupahan.
trol, magpigil, pigilin; subdue,
R E N U N C I A T I O N , n. act of di*- sumupil, supilin.
owning 1 , pagtatakwil; act of giv- R E P R E S S I O N , n. act of keeping
i n g up, pagtalikod. under control, pagpipigil; act of
R E O R G A N I Z A T I O N , n. pagmu- subduing, pagsupil.
muling-ayos; pagbabaguntatdg. R E P R E H E N S I B L E , adj. kasisisi-
REORGANIZE, v. magmuling- si; masisisi.
ayos; magbaguntatdg. R E P R I E V E , n. palugit.
R E P A I R , v. to mend, magkumpu- R E P R I M A N D , v. pangusapan; su-
ni, kumpunihin, Sp.—n. pagku- watdn.
kumpuni. R E P R I N T , n. muling-limbdgt mu-
Reprisal 95 Resign

ling-paglilimbdg. — v. limbagin R E Q U I R E M E N T , n. demand, hi-

ulL ngi, hiling; need, pangangaila-
REPRISAL, n. higanti. ngan. (pi.) conditions, mga ka-
REPROACH, n. rebuke, sisi.—v. ilangan, mga kdilanganin.
sisihin. R E Q U I S I T E , n. kindkailangan. - -
REPROACHFUL, adj. mdpanisi; adj. kailangan.
R E Q U I S I T I O N , n. hingi, hiling.
naninisi.
— v . humingi, humiling.
REPROBATE, n. sinful person,
R E S C R I P T , n. kautusdn.
makasalanan; perfidious person, R E S C U E , v. sagipin; to save, ilig-
sukdb, palamara; cunning per- tdsy magligt&s; liberate, set
son, kuhild. free, palayain, magpalaya,
REPRODUCE, v. to repeat, ulitin; R E S E A R C H , n. saliksik, panana-
bear, mangandk; umandk; yield, liksik.—v. magsaliksik, mana-
magbunga, bumunga; bring liksik.
forth, magsupang, sumupang; R E S E M B L A N C E , n. pagkd-kar
copy, tularan. wangis.
REPROOF, n. pananalampdk; R E S E M B L E , v. magkdtulad; mag-
pagsuwdt. kdwangis.
REPTILE, n. ahas. R E S E N T , v. ikagalit; ipagdam-
REPUBLIC, n. republikd, Sp. ddm.
R E P U D I A T E , v. itakwil, magtak- R E S E N T F U L , a d j . nagdgalit.
wil; to refuse to admit, itatwd, R E S E N T M E N T , n. galit.
magtatwd. R E S E R V A T I O N , n. a h o l d i n g
R E P U G N A N C E , n. pagkasukldm. back, pagtitimpi; a keeping back
R E P U G N A N T , adj. nakasHsuk- of a right or interest, pagtata-
lam. dn, paglaladn.
R E S E R V E , v. to set aside for fu-
R E P U L S E , v. to drive back, pa-
ture use, itadn, iladn.
balikin, mapabalik; mapaurong;
R E S E R V E D , adj. showing little
beat off, mditaboy, mdiaboy; feeling, rnatimpi, matimpiin;
iwaksi, mdiwaksi. kept back for future use, naka-
REPULSION, n. a feeling of tadn.
aversion, pahgangani, pagkari- RESERVOIR, n. (of water) tu-
marim. bigan; imbakang-tubig.
R E P U L S I V E , adj. nakdkangani, R E S I D E , v. tumird; manird, ma-
nangdngani, kangani-ngani. nirahan.
R E P U T A T I O N , n. good name, R E S I D E N C E , n. tinitirahdn, ki-
mabuting pangalan; honor, da- natitirahdn; state of living in a
ngdl; puri, kapurihdn. place, paninirahan.
R E P U T E D , adj. considered as be- R E S I D E N T , n. ang nakatird; ang
ing, ipinaldlagdy. naninirahan.
R E Q U E S T , n. pakiusap, paman- R E S I D E N T I A L , adj. pdmbaha-
hik.—v. makiusap, mamanhik. ydn, pantdhanan.
REQUIEM, n. Rekyim, Lat. R E S I D U E , n. ang ndtird; latak.
REQUIRE, v. to demand or insist R E S I G N , v. to withdraw from a
upon, hingin, hilingin; have need position or office, magbitiw; tu-
of, mangailangan, kailanganin. miwaldg.
Resignation 96 Resume
R E S I G N A T I O N , n. withdrawal RESPIRATION, n. paghingd; hi-
from a position, pagbibitiw; ngd; breath, hiningd.
pagtiwaldg. R E S P I R E , v. to breathe, humingd.
R E S I G N E D , adj. yielding, waldng- R E S P I T E , n. sandaling ginhawa;
tutol. reprieve, palugit.
R E S I S T , v. to oppose, s t r i v e R E S P L E N D E N C E , n. luningning.
against, lumaban; refuse to obey R E S P L E N D E N T , adj. maluning-
or agree, tumutol, di-sumunod.
ning.
R E S I S T A N C E , n. paglaban; pag- R E S P O N D , v. tumugon; to an-
tutoL
swer, sumagot.
R E S O L U T I O N , n pasiyd, kapa-
R E S P O N D E N T , n. katugdn.
siyahdn.
R E S P O N S E , n. tugon; sagot.
R E S O L V E , v. to decide, magpa-
svyd, ipasiyd, RESPONSIBILITY, n. kapandgu-
tan; sdgutin.
R E S O N A N C E , n. taginting.
R E S P O N S I B L E , adj. may-kapa-
R E S O N A N T , adj. mataginting.
ndgutan; nandnagot.
R E S O R T , n. a place much visitea, R E S P O N S I V E , adj. inclined, ma-
ddyuhan; that to which, or per-
hilig.
son to whom, one applies for aid,
dulugan, takbuhan.—v. to a p p l y REST, n. repose, pahingd; (act of)
f o r assistance, dumulog, dulu- pagpapahingd, pam'amahingd;
gan, the others, ang ibd pa.
R E S O U N D , v. umalingawngdw. R E S T A U R A N T , n. restaurdn, Fr.;
R E S O U R C E , n. that on which one (native) kdrihan.
depends for supply, kukundn; R E S T F U L , adj. maginhawa.
an expedience, paradn; knowl- RESTITUTION, n. pagsasaulL
edge of what to do in an emer- R E S T I V E , adj. fidgety, di-mdpala-
gency or difficulty, kapamara- gdy.
andn; (pi.) means usable or R E S T L E S S , adj. without repose,
convertible into money, mapa- waldng-pahingd; unsettled, di-
ngingilakan; mapagkukunan. mdpakali, di-matali.
R E S O U R C E F U L , adj. mapama- RESTORATION, n. pagpapanag-
radn. uli.
R E S P E C T , n. paggalang, pamimi- RESTORATIVE, adj. pambawi;
tagan.—v. gumalang, igalang;
pampasauli.
magpitagan, mamitagan, pami-
taganan. R E S T O R E , v. papanag-uliin, iba-
R E S P E C T A B I L I T Y , n. pagka-ki- lik, isauli.
nadalang-alanganan. R E S T R A I N , v. magpigil, pigilin.
R E S P E C T A B L E , adj. kaalang- R E S T R A I N T , n., pagpipigil.
alang; kinadlang-alanganan. R E S T R I C T , v. maghigpit, paghig-
R E S P E C T F U L , adj. magalang, pitdn.
mapitagan. RESULT, n. consequence, kind-
R E S P E C T I V E , adj. kani-kaniijd; hang gandn, ang pinangyarihan ;
ukul-ukol. effect, kdlalabsdn; kindlabsdn.
R E S U M E , v. magpasimuld uli; to
Resurrect 97 Revive
take up again after interrup- again, bumalik; restore, isauli,
tion, ipagpatuloy, magpatuloy, magsauli.—n. act of coming
ituloy. back, pagbabalik; restoration,
RESURRECT, v. to become risen pagsasauli.
from the dead, muling mabu- REUNION, n. muling pagtitipon.
hay; raise from the dead, mu- REVEAL, v. to make known, iha-
ling buhayin. ydg.
RESURRECTION, n. muling pag- REVEL, n. pagkakalinggdt.—v.
kabuhay. magkalinggdL
RETAIL, n. tingi, tingian; pagti- REVELATION, n. paghahaydg.
tingi.—v. mag tingi, ipag tingian. REVENGE, n. higanti.—v. to
RETAIN, v. to hold, taglayin; avenge, maghiganti, ivaghigan-
keep in possession, papanatili- ti.
hin. REVENGEFUL, adj. mapaghi-
RETALIATE, v. gumanti. ganti.
RETALIATION, n. ganti, pag- REVENUE, n. income from any
ganti. property, kita; tax, buwis.
RETARD, v. to cause to move REVERBERATE, v. umalingaw-
slowly, parahanin; delay, bala- ngdw.
min; cause to take a longer REVERE, v. pagpitaganan.
time, tagaldn, patagaldn. REVERENCE, n. pagpipitagan.
RETARDATION, n. ( S e e R E - REVEREND, adj. kapitd-pitagan.
TARD) pagpaparahan; pagba- REVERENT, adj. mapitagan.
lam; pagpapatagdl. REVERIE, n. guna.mgunam.
RETIRE, v. umurong; iurong; to REVERSAL, n. pagtutumbalik.
go to bed, matulog. pagpapatumbalik.
RETIRED, adj. having driven un REVERSE, n. ang kabaligtardn;
business or active life, tigil na; the back, likod; the other side,
pahingd na. kabild.
RETIRING, adj. mabinx; giving- REVERSED, adj. baligtdd.
nn a post, umdalis, paalis. REVERSIBLE, adj. bdligtarln;
RETORT, n. pakli. nabdbaligtdd.
RETRACT, v. umurong, wrong; REVERY, n. See REVERIE.
to withdraw something said or REVIEW, n. repaso, Sp.; pagba-
written, tumalikwds, talikwa- balik-aral, nc.—.v. 'magrepaso,
sdn. repasuhin,. Sp.; magbalik-aral,
RETRACTION, n. pag-urong: pag balik-aralan.
pagtalikivds. REVILE, v. to vilify, laitin, inan-
RETREAT, v. umurong. lait; treat with abuse, upasa-
RETRIBUTION, n. ganti. . lain, mang-upasald.
RETRIEVE, v. mabaivi. REVISE, v. to change and cor-
RETROGRADE, adj. paurong,— rect, iwasto; improve, pagbuti-
v. to go from better to worse, hin.
sumamd. REVISION, n. pagwawasto.
RETROSPECT, n. salamisim. REVIVAL, n. pagbabagong-buhay,
RETURN, v. to come or go back, muling pagkabuhay.
maabalik; begin or appear REVIVE, v. to come back to life,
 Revocation 98 Risk

muling mabuhay, muling buha- RICH, adj. mayaman*

yin. RIDDLE, n. bugtong; puzzle, pa-
R E V O C A T I O N , n. pagpapawa- Idisipdn.
lang-bisd; repeal, pag-uurong. R I D E . v. sumakdy, sakydn.
R E V O K E , v. pawaldng-bisd; to re- RIDER, n. (on horseback) mdnga-
peal, iurong. ngabayo; (on a vehicle) sakdy.
R E V O L T , n. rebellion, panghihi- RIDGE, n. (of roof) palupo;
magsik.—v. manghimagsik. range of mountains, tagaytdy.
R E V O L T I N G , adj. disgusting, na- R I D I C U L E , n. paglibdk, pagtuya.
kangdngani; loathsome, nakari- RIDICULOUS, adj. kalibdk-libdk,
rimarim. kakutyd-kutyd.
R E V O L U T I O N , n. rebellion, parg-
R I F L E , n. riple, Sp.; gun, baril.
hihimagsik; the round-and-round
RIFT, n. cleft, siwang.
motion of a body, pag-inog, pag-
ikot. RIGHT, adj. straight, matuwid;
R E V O L U T I O N I S T , n. manghihi- correct, wasto; opp. of left, fca-
maasik. nan.
R E V O L U T I O N I Z E , v. baguhin RIGHTEOUS, adj. makatunran;
nanp lubusan. just, makatdrungan.
R E V O L V E , v. to rotate, 'uminog, RIGID, adj. mahigpit; stiff, ma-
umikot. tigds.
R E V O L V E R , n. rebolber, Sp. RIM, n. border, gilid.
R E V U L S I O N , n. igtdd; change, R I N G , n. singsing.
pagbabago; t r a n s f e r , lipat. RING, v. to sound, tugtugin.
R E W A R D , n. ganti, gantimpala. RINGLEADEH, n. pasimuno.
— v . gantihdn, gantimpalaan. RINGLET, n. small ring, munting
R H A P S O D Y , n. pagtatalik, kata- singsing; a curl of hair, ringlety
likdn, n c . Eng.
R H E T O R I C , n. retorikd, S p . ; sa- R I N S E , v. hawhawdn.
yusay, n c . ; palapatian, nc. RIOT, n. balasaw; gulo, kaguld.
R H E T O R I C A L , adj. .panretorikd, R I O T O U S , a d j . mabalasaw, magu-
S p . ; panayusay, nc. 16.
R H E T O R I C I A N , n. retdrikd, Sp.;
RIP, v. punitin; to undo the seam
mdnanayusdy, nc.
of, by cutting the stitches, mag-
RHEUMATIC, adj. reumdtiko,
tastdSy tastasin.
reumahin, Sp.
R H E U M A T I S M , n. reuma, reuma- R I P E , adj. hindg.
R I P E N , v. mahinog; to cause to
tismo, S p .
r., pahinugin, magpahinog.
R H Y M E , n. rima, S p . ; tugntd.—
R I P P L E , n. (of water or hair)
v. itugmd, paatugmain.
R H Y T H M , n. ritmo, S p . : indayog. alun-alon; (sound) aliw-iw, sa-
RHYTHMIC, RHYTHMICAL, luysoy.
adj. maindayog. RISE, v. (from a sitting position)
R I B , n. tadydng, tumindig, tumayo; (from a lying
R I B B O N , n. laso, S p . ; sintds, Sp. position) bumangon.
R I C E , n. cereal grain, palay; RISK, n. peril, panganib.—v. ma-
(hulled) bigds; (cooked) kanin. nganib; ihardp sa panganib.
Risky 99 Rule

RISKY, adj. mapanganib. R O S E , n. ( s h r u b ) rosas.

R I T E , n. rito, Sp. R O S T E R , n. tdlaan.
RIVAL, n. kaagdw; kapangagdw. R O T A T E , v. painugin, paikutin.
RIVALRY, n. pagpapangagdw. R O T T E N , a d j . decayed, hulok,
RIVET, n. rematse, Sp.; silsil. sird; ( e g g s ) bug6k; (fish) bila-
RIVULET, n. ilug-ilugan; sapa. sdt halpoky hampdk.
R O T U N D , adj. bilog, bilugdn.
ROAD, n. dadn.
R O U G E , n. papula; pangulay.
ROAM, v. gumala, magpagalagald. ROUGH, adj. magaspdng.
R O A N , n.-adj. rosilyo, Sp. R O U G H E N , v. pagaspangin.
ROAR, ungal.—v. umungal. R O U N D , a d j . bildg.
ROAST v. mag-ihaw; magsangdg; R O U S E , v. to a w a k e n , gisingin;
r. pig, litson, Sp. s t i r to t h o u g h t or action, puka-
ROB, v. magnakaw, nakawin, na- win.
kawan. R O U T E , n. dadnan, pagddraanan.
ROBBER, n. magnanakaw, RO,UTlNE, n. karaniwang pala-
ROBBERY, n. ndkawan; pagna- kad; karaniwang gdwain.
nakaw. R O W , n. series in a line, hanay;
R O B U S T , a d j . matipunb. hilera, Sp.
ROCK, n. bato, batong-buhdy. R O W , v. to propel ( b y o a r s ) , su-
R O C K E T , n. kuwites, Sp. magwdn, managwdn; gumaod.
ROCKY, a d j . mabato. ROYAL, adj. pangharx, makaharl.
ROD, n. (metal or wood) baras, R O Y A L T Y , n. pagkahari.
S p . ; whip, pamalo. R U B , v. kuskusin; magkuskos.
R U B B I S H , n. t r a s h , yamutmot;
ROGUE, n. taong tampalasan, bii-
kagikagi; garbage, basura, S p .
hong.
R U B Y , n. rubi, S p .
ROLL, v. to cause to move onward R U D D E R , n. ugit; timon, S p .
by t u r n i n g over and over, pa- R U D D Y , a d j . namu^muld-muld.
gulungin; w r a p upon itself or R U D E , a d j . impolite, bastos, S p . ;
some other object, iluldn, mag-
impudent, waldng-pakundangan.
lulon.—n. paggulong; lulon.
R U D I M E N T , n. simuld, pasimuld.
R O L L E R , n. (of a p r i n t i n g ma- R U E , v. to be s o r r y for, ikalung-
chine) rodilyo, Sp. kot; wish undone, ipagsisi, pag-
R O M A N C E , n. romansa, S p . ; (of sisihan.
love) paldsintahan. R U E F U L , a d j . sad, malungkdt.
R O M A N T I C , a d j . romdntiko, Sp.; R U F F I A N , n. tampalasan.
(lovelorn) masintahin. R U G , n. alpombra, S p .
ROOF, n. bubong; bubungdn. R U G G E D , a d j . bakti-bako; wrin-
ROOM, n. silid; kuwarto, Sp. kled, kulubot.
ROOMY, a d j . spacious, maluwdng. R U I N , n. pagkagibd, pagkaguho.
ROOST, n. hapundn.—v. huma- pagkalugso.—v. gibain, iguho,
pon. ilugso.
R O O S T E R , n. tanddng. R U I N O U S , a d j . destructive, naka-
ROOT, n. ugdt.—v. mag-ugdt. gigibd; hurtful, nakasdsamd.
R O P E , n. lubid. R U L E , n. tuntunin; regulation,
ROSARY, n. rosaryo, Sp. • dlituntunin.
Rule 100 Sailor

R U L E , v. maghari, magpuno; to R U N W A Y , n. pdtakbuhan.

manage, mamahala. R U P T U R E , n. break, sird; her-
R U L E R , n. one who governs, nag- nia, luslos.
hdhari, namtimund; wood or RURAL, adj. pambukid, pangka-
metal guide, panuto; regladdr, bukiran.
Sp. R U S E , n. laldng.
R U M , n. (wine) ron, Sp. R U S H , v. to hurry, magmadali,
R U M B L E , n. dagunddng; ugong, — a d j . mddalian.
RtJMOR, n. bali-balita; sabi-sabi. R U S S I A N , n.-adj. Ruso, Sp.
R U M P , n. puwitan. R U S T , n. kalawang.
R U M P L E , v. gusutin. R U S T L E , v. lumagitik.
R U M P U S , n. guld. R U S T Y , adj. makalawang, kdla-
R U N , n. tumakbd; magtatakbo. wungtn.
R U N G , n. (of ladder) baitdno R U T , n. groove, ukd.
R U N N E R , n. mdnanakbo. R U T H L E S S , adj. waldng-awd.

s
S A B E R , n. sable, Sp. S A F E , n. iron or steel chest, /ca-
S A B O T A G E , n. pamiminsala. ha de yero, Sp.; kabdng-bakal.
SACK, n. large bag, sako, kustdl: S A F E G U A R D , v. ipag-adyd, ad-
supot; (of reed) bayong. yahdn; ipagsanggaldng.
SACK, v. to plunder, pillage, S A F E T Y , n. kaligtasan. — s.
mandambong, dambungin; ma- match, pdspord, Sp.—s. pin,
nupot. tmperdible, Sp.
SACRAMENT, n. sakramento.
Sp. SAG, v. to droop under pressure,
S A C R E D , adj. sagrado, S p . ; per- lumundo; hang down or droop
taining to religion, panrelihiyon. by one's own weight, lumayldy.
S A C R I F I C E , n. offering, alay, SAGACIOUS, adj. shrewd, mata-
hain; the losing or giving up of las; intelligent, matalino.
something for another's sake, SAGACITY, n. shrewdness, kata-
pagpapakasakit, sdkripisyo, Sp. lasan; intelligence, katalinuhan.
—-v. to offer, mag-alay, mag ha- SAGE, adj. wise, maalam; indi-
in; destroy or give up some- cating profound wisdom, pan-
thing for another's sake, may- t&s.
pakasakity mag sdkripisyo, Sp. SAGE, n. (Bot.) sambong; sal-
S A C R I L E G E , n. kalapastanga- biydf Sp.
nan. SAGO, n. (Bot.) sag6.
S A C R I S T Y , n. sakristiya, Sp.
S A D , adj. sorrowful, malungkot; SAIL, n. layag.—v. lumayag.
mournful, mapangldw. SAILBOAT, n. (with outriggers)
S A D D E N , v. papamanglawin. par aw; (smaller than pardw)
S A D D L E , n. siya, ( S p . silla). sibirdn.
S A F E , adj. ligtds; trustworthy, SAILOR, n. mandaragdt; mari-
mapagkdkatiwalaan. nero,. Sp.
Saint 101 Savant
S A I N T , n. santd, Sp.; bandl. S A N C T I T Y , n. kabdnalan. .
SAINTLY, adj. pious, bandl. S A N C T U A R Y , • n. santuwaryo,
S A K E , n. regard, alang-alang.— S p . ; altar, dambana. .
For the . s . of the argument, S A N D , n. buhangtn.
alang-alang sa pagtatalo. SANDAL, n. sandalyas, Sp.;
SALAD, n. ensalada, S p . ; salad, pangyapdk.
Eng. S A N D P A P E R , n. pangaskas; pa-
SALARY, n. sahod; swuoeldo, Sp. pel de liha, Sp.
S A L E , n. pagbibilL S A N D Y , adj. mabuhangin.
S A L E S M A N , n. tagapagbili, ta- S A N E , adj. matino; healthy, ma-
gapaglakd. lusdg.
S A L I N E , adj. maalat. S A N G U I N E , a d j . may maalab na
kaloobdn.
SALIVA, n. laway.
S A N I T A R Y , a d j . clean, malims.
SALLOW, adj. of a pale, sickly S A N I T A T I O N , n. cleanliness, *o~
yellow color, bardk. hntsan.
SALMON, n. salmon, Sp.
S A N I T Y , n. katinuan.
SALOON, n. hall, bulwagan. S A P , n. juice, katds.
SALT, n. asin.—v. asndn. S A P L I N G , n. supling.
SALTPETER, n. salitre, Sp. S A P P H I R E , n. sdpiro, Sp.
SALTY, adj. tasting of salt, maa- S A R C A S M , n. uydm, pag-uydrn.
lat; somewhat salt, parang asin. S A R C A S T I C , adj. nakauuydm.
SALUTATION, n. bath S A R D I N E , n. sardinas, Sp.
SALUTATORIAN, n. (at a grad- S A R S A P A R I L L A , n. sarsaparil-
uation) pangalawdng dangdl. yd.
S A L U T E , n. greeting, batl; oow, S A T I A T E , v. busugin; to be sa-
yukod; taking off of hat, pu- tiated, mabusdg.
gay; (military) sal ado, Sp.—v. S A T I E T Y , n. kabusugdn.
to greet, bumatl, batiin; bow, S A T I N , n.-adj. satin, Sp.
yumukdd; take oif one's hat S A T I R E , n. tuyd, uyam.
to, magpugay, pagpugayan; SATIRIC, adj. nakatutuyd, md-
(among the military) sumaludo, nunuyd; nakattuydm, mang-uu-
saluduhan, Sp. ydm.
SALVAGE, n. pagsagip.—v. su-
S A T I S F A C T I O N , n. kasiyahdn.
magip, sagipin.
SATISFACTORY, adj. nakasisi-
SALVATION, n. kaligtasa;,. yd.
SALVO, n. pasalbd, Sp.
SAME, adj. identical, iyundin; S A T I S F Y , v. magbigdy-kasiya-
alike, magkatulad; magkagaya, hdn, bigydng-kasiyahdn.
magkaparis. S A T U R A T E , v. tigmakin.
SAMPLE, n. muwestra, Sp.; S A T U R A T I O N , n. katigmakdn.
something shown, pakita; some- S A T U R D A Y , n. Sdbado, Sp.
thing given for tasting, pati- S A U C E , n. sarsa, S p . ; sawsawan.
kim. S A U C E R , n. platito, Sp.
SANCTIFY, v. idamband, damba- S A U S A G E , n. suriso.
natn. S A V A G E , adj. ganid; ferocious,
SANCTION, n. pagpapatibay.—v. mabangis.
pagtibayint magpatibay. S A V A N T , n. pantds; pahdm*
Save 102 Scorch
SAVE, v. iligtds, magliqtds; to raniwan; not plentiful, mada-
refrain from spending-, magti- lang, kdkaunti; not equal to the
pid, tipirin. demand, di-sapdt.
SAVE, prep, except, kundi, mdli- SCARE, v. takutin, manakot; to
ban. be scared, matakot.
SAVIOR, n. tagapagligtds. SCARECROW, n. pdtakot, pana-
SAVOR, n. taste, lasa; flavor, li- kot.
namndm. SCATHING, adj. nakasdsakit, na-
SAVORY, adj. tasty, malasa; Pa- kapandnakit.
latable, malinamndm. SCATTER, v. isabog, magsaoog;
SAW, n. (Carp.) lagarl—v. man- pasabugin; to strew loosely
lagarl. about, ikalat, magkalat; pakala-
SAWDUST, n. pinaglaqarian; se- txn.
rin, Sup. SCENE, n. tagpo; view, pdnoorin,
SAWMILL, n. pdlagarian. tdnawin.
SAXOPHONE, n. saksopSn, Eng. SCENERY, n. tdnawin.
SAY, v. rnagsabi, sabihin. SCENT, n. sense of smell, pang-
SAYING, n. kasabihdn. arndy; odor, amdy.
SCAB, n. langib. SCEPTER, n. setro, Sp.
SCABBARD, n. kaluban. SCEPTIC, adp di-mapaniwalain.
SCABBY, adj. sugatin. SCHEDULE, n. paldtuntunan.
SCABROUS, adj. makaliskis. SCHEME, n. plan, panukald; ba-
SCAFFOLD, n. execution plat- lak; device, paradn, pamamara-
form, bibitaydn. dn.
SCALD, v. magbanli, banlidn: to SCHISM, n. division, paghahati;
be scalded, mdbanlidn. separation, paghihiwaldy.
SCALE, n. one pan of a balance, SCHOLAR, n. student, nag-daral,
panimbdng; (pi.) timbangan. mag-aardl; learned person, pan-
SCALES, n. small horny plates tds.
covering fish, reptiles, etc., ka- SCHOOL, n. pdaraldn; eskuwSla-
liskis. hdn, Sp.
SCALP, n. balat-ulo; anit SCIENCE, n. knowledge, fcarunu-
SCALPEL, n. panistis. ngan; siyensiyd, Sp.
SCALY, adj. makaliskis. SCIENTIFIC, adj. pangkarunu-
SCANDAL, n. iskdndalo, Sp.; ali- ngan; siyentipiko, Sp.
nagasngds; gossip, satsatan, dal- SCIENTIST, n. siyentipiko, Sp.
dalan; slander, paninirang-puri. SCINTILLATE, v. kumisldp.
SCANDALOUS, adj. iskandalono SCINTILLATION, n, pagkisldp.
(-a), Sp.; maalingasngds. SCION, n. sprout or shoot, su-
SCANTY, adj. kdkaunti; katiting. pang; descendant, supling.
SCAPULA, n. (Anat.) shoulder SCISSORS, n. gunting.
blade, paypdy. SCOFF, v. mang-aglahi, aglahiin.
SCAPULAR, n. eskapularyo, kal- SCOLD, v. magmurd, murahin.
tnin, Sp. SCOOP, v. sumalok, salukin; su
SCAR, n. pikldt, pilat. manddkf sandukin.
SCARCE, adj. not common, di-ka- SCORCH v. to burn slightly, pa-
Score 103 Seashore

suin; be burned slightly, ma- script, orihindl, Sp.; cursive,

pasb; cause to be parched, ida- kursiba, Sp., hilig.
rdng. SCRIPTURE, n. (Holy) Bandl na
SCORE, n. number, bilang; twen- Kasulatan.
ty, dalawampH.—v. to keep a SCROLL, n. balumbon.
record, magtald; find fault with. SCRUB, v. magkuskos, kuskusin.
pintasdn, mamintds: be able to SCRUPLE, n. hesitation, pag-aa-
make a tally or advance a point. langdn.
makabilang. SCRUPULOUS, adj. inclined to
SCORN, v. manlibdk, libakin; to be conscientious, mapangalagd:
despise as unworthy, mangha- careful, maingat.
mak, hamakin. SCUFFLE, v. to fight or strug-
SCORNFUL, adj. mapanlibdk; gle hand to hand, magpanung-
mapanghamak. gdb; drag the feet in a sloven-
SCORPION, n. alakddn ly manner, dumagos, dumagus-
SCOUNDREL, n.-adj. waldng- dos.
dangdl; low, mean, imbi. SCULLERY, n. back kitchen, ba-
SCOUR, v. isisin. talan.
SCOURGE, n. pamald, pambug- SCULLION, n. bataan.
bog. SCULPTOR, n. manlililok, eskul-
SCOUT, n. iskaut, Eng. tort Sp.
SCOWL, v. mangunot-noo, pagkii- SCULPTURE, n. panlililok; es-
nutdng-noo; to look sullen, mag- kulzura, Sp.
mukhdng-galit. SCUM, n. lindb; kapa, Sp.
SCRAMBLE, v. to clamber on SCURF, n. dandruff, balakubak.
hands and feet, mang-ufcya- SCURRY, v. magtatakbo; kvmari-
bit, umukyabit, pag-ukyabitan; mot ng takbo.
struggle for something eagerly SCYTHE, n. lilik, karit.
or rudely, makipagpdngagawdn. SEA, n. dagat.
magpdngagawdn. SEAL, n. stamp or die, selyo, Sp.;
SCRAP, n. fragment, kapwaso, tatdk.—v. to set or affix a seal
Sp.; junk metal, iskrdp, Eng. to, selyuhdn, Sp.; tatakdn (of
SCRAPBOOK, n. akldt-sipidn. envelopes) to paste the flap,
SCRAPE, v. magkayod, kayurin. idikit; fill up cracks or crev-
SCRAPER, n. pang ayod; (for ices, pasakan, takpdn.
coconuts) kudkuran. SEAM, n. tahi; pinagtahidn.
SCRATCH, v. kumamot, ktimutin. SEAMAN, n. mandaragdt; taong-
SCREAM, v. to utter in a loud, dagat.
piercing voice, humiydw; s. at, SEAMLESS, adj. waldng-tahi;
hiyawdn; utter a sharp, shrill di-tinahi.
cry, tumili. SEAPORT, n. ddungang-dagat.
SCREEN, n. tabing. SEARCH, v. to seek, hanapin,
SCREW, n. turnilyo, Sp.—s. driv- paghanapitu
er, pamihit-tumilyo; destumilr SEARCHLIGHT, n. suldng pana-
yador, Sp. liksik.
SCRIBE, n. mdnunulat. SEASHORE, n. baybayin, tabing-
SCRIPT, n. sulat-kamdy; manu- dagat.
Seasickness 104 Self
SEASICKNESS, n. pagkalula, tu- SEDUCE, v. manghibby hibuin;
la; pagkahilo. manlamuyot, lamuyutin.
SEASICK, adj. nalulula, nahihilo. SEDUCTION, n. panghihibb;
SECRET, n.-adj. lihim.—adj. hid- panlalamuyot.
den, nakatagb, tago. SEDUCTIVE, adj. mapanghibb;
SEASON, n. panahon. mapanlamuyot.
SEASONABLE, adj. ndpapana- SEDULOUS, adj. masigasig.
hdn. SEE, v. to behold, mdkita; visit,
SEASONAL, adj. pand-panahon. dumalaw, dalawin; try to meet,
SEASONING, n. pampalasa, pam- nmkipagkita; comprehend, ma-
palinamndm; rekado, Sp. unawaan.
SEAT, n. upuan. SEED, n. buto.
SEAWEED, n. damong-dagat. SEEDLING, n. binhi. punld.
SECEDE, v. tumiwaldg. SEEDY, adj. mabutd.
SECESSION, n. pagtiwaldg. SEEK, v. maghandp, vaghanapin.
SECLUDED, adj. remote, malayb; SEEM, v. translated as adverb:
separated, hiwaldy. tila, wart. The sky seems blue.
SECOND, n.-adj. ikalawd, panga- Aug langit ay tila bughdw.—
lawd.—n. 60th part of a min- Warl uses the ligature. I seem
ute, segundo, Sp.; saglit. to be floating. Waring ako'y
SECONDHAND, adj. luma; ga- nakalutang.
mit na; sigundamano, Sp. SEEP, v. kumayat.
SECRETARY, n. kalihim; sekre- SEEPAGE, n. kayat.
taryo (-a), Sp. SEER, n. manghuhula.
SECRETIVE, adj. mapaglihim. SEESAW, n. paldtimbangan.
SECT, n. sekta, Sp.; pangkdt. SEETHE, v. to boil, kumulo, su-
SECTARIAN, adj. may-pangka- muldk.
tin. (Non-s., waldng-pangkatin). SEGMENT, n. portion, bahagi.
SECTION, n. portion, bahagi; SEGREGATE, v. ibuk6d\ ilayd,
subdivision, pangkdt. ihiwaldy.
SECTIONAL, adj. bahd-bdlwgi; SEGREGATION, n. pagbubukdd,
pangkdt-pangkdt. paglalayo, paghihiwaldy.
SECTIONALISM, n. kapanarili- SEIZE, v. to take possession of
hdn; rehiyonalismo, Sp. forcibly or suddenly, kamkamin,
SECULAR, adj. (Ecc.) segldr, mangamkdm; snatch, agaurin,
Sp. umagaw, mang-agaw.
SECURE, adj. tiwasdy.—v. to SEIZURE, n. pangangamkdm,
gain possession of, makuha, md- pag-agaw, pang-aagaw.
tamd. SELDOM, adv. bihird.
SECURITY, n. katiivsdydn. SELECT, adj. pill, pinil.—v. pu-
SEDATE, adj. calm, composed, mili, mamill; humirang.
mahinahon. SELECTION, n. pagpilly paghi-
SEDIMENT, n. latak. rang.
SEDITION, n. sedisyon, Sp. SELF, n. ang sarili. (Myself, ang
SEDITIOUS, adj. labdg sa 6a- aking sarili; yourself, ang iydng
yan. sarili; pi. ang inyong sarili;
Self-conceit 105 Serial
himself, herself, ang kaniydng power to perceive, pang-unawa;
sarili, etc.) sound, clear mind, diwd; mean-
SELF-CONCEIT, n. pagka-maka- ing, kahulugdn; that which ex-
ako. t, presses wisdom or sanity, bait.
SELF-CONFIDENCE, n. tiwala S E N S E L E S S , adj. without feel-
sa sarili. ing, waldng-damdamin: nonsen-
SELF-CONSCIOUS, adj. mahiya- sical, waldng-diwa, waldng-say-
in, mahinhin. sdy.
SELF-CONTROL, n. pagpipigil S E N S I B I L I T Y , n. pakiramddm;
sa sarili. mental discernment, katalusdn.
S E L F - D E F E N S E , n. pagtatang- S E N S I B L E , adj. reasonable, may-
gol sa sarili. katwiran.
S E L F - D E N Y I N G , adj. mapag- S E N S I T I V E , adj. capable of feel-
timpi. ing, may-pakiramddm; easily
SELF-GOVERNMENT, n, pana- affected, muramdamin; mapag-
riling-pdmahaladn. damddm, mahiyain.
SELFISH, adj. maka-sarili; ava- S E N T E N C E , n. (Gram.) pangu-
ricious, sakim, masakim, mara- ngusap; (Law) judgment, hatol.
mot. S E N T I M E N T , n. damdamin, dam-
S E L F I S H N E S S , n. pagkamaka- dam.
sarili; kasakimdn. S E N T I M E N T A L , adj. emotional,
SELL, v. magbili, ipagbili; (to) maramdamin; affectedly ten-
pagbilhan; to tend a store, mag- der, malambing.
tindd. S E N T I N E L , S E N T R Y , n. bantdy,
SEMBLANCE, n. wangis; image, tanod.
larawan. S E P A R A T E , adj. bukod, hiwa-
SEMESTER, n. 6 months, (half-
Idy.—v. to divide, hatiin; dis-
year), hating-taon; a school s.,
unite, paghiwalayin; disconnect,
hatintaon.
tanggalin; set apart, ibukod.
SEMICOLON, n. tuldukuwit.
SEMINAR, n. pantds-aral, nc. S E P A R A T I O N , n. paghihiwaldy.
SEMINARY, n. seminaryo, Sp. S E P A R A T O R , n. panghiwaldy.
SEMIVOWEL, n. malapatinig. S E P T E M B E R , n. Setyembre, Sp.
S E N A T E , n. senado, Sp. S E P U L C H E R , n. libingan.
SENATOR, n. senador, Sp. S E P U L T U R E , n. paglilibing.
S E N D , v.o magpadald, ipadald. S E Q U E L , n. karugtong.
SENIOR, 0 adj.-n. elder, nakatdtan- S E Q U E N C E , n. pagsusunud-sii-
dd; the last year in school or nod, pagkakdsunud-sunod.
college course, also the student S E R E N A D E , n. harana; serena-
in such final year, sinyor, Eng.; ta, Sp.—v. magharana, harana-
ang naptdtapos. hin.
S E N S A T I O N , n. pakiramddm.— S E R E N E , adj. mahinahon; mabi-
He created a s. t Siyd'y nakapu- ni.
kaw ng damdamin. S E R E N I T Y , n. kahinahunan, ka-
SENSATIONAL, adi. makavu- binihan.
kaw-damdamin; kasinddl-sinddl. S E R F , n. slave, alipin, busabos.
S E N S E , n. the power to see or S E R G E A N T , n. sarhento, Sp.
feel, pandamd; sentido, Sp.; the S E R I A L , adj. dugt\Lng~d'igt6ng.
Series 106 Shame
SERIES, n. pdnunuran; serye, Sp. SEVENTH, n. adj. ikapito (ika-
SERIOUS, adj. formal, pormdl, 7).
Sp.; sober, matino; in a grave SEVENTY, n.-adj. pitumpH.
condition, malubhd, mabigat. SEVER, v. to separate with vio-
SERMON, n. pangaral; sermon, lence, tanggalin; (the head) ptt-
Sp. gutin, pugutan.
SERMONIZE, v. mangaral; mag- SEVERAL, adj. mga ildn; vari-
sermdn, Sp. ous, ibd-ibd.
SERPENT, n. ahas; serpiyente, SEVERE, adj. strict, mahigpit;
Sp. harsh, mabagsik.
SERRATE, adj. ngipin-ngipin. SEVERITY, n. strictness, kahig-
pitdn; harshness, kabagsikdn.
SERVANT, n. alila, bataan. SEW, v. tahiin, magta/ii, manahi.
SERVE, v. maglingkod, pagling- SEWER, n. pdagusan, pddaluyan.
kurdn; magsilbi, pagsilbihdn; to SEX, n. tauhin; (Gram.) gender,
be of use to, magamit. kasarian.
SERVICE, n. paglitingkod; ser- SEXTET, n. dniman; sesteto, Sp.
bisyo, Sp.—Civil s., Serbisyo Si- SHABBINESS, n. panlilimahid.
bil. — Public S., Pdlingkurang SHABBY,.adj. nanlilimahid.
Pangmadld.
SHACKLE, n. (pi.) pangdw: ga-
SERVICEABLE, adj. magdgamit; pos.
mapakikinabangan. SHADE, n. lilim; Mom.
SERVITOR, n. tagapaglingkdd. SHADOW, n. anino.
SERVITUDE, n. kaalipindn, pag- SHADOWY, adj. dim, malabo.
kaalipin. SHADY, adj. malilim; malilom.
SESSION, n. (at school) pagaaral, SHAFT, n. stem (as of arrow).
pagkaklase, Sp.; the holding of tagdan; the arrow itself, pana,
meetings, pagpupulong. palaso; plant stalk, tangkdy;
SET, v. to put, ilagdy, maglagdy; handle, hawakdn, tatangnan.
sink, lumubdg; fix, magtakdd, SHAGGY, adj. mabuhok, mabala-
itakdd. nibo; rough with long hair, ma-
SETBACK, n. pag-urong. lambd.
SETTLE, v. to establish self in a SHAKE, v. ugain; umugd; to
place, tumahdn, manahanan; co- cause to shiver, paugain; trem-
lonize, manirahan; conclude, wa- ble, manginig, manga\dl.—To s.
kasdn; decide, pagpasiyahdn; set hands with, makipagkamdy. —
in order, ayusin, mag-ayos; pay To s. a bottle, alugin (kalugin)
(a bill) magbayad, pagbayaran; ang bote.
become clarified, as a liquid, lu-
minaw; come to an agreement, SHAKY, adj. umHugd; wavering,
magkdsundo. mabuwdy.
SEVEN, n. adj. pit6. SHALL,—expressed in the future
SEVENFOLD, n.-adj. pitong iba- tense forms of verbs.
yo. SHALLOW, adj. mababaw.
SEVENTEEN, n.-adj. labimpitd. SHAM, adj. paimbabdw.
SEVENTEENTH, n.-adj. ikala- SHAME, n. hiyd.—v. to cause to
bimpito (ika-17). be ashamed, hiyain.
Shameful 107 Shop
S H A M E F U L , adj. kahiyd-hiyd; S H E P H E R D , n. pastol, Sp.; ta-
nakahihiyd. gapag-alagd.
S H A M E L E S S , adj. waldng-hiya. S H I E L D , n. kalasag, pananggd;
SHAMPOO, n. panggugb. — v. sanggaldng.
maggugb, guguan. S H I F T , n. substitution, paghaha-
SHANK, n. pad. lili; a changing, pagbabago, pag-
S H A P E , n. form, anyo; contour, lilipat.
tabas; figure hugis. SHIMMER, v. umanddp-anddp,
SHAPER, n. panghugis. kumurdp-kurdp.
S H A R E , n. portion allotted, kaba- S H I N , n. (Anat.) lulod.
hagi; portion of capital stock, S H I N E , v. to emit rays of light,
aksiyon, Sp.—v. to divide and sumikat; be bright, magning-
distribute, ipamahagi; partake
ning.
of, makibahagi, makisama, S H I N I N G , adj. radiant, maning-
SHARK, n. (Biol.) pating. riing; giving light, maliwanag.
SHARP, adj. having fine, thin S H I N Y , adj. makintdb; polished,
edge,, as a knife, matalim, ma- makinis, binuli; bright, maning-
talas; ending in a fine point, as ning.
p needle, matulis. S H I P , n. sasakydng-dagat; bapor,
S H A R P E N , v. ihasa, maghasa. Sp.—v. ilulan sa bapor.
SHATTER, v. dnrugin; basagin. S H I P M E N T , n. palulan.
S H A V E , v. (self) mag-ahit; (oth- S H I P W R E C K , n. pagkabagbdg
ers'* umahit, mana-ahit; ahitin. (ng bapor).
SHAWL, n. panyulon, Sp.: alam- SHIRT, n. kamisadentro, Sp.
vdy. S H I V E R , v. to tremble, manginig;
S H E , pron. siyd. See H E . (from cold) mangaligkig; (from
SHEAR, v. gupitin. fright) mangatdl.
SHEARS, n. panggupit; gunting. SHOAL, adj. shallow, mababaw.
S H E A T H , n. kaluban. SHOCK, n. impact, dagok; sud-
S H E D , v. tumulb; dumaloy; to let den disturbance, kabiglaanan,
fall, (as leaves) malagldg. pagkabigld.
S H E E P , n. tupa. SHOCKING, adj. causing to shake
S H E E P S K I N , n. baldt-tupa. ( a s by a blow), nakaydyanig;
S H E E T , n. (of paper) pilyego, causing disturbance of feelings,
Sp.; dahon; (of cloth) piraso, nakapangingilabot.
Sp. S H O E , n. sapatos, Sp.
S H E L F , n. istante, Sp. S H O E M A K E R , n. sapatero, Sp.;
SHELL, n. outer covering, baldt; magsasapatos.
cartridge, kartutso, Sp.—v. to SHOOT, v. to let fly, discharge
take out the outside covering or with sudden force, tumudld, tud-
separate from the cob, maghi- lain; kill with a gun, barilin,
mdyy himayin. S p . ; fire off or discharge a wea-
SHELLAC, n. laka, Sp. pon, magpaputdk.
SHELTER, n. kublihan, kanlu- SHOOT, n. a young branch or
ngan.—v. to protect or shield growth, supang.
from injury, ipag-adyd; take S H O P , n. store, tindahan; factory,
refuge, magkubli, mangubli; pdgawaan; a mechanic's plaoe
kumanlong, manganlong. of work, gdwaan.
 Shopkeeper 108 Signboard

S H O P K E E P E R , n. magtitindd, ta- sa; move with a dragging mo-

gapagtindd; tindero ( a ) , Sp. tion (as the feet in walking or
S H O R E , n. (of sea or lake) ta- dancing) umingkdng-ingkdng.
bing-dagat, baybayin; (of river) S H U N , v. to avoid, ilagan, layudn.
pampdng. S H U T , v. to close, sarhdn, mag-
S H O R T , adj. not long, maikli, ma- sard, Sp.; ipinid,
igsi; brief in time, madali. SHY, adj. timid, kimi; bashful,
S H O R T A G E , n. kakulangdn, ku- mahiyain.
lang. SICK, adj. may-sakit, may-karam-
S H O R T E N , v. paikliin, paigsiin. daman,
S H O R T E N I N G , n. that which SICKENING, adj. nakapagkdka-
makes pastry crisp and brittle, sakit; nauseating, nakapangd-
pampalutong. ngasim ng sikmura.
SHORTLY, adv. soon, sandali na SICKLE, n. lilik, karit.
lamang. SICKLY, adj. masasaktin; never
S H O R T - W I N D E D , adj. madaling well, himatlugin.
humingal. S I C K N E S S , n. pagkakasakit; pag-
S H O U L D , v. aux. dapat, narara- kakaramddm.
pat. S I D E , n. edge, tabit tabihdn; sur-
S H O U L D E R , n. balikat. face or face of a solid, panig,—
S H O U T , n. sigdw, hiydw,—v. su- v. to take the part of one against
migdWy humiydw; to s. at, siga- another, kumdmpi, kampihdn;
wdn, hiyawdn. pumanig, panigan; kumatig, ka-
S H O V E , n. tulak.—v. itulak. tigan.
S H O V E L , n. pala, Sp. SIDEWALK, n. bangketat Sp.
SHOW, v. to present to view, ipa- S I D E W A Y S , adv. patagilid.
SIEGE, n. pagkubkob.
kita; exhibit, itanghdl.
S I F T , v. to pass through a sieve,
S H O W E R , n. a brief fall of rain, salain; bithayin.
ambon.—v. umambon. SIFTER, n. saladn; bithdy.
S H O W Y , adj. attracting attention, SIGH, n. buntunghiningd.—v. mag-
tdnawin; gorgeous, marildg; buntunghiningd.
pretentious, mapagparangyd. SIGHT, n. tinginy paningin; spec-
S H R E W D , adj. keen, matalas. tacle, pdnoorin.
S H R I E K , n. tili.—v. tumili. SIGN, n. symbol, tandd; omen, pd-
S H R I M P , n. hipon. ngitain.—v. to affix a signature,
S H R I N E , n. altar, dambana. lumagdd, lagdadn; pumirmd, pir-
S H R I N K , v. to contract, umurong, mahdn, Sp.
mangikli. SIGNAL, n. sign agreed upon, hud-
S H R I V E L , v. to be drawn into ydu—adj memorable, di-malili-
wrinkles, rnangulubdt. nmtun.—v. to communicate with
S H R O U D , n. sapot.—v. saputan. by means of flags, signs, etc.,
S H R U G , v. magkibit ng balikat. humudydt, hudyatdn.
S H U D D E R , v. manginiy, manga- S I G N A T U R E , n. lagdd; pirmdt
tdL Sp.
S H U F F L E , v. to rearrange play- SIGNBOARD, n. kardtuld, Sp.
ing cards, bumalasa, magbala-
Significance 109 Skim
SIGNIFICANCE, n. kahulugdn. SINGER, n. mang-aawit; mdnga-
SIGNIFICANT, adj. makahulu- ngantd, Sp.
gdn. S I N G L E , adj. alone, rag-iisd; one
only, iisd; not married, waldng-
SIGNIFY, v. to mean, ipakahulu- asawa; (masc.) binata, (fern.)
gdn. dalaga.
SILENCE, n. katahimikan. S I N G U L A R , adj. (Gram.) isahan;
SILENT, adj. not given to speech, peculiar, ka-kaiba; unique, ta-
waldng-imik; quiet, tahimik. ngl; bukod-tangl.
SILK, n. sutld; seda, Sp. SINK, v. Inmubog.
SILL, n. bottom piece in a window S I N K E R , n. pabigdt.
frame, pasamano, Sp. S I N N E R , n. taong makasalanan.
SILLY, adj. weak in intellect, ha- S I N U O U S , adj. crooked, baluktot.
ngdl; stupid, uto. SIP, v. sumimsim, simsimin; to
taste, tumikim, tikmdn.
SILT, n. banlik. SIR, n. ginoo, (Abb. G.)
SILVER, n, pilak; plate Sp. S I R E N , n. sirena, Sp.
SILVERY, adj. pinilakan. SIRLOIN, n. solomilyo, Sp.
SIMILAR, adj. katulad, kawangis. S I R U P , n. harabe, S p . ; pulot; si-
rup, Eng.
SIMILE, n. paghahalintulad. S I S T E R , n. kapatid na babae.
SIMMER, v. bumuldk. S I S T E R - I N LAW, n. hipag.
SIMPER, v. ngumisi.—n. ngisi. SIT, v. umupo, maupo.—to s. on,
SIMPLE, adj. single, nag-iisd, upudn.—to cause to s. down, pa-
visa; not mixed, walang-hald; upuin.
(Gram.) not compounded or af- S I T E , n. position, tayo, katdyuan;
fixed, paydk; plain, unadorned, situation, lag d y, kaldgayan;
lisding. place where built, pinagtayudn;
SIMPLIFY, v. to make easier, place in which to be built, pag-
magpagaan, pagaanin; paalwa- tdtaynan.
nin. S I T U A T E D , adj. located, nakata-
SIMULATE, v. to assume the yo (sa).
character or semblance of, mag- S I T U A T I O N , n. kaldgayan.
sa- (plus what is being simu- SIX, n.-adj. anim.
lated). S I X T E E N T H , n.-adj. ikalabing-
SIMULTANEOUS, adj. magkasa- anim, ika-16.
bdy, magkakasabdy, sabdysabdy. S I X T H , n.-adj. ikaanim, ika-6.
SIN, n. sala, kasalanan.—v. mag- S I X T Y , n.-adj. animnapfi.
kdsala. SIZE, n. laki.
SINCE, adv. from a certain past SIZZLE, v. sumirit.
time until now, mula noon.— S K E L E T O N , n. kalansdy.
conj. ydya/mang. — prep, mula SKID, v. to slip or slide, mddulds.
noon. S K I L F U L , S K I L L F U L , adj. deft,
SINCERE, adj, true, tapdt; honor- sandy, bihasa; expert, dalubha-
able, marangdl. sa.
S I N F U L , adj. makasalanan. SKILL, n. kasanaydn; expertness,
SING, v. umawity awitin; kuman- kadalubhasaan.
td, kantahin, Sp. SKIM, v. hapawin, humapdw.
Skimpy 110 Smother

SKIMPY, adj. narrow, makipot. SLIME, n. lusak; mud, putik, bu-

S K I N , n. baldt. rak,
S K I N N Y , adj. emaciated, butd't- SLIMY, adj. malusak; muddy, wta-
baldt; lean, pay at. putik, maburak.
S K I P , v. to leap over, lumuksd, SLIP, v. to slide, mddulds, mdpa-
lumunddg; omit, kaligtadn, lig- dulds.
tadn. S L I P P E R S , n. sinelas, tsinelas,
SKIRMISH, n. pdnaklutan. — v. Sp.
magpdnaklutan. SLOGAN, n. pamansdg.
S K I R T , n. saya. SLOPE, n. dahilig; gulod.
S K U L K , v. managb. SLOVEN, adj. burard; alisagd.
S K U L L , n. bungo; bony case in- SLOW, adj. not rapid in motion,
closing brain, bao ng ulo. marahan; not prompt, makupad;
S K Y , n. langit. occupying a long time, mabagal;
S L A N D E R , n. sirang-puri; pani- behind time, atrasado, Sp.
nirang-puri.—v. manirang-puri. SLUMBER, v. matulog; humim-
S L A N D E R O U S , adj. mapanirang- lay.
puri. SLY, adj. underhand, pailalim; de-
S L A N G , n. balbdl; salitdng-lansa- ceitful, mapanlinldng, madayd;
ngan. magdarayd.
S L A N G Y , adj. balbdl. SMALL, adj. maliit, munti.
S L A P , n. tampdl; (on the cheek) SMALLPOX, n. bulutong.
sampdl.—v. tampalin; (on the SMART, adj. clever, matalino;
cheek) sampalin. shrewd, matalas.
S L A S H , n. cut, hiwa, iwd; a stroke SMASH, v. to break in pieces, du-
of whip, hagupit. rugin; (glass or pottery) basa-
S L A U G H T E R , n. pdtayan, pag- gin; to be thrown violently
papatdy. against, mdbanggd.
S L A V E , n. alipin. SMEAR, v. to spread with any-
thing greasy, pahiran; soil in
S L A V E R Y , n. kaalipinan; pang-
any way, dumhdn; dungisan;
aalipin.
mansahdn, Sp.
S L A Y , v. to kill, patayin, kitilin. SMELL, v. amuyin, umamoy.—n.
S L E D , n. paragos. a?noy.
S L E E P , n. tulog.—v. fnatulog. SMILE, n. ngiti.—v. ngumiti.—To
S L E E P Y , adj. nag-dantok, indan- s. at, ngitidn.
tok; (habitually) antukin. SMITE, v. hampasin; dagukan.
S L E E V E , n* manggds, Sp. SMITH, n. panddy.
SLENDER, adj. baling kinitan; SMITHY, n. pandayan.
narrow in proportion to the SMOKE, n. aso, usok.—v. umaso,
length or height, habd; relative- umusok.—To s. cigarettes or
ly small, munti. cigars, humitit; (manigarilyoy
SLICE, n. putol, hiwa. manabako.)
SLICK, adj. makinis. SMOKEY, adj. maaso, mausok.
SLIGHT, adj. kcunti, kdkauntu SMOOTH, adj. makinis.
SLIM, adj. of small diameter, pat- SMOTHER, v. inisin. — To be
patin; small, munti, kaunti. smothered, mainis.
Snail 111 Solve

SNAIL, n. suso. SOCKS, n. medyas, Sp.

S N A K E , n. ahas. SOCKET, n. (Elec.) saket, E n g .
S N A P , v. to break suddenly, ma- SOD, n. damuhdn.
sapdk, snatch at something sud- SODA, n. soda, Sp.
denly with the teeth, sakmalin, S O F T , adj. easily yielding to pres-
sumakmdl; crackle, lumagitik; sure, malambot; (of light) not
speak crossly, manikm&t, sikma- glaring, malamldm; (of sound)
tdn. marahan, mababd; gentle, tna-
S N A P P Y , adj. energetic, madali, bint.
maliksi; brisk, masigld. S O F T E N , v. palambutin; pahina-
S N A R E , n. bitag. in.
SNARL, v. umangil, angilan.—n. SOIL, n. lupa.
angil. SOJOURN, v. tumigU, tumahdn.
SNATCH, v. to seize suddenly, SOLDER, n. panghinang.—v. hi-
halbutin. nangan, ihinang.
S N E E R , v. manuyd, tuyain. SOLDIER, n. kawal; sundalo.
S N E E Z E , v. bumahin; mdpaba- S O L E , n. the under side o f th«
hin. foot, talampakan; (of shoes)
SNORE, v. maghilik. suwelasf Sp.
S N O U T , n. ngusb. SOLE, alj. being alone, nag-iisd:
single, iisd, tangl; only, lamang.
S N U B , v. to slight intentionally,
S O L E M N , adj. solemne, S p . ; i n -
magmalaki, pagmalakhdn. spiring awe or fear, kagild-gila-
SNUG, adj. maginhawa. Ids; attended with ceremonies,
SO, adv. in such manner, ngd.— maringal.
conj. therefore, kayd. SOLICIT, v. to ask for, humiling,
SOAP, n. sabdn, Sp. humingi; entreat, makiusap, ma-
SOAPY, adj. masabon, Sp. manhik.
SOB, v. humikbi.—n. hikbi. SOLICITOUS, a d j . concerned, ma-
SOBER, a d j . n o t intoxicated asikaso, Sp.
(with liquor), di-lasing; calm, SOLID, adj. compact, pikpik, ma-
mahinahon. sinsin; firm, matibay; not hol-
SOCIABLE, adj. companionable, low, bud.
paldsama; masamahin. S O L I D I F Y , v. mamuo.
SOCIAL, adj. relating to general SOLIDITY, n. hardness, katiga-
conditions of human life, panli- sdn; volume, kabuudn.
punan; pertaining to men as S O L I T A I R E , n. sulitaryo, Sp.
living in association with one SOLITARY, adj. living by o n e -
another, pagsasamahdn, pakiki- self, nag-iisd; lonely, nal&lum-
pagtunguhan. bdy.
SOCIALISM, n. sosyalismo, Sp. S O L I T U D E , n. pag-iisd.
SOCIALIST, n. - adj. sosyalista, S O L U B L E , adj. nattitunaw.
Sp. SOLUTION, n. process of c a u s -
SOCIETY, n. people in general, ing to be absorbed into a liquid.
lipunan; organized body of per- pagtunaw; a solving, tuos, ka-
sons, kapisanan, sdmahan. tuusdn.
SOCIOLOGY, n. sosyolohiya, Sp.; S O L V E , v. mag tuos, tuusin: ku-
karunungang panlipunan. wentahin.
Solvent 112 Spaniard
S O L V E N T , n. pantunaw, panu- SORROWFUL, daj. namimighati;
naw. nagdddalamhati; malungkot.
S O M E , pron. ildn.—adj. ildn, ka- SORRY, adj. nalulungkot; nagdd-
unti. ramddm.—I am s., Ikinalulung-
S O M E B O D Y , n. tao. hot ho.
SOMEHOW, adv. sa pa&numdn, SORT, n. kind, ur\.—v to classi-
sa papadnumdn. fy, uriin; pagbuhud-buhurin.
S O M E T H I N G , n. anumdn. SOUL, n. hdluluwd.
S O M E T I M E , adv. formerly, no- S O U N D , adj. whole, bud; founded
dug una; once, minsan; at a on truth, tunay, totoo; honor-
time in the future, sa panahong able, marangdl.
ddrating, sa ibdng araw. S O U N D , n. sensation perceived by
S O M E T I M E S , adv. once in a the ear, tunog; noise, ingay.—
while, paminsan-minsan, hung v. to cause to make a noise', pa-
minsan. tunugin.
S O M E W H A T , n. expressed by S O U N D , v. to fathom or measure
ma- plus the character or qual- the depth of, aruhin.
ity, as maputi-puti, somewhat S O U N D L E S S , adj. waldng-xngay.
w h i t e ; or by may-ka. .an (han) SOUP, n. sopas, Sp.
as, may-kalayuan, somewhat SOUR, adj. maasim.
far. SOURCE, n. muld, pinagmuldn;
S O M E W H E R E , adv. kung saan. pinagbuhatan; pinanggalingan.
S O N , n. andk na lalaki. SOUTH, n. timog, Bis.
S O N A T A , n. sunata, Sp. S O U T H E A S T , n.-adj. timog-sila-
SONG, n. awit; kantd, Sp. ngan.
S O N - I N - L A W , n. manugang na S O U T H W E S T , n.-adj. tvmog-han-
lalaki. luran.
S O N N E T , n. soneto, Sp. SOUVENIR, n. alaala, paalaala;
S O N O R O U S , adj. matagznting. pagunitd, subenir, Eng.-Fr.
SOON, adv. sandali na lamang; SOVEREIGN, adj. may-kapang-
without delay, agdd. yarihan. — n. maykapangyan-
SOPHOMORE, n.-adj. sopomor, han.
SOW, n. inahing baboy.
Eng.
S P A C E , n. (atmospheric) alanga-
SORCERER, n. manggagaway,
mangkukulam. ang; distance between, pagitan,
SORDID, adj. without noble puwdng, agwdt; a length of
ideals, hamak; vile, imbi; greedy time, tagdl.
ot gain, sakim, sakre. SPACIOUS, adj. maluwdng.
S O R E , adj. tender or painful to S P A N , n. distance from end of
the touch, mahapdi; afflicted, thumb to tip of middle finger,
may-sakit; distressing, kasakit- dangkdl (in English, 9 in., in
sakit; resentful, galit. Tagalog, ordinarily 8 in.) ;
SORROW, n. pighati; distress, length, fiaba; arch, balancok.
sakit, dalamhati; sadness, lung- S P A N I A R D , S P A N I S H , n. Kas-
kot, kalungkutan. tild.
Spank 113 Splendid
SPANK, v. tapikin (sa puivit) ; S P E R M , n. a white, w a x y solid,
pahtin.—To be spanked, mdpa- isperma, Sp.
16. S P H E R E , n. bilog.
SPAKE, v. to use frugally, tipi- SPICE, n. panrekado, S p . ; relish,
rin; forgive, patawarin; give, linamndm.
ibiffdy. SPICY, adj. malinamndm, mala-
SPARK, n. tilamsik: sudden flash, sa; fragrant, maoango; pointed
kisldp; small particle, butil.— in thought expression, may-si-
v. to emit sparks, manilamsik; ndsabi.
produce an electric spark, ku- S P I D E R , n. gagambd; dlalawa.
midldp, kumisldp. SPILL, v. to flow over, mdligwdk;
SPARROW,, n. maya. cause to flow over, paligwakin.
S P A R S E , adj. madalang; thinly S P I N , v. to draw out and t w i s t
scattered, kaldt-kaldt. into threads, magsulid, sulirin;
SPASM, n. pulikat; pasmd. cause to whirl rapidly, paiku-
SPEAK, v. magsalitd. tin, painugin.
SPEAKER, n. mananalumpati; SPINAL, adj. panggulugod.—s.
Eng. column, gulugod.
SPEAKING, adj. nagsdsalitd. S P I N D L E , n. suliran, sudldn.
SPEAR, n. sibdt. S P I N E , n. backbone (spinal col-
SPECIAL, adj. tangi; designed u m n ) , gulugod,
for, sadyd; different, ibd; un- S P I N Y , adj. matinik, tinikdn.
common, di-pangkaraniwan; es~ S P I R A L , adj. anyong-suso; ikid,
pesydl, Sp. paikid.
SPECIALIZE, v. magdalubhasa, S P I R I T , n. life, buhay; principle
pagdadalubhasaan. of life, hilagyo; soul, kdluluwd;
SPECIFIC, adj. tiydk. real meaning, diwd.
SPECIFY, v. to mention particu- S P I R I T E D , adj. animated, buhdy;
larly, tukuyin. lively, masigld.
SPECIMEN, n. ulirdn; example, S P I R I T U A L , adj. of or pertain-
halimbawa. ing to the mind, pandiwa; per-
SPECTACLE, n. pdnoorin. taining to the soul, pangkdlu-
SPECTACLES, n. salamin sa luwd.
matd. S P I R I T U A L I S M , n. espiritwalis-
SPECTRAL, adj. parang multo. mo, Sp.
S P I T E , n. pagkagalit, pagkaya-
SPECTER, n. ghost, multo, Sp.
mot.—In s. of, kahit. .man.
SPECULATION, n. mental theo- S P L A S H , v. to spatter liquid
rizing, haka-hakd; (Comm.) about in drops, magwilig, mag-
purchase of stocks at a risk for wisik. — n. noise of a n y t h i n g
future gain, pagbabakd-sakali. striking in or upon water, (or
S P E E C H , n. power of uttering a liquid), lagunsd.
words, pagsasalitd; manner of S P L E E N , n. lapdy.
speaking, pananalitd; (Gram.) S P L E N D I D , adj. gorgeous, mari-
part of s., bahagi ng panalitd; lag, marikit; brilliant, malu-
public discourse, talumpati. ningning; glorious, maluwalha-
S P E E D , n. tulin, bilis. tl
Splice 114 Stain
S P L I C E , n. dugsdng. bds.—n. season when plants oe-
S P L I N T E R , n. tatal; (bamboo) gin to grow, tagsibol.
patpdt. SPROUT, n. supang—v. sumu-
S P O I L , v. to destroy, sirain; ruin, pang.
lansagin. S P U M O U S , adj. mabuld.
S P O N G E , n. espongha, Sp. S P U R I O U S , adj. counterfeit, hn-
S P O N G Y , adj. esponghado (-a), wdd; not genuine, palso, Sp.
Sp.; buhaghdg. S P U R T , n. bigldng buhos; silak-
S P O N S O R n. (masc.) padrino, b6.
S p . ; indamd; (fern.) madrina SPY, n. tiktik; batydw; espiyd,
Sp., iniind. Sp.
SPONTANEOUS, adj. bukdl; SQUALL, n. unds.
natural, katutubo, likds. SQUALOR, n. karumihdn.
SPOOK, n. ghost, multo, Sp. S Q U A N D E R , v. mag-aksayd, ak-
SPOOL, n. cylinder of wood, sayahin.
ridged at each end, karetes, Sp., S Q U A R E , n.-adj. parisukdt.
ikirdn; reel, uldk, yilakdn. SQUASH, n. (Bot.) # kalabasa,
S P O O N , n. kutsara, Sp. Mex.
S P O O N F U L , n. sangkutsara, Sp. SQUAT, v. to sit on o n e s heels,
SPORADIC, adj. kaldt-kaldt; turning kaydd, maning kaydd ;
putd-putaki. crouch, lumupagl.
S P O R T , n. pastime, libangan; S Q U E E Z E , v. to press between
g a m e , lard. two bodies, ipitin; draw forth
S P O T , n. a blot, batik; stain, by pressure, pigain; force into
mansd, S p . ; dungis; place, Zu- place by pressure, isiksik, su-
gdl; locality, podk. Ttiiksik
S P O T L E S S , adj. waldng-batik ; SQUINT-EYED, adj. duling;
waldng-bahid; pure, dalisay* banldg.
S P O U S E , n. asawa. SQUID, n. pusit.
S P O U T , n. nozzle, bukilya, Sp.: SQUIRM, v. to writhe, mamilipit.
stream or jet of liquid, tulo* da- S T A B , v. saksakiriy manaksdk.
STABILITY, n. katatagdn, pag-
toy. kamatatdg.
S P R A I N , n. ball, pilay.—v. ma- STABILIZE, v. patatagin.
balian, mapilayan. S T A B L E , adj. matatdg.
S P R A W L , v. tumimbuwdng; to S T A B L E , n. stall for horses, ka-
spread in an irregular manner, balyerisa, Sp.
a s a plant, mangalat, guma- STACK, n. (of hay) mandald;
pang. orderly pile, salansdn; chimney,
S P R A Y , n, (water) tilamsik. ti- pdusukdn.
balsik.—v. magwilig, wiligdn. S T A D I U M , n. istadyum, Lat.
S P R E A D , v. to scatter, kumalat, STAGE, n. intabladof Sp.
ikalat; propagate, magpalaoa- STAGGER, v. to totter, reel, gu-
nap, palaganapin. miray-giray.
S P R I N G , v. to leap, lumukso; S T A G N A N T , adj. timik.
S T A G N A T E , v. tumimik.
bound, lumunddg; issue, luma-
S T A I N , n. bahid; mansd. S p . ;
Stair 115 Steamship
taint, dungis: dye, dampol, ti- S T A R V A T I O N , n. gutonu
nd. S T A R V E , v. magutom; to dis-
STAIR, n. baitdng. tress or subdue by famine, gu-
STAIRWAY, n. hagdanan, hag- tumin.
dan. S T A T E , n. position, katdyuan,
STAKE, n. urang, tulos. condition, kaldgayan; manner
STAKES, n. pustd, Sp. or condition of being, kaanyu&n.
STALE, adj. not fresh or new. — n . a political body, estado,
lumd; beginning to decay S p . ; government, pdmahaladn.
(food), panis; (fish) halpdk, —v. to tell, magsabi, sabihin.
bilasd. . S T A T E L Y , adj. majestic, maka-
STALK, n. stem of plant, suw; hari; dignified, mabunyi.
stem of leaf, tangkdy. S T A T E M E N T , n. something s t a t -
STALK, v. to approach cautious- ed, sabi, sinabi; report, ulat.
ly and under cover, manubok, S T A T E S M A N , n. estadista, Sp.
subukan. S T A T I O N , n. regular stopping
STALL, n. booth, tindahan: sta- place on a railroad or bus line,
ble, kabalyerisa, Sp. istasydn, S p . ; himpilan; loca-
STALWART, adj. matipund. tion, kinaldlagydn.
STAMMER, v. magpautdl-utdl. STATIONARY, waldng-galdw.
STATIONERY, n. istasyoneri,
STAMP, n. mark or design, ta- E n g . ; mga kagamitdng ukol 8a
tdk; (postage) selyo, Sp.—v. to pagsulat.
mark, tatakdn; attach a post- S T A T U E , n. bantayog; istatwa,
age g. to, selyuhdn, Sp. Sp.
STAMPEDE, n. pagkabulagog.— S T A T U R E , n. tayog, tads.
v. mabulabog, bulabugin. S T A T U S , n. lagdy, kaldgayan.
STAND, v. tumayo. S T A T U T E , n. law, batds.
STANDARD, n. pdmantayan, tu- S T A Y , v. to stand still, tumigil;
laran. remain, mdtird; reside or live
STANDING, n. station, h,aldga- m, tumirdy manirahan; re-
yan, katdyuan; tayo. strain, mugpigil, pagilin.
STANDPOINT, n. pananaw. S T E A D F A S T , adj. (of w o m e n ) ,
STANDSTILL, n. a halt, pagt- timtiman, matimtiman; un-
gil, tigil; rest, pahingd. changing, waldng-bago.
STANZA, n. talatd; estropa, Sp. S T E A L Y , adj. firm, matibay;
S T A P L E , n. pdngunahing-kaila- calm, mahinahon; not nervous
ngan. or easily scared, waldng-tigatig.
STAR, n. bitutn. STEAK, n. beefsteak, bistek,
STARCH, n. arina, Sp. Eng.
STARE, v. titig.—v. tumitig, ti- S T E A L , v. magnakaw, nakawin.
tigan. S T E A L T H , n. lihim.
STARK, adj. utter, complete, la- S T E A L T H Y , adj. palihim; fur-
bds. tive, pailalim.
START, v. to begin, magsimuld; STEAM, n. vapor, singdw.—s
mag-umpisd, Sp. roller, pison, Sp.
STARTLE, v. gulatin, mdgulat; STEAMSHIP; n. bapor, Sp.;
sindakin, masinddk. buke, S p . ; sasakydng-dagat.
 Steel 116 Strained
S T E E L , n. asero, S p . ; talim. STIRRUP, n. estribo, Sp.; tuntu-
S T E E P , adj matarik. ngan.
S T E E R , v. (a boat or ship) umu- STITCH, v. tahiin, manahi.
git, mag-ugit; to guide, mamat- STOCK, n. supply of goods for
nubay, patnuba&an. sale, panindd,
S T E M , n. tangkdy. STOCKHOLDER, n. aksiyomsta,
S T E N C H , n. bahd. Sp.; kasapi ng mdmumuhundn.
S T E N C I L , n. istensil, Eng.
STOCKY, adj. panddk; pandakin.
S T E N O G R A P H E R , n. takigrapo,
STOMACH, n. (Anat.) sikmurd;
Sp. (abdomen, tiydn).
S T E P , n. a movement of the foot, STONE, n. bato.
hakbdng; (of stairs) baitdng; STOOL, n. seat without back
footstep, yabdg.—v.—to move by with three or four legs, bangko,
rasing one foot and placing^ it Sp.
on another spot, humakbdng;
STOOP, v. yumuko.
walk, lumakad.
S T E R I L E , adj. baog. STOOPED, adj. kurkubado, Sp.;
S T E R I L I Z E , v. isterilisahin, Sp. uklo.
S T E R N , adj. mahigplt. STOP, v. to check the movement,
S T E W , v. maglaga, ilaga.—n. m- progress, action, etc., patigilin;
lagd. halt, tumigil.
STICK, n. (of bamboo) patpdt.- STORE, n. tindahan, Sp.
v. to adhere, dumigkit: cause S T O R E K E E P E R , n. magtitindd,
to adhere, idigkit: fasten, tfca- Sp.
bit. STORM, n. bagyo.—v. bumagyo.
STICKY, adj. malagJdt. STORY, n. a floor, sahig; (of a
S T I F F , adj. matigds; not flow- building) saray, palapdg; a
ing easily (thick and h e a v y ) , narrative, kuwento, Sp.; salay-
malapot. sdy.-
S T I F L E , v. to smother, inisin. STOUT, adj. robust, matipuna.
S T I L L , adj. motionless, waldng- STOVE, n. kaldn.
kilosy waldng-galdw; quiet, ta- S T R A D L E , v. (standing) kuma-
himik; silent, waldng-ingay.— ang; (sitting) sumakldng.
adv. as yet, pa; up to this time, STRAIGHT, adj. tuwid.
STRAIGHTEN, v. to make
hanggd ngay6n.—ccmj. how- straight, ituwid, tuwirin; be-
ever, gayunmdn. come straight, maging tuwid
S T I L T , n. tayakdd. (magintuwid).
STING, n. tusok; kagdt. STRAIGHTFORWARD, adj. ta-
STINGY, adj. maramot. pdt.
S T I N K , n. bahd.—v. bumaho, ma- S T R A I N , n. family, race, or
maho. breed, lahl; quality, katdngian;
S T I R , v. to mix, dissolve, or trace, badha.—v. to pass
make, by motion of a spoon, through a sieve, salain, mag said;
use or force as far as possible,
fork, etc., haluin; arouse, pu-
hapitin, pakdpilitin.
kawin, mamukaw. S T R A I N E D , adj. passed through
 Strait 117 Stupid
a strainer, sinala; forced, pilit, twine, panall; a musical cord,
pinilit. bag ting; kuwerdas, Sp.
STRAIT, adj. makipot. STRIP, v. to deprive of a cover-
STRAND, n. shore, baybdy-dagat, ing, talupan; make naked, hu-
bd't-hubardn.
baybayin; twisted or ropelike
mass, lubid, STRIVE, v. to make strenuous ef-
forts, magsumikap, magsuma-
STRANGE, adj. of or relating to kit; pagsumikapan, pagsumaki-
exciting wonder, katakd-takd; tan.
queer, kakatwd; kakaibd. STROKE, n. hampds, pukpdk; a
STRANGER, n. (from a foreign line movement, guhit, kudlit;
land) dayuhan; a person whom sound of clock marking the
one does not know, taong di-ka- time, tugtdg.—v. to rub gently,
kilala, some other person or hagpuin, humagpds.
thing, iba. STROLL, v. maglakdd-lakdd;
STRANGLE, v. sakalin, manakdl, magapsiydl-pasiyal, Sp.
sumakdl. STRONG, adj. malakds.
STRATEGY, n. laldng. STRONGHOLD, n. kutd.
STRAW, n. dayami. STRUCTURE, n. kayaridn; form,
STRAY, v. mdligdw. kaanyudn, any6; arrangement,
STREAM, n. (brook) sapd; (riv- ayos, kaayusan.
er) Hog; flow, tulb; agos.—v. STRUGGLE, n. a violent effort,
to issue and flow out, tumulo; pagpupumilit; contest, timpa-
move forward steadily, umagos. ldkf pdligsahan; strife, dlitan,
STREET, n. dadn; kalye, Sp. —v. to put forth great effort,
STRENGTH, n. lakds. magpumilit, pagpumilitan.
STRENGTHEN, v. palakasin. STUB, n. (of a receipt book or
STRESS, n. (Gram.) emphasis of check book) tal6nt Sp.
pronunciation on a syllable, STUBBORN, adj. matigds ang
diin. ulo.
STRETCH, v. to reach out, abu- STUDENT, n. mag-aardl, nag-
tin, iabot, mag-abot, umabot; daral.
expand, lumapad; enlarge, lu- STUDIO, n. estudyo, Eng.
maki. STUDIOUS, adj paldardl; ma-
STREW, v. isabog, magsabog. pag-ardl.
STRICT, adj. mahigpit. STUMBLE, v. to trip, mdtisod;
STRIFE, n. dlitan, pagkakaalit. fall in walking or running, md-
rapdf. mdparapd.
STRIKE, v. to hit, smite, ham- STUMP, n. tuod.
pasin, humampds, manghampds.
—n. a stopping of work to se- STUN, v. to make senseless (as
cure changes in the treatment by a blow) lingmingin, (be-
of labor, aklas, aklasan; welga, come so, malingming) ; confuse
or daze, tuligin (become so, ma-
Sp. tulig).
STRIKER, n. one who stops work STUPENDOUS, adj. kagild-gilar
for better conditions, mag-aak- Ids; wonderful, kahanga-tianga.
las; welgista, Sp. STUPID, adj. hangdl, usldk.
STRING, n. small cord, pisi;
 Sturdy 118 Suit

S T U R D Y , a d j . hardy, matigds; SUBTRACTION, n. pagbabawas;

robust, matipuno; firm and un- (Math.) Paldbawasan.
yielding, matibay. S U C C E E D , v. magtagumpdy.
S T U T T E R , v. magpautdl-utdL SUCCESS, n. tagumpdy.
S U B D U E , v. supilin, masupil. S U C C E S S F U L , adj. mapanagum-
S U B J E C T , n. one who owes al- pdy.
legiance to a sovereign, alagdd;
SUCCESSION, n. pagsusunud-
topic, paksd; (in a sentence)
simuno. sunod.
S U C C E S S I V E , adj. sunud-sunod.
SUBJECTIVE, adj. based on
one's own feelings, pansarili, SUCCESSOR, n. kahalili.
panarili. SUCCOR, v. saklolohan, sumakh
SUBJUNCTIVE, adj. (Gram.) lolo.—n. saklolo, Sp.
pasakali. SUCCUMB, v. to yield, sumuko.
S U B L I M E , adj. great, dakild; ex- SUCH, adj. gayon, ganiydn.
alted, matayog; elevated, mala- SUCK, v. to draw in (a liquid)
yog. with the mouth, supsupin, su-
S U B M E R G E , v. ilubog, lumubog. mupsop; drink in or absorb, sip-
S U B M I S S I V E , adj. obedient, ma- sipin, sumipsip.
sunurin; humble, pakumbabd. SUCKLE, v. sumuso; to give suck
mapagpakumbabd. ( t o ) , magpasuso, pasusuhin.
S U B M I T , v. to yield to the au- S U D D E N , adj. bigld.
thority or will of another, su- S U D D E N L Y , adv. pabigld; di-
mailalim, pumailalim; surren- kaginsdginsd.
der, sumuko: f o present for, re-
fer to, the judgment of another, S U D S , nf bubbles, buld.
ikardp. S U E , v. magsakddl, isakddl.
S U B O R D I N A T E , adj. (Gram.) S U F F E R , v. to feel with pain,
dependent, katulong. magdusa; endure, magtiis.
S U B S C R I B E , v. sumuskribi, Sp.; S U F F E R I N G , n. dusa; the pain
to agree with, umayon. borne, sakit.
S U B S I D E , v. to sink or fall to S U F F I C E , v. to be enough, mag-
the bottom, tumining; abate, kdsiyd; sumapdU
humulaw, (of the rain) tumild. S U F F I C I E N T , adj. sapdt; kaina-
S U B S I S T , v. manatili; to contin- maiz.
ue, magpatuloy. S U F F I X , n. (Gram.) hulapi.
S U B S I S T E N C E , n. pang-agaw- S U F F O C A T E , v. inisin.
buhay. S U F F O C A T I O N , n. pagkainis.
SUBSTANCE, n. kalamndn; SUFFRAGE, n. vote, pagha-
real meaning, buod. Idly paghahaldl; suprdhiyo, Sp.
S U B S T A N T I A L , adj. real, «u- SUGAR, n. asukal, Sp.—s. cane,
nay; solid, strong, matibay; tub 6.
valuable, mahalagd. SUGGEST, v. magmungkahi,
S U B S T I T U T E , n. kapalit, Icaka- imungkahl.
lili. SUGGESTIVE, adj. may-pahiwa-
S U B T E R F U G E , n. laldng, dayd. tig.
S U B T R A C T , v. magbawas, bawa- SUICIDE, n. pagpapakamatdy.
stn. SLTIT, n. courtship, panliligaw; a
 Suitable 119 Surmise
set of clothes, temo, Sp.—v. to S U P E R S T I T I O N , n. pdmahiin.
fit, iangkop, ibagay. S U P E R S T I T I O U S , adj. mapdma-
S U I T A B L E , adj. fitting, angkop; hiin.
becoming, bagay. S U P E R V I S E , v. to oversee, pa-
SUITCASE, n. maleta, Sp.; male- mahalaan, mamahala.
tin, Sp. S U P E R V I S O R , n. tagapamahald.
SUITOR, n. a man who seeks to S U P P E R , n. hapunan.
marry a woman, manliligdw. S U P P L A N T , v. palitdn, halinhdn.
SULK, v. magtampo. S U P P L E M E N T , n. dagddg.
SULKY, adj. nagtdtampd; ma- S U P P L I C A T E , v. mamanhik.
tampuhin. S U P P L I C A T I O N , n. pamanhik.
SULTRY, adj. mainit. S U P P L Y , v. magtustds, tustusdn;
SUM, n. total, kabuudn* give, bigydn, magbigdy.
SUMMARIZE, v. buurin. S U P P O R T , v. to uphold, katigan,
SUMMARY, n. buddy kabuurdn. kumattg; itaguyod, magtagu-
SUMMER, n. tag-araw, tag-init. yod; provide for ( a s to s. a
SUMMIT, n. talulctok. f a m i l y ) , sustentuhin, Sp.—n. one
SUMMON, v. to call, send for, who upholds, tagakatig, tagata-
ipatawag; command to appear guyod; prop, tukod.
in court, paharapin. S U P P O S E , v. ipagpalagdy; to
SUMMONS, n. tawag, patawag. imagine, akalain.
S U N , n. araw. S U P P O S I T I O N , n. palagdy; aka-
S U N B E A M , n. sinag ng araw. la.
S U N D A Y , n. Linggd.—adj. pan-
linggd, pang-Linggo. S U P P R E S S , v. sansalain; to re-
strain, piyilin, magpigil.
S U N D O W N , n. takipsilim. S U P R E M A C Y , n. pangingibabaw,
S U N N Y , adj. maaraw. pananatg.
S U N R I S E , n. pagsikat ng araw.
S U P R E M E , adj. kdtads-taasan,
S U N S E T , n. paglubdg ng araw. kdtayug-tayugan.
S U P . v. to take supper, maghapu-
S U R E , adj. tiydk.—I am s. it's
nan. true. Natitiydk kong tunay
SUPERFICIAL, adj. paimbabdw; ngd.
shallow, mababaw.
S U R F A C E , n. ibabaw, pangiba-
S U P E R F L U O U S , adj. labia. haw.
S U P E R I N T E N D , v. pamanihala-
S U R F E I T * n. sawd, pagkasawa,
an, panihalaan; to direct, paS-
pagsasawd.
nugutan, mamatnugot.
S U R G E , n. daluyong, pagdalu-
S U P E R I N T E N D E N T , n. tagapa-
nihala. yong.
SUPERIOR, adj. nakatdtads; of S U R G E O N , n. siruhano, S p . ; md-,
better quality, lalong mabuti; ninistis.
preferable, lalong mainam. S U R G E R Y , n. siruliya, S p . ; pa-
SUPERIORITY, n. kapanaigan; ninistis.
kaldmangan. S U R L Y , adj. masiingit.
S U P E R L A T I V E , adj. (Gram.) S U R M I S E , n. sapantaha; a guess,
pdnukdulan; pasukdol. hula,.
Surmount 120 Sympathy
S U R M O U N T , v. to overcome, ma- S U S P I C I O U S , adj. kahind-hina-
kapanaig, madaig; rise above, la.
makapangibabaw, mapangibaba- S U S T A I N , v. kattgan, kumatig;
wan. to maintain or keep up (as an
S U R N A M E , n. apelyido, Sp. argument) ipanindigan, manin-
S U R P A S S , v. lumalo, mafcalalo; dig.
makaraig. S U S T E N A N C E , n. sustento, Sp.
S U R P L U S , n. labis, kalabisdn. SWALLOW, v. lunukin, lumundk.
S U R P R I S E , n. gulat, manghd.— SWAMP, n. lattan.
v. to take unawares, biglain, gu- SWARM, n. kawan.
latin, mang gulat; strike with SWAY, v. paugain; ugain.
wonder, papanianghain, mang- SWEAR, v. manumpd; sumumpd;
hain; cause to be surprised. m&- pain.
gulaty mdmanghd, S W E A T , n. patois.—v. pawisan.
S U R P R I S I N G , adj. kaaulat-au~ S W E E P , v. walsdn, walisdn.
lat; kamanghd-manghd. S W E E P S T A K E S , n. suivipistik,
SURRENDER, n. pagsukd.—v Eng.
sumukd. S W E E T , adj. matamis.—s. pota-
S U R R E P T I T I O U S , adj. palihim. to, kamote.
patago. S W E E T E N , v. patamisin, magpa-
S U R R O U N D , v. to inclose on all tamis; tamisdn.
sides, palibutan: besiege, piku- S W E E T H E A R T , n. katipdn; a
tin, mamikot. lover, kasuyo, kasintahan.
S U R R O U N D I N G S , n. palibot. SWELL, v. to enlarge, lumaki,
S U R V E I L L A N C E , n. pagmamaU (cause to) palakihin; bulge
ydg. out, bumukol;. be inflated, bw*
S U R V E Y , n. act of examining mintog.
carefully,. pagsisiyasat.—v. to SWELLING, n. paglaki; a bulg-
inspect, siyasatin, tingndn, ing out, bukol; pagbukol; infla-
measure and determine the tion, pagbintog;
features of ( a s l a n d ) , sukatin. S W I F T , adj. matulin.
magsukdt. SWIM, v. lumangoy.
S U R V E Y O R , n. mdnunukat-lupd. S W I N D L E , v. mananso; manubd;
S U R V I V E , v. mdtirang buhdy. manekas.
S U R V I V O R , n. ang ndtirang bu- SWINDLER, n. mdnananso; md-
hdy. nunubd; mdnenekas.
SUSCEPTIBLE, adj. sensitive, SWING, v. to move to and fro
maramdamin. regularly, umuntayon, uminda-
S U S P E C T , v. maghinald; (some- yon.
one) paghinalaan. SWOON, v. to faint, himatayin.
S U S P E N D , v. to hang, ibitin, de- SWORD, n. tabdk.
bar, itiwatag. SYLLABLE, n. (Gram.) pantig.
S U S P E N S E , n. state of uncer- SYMBOL, n. sagisag.
tainty, pag-aalinlangan; (in a SYMPATHY, n. pakikiramay,
story) paalinlangan. compassion, pagkaawd, pagka-
S U S P I C I O N , n. hinald. habdg.
Symptom 121 Tantalizing
SYMPTOM, n. tan,da, paltitanda-- SYRUP, n. harabe, Sp.; honey,
an; sintumas, Sp.
SYNONYM, n. salitang kasing- .pulot.
kahuluqan. . k SYSTEM, n. sistema, Sp.; ayos,
SYNONYMOUS, adj. ka stng a-
hulugan. paraan.

T
TAB, n. ung6s; tab, Eng. TALENT, n. cleverness, talino,
TABERNACLE, n. dambantl. katalinuhan.
TABLE, n. mesa, Sp.; (of bam- TALISMAN, n. anting-anting;
boo) hapag; (low or short-leg- galing.
ged) dulang, latok. TALK, v. to lltter words, magsa-
TABLEAU, n. larawang-buhay. lita; express thoughts in words,
TABLECLOTH, n. mantel, Sp. magpahayag, manalita; con-
TABLESPOON, n. kutsara, Sp. verse, magsalitaan.-n. (act of)
TABLET, n. tablet, Eng. pagsasalita; speech, pananalita;
TABLEWARE, n. (tablesilver) pananalumpati, talumpati; con-
kubyertos, Sp. versation, pagsasalitaan, pa.Q-
uusap.
TABULATE, v. pagmangharin. TALKATIVE, adj. masalita.
TABULATION, n. manghtid. TALL, adj. matangkad; mataas.
TACITURN, adj. di-masalita. TALLOW, n. sebo, Sp.; taba.
TACK, n. broad-headed nail, pa- TALLY, n. tara, paya.
kong uluhan; thumb t., tamtak, TALON, n. claw, pangalm6t; ku-
Eng. k6.
TACKLE, v. to attack (as a prob- TAMALE, n. tamalis, Mex.
lem), harapin; fi£hing t., bing- TAMARIND, n. sampalok.
wit. TAME, adj. maamo.
TACT, n. katalasan. TAMPER, v. lumik6t, likutin; to
TACTFUL, adj. matalas. meddle, makialam, pakialaman.
TACTICS, n. taktika, Sp.; pama- TAN, n. (color) kulay-katad.-v.
maraan. to prepare by treating with tan-
TADPOLE, n. uluul6. nic acid, magkulti, kultihin, Sp.
TANGENT, adj. padaplis, pasap-
TAG, n. tanda. yaw.
TAIL, n. bunt6t. TANGIBLE, adj. nahihipo; nada-
TAILOR, n. mananahi; sastre, Sp; rama.
TAILPIECE, n. pabunt6t, pam- TANGO, n. tang go. Sp.
buntot. TANK, n. tangke, Sp.
TAINT, n. dungis; mansa, man- TANNER, n. mangungulti, Sp.
tsa, Sp. TANNING, n. pangungulti, Sp.
TAKE, v. to lay hold of, hawakan; TANTALIZE, v. takawin; papag-
get, kunin kumuha. lawayin; to tease, tuksuhin.
TALE, n. kuwenta, Sp.; buhay. TANTALIZING, adj. nakapagpclr-
TALEBEARER, n. satsat, daldcil. palaway; teasing, mapanuks6.
 Tantamount 122 Tell
TANTAMOUNT, adj. katumbds; TEACH, v. magturo, turuan, itu-
kasinghalagd. ro.
T A P , n. f a u c e t , gripo, S p . ; r a p , TEACHER, n. tagapagturd; ma-
tuktdk, katdk.—v. to rap, tu- estro (a) S p . ; instructor, guro.
muktdk, kumatdk. T E A C H I N G , n. pagtuturo.
T A P E , n. (for m e a s u r i n g ) panu- TEAM, n. koponan; tint, Eng.
kat; a n a r r o w s t r i p of p a p e r or T E A M W O R K , n. cooperation, pag-
cloth, sintds, S p . tutulungan.
T A P E R , n. candle, kandila, S p . T E A P O T , n. tsarera, Ch.-Sp.
T A P E R I N G , adj. hubog-kandild, T E A R , n. a l a c h r y m a l drop, luhd.
hugis-kandila, Sp. — T o be in t e a r s , lumuha.
T A P E W O R M , n. ulyabid. T E A R , v. to pull a p a r t , bakbakin,
T A R , n. alkitrdn, Sp. tanggaiin; rend, punitin; wrench
T A R D Y , a d j . l a t e , huli. or sever w i t h force or violence,
T A R G E T , n. pdtamadn; tudlaan; labnutin,
target, Eng. T E A R F U L , adj. tigib-luhd; lumu-
T A R I F F , n. taripa, S p . ; t a x , bu- luhd.
wis. T E A S E , v. tuksuhin, manuksd.
T A R N I S H , v. to dull t h e b r i g h t -
T E A S P O O N , n. kutsarita, Sp.
n e s s of, papusyawin; become
tarnished, pumusydw; mawa- T E A S P O O N F U L , n. sangkutsari-
lan ng kindng. tq, Sp.
T A R O , n. (Bot.) gabi. T E A T , n. utdng.
T A R P A U L I N , n. trapdl. Sp. T E C H N I C A L , a d j . teknikd, Sp.;
T A S K , n. gdwain, gawd; duty, h a v i n g to do with t h e exact p a r t
tungkulin. of a n y a r t or science, maalitun-
T A S S E L , n. borlas, S p . tunm.
T A S T E , n. flavor, lasa; a small T E C H N I C A L I T Y , n. pagka-ma~
q u a n t i t y t a s t e d , tikim; t h e sense ka-alintuntung/n.
of t., panlasa; critical j u d g m e n t , T E C H N I C I A N , n. teknikd, Sp.;
panuri.—v. to perceive o r know dalubhasa.
b y t h e t o n g u e , nnalasa; t e s t t h e
T E C H N I Q U E , n. a r t i s t r y , kasi-
f l a v o r of, lasahin; relish, lasa-
pin. ningan; skill, kadalubhasaan;
methodology, kapamaraandn,
T A S T E L E S S , adj. waldng-lasa.
T A T T E R E D , adj. guld-gulanit; pamamaradn.
punit-punit. T E D I O U S , a d j . wearisome, naka-
T A T T O O , n. tatu, E n g . Unip, nakdkainip; tiresome, na-
T A U N T , v. mang-uydniy uyamin; kapdpagod, nakdkapagod.
umuydm. T E E T H I N G , n. pagngingipin.
T A U T , adj. maigting. T E L E G R A M , n. telegrama, Sp.
T A U T O L O G Y , n. pagpapaliguy- hatid-kawad.
Hgoy. T E L E G R A P H , n. pdhatirang-ka-
T A X , n. buwis. wad.
T A X A T I O N , n. pagpapabuwis. T E L E P H O N E , n. telepond, Sp.
T A X I , n. taksi, E n g . T E L E S C O P E , n. teleskopyo, Sp.
T E A , n. tsa, Ch., sad. T E L E V I S I O N , n. telebisyon, Sp.
TELL, v. magsabi, sabihin.
Temerity 123 Terror
TEMERITY, n. kapangahasdn. hapdi, maantdk; sympathetic,
TEMPER, v. to mix to a proper madamayim
consistency, timplahin, magtim- TENDERLOIN, n. solomilyo, Sp.
pld, Sp.—n. disposition, lag ay TENDON, n. litid.
ng loob; state of irritation or TENFOLD, adj. sampung ibayo.
anger, init ng ulo; equanimity, TENNIS, n. tenis, Eng
kahinahunam TENOR, n. general meaning or
TEMPERAMENT, See TEM- drift, pinaka-diwa; highest of
PER, n. adult male voices, tenor, Sp.
TEMPERAMENTAL, adj. easily TENSE, adj. stretched tight, ba-
irritated, mayamutin, magaga- ndt; rigid, batibot, naninigds;
litin; sensitive, maramdamin. not lax, waldng-hinga. — n.
TEMPERANCE, n. pagpipigil. (Gram.) panahon.
TEMPERATURE, n. heat, init; TENSION, n. strain, igting; in-
coldness, lamig. tensity of feeling, karubdubdn
TEMPESTUOUS, adj. magulo, ng damdamin; mental strain,
maligalig. kapagaldn ng isip.
TEMPLE, n. templo, Sp.; eamba- TENT, n. tolda, Sp.
han. TENTACLE, n. galamdy.
TEMPO, n. tuhn, bills. TENTATIVE, adj. provisional,
TEMPORAL, adj. pamanahon; pansamantald.
transitory, lumilipas. TENTH, n. adj. ikasampu, ika-10.
TEMPORARY, adj. pansamanta- TEPID, adj. malahiningd.
la. TERM, n. a fixed or limited pe-
TEMPT,- v. to entice (into evil riod of time, taning; takddng
ways), tuksuhin, udyukdn; al- panahon; terminology, talakay.
lure, halinahin, manghalina; TERMS, n. manner of expression,
akitin, mang-akit. pagpapahayag; stipulations,
TEMPTATION, n. tukso, panu- takdd.
nukso; udyok. TERMINAL, adj. panghanggan;
forming the end, pandulo, pan-
TEMPTING, adj. nakatutukso; tapos; pangwakds.
nakahdhalina; kahali-halina. TERMINATE, v. to bring to an
TEN, n. adj. sampfi. end, tapusin, wakasdn; magta-
TENACIOUS, adj. tough, maga- pos, magwakds.
nit; sticky, malagkit;* holding TERMINATION, n. katapusdn;
fast, mahigpit kumapit; kapit- wakds.
tukd. TERMINOLOGY, n. talakay.
TENANT, n. ang nangzcngupa- TERMITE, n. anay.
han. TERRIBLE, adj. katakot-takot;
TENANTLESS, adj. waldng-na- dreadful, kasinddk-sinddk; ap-
katird. palling, kahild-hilakbot,
TEND, v. humilig, kumilxng. TERRITORY,, n. a large tract of
TENDENCY, n. aim, tunguhin, land, lupain; the entire extent
puntahin; inclination, hilig. of land and water under the
TENDER, adj. soft, malambot; control of a ruler or govern-
immature, murd; physically ment, ang nasdsakupan.
painful, (as raw wound) ma- TERROR, n. fright, sinddk.
 Terrorize 124 Think

T E R R O R I Z E , v. manakot, taku- T H E , art. angt (pi. ang mga,

tin; maninddk, sindakin, mga),
T E R S E , adj. malamdn. T H E A T E R , n. dulaan; teatro,
T E S T , n. close examination, pag- Sp.
susuri; experiment, pagtitikim; T H E F T , n. pagnanakaw.
trial, pagsubok,—v. to examine, THEIR, T H E I R S , pron. (preposi-
suriin; find out by experiment, tive) kanild; (postpositive) ra-
tikmdn; try, subukin. Id,
TESTAMENT, n. testamento, THEM, pron.—to, for, with t.. sa
S p . ; huling bilin; pahimakds,— kanild,
Old T., Matanddng Tipdn.— T H E M E , n. paksd; pinag-Husa-
N e w T., Bagong Tipdn, pan,
T E S T I F Y , v. to bear witness, T H E N , conj. therefore, samakat-
sumaksi; give evidence, magpa- wid.—adv. at that time. noon.
tunay. T H E N C E , adv. from that place,
TESTIMONIAL, n. katibayan; muld riydny muld roon; from
patibay. that time, muld noon,
T E S T I M O N Y , n. patibay; affirm- THEORY, n. haka; hypothesis,
ation, patunay; attestation, pa- palagdy.
totoo, T H E R E , adv. (near the person
T E T E - A - T E T E , ( F r . ) , r\. pag-uu- spoken to) diydnf riydn; (far
layaw. from both speaker and ad-
T E X T , n. testo, S p . ; a passage dressed) doon, roon.
from a book, sabi. T H E R E B Y , adv. sa gayon.
T E X T B O O K , n. akldt na pampd- T H E R E F O R E , adv.-conj. sama-
aralan. kativid.
T E X T I L E , n. kayo, habi. THERMOMETER, n. termdme-
T E X T U R E , n. pagkakdhabi, tro, Sp.
T H E S I S , n. tesis, Sp.; akdd,
T H A W , v. tunawin, lusawin. T H E Y , pron. sila.
T H A N , conj. kaysd, (personal) THICK, adj. makapdl; dense con-
kaysd kay, sistency, malapot; close set, ma-
T H A N K , v. magpasalamatan. — sinsin,
Thank you. Salamat. THICKEN, v. kapaldn; to make
T H A N K F U L , adj. nagpdpasala- the consistency dense, laputan.
tnat; g r a t e f u l , kumikilala ng THICKENING, n. something ad-
utang na loob. ded to make the consistency
T H A N K S , n. mar anting salamat, more dense, pampalapot,
—Thanks to (because o f ) , sata- T H I E F , n. magnanakaw.
mat sa, THIEVISH, adj. mapagnakdw,
T H A N K S G I V I N G , n. pagpapasa- THIGH, n. (Anat.) hitd.
lamat.
THIMBLE, n. dedal, Sp.
T H A T , pron.-adj. (near the per-
son addressed) iydn; (far from THIN, adj. manipis; lacking den-
both person speaking and per- sity, malabndw.
son addressed) iydn; (thing re- THING, n. bagay.
ferred to is not within sight) T H I N K , v. umisip, isipin; mag-
yaon,—conj. na (or-ng) . islp.
Third 125 Ticklish
THIRD, n.-adj. ikatlo, pangatlo. THRILLING, adj. makabagbdg-
THIRST, n. uhaw.—v. mauhaw, damdamin; causing a shivering
uhawin. or tingling sensation, nakapa-
THIRSTY, adj. nauuhaw; uhaw. ngingilabot
T H I R T E E N , n.-adj. labintatlo. T H R I V E , v. to prosper, umunldd;
THIRTY, n.-adj. tatlumpu. succeed, magtagumpdy.
THIS, pron. ltd (pi. ang mga ito). T H R O A T , n. (Anat.) lalamunan.
Of this, nito. THROB, v. tumibdk.
THORN, n. tinik.
T H R O N E , n. trono, Sp.
THOROUGH, adj. masusi; com-
plete, gandp. THRONG, n. kafamihang tao.
THOSE, pron.-adj. ang mga iydn; THROUGH, prep, from end to end
ang mga iyon. See THAT. of time, habang (as, habang bu-
THOUGH, conj. even if, kahit na; hayt t. lifa; sa buong buhay, t.
and yet, gayunmdn. life) ; by means of, sa pamama-
gitan ng.
THOUGHT, n. pag-iisi?.
T H O U G H T F U L / a d j . given to con- T H R O U G H O U T , prep, habang, sa
buong.
templation, mapag-isip; atten-
tive, maasikaso, Sp.; careful, THROW, v. ipukdl; iitsd, S p . ; i*6a-
maingat. to.—To t. away, itapon.
T H O U S A N D , adj. libo. — Thou- T H R U S T , v. to push, itulak.
sands of people, libo-libong tao. T H U D , n. lagapdk.
THRALDOM, n. pagkaalipin, ka- T H U M B , n. hinlalaki.
alipinan, T H U M P , n. dagubdng.
THRASH, v. to beat out (grain) T H U N D E R , n. kulog.
from the hull or husk, gumiik T H U N D E R B O L T , n. kidldt at ku-
na pahaplit; humaplit, ihaplit; log.
beat or flog soundly, haplitin, T H U R S D A Y , n. Huwebes, S p .
bugbugin, hambalusin.
T H U S , adv. in this manner, papa-
T H R E A D , n. sinulid.
ganiri, paganiri; in that m a n -
THREADBARE, adj. gulanit; ner, papaganiydn, paganiydn;
nisnis. papaganoon, paganoon ( F o r dis-
THREAT, n. bald; bantd. tinctions in the equivalents of
T H R E A T E N , magbald, balaan, "that" see T H A T ) ; so, hay a;
pagbalaan;; magbantd, bantadn, therefore, samakatwid.
pagbantadn. T H W A R T , v. to run counter to,
THREE, n.-adj. tatlo. salungatin; frustrate, biguin.
THREEFOLD, adj. tatluhan; pi- TICK, v. (of clocks) tumik-tak.
nagtatlo; tatlong ibayo. TICK, n. blood-sucking insects,
THREE-PLY, adj. tatldngsapin. (from horses and cattle) nik-
THRESH, see THRASH. nik; (from fowls) hanip; (from
THRESHOLD, n. pinto. dogs and cats) fleas, pulgds, etc.
THRICE, adj. rnakdtatld, makdit- TICKET, n. tiket, E n g . ; bilyete,
16. Sp.
THRIFT, n. pagtitipid, katipirdn. TICKLE, v. kilitiin, mangilitt.
THRIFTY, adj. matipid. TICKLISH, adj. easily tickled,
Tide 126 Token
makilitiin; maligawgamin; del- TIPTOE, v. tumiydd. — On t.,
icate to handle or achieve, ma- (adv.-adj.) patiydd.
selang. TIRE, v. to become physically
T I D E , n. laki at kati ng tubig. weary, mapagod; wear out the
T I D I N G S , n. news, balita. strength, interest, etc. of some-
T I D Y , adj. maimis; orderly, ma- one, pagurin.
ayos. TIRE, n. (of vehicle) colloq. goma,
T I E , v. itali, talian; to make a Sp.; gulong.
knot out of loose ends (of string, TIRED, adj. pagdd.
rope, etc.) magbuhol, ibuhol. T I R E L E S S , adj. waldng-pagod.
TIGER, n. tigre, Sp.; musang. TIRESOME, adj. nakapdpagod.
TIGHT, adj. not loose, maigting; TITLE, n. name of a book, poem,
(lapat na lapat); close-fitting, etc. pamagdt; of dignity, ranK,
fastened firmly together, lapat,
masikip; taut, bandt. ©r distinction, titulo, Sp.; legal
right to property, pagka-may-ari ;
T I G H T E N , adj. igtingdn, paigti-
paper giving such right, katiba-
ngin; to fasten firmly, ilapat;
make taut, banatin. yan ng pag-aari.
T I L E , n. tisa, S p . ; laryo, Sp. TITTER, v. humilhil; (continuous-
ly) maghihilhil; (simultaneous-
TILL, prep-con j . hang gang sa.— ly) maghilhilan.
v. to cultivate (the s o i l ) , magli-
TOAD, n. palakd.
ndng, linangin.
T I L T , v. to lean, tumagilid; tip, TOADSTOOL, n. umbrella-shaped
poisonous mushroom, panddng-
matiwdSf matikwds. ahas.
T I M B E R , n. kalap; kahoy.
TOAST, v. to brown or heat at
T I M E , n. panahon; hour, oras, Sp. the fire, mag-thaw,, iihaw; to
T I M E L Y , adj. ndpapanahon. drink to the health of, tumagay.
T I M I D , adj. mahinang-loob ; fear- TOASTMASTER, n. tagapagpaki-
ful, matakutin; shy, mahiyain, lala.
T I N , n.-adj. lata. TOBACCO, n. tabako, Sp.
T I N FOIL, n. palard. TODAY, adv. ngaydn; at the pres-
T I N G E , v. bahiran; to be tinged, ent time; sa kasalukuyan.
mdbahiran. TOE, n. dhlirl {ng pad).
T I N K L E , v. kumuliling; (to cause TOGETHER, adv. magkasama;
to) pakulilingin. sama-sama.
T I N S M I T H , n. panddy-lata.
TOIL, v. to work, gumawd; to lab-
T I N T , v. kulayan.—n. tinge, ba-
or with fatigue, magpakapagoa :
hid, kulay.
T I N W A R E , n. laieriya, Sp. with distress, magpakasakit,
T I N Y , adj. munsik; katiting, magpakahirap.
T I P , n. the point of anything t a p - TOILET, n. act of dressing, pag-
ering, tulis, (if sharp) tilos; end bibihis; lavatory with water clo-
of a small thing, dulo; a fee or set, pdlikuran.
present, pabuyd; secret advanc- TOKEN, n. paldtandaan; memen-
ed information, tip, Eng. to, alaala; symbol, sagisag; sign,
T I P S Y , adj. lasing, langd. tandd.
Tolerable 127 Tractor
TOLERABLE, adj. matitiis; ma- TORMENT, n. dusa, ddlita.—v.
paldlampds; mapardradn. papagdusahin, papagddlitatn.
TOLERANCE, n. pagpapalampds; TORNADO, n. buhawi.
pagpaparadn. TORPEDO, n. turpido, Eng.
TOLERATE, v. to put up with, TORPID, adj. dormant, tulog;
batahin; suffer, tiisin; allow, numb, ngimdy.
bayaan. TORRENT, n. bahd, bugso.
TOLL, n. bayad, buwis* TORRID, adj. tuyot, tigdng; ex-
TOMATO, n. kamatis. tremely hot, mainxt na mainit.
TOMB, n. a grave for the dead, TORTUOUS, adj. twisted, balil-ba-
libingan; (vault, niche) nitso, luktot; winding, paikut-ikot.
Sp. TORTURE, n. pahirap.—v. mag-
pahirap, pahirapan.
TOMBSTONE, n. Upidd, Sp. TOTAL, n. kabuudn.
TOMORROW, adv. bukas. TOTTER, v. gumiray-giray, mag-
TON, n. tunelada, Sp. pagiray-giray.
TONE, n. tono, Sp.; sound, tundg. TOUCH, v. humipd, hipuin,—n„
TONGS, n. sipit. fiipb.
TONGUE, n. dild. TOUCHY, adj. maramdamin;
TONGUE-TIED, adj. timid. tangkilin.
TONIGHT, adv. ngaydng gahi; TOUGH, adj. maganit; firm, ma-
mdmaydng gabi. tibay; hard to influence, cfc-mdi-
TONSIL, n. tonsil, Eng. badling.
TOO, adv. also, din, rin; man; TOUR, n. paglalakbdy.
patt; more than enough, use the TOURIST, n. manlalakbdy.
TOURNAMENT, n. pdligsahan.
prefix ndpaka- plus the quality TOW, v. humila, hilahin.
meant, as, ndpakahabd, too long. TOWARD, prep, sa dakong; sa ga-
TOOL, n. kasangkapan. wing.
TOOTH, n. ngiptn. TOWEL, n. tuwalya, Sp.
TOOTHACHE, n. sakit ng ngipm. TOWER, n. tore, Sp.
TOOTHBRUSH, n. panghiso; «e- TOWN, n. bayan.
pilyo ng ngiptn. TOWNSMAN, n. kababayan; ta-
TOOTHPICK, n. panghiningd; pa- ong-bayan.
lito, Sp. TOWNSPEOPLE, n. mga taong-
TOP, n. the highest part, tuktdk; bayan.
summit, taluktok; upper part, TOY, n. larudn.
xbabaw; a cone-shaped toy that TRACE, v. to follow, as by tracks
or vestiges, especially something
can be made to spin, turumpd. lost, bakasin, bumakds; form
—adj. highest, pinakamatads. lines on transparent paper over
TOPAZ, n. topasyo, Sp. original, sinagin.—n. mark, tan-
TOPIC, n. theme, paksd; subject, da, footprint, bakds.
simuno; bagay na pinag-uusa- TRACHEA, n. (Anat.) lalaugan.
pan. TRACK, n. footprint, bakds; a
TOPSY-TURVY, adv. pabaligtdd; beaten path, landds; road, dadn.
patuwdd. TRACTOR, n. traktor, Eng.
TORCH, n. sulo; tanglaw.
Trade 128 Treatment
T R A D E , n. occupation, gdwain; T R A N S I E N T , adj. passing, duma-
trabaho, S p . ; means of liveli- radn; fleeting, napdparam.
hood, hanapbuhay; commerce, T R A N S I T I V E , adj. (Gram.) pali-
• pangangalakal. pdt.
T R A D E - M A R K , n. tatdk. T R A N S I T O R Y , a d j . lumilipas; na-
T R A D I T I O N , n. sali't saling sa- pdparam.
bi; established custom, kauga- T R A N S L A T E , v. isa- (prefix)
lidn, pinagkdugalidn. plus the language into which to
T R A D I T I O N A L , adj. kaugalidn, be translated.
pinagkdugalidn. T R A N S L A T I O N , n. pagsasahn;
T R A F F I C , n. trapik, Eng. salin sa plus the language into
T R A G E D Y , n. trahedya, Sp.; ka- which translated.
lunusan, n c . T R A N S M I T , v. ipadald, magpa-
TRAGIC, adj. kalunus-lunos. dald.
T R A I L , n. footpath, bagnos; foot-
T R A N S P A R E N T , adj. malinaw.
print, bakds.—v. to follow, su-
T R A N S P O R T , v. maglipat.
munod, sunddn; g r o w a t some
length, gumapang. T R A N S P O R T A T I O N , n. paglili-
T R A I N , n. (railway) tren, S p . ; pat; means of conveyance, tras-
series, kalipundn; something portasyon, Sp.; sasakydn.
drawn or dragged behind, hila; T R A N S P O S E , v. baligtarin.
buntot; (of dress) kola, Sp.—v. T R A N S V E R S E , adj. pahaldng;
to drill, sanayin, (oneself) mag- haldng; nakahalang.
sanay. T R A P , n. patibdng; umang.—v.
T R A I N I N G , n. pagsasanay. patibungdn; umangan.
T R A I T , n. katdngian. T R A V E L , v. maglakbdy; lakba-
T R A I T O R , n. taksil, lilo, sukdb. yin.
T R A I T O R O U S , adj. taksil, lilo, T R A V E L E R , n. manlalakbdy.
sukdb. T R A V E R S E , v. bumagtds, bagta-
T R A M P L E , v. yumurak, yurakan. sin.
T R A N Q U I L , a d j . tiwasdy. TRAY, n. bandeha, Sp.
T R A N Q U I L I T Y , n. katiwasaydn. T R E A C H E R Y , n. kasukabdn, ka-
T R A N S C R I B E , v. isalin; kopya- taksildn, kaliluhan.
Kin, Sp. T R E A D , v. to step on, tumuntong,
T R A N S C R I P T I O N , n. salin; kop- tuntungdn.
ya, Sp. T R E A D L E , n. piddl, Sp.
T R A N S F E R , v. ilipat, maglipat, T R E A S O N , n. see TREACHERY.
—n. paglilipat. T R E A S U R E , n. yaman, kayama-
T R A N S F I X , v. tuhugin. nan.—v. to value highly, maha-
T R A N S F O R M , v. baguhing-anyd. lagahin.
T R A N S F O R M A T I O N , n. pagbo- T R E A S U R E R , n. ingat-yaman, ta-
bagong-anyd. gaingat-yaman.
T R A N S F U S I O N , n. pagsasaling- T R E A S U R Y , n. ingatang-yaman.
dugo. T R E A T , v. to behave or act to-
T R A N S G R E S S , v. magkdsala; to ward, makitungo, pakitunguhan;
break or violate a law, lumabdg, makisama, pakisamahan; apply
labagin. medicine on, gamutin.
T R A N S G R E S S I O N , n. pagkdka-
sala; violation, paglabdg. TREATMENT, n. pakikitungo,
Treaty 129 Trust
pakikisama; application of me- to toy with, maglard, paglaru-
dicine, paggamot. dn.
TREATY, n. kdsunduan. TRIGGER, n. kdlabitan.
TREE, n. punong-kahoy. T R I L L I O N , n. sang-angaw na
TRELLIS, n. balag. angaw.
TREMBLE, v. to shake, mangi- TRIM, a d j . neat, maimis; orderly,
nig; shudder, mangatdl; shiver maayos,
with cold (as with malaria), ma- T R I N I T Y , n. Trinidad, S p . ; tat-
ngaligkig. luhan.
T R E M E N D O U S , adj. exciting fear TRIO, n. tatluhan.
or terror, nakapangingilabot, T R I U M P H , n. tagumpdy.—v. mag-
nakasisinddk; of great size, nd-
tagumpdy.
pakalaki; causing awe or aston-
ishment, kamanghd-manghd. T R I U M P H A N T , adj. mapanagum-
TREMOR, n. katog, pangangatog. pdy.
TREMULOUS, adj. nangdngatog; T R O M B O N E , n. trumbon, E n g .
showing fear or timidity, nangi- TROOP, n. tropa, Sp.
ngimL T R O P H Y , n. panalunan.
TRENCH, n. bambdng. TROT, v. yumagydg.—n. yagydg.
T R E N C H A N T , adj. matalas, ma- T R O U B L E , n. gulo, ligalig.
talim. TROUBLESOME, adj. magulo,
T R E N D , n. lakad, hilig. maligalig.
T R E S P A S S , v. to commit any of- TROUGH, n. labangdn, sabsaban.
fense, magkdsala; encroach, T R O U N C E , v. bugbugin, mambug-
manghimasok, panghimasukan. bdg; to flog, hambalusin.
TRIAL, n. act of testing, pagtiti-* T R O U S E R S , n. pantalon, S p . ; sa-
kimt pagsubok; hardship, paghi- lawdl.
hirap; suffering, pagdurusa; ju- T R O W E L , n. dulos.
dicial examination, paglilitis. T R U A N C Y , n. paglalakwatsa, Sp.
TRIANGLE, n. tatsulok, cw., nc. T R U A N T , n. lakwatsero, Sp.
TRIANGULAR, adj. tatsulukdnt T R U C K , n. motor vehicle for hea-
cw., nc. v y loads, trak, E n g .
TRIBE, n. clan, angkdn; lipi. T R U E , adj. tunay; totoo.
T R I B U N A L , n. hukuman. T R U L Y , adv. tunay ngd; totoo
T R I B U N E , n. protector, tagapag- ngd.
sanggaldng, tagatonggdl; tali- T R U M P E T , n. trumpeta, S p . ; tan*-
ba. bull, pakakak, turutdt.
T R I B U T E , n. tax, buwis; ac- T R U N K , n. body or stock of a
knowledgment, pagkilala. tree, puno ng kahoy; body, n o t
TRICK, n. fraud, daya; deceitful including head or extremities,
device, laldng; a sleight-of-hand katawdn; chest, haul, Sp.
feat, salamangkd, Sp. T R U S S , n. support for rupture,
TRICKLE, v. to drip, kumayat, sakld; sold.
iumulo. T R U S T , n. confidence, tiwala, pag-
TRICKY, adj. madayd, magdara- titiwald; belief, paniniwald;
ya; mapaglaldng. faith, pananalig.—v. to h a v e
TRICYCLE, n. trisiklo, Sp. confidence, mag tiwala, pagtiwa-
TRIFLE, n. munting bag ay.—v. laan; believe, maniwala, pani-
Trustful 130 Typical
walaan; have faith, manalig, pa- TURBID, adj. malabb; muddy, ma-
naligan. putik.
TRUSTFUL, adj. mapagtiwala: TURBINE, n. turbina, Sp.
mapanalig; mapaniwalain. TURBULENT, adj. disorderly,
TRUSTWORTHY, adj. mapagka- waldng-kaayusan, maguld; un-
Jcatiwalaan; dependable, mada- controllable, di-masupil; rest-
sahan. les, di-mdpalagdy..
TRUTH, n. katotdhanan. TURKEY, n. pabo, Sp.
TRY, v. to put to a trial, magti- TURMOIL, n. gulo; ligalig.
kim, tikmdn; attempt, umato, TURN, v. to make to revolve, pa-
atuhin. ikutin, magpaikot; to make to
TRYING, adj. annoying, nakaga- go round, pihitin, pumihit; give
galit; hard to bear, di-sukat ma- a round shape through a lathe,
tiis; difficult, mahirap, mabigdt;
severe, mahigpit. lalikin, maglalik.
TRYOUT, n. pagtitikim. TURNIP, n. (Bot.) singkamds.
TRYST, n. pagtatagpo. TURPENTINE, n. agwards, Sp.
TUB, n. batyd, Sp. TURTLE, n. pagong.
TUBE, n. tubo, Sp. TURTLEDOVE, n. kalapati.
TUBER, n. lamdng-lupd, TUSK, n. pangil.
TUBERCULOSIS, n. tisis, Sp.; sa- TUSSLE, n. bund;—v. mag bund.
kit na tuyo. TUXEDO, n. tuksedo, Sp.
TUBERCULOUS, adj. tisiko (a), TWEEZERS, n. sipit.
Sp.; may-sakit na tuyo. TWELFTH, n.-adj. ikalabindala-
TUBEROUS, adj. bukul-bukdl. wd, ika-12.
TUESDAY, n. MarUs, Sp. TWELVE, n.-adj. labindalawd.
TUFT, n. uhay; buhdk. TWENTY, n.-adj. dalawampti.
TUG, v. batakin, hilahin.—Tug-of- TWICE, adv. makdlawd.
war, batakdn. TWILIGHT, n.-adj. takipsilim.
TUITION, n. instruction, teach- TWIN, adj.-n. kambdl
ing, pagtuturd; the charge for TWINE, n. pisi, panali.
instruction, bayad-turo. TWINGE, v. kumirot.
TUMBLE, v. to fall suddenly and TWINKLE, v. a wink, kurdp, ki-
hard, mabuwdl, matumbd, Sp.; sdp.—v. kumurdp, kumisdp.
roll about, magpagulung-gulong; TWIRL, v. paikutin; to twist, pili-
execute gymnastic feats, magpa- pitin*
sirku-sirko, Sp. TWO, n.-adj. dalawd.
TUMOR, n. tumdr, Sp.; swelling, TYPE, n. a specimen or example,
bukoL halimbawd; pattern, ulirdn; (in
TUMULT, n. linggdl. printing) tipo, Sp.—v. colloq. to
TUMULTUOUS, adj. malinggdl. write on the typewriter, mag-
TUNE, n. himig; musical tones, makinilya, Sp.
tugtdg; melody, awit. TYPEWRITER, n. makinilya, Sp.
TUNEFUL, adj. mahimig. TYPHOID, n. (Med.) tipus, Lat.
TUNNEL, n. tuntl, Sp.; nilunggd. TYPHOON, n. unds; storm, bag-
TURBAN, n. turbante, Sp.; tuka- yd; tornado, buhawi.
T6L TYPICAL, adj. representative of
 Typist 131 Unconscious
a class, kinatawan; like others TYRANNICAL, adj. mapaniU;
of its kind, !Cauri. cruel, malupit; despotic, maka-
TYPIST, n. taypist, Eng.; taga- hari.
pagmakinilya, Sp. TYRANNIZE, v. maniU.
TYPOGRAPHY, n. art of print- TYRANNY, n. paniniil.
in~ with type, palalimbagan. TYRANT, n. maniniil.

u
UDDER, n. puklo. UNBOLT, v. to open, buksan,
UGLINESS, n. kapangitan; pag- ibukas.
ka-pangit. UNBORN. adj. di pa isinisilang.
UDLY, adj. pangit. UNBOUNDED, adj. u•alang-
UKULELE, n. ukulele, Haw. hanggan.
ULCER, n. sugat na manakndk. UNBRIDLED, adj. wa.lang-pigil:
ULCERATE, nv. magnakndk. waldng-taros.
ULTIMATE, adj. pan,qhuli: final, UNCALLED-FOR, adj. di-kaila-
pangwakas. ngan; superfluous, kalabisan;
ULTIMATUM, n. huUng-alay: out of place, wald sa lugci1'.
huling-sabi. UNCANNY, adj. weird, mysteri-
UMBILICUS, n. pusod. ous, mahiwaga.
UMBRELLA, n. payong. UNCEASING, adj. walcing-tigil;
UMPIRE, n. tagahatol. waMng-higkat, walang-likcit.
UNABLE, adj. walang-kaya, dz UNCERTAIN, adj. not sure, di-
makakaya. tiycik; doubtful, alinlangan,
UNABRIDGED, adj. walang-pu- nag-cialinlangan.
tol; walang-nilisanan. UNCHANGEABLE, adj. di ma-
bcibago.
UNACCUSTOMED, adj. di-stl- UNCHARITABLE. adj. walang-
nay; di-bihasa. awa; walcing-habcig.
UNALLOYED, adj. walang-halo. UNCIVIL, adj. bast6s.
UNANIMOUS, adj. lahatan. UNCLE, n. amain; tiy6, Sp.
UNARMED, adj. walang-sandata; UNCLEAN, adj. maf'Um£; filthy,
waldng-armas, Sp. nakaciani.
UNA VOIDABLE, adj. di-maila- UNCOMFORTABLE, adj. not at
gan; di-maiwasan. ease, di-tiwasay; causing un- ·
UNAWARE, adv. di-handti.-To easiness, nakababalisa; with-
be caught u., mdsubok, mc!.subu.- out physical ease, di-maginha-
kan. wa, waldng-ginhawa.
UNBEARABLE, adj. di-matiis; UNCOMMON adj, di-karaniwan;
di-mabata. rare, bihird.
UNBELIEF, n. kawaldng-pani- UNCONDITIONAL, adj. absolute,
wala. lub6s; waldng pasubali.
UNBEND, v. tuwirin, ituwid.; to UNCONFIRMED, adj. waldng-
become less severe, maglubay. patunay.
UNBIASED, adj. waldng-kiniki- UNCONSCIOUS, adj. not aware,
lingan. walcing-malay; without feeling,
UNBIND, v. kalagin; kalasin. waldng-pakiramddm.
 Unconstitutional 132 Unearth
U N C O N S T I T U T I O N A L , a d j . Zo- U N D E R S I G N , v. to sign below,
bdg sa Saligdng-Batds. lumagdd; pumirmd, Sp.—The
U N C O N T R O L L E D , adi. waldna- undersigned, ang nakalagdd.
pigil. U N D E R S T A N D , v. to perceive,
U N C O U T H , adj. boorish, bastSs; mdwatasan; know, mdalaman,
ungainly, mabagal: .strange, ka- alamin; know the meaning, ma-
kaibd, kakatwd. unawaan, unawain; mdintindi-
U N C O V E R , v. buksdn. hdn, intindihint Sp.; be in-
U N C T I O N , n. unsiyon. Sp. formed of, mabatid, matalds.
U N D A U N T E D , adj. waldng-ou- U N D E R S T A N D I N G , n. the rea-
lat; fearless, waldng-takot. soning faculties, pang-unaud;
U N D E N I A B L E , adj. di-ma.tdtang- state of knowing, kaalaman;
gihdn; compelling admission, «u- agreement between two or more
kat-paniwalaan. minds, unawaan; intindihan,
U N D E R , prep, sa ilalim ng.—adv. Sp.
sa ilalim. U N D E R S T U D Y , n. person train-
U N D E R C L O T H E S , n. damit na ed to take another's place, pang-
pavqilalim. halili.
U N D E R C U R R E N T , n. agos na U N D E R T A K E , v. isagawd, mag-
pangilalim. sagawd.
U N D E R D O N E , adj. cooked too UNDERTAKER, n. mortician,
little, malasado, Sp. manlilibing.
UNDERGO, v. to experience, U N D E R T A K I N G , n. the taking
magdanas, dumanas, pagdana- upon oneself of a task, pagsasa-
san; suffer, magtiis, pagtiisdn: gawd; enterprise, gdwain.
endure, magbatd, batahin. U N D E S I R A B L E , adj. di-kanais-
U N D E R G R O U N D , a d j . sa ilalim nais.
ng lupa; fig. pailalim. U N D O , v. to make null and void,
U N D E R H A N D E D , adj, sly, ku- pawaldng-bisd; destroy, strain,
blit pakubli; secretive, lihim, par- gibain; loosen, kalagin, kalasin.
lihim. U N D O I N G n. pagkabigo; loss,
U N D E R L A Y , v. sapindn, sapnan. pagkatalo.
U N D E R L I N E , v. salungguhitan. U N D R E S S , v. maghubdd; huba-
U N D E R L I N I N G , n. salungguhit. rin; (others) hubardn.
U N D E R L I N G , n. tauhan; kam- U N D O U B T E D L Y , adv. waldng-
pon. pagsala.
U N D E R M I N E , v. salungguhitan. U N D U E , adj. more than proper
To cause to fall by weakening or suitable, higit sa ndrarapat;
under, paguhuin; weaken, pahv- wrong, mali; illegal, labdg sa
nain. batds.
UNDERNEATH, adv.-prep. sa U N D U L A T E , v. mag-alun-alon.
ilalim. U N D Y I N G , adj. never ceasing,
U N D E R R A T E , v. muntiin, malt* waldng-pagmamaliw ; without
itin. end, waldng-wakds, immortal,
U N D E R S C O R E , v. salungguhi- waldng-kamdtayan.
tan. U N E A R T H , v. mddukdl; to dis-
U N D E R S H I R T , n. kamiseta, Sp. cover, mdtuklasdn.
Uneasy 133 Unkown
UNEASY, adj. aldald, balisd. UNFOUNDED, adj. waldng-pi-
UNEDUCATED, adj. illiterate, nagbdbatayan.
mangmdng. UNFURL, v. iladldd,
UNEMPLOYED, adj. without oc- UNGRACIOUS, adj. uncivil, wa-
cupation, waldng-gindgawd; out Idng-pakundangan; rude, wa-
of work, waldng-pindpasukan; Idng-galang, bastos; offensive,
not in use, di-gindgamit. mabagsik,
UNEQUAL, adj. di-magkapantdy, UNGRATEFUL, adj. waiting
di-pareho, Sp. utang na loob.
UNEQUALED, adj. waldng-katu- UNHAPPY, adj. malungkot; na-
lad; di-matularan. lulumbdy.
UNESSENTIAL, adj. di-gaanong UNHEALTHY, adj. unwell, may-
kailangan. karamdaman; injurious, naka-
UNEVEN, adj. not smooth, ma- sdsamd.
gaspdng; baku-bako; odd, (not UNIFORM, n. uniporme. Sp. —
even in numbering), mines, Sp. adj. magkakatulad (in form, sa
UNEXPECTED, adj. di-akalain; any6; in shape, sa hugis; m
di-indantdy; sudden, bigld. character, sa katdngian).
UNFAILING adj. reliable, mad- UNIFY, v. to form into one, pag-
asahan; not liable to fall short, isahin.
as supply, di-magkukulang; not
growing less or weaker, di- UNIMPEACHABLE, adj. di-ma-
manghihina. pag-dalinlanganan.
UNFAIR, adj. tricky, madaya, UNION, n. pagkakdisd.
maydayd; dishonest, di-mara- UNIQUE, adj. bukod-tangt.
ngdl; not just, di-tapdt. UNIT, n. yunity Eng.; pagka-isd.
UNFAITHFUL, adj. taksil. UNITE, v. to join together, pag-
UNFASTEN, v. kalagin. samahin; combine so as to make
UNFATHOMABLE, adj. di-ma- one, pag-isahin.
tarok, UNITY, n. pagkakdisd; (in Lit-
UNFAVORABLE, adj. adverse, erature) kaisahdn.
UNIVERSAL, adj. pansansinuku-
salungdt; discouraging, naka- ban; panlahdt; pandaigdig.
panghihina ng loob. UNIVERSE, n. sansinukob, san-
UNFEIGNED, adj. tunay; with- tinakpdn, loosely, the world,
out pretense, waldng-pakunwari. daigdig, sandaigdigan; sangka-
UNFINISHED, adj. di tapos: lupadn.
UNFIT, adj. not suitable, di-ba- UNIVERSITY, n. unibersidad,
gay; improper, di-dapat; di- Sp.; pdmantasan, cw.
akma. UNJUST, adj. di-matuwid; not
UNFOLD, v. to spread open, ibu- according to legal justice, wa-
kd, ibukadkdd, iladldd; to open, Idng-katdrungan.
as a flower, bumukdd. UNKEMPT, adj. gulo, gusot; not
UNFORTUNATE, adj. sawi; sa- combed, di-sinukldy; slovenly,
wing-palad; regrettable, kahi- nanlilimahid.
nd-hinayang. UNKIND, adj. malupit.
UNKNOWN, adj. not apprehend-
Unlawful 134 Us
ed, di-aldm; not recognized, di- UNSTRUNG, adj. habso, talihab-
kilala. so.
UNLAWFUL, adj. labdg sa ba- UNTIDY, adj. dirty, marumi;
tds. slovenly, nanlilimahid.
UNLESS, conj. mdliban hung. UNTIL, prep.-conj. hanggdng sa.
UNLIKE, adj. ki-katulad, di-ka- UNTOLD, adj. di-maulatan.
wangis. UNTRUE, adj. di-totoo.
UNLIKELY, adj. waldtig kasigu- UNUSUAL, adj. di-karaniwan,
ruhdn, Sp. di-pangkaraniwan.
UNLIMITED, adj. waldng-hang- UNUTTERABLE, adj. di-masabi;
gdn. beyond description, di-mdilara-
UNLOAD, v. mag-ibis maglapdg, wan.
ilapdg. UNWARRANTABLE, adj. wa-
UNLOCK, v. buksdn. lang-matuwid.
UNLOOSE, v. alpasdn. UNWARY, adj. kulang sa alaga.
UNLUCKY, adj. waiting-kapala- UNWILLING, adj. ayaw.
ran; sindsamd. UNWISE, adj. di-dapat.
UNMISTAKABLE, adj. di-ma- UNWORTHY, adj. di-karapat-
pagkakamaldn. dapat.
UNNATURAL, adj. di-katutubo. UNWRITTEN, adj. di-ndsusulat;
UNNECESSARY, adj. di-kaila^ di-nakasulat.
ngan. UP, adv. sa itads.—prep, sa itads
UNOCCUPIED, adj. not busy, ng.
waldng-gindgawd; not inhabit- UPHOLD, v. magtaguyod, itagu-
ed, waldng-tumitird; untaken yod; to maintain, manindig,
(as, seat), waldng-umuupo. ipanindigan.
UNPARALLELED, adj. waldng- UPLIFT, n. progress, pag-unldd.
kahambing. UPON, prep, on, sa; on top or
UNPARDONABLE, adj. di-mapa^ surface of, sa ibabaw ng.
tdtawad. UPPERMOST, adj. kditaasan.
UNPLEASANT, adj. nakaydya- UPRIGHT, adj. nakatayo, patayo;
mot. patindig.
UNPRECEDENTED, adj. UPRISING, n. pagbabangon.
lang-ulirdn; novel, bago. UPROAR, n. pagkakaingdyy pag-
UNPREJUDICED, adj. waldng- kakagulo.
kinikilingan. UPROOT, v. bunutin.
UNPREPARED, adj. di-handd. UPSET, v. guluhin.
UNPROFITABLE, adj. di-mapa- UPSIDE, adv.-adj. upside down,
kikinabangan; waldng-pakina- patiwarik; baligtdd, tuwdd.
bang. UPSTAIRS, adj. sa itads.
UNRULY, adj. di-masapil. UPWARD, adv. patads, paitads.
UNSATISFACTORY, adj. di-na- URGE, v. ipasagawd.
kasisiydng-loob. URGENT, adj. mddalian; impor-
UNSATISFIED, adj. di nasisiya- tant, mahalagd.
hdn. URINATE, v. umihl.
UNSEEN, adj. di-kita, di ndkiki- URINE, n. ihi.
ta. URN, n. urna, Sp.
UNSTABLE, adj. mabuway. US, pron.—to, for, with us, (all)
Usable 135 Valor
sa atin, (excluding person ad- USURIOUS, adj. mapagpatubo.
• dressed) , sa amin. USURP, v. mangagaw ng tungku-
USABLE, adj. magagamit, naga- lin ng iba.
gamit. . USURY, n. pagpapatubo.
USAGE, n. paggamit, 1iagamitan. UTERUS, n. (Anat.) bahaybatd;
USE, v. gumamit, gamitin.-n. as bahaytao.
USAGE. UTILIZE, v. see USE.
USEFUL, adj. mapakikinaba- UTMOST, adj. greatest, kalubus-
ngan. lubusan; farthest, kalayu-layu-
an; extreme, kasukdulan.
USELESS, adj. walang-kagami- UTTER, v. to pronounce, bigka-
{an; walang-saysay. sin; speak, magsalita, magwika.
USUAL, adj. karaniwa1t; kaugali- -adj. absolute, lub6s.
an. UTTERLY, adv. fully, buo'l'tg-buo;
USURER, n. magpapatubo. absolutely, lub6s na lub6s.

v
VACANCY, n. pagka-bakante, VAIN, adj. valueless, walar>g-
Sp.; emptiness, pagka-walang- halaga, walang-kabuluhan, wa-
lamcin. lcing-saysay.-In v., to no pur-
VACANT, adj. bakante, Sp.; emp- pose, walang-kapar.arakan.
ty, walcing-lamcin. VAINGLORIOUS, adj. mapagpa-
VACATE, v. to give up the pos- rangalan; palalo; boastful, ham-
session of, iwan; colloq., go b6g.
away, umalis. VAINGLORY, n. excessive vanity
VACATION, n. bakasy6n, Sp.; pa- or pride, kapalaluan; boastful-
hingci. ness, kahambugan; vain pomp
VACCINATE, v. magbakuna, ba- or show, pagka-mapagparanga-
kunahan, Sp. lan.
VACCINE, n. bakuna, Sp. VALEDICTORIAN, n. (of a gra-
VACILLATE, v. mag-urung-su- duating class) unang dangal.
long; mag-alangcin. VALEDICTORY, n. talumpating
VACUUM, h. alangaang, nc. pamamaalam.
VAGABOND, n.-adj. hampaslupa. VALIANT, adj. brave, matapang:
VAGARY, n. isip. na ligaw; irre- heroic, magiting.
sponsible dreaming, panganga- VALID, adj. may-bisa; we 11-
rap; whim, kapritso, Sp.; kib6t grounded, may-kabuluhan-:
ng isip. V ALIDATE, v. to ratify, pagtiba-
VAGRANT, adj. ligciw, naliligciw. yin; give legal force to, bigyang-
-n. a tramp, hampaslupa. bisa.
VAGUE, adj. not clear, di-mali- VALLEY, n. lablik; lambak; libfs.
naw; hazy, malabo,· not sure, di- VALOR, n. fearlessness, pagkawa-
tiyak. lang-takot; bravery, katapangan.
Valuable 136 Verbal

V A L U A B L E , adj. mahalaga. V E H E M E N T , adj. marubddb; ma-

V A L U A T I O N , n. paghahalagd. alab,
V A L U E , n. halagd; precise im- V E H I C L E , n. sasakydn.
port, kabuluhdn; exact meaning, VEIL, n. beloy Sp.; talukbdng;
kahulugdn.—v. to put a price on, mantilla, lambong.—v. to cover
halagahdn, esteem highly, paha- with a v., talukbungdn,
lagahdn, mahalagahin; hold V E I N , n. ugdt.
dear, mahalin, itangl. VELOCITY, n. speed, bilis; swift-
V A L U E D , a d j . dearly prized, ma- ness., tulin.
hdl, mindmahdl. V E N E R A B L E , adj. worthy of rev-
V A L V E , n. bdrbuld, Sp. erence, kapitd-pitagan; worthy
V A N , — i n the v., nasa-unahdn, na- to be taken as sacred, kapintu-
ngunguna. pintuho.
V A N G U A R D , n. talibd. V E N E R A T E , v. to regard as sa-
V A N I S H , v. to disappear, mawa- cred, pintuhuin, mamintuho; re-
Id; pass out of existence, mapa- vere, pamitaganan.
ram. V E N E R A T I O N , n. worship, pami-
V A N I T Y , n. conceit, kapalaludn; mintuho; respect and reverence,
triviality, pagka-waldng-kapara- pamimitagan.
rakan. V E N G E A N C E , n. higanti; paghi-
V A N Q U I S H , v. to conquer, man- higanti.
lupigy lupigin; defeat, talunin: V E N I A L , adj. pardonable, mapa-
get the better of, daigin. tdtawad.
V A P O R , n. singdw; halipawpdw, V E N I S O N , n. karning-usd.
O.T.; mist, ulap. VENOM, n. kamanddg; poison, Za-
V A P O R O U S , adj. masingdw. son.
V A R I A B L E , adj. pabagu-bago. VENOMOUS, adj. makawanddg;
V A R I E D , adj. ibd-ibd. poisonous, may-lason.
V A R I E T Y , n. sarisari. V E N T , n. hole, opening, butas;
V A R I O U S , a d j . ibd't ibd. outlet, pdlabasan.—To give' v. to
V A R N I S H , n. barnis, Sp.—v. one's feelings, ihingd ang mga
magbarnis, barnisdn, Sp. damdamin.
V A R Y , v. to alter, pagbagu-bagu- V E N T I L A T E , v. pahanginan, ga-
hin; make unlike one another, wing maaliwalas.
pag-ibd-ibahin; undergo a V E N T I L A T E D , adj. maaliwalas.
change, mabago. V E N T R A L , adj. pantiydn,
V A S E , n. haro, saro, Sp. V E N T U R E , v. to risk or chance,
V A S S A L , n. kampon. magbakasakali; dare, mangahds.
V A S T , adj. malawak; huge, mala- VENTURESOME, VENTUROUS,
ki. adj. daring, pangahds; having
V A T , n. kawa. the quality of taking risks or
V A T I C A N , n. Batikano, Sp. chances, mapagbakasakali.
V A U D E V I L L E , n. bodabil, Fr. VERACITY, n. accordance with
V E E R , v. pumihit, pumalig. truth, pagka-ayon sa katotoha-
V E G E T A B L E , n. gulay. nan.
V E H E M E N C E , n. karubdubdn; V E R B , n. (Gram.) pandiwd.
kaalaban. V E R B A L , n. (Gram.)—v. noun,
 Verbose 137 Violate
pandiwang makangalan; v. ad- V I B R A T E , v. to quiver, as v^ice.
jective, pandiwang makauri, kumatdl-katdl; resound, tuma-
pandiwari. ginting.
VERBOSE, adj. maligoy. V I B R A T I O N , n. pagkatdl-katdl ;
VERBOSITY, n. kaliguyan. resonance, taginting.
V E R D A N T , a d j . lunti, luntidn. VICAR, n. bikaryo, Sp.
V E R D I C T , n. hatol; pasiyd. V I C E , n. bisyoy Sp.—adj. next in
V E R D U R E , n. kaluntidn; pagka- rank, pangalawd.—V.-president.
lunti. pangalawdng pangulo.
VERGE, n. brink, gilid, gulod; ex-
treme edge, tangwd. V I C I N I T Y , n. nearness, kalapitan.
V E R I F Y , v. to prove the correct- V I C T O R , n. ang nagwagi, any
ness of, patunayan, magpatu- nag tagumpdy.
nay; examine so as to prove, si- VICTORIOUS, adj. mapagwagi,
yasatin kung to too. mapanagumpdy.
V E R N A C U L A R , n. sariling wikd. V I C T O R Y , n. pagwawagi; tagum-
V E R S E , n. tuld. pdy.
V E R S I F Y , v. tumuld; tulain* V I C T U A L S , n. pagkain.
VERTICAL, adj. upright, patayo, V I E W , n. the act of seeing, pagti-
patindig, ngin; picture of a scene, tana-
VERTIGO, n. (Med.) luld, hilo. win; spectacle, pdnoorin; opin-
VERY, ad j .-adv. Use ndpaka- ion, palagay.—v. to see, tingndn.
(prefix) plus the quality modi- gaze a t , tanawin.
fied, as, ndpakabuti, very good; VIGIL, n. paglalamay, pagpupu-
ndpakagandd, very beautiful. ydt.
V E S P E R , a d j . panghapon, pang- V I G I L A N C E , n. watchfulness, ma-
gabi. ingat na pagbabantdy; caution,
V E S S E L , n. container, sisidldn, lo- pangangalagd.
lagydn; ship, sasakydng-dagaU V I G I L A N T , adj. alert, gising.
bapor, Sp. w a r y , maingat, maalagd.
V E S T , n. tsaleko, Sp. VIGOR, n. lakds.
VESTIGE, n. mark, tandd; trace,
VIGOROUS, adj. malakds; ener-
bakds.
V E S T M E N T , n. kabihisan. getic, masigld.
VESTRY, n. sdkristiya, Sp. V I L E , adj. hamak; mean, ignoble,
V E T E R A N , n. beterano, Sp.; pos- imbi.
sessing experience, may-karana* V I L L A G E , n. nay on; baryo, S p .
san; long trained, sandy. V I L L A I N , n. belyako, S p . ; taong
V E T E R I N A R I A N , n. beterinaryo, tampalasan; kontrabida, Sp.
Sp. V I L L A I N O U S , adj. tampalasan.
VETO, n. beto, S D . V I L L A I N Y , n. katampatasanan,
V E X , v. mangyamdt, yamutin. V I N D I C A T E , v. mananggaldng.
V E X A T I O N , n. kaydmutan. VINDICTIVE, adj. mapanghigan-
V E X A T I O U S , adj. nakayayamot. ti.
V I A N D S , n. pangulam. V I N E , n. baging.
V I B R A N T , adj. resonant, mata- V I N E G A R , n. suka.
ginting. V I O L A T E , v. to transgress, lur
 Violation 138 Vow
mabdg, labagin; treat roughly voice, pantinig, or speech, pan-
o r severely, dahasin, mandahds; salitd; h a v i n g voice, may-tiniq;
u s e ill, r a p e , gahisin, mangga- voiced, tininigan.
his. VOCATION, n. hilig, kindhihili-
gan.
VIOLATION, n. transgression. VOCATIONAL, adj. panghilig-ya-
paglabdg; ill-treatment, rape, man.
panggagahis; severe treatment, VOCATIVE, adj. (Gram.) pata-
pandadahds. wdg.
V I O L E N C E , n. karahasdn. VOCIFEROUS, adj. maingay; ma-
V I O L E N T , adj. marahds. linggdl.
V I O L E T , n. lila, S p . ; biyoleta, Sp. VOICE, n. tinig; (Gram.) tingig.
VOID, adj. empty, waldng-lamdn;
VIOLIN, n. biyoiin, sp. useless, waldng-kagamitdn; wa-
V I R G I N , n.-adj. birhen, S p . ; da- Idng-saysdy.
laga. V O L A T I L E , a d j . maigahin; model-
VIRILE, adj. may-pagka-lalaki. ling maigd.
V I R T U E , n. effectiveness, bisd: VOLCANO, n. bulkdn, Sp.
w o r t h , halagd; merit, kagdli- V O L I T I O N , n. kaloobdn, bnluntdd,
ngan, kabutihan; r e c t i t u d e , pag- Sp.; determination, decision, pa-
ka-matuwid; chastity kalini- siyd.
sang-puri. VOLTAGE, n. bultahe, Sp.
VIRULENT, adj. makamanddg; V O L U B L E , adj. masalita.
may-lason, VOLUME, n. a book, akldt, librd,
V I S A G E , n. pagmumukha. Sp.; tomo, Sp.; size, laki.
V I S A Y A N , n.-adj. Bisaya. V O L U N T A R Y , adj. knsa.
V I S I B L E , adj. in sight, kita; ob- V O L U N T E E R , n. buluntaryo, Sp.
vious, litdw; a p p a r e n t , halatd. V O M I T , v. sumuka, magsukd.
V I S I O N , n. larawang-diwa; bis- VORACIOUS, adj. masibd.
yon, S p . ; guniguni. V O T E , n. boto, S p . ; haldl.—v. bu-
V I S I T , v. dumalaw, dalawin; bu- moto, botohan, S p . ; ihaldl.
misita, bisitahin, Sp. V O T E R , n. botante, S p . ; mangha-
VISITOR, n. dalaw; bisita, Sp. halal.
V I S U A L I Z E , v. ilarawan sa diwa.. VOUCH, v. to confirm, patunayan,
V I T A L , a d j . pambuhay; essential, magpatunay; b e a r witness, sak-
kailangan. sihdn, sumaksi; g u a r a n t e e , aku-
V I T A L I T Y , n. lakds. in, umakd.
V I T A M I N , n. baytamin, Eng. VOUCHER, n. one who bears wit-
V I V A C I O U S , a d j . masigld. ness, saksi; g u a r a n t o r , ang umd-
V I V I D , a d j . masidhi; animated* ako; paper or receipt for pay-
buhdy. ment, botser, E n g .
V O C A B U L A R Y , n. taldsalitaan; V O U C H S A F E , v. igawad, ipagkar
bukabularyo, Sp. lodb.
VOCAL, adj. pertaining to the V O W , n. pangakb.—v. mangako.
Vowel 139 Waste

VOWEL, n. (Gram.) patinig. VULGAR, adj. pangkaraniwan;

low, mababd; mean, hamak.
VOYAGE, n. paglalaydg; pagUtr- V U L N E R A B L E , adj. matdtalbdn.
lakbdy-dagat. V U L T U R E , n. buuritre, Sp.

W
WAG, v. magpauli-ult, WAR, n. digmd; (actual and be-
WAGE, n. pi. (wages) sahod, &i- ing fought) digmaan.
ta.—v. To w. war, mandigma. W A R B L E , v. to trill, humuni; ca-
WAGER, n. pustd, Sp.—v. pumus- rol, umawit.
td. W A R D , n. district, purok; person
WAGON, n. bagdn, Sp. under guard or protection, ahi-
WAIST, n. (Anat.) baywdng. gd; section of a hospital, sala,
WAIT, v. maghintdy, hintayin. Sp.—v. to w. off, mag sangga-
WAITER, n. tagapaglingkod; lang, mag tanggoL
weyter, Eng. W A R D E N , n. alkayde, Sp.
W A R D R O B E , n. closet for clothes,
WAKE, v. gumising, mdgising. aparador, Sp.
W A K E K F U L , adj. gising; unable W A R E H O U S E , n. bodega, Sp.;
to sleep, di-mdkatulog. pintungan.
WAKEN, v. gisingin. W A R F A R E , n. digmaan, pagdirig-
WALK, v. lumafcad, maglakdd; to maan.
take a stroll, magpasiydl, Sp. WARM, adj. mainit, mabands.
WALK-OUT, n. welga, Sp.; akla- W A R M T H , n. iniU
san. W A R N , v. to put on guard, pa-
WALL, n. fence of stone, brick, pag-ingatin; make aware of pos-
etc., pader, Sp.; room partition, sible danger, pagsabihan, pangu-
dingding. nahan; advise against some-
WALLET, n. folding pocketbook, thing, paalalahanan.
pitaka, Sp. W A R N I N G , n. padlaala.
WALLOW, v. to roll about in mud, W A R P , v. to become twisted, ma-
lumublob; live in vice or filth, maluktot.
gumumon. WARRIOR, n. mandirigmd.
WALTZ, n. balse, Sp. W A R S H I P , n. bapor na pandig-
1YL&.
W A N , adj. sickly, masasaktin.
W A R T , n. butig.
W A N D , n. batutd, Sp.
W A R Y , adj. maingat.
W A N E , v. (applied to the moon) W A S H , v. maghugas, hugasan;
magtundw. maglabd, labhdn,
W A N T , n. pangangailangan.— v. W A S H S T A N D , n. hugasan; laba-
mangailangan. bo, Sp.
WANTING, adj. lacking, kulang: W A S P , n. laywdn.
missing, nawdwald. W A S T E , v. to destroy, gibain, si-
WANTON, adj. malicious, masa- rain; spend or use recklessly or
mang-budhi; loose in morals, ma- unprofitably, mag-aksayd, aksa-
halay. yahin; say an gin.
Wasteful 140 Westerner
W A S T E F U L , adj. mapag-aksayd. W E B , n. cobweb, bahay-dlalawa,
W A T C H , n. small timepiece, relds, bahay-gagambdt
S p . ; guard, bantdy.-r-v. to keep W E D , v. to marry, mag-asawa, pa-
guard, magbantdy, bantaydn. kasdl, Sp.
W A T C H F U L , adj. maingat, maa- WEDDING, n. boda, Sp.; kasdl,
laga. Sp.; pag-iisdng-dibdib.
W A T C H M A K E R , n. relohero, Sp. W E D G E , n. kunyds, Sp.; sinsel,
W A T C H M A N , n. bantdy; tanod. Sp.
W A T C H W O R D , n. hudydt. W E D N E S D A Y , n. Miyerkules, Sp.
W A T E R , n. tubig.—v. to sprinKle W E E D , n. damo.—v. to remove un-
desirable grass or plants, guma-
with w., diligin, magdilig.
maSy gamasin.
W A T E R - C L O S E T , n. inodoro-, Sp.
W E E D Y , n. madamo.
W A T E R M E L O N , n. pakwdn.
W E E K , n. linggd.
W A T E R F A L L , n. talon.
W E E K L Y , adv. once a week, ling-
W A T E R P R O O F , adj. di-mabasd,
guhan; every week, linggu-ling-
di-matatalbdn ng tubig; may-sa- gd.
gabi. W E E P , v. to cry, umiydk; shed
W A V E , n. alon. tears, lumuha.
W A V E R , v. mag-ulik-ulik, WEIGH, v. magtimbdngt timba-
W A X , n. pagkit. ngin.
W A Y , n. passage, dadn; manner,
WEIGHT, n. heaviness, bigdt; unit
ugall; method, means, paradn.
of heaviness, timbdng.
W A Y L A Y , v. abatdn.
WEIGHTY, adj. heavy, mabigdt;
W A Y S I D E , n. tabing-dadn.
having much weight, matim-
W A Y W A R D , adj. suwail.
bdng*
W E , pron. (all) tayo; (excluding
WEIRD, adj. nakapangingilabot.
the person addressed) kaml.
WELCOME, n. masaydng pag-
W E A K , adj. mahina. tanggdp. — adj. kalugud-lugod,
W E A K E N , v. to r e d u c e in nakalulugdd.—v. to receive with
strength, pahinain; become less hospitality, tanggaping mahinu-
strong, manghina. say.
W E A K N E S S , n. kahinaan. W E L D , v. maghinang, ihinang, hi-
W E A L T H , n. yaman, kayamanan* nangin.
W E A N , v. iwalay; awatin; ibi- WELDING, n. hinang.
tiw. W E L F A R E , n. kagdlingan.
W E A P O N , n. sandata; armds, Sp. WELL, n. waterhole, baton;
W E A R , v. magsuot, isudt. spring, balongt batis.
W E A R I S O M E , adj. nakapdpagod. WELL, adj.-adv. magaling.
W E A R Y , adj. pagod, napdpagod. WELL-TO-DO, adj. mariwasa.
W E A T H E R , n. panahdn. WELT, n. red swollen mark on
W E A V E , v. (reeds or the like) fu- the skin made by a blow, latay.
mala, maglala, lalahin; (threads W E S T , n.-adj. kanluran.
into cloth) humabi, maghabi, ha~ W E S T E R L Y , adj.-adv. pakanlu-
bihin. rdn.
W E S T E R N E R , n. tagakanluran.
Westward 141 Wind

WESTWARD, adj.-adv. pakanlu- pulan.—n. (act of) sipol; an iiv

rdn. strument for whistling, pito,
WET, adj. basd.—W. nurse sisi- S p . ; silbato, Sp.
wa. W H I T E , adj.-n. puti, maputi.—W
WHALE, n. dambuhald; isddng- ant, anay.
balyena, Sp. W H I T E N , v. paputiin; become
WHARF, n. ddungan. white, pumuti, mamuti.
WHAT, pron-adj. and. W H I T H E R , adv. pasadn.
W H A T E V E R , pron.-adj. anumdn, WHO, pron. sino.
and man. W H O E V E R , pron. sinumdn.
WHATSOEVER, pron.-adj. anu- W H O L E , n.-adj. bud; lahdt.
mdn, and man. W H O L E - H E A R T E D , adj. budng-
W H E A T , n. trigo, Sp. puso.
W H E E L , n. guldng.—v. umikot. WTH OLE S A L E , n. pakyawan, pak-
W H E N , adv. kaildn. ydw.
W H E N C E , adv. sa andng dahildn. WHOM, pron. to w., kanino.
W H E N E V E R , adv. kailanmdn at, W H O S E , pron. kanino, nino.
kailanmd't. W H Y , adv. bakii.
W H E R E , adv. sadn. WICK, n. mitsd, Sp.
W H E R E A S , conj. ydyamang. W I C K E D , adj. evil, masamd; im-
WHEREFORE, adv. (relative moral, mahalay; sinful, maka-
use) sa anong dahildn; (inter- salanan.
rogative use) bakit. W I D E , adj. maluwdng.
WHEREIN, adv. (interrogative W I D E N , v. paluwangin; to broad-
use) sadn. en, palaparin.
WHEREVER, adv. saanmdn. W I D E S P R E A D , adj. kaldt, laga-
WHET, v. to sharpen (as a knife), nap.
ihasa, maghasd. WIDOW, WIDOWER, n. balo;
WHETHER, conj. kung. bao.
W H E T S T O N E , n. hasadn. W I D T H , "n. luwdng; breadth, la-
WHEY, n. patis ng gatas. pad.
WHICH, pron-adj. alin. W I F E , n. asawa (asawang ba-
WHICHEVER, pron. alinmdn. bae).
WHILE, conj. habang, samanta- WIG, n. peluka, Sp.
la. W I L D , adj. maildp; uncultivated,
WHINE, v. dumaing. ligdw; savage, labuyo. — W.
WHIP, n. Idtikd, Sp. boar, baboy-ramd.—w. cat, ala-
WHIR, v. umugong, humiging.— mid.
n. ugong, higing. WILL, n. kaloobdn; command,
WHIRL, v. umikot, uminog. utos.
WHIRLPOOL, n. puyo, ng tubig. WILT, v. malantd.
WHIRLWIND, n. ipuipo. WILY, adj. mahibo; magdarayd.
WHISKER, n. bigote, Sp. W I N , v. manalo.
WHISKY, n. wiski, Eng. W I N D , n. current of air, hangin.
WHISPER, n. buldng.—v. bumu- W I N D , v. to twist round and
long; (to) bulungdn. round something, magpulon, pu-
WHISTLE, v. sumipol; (at) si lunin.
Window 142 Wrist
W I N D O W , n. bintana, S p . ; Mru~ W O E F U L , adj. namimighati.
ngawdn. WOMAN, n. babae.
W I N D S H I E L D , n. panal6ng-ha-WOMANHOOD, n. pagka-babae.
ngin. WOMANISH, adj. parang babae.
W I N D Y , adj. mahangin. WOMANKIND, n. kababaihan.
W I N E , n. alak. WOMB, n. uterus, bahaybatd; 6a-
W I N G , n. pakpdk. haytao.
W I N K , v. kuminddt, kumurdp, ku-
W O N D E R , n. pagtatakd.—v. mag-
misdp. takd, pagtakhdn.
WINSOME, adj. kahali-halina. W O N D E R F U L , adj. katakd-takd;
W I N T E R , n.-adj. taglamig; tag-
kahanga-hanga.
gindto. WOO, v. manligaw, mangibig. .
W I P E , v. magpunas, punasan. WOOD, n. kahoy.
W I R E , n. kawad. WOODLAND, n. kakahuyan.
WISDOM, n. kaataman; knowl-
WOOL, n. lana, Sp.
edge, karunungan. WORD, n. salitd.
W I S E , adj. maaiam; knowing, ma- W O R K , n. gdwain; trabaho, Sp.—
runong, v. gwmawd; magtrabaho, Sp.
W I S H , v. naisin, nasain. W O R K M A N , n. manggagawd; tra~
W I S H F U L , a d j . mapagnais, ma-bahador, Sp.
pagnasa. WORKSHOP, n. gdwaan.
W I S T F U L , adj. paldisip. W O R L D , n. daigdig; mundo, Sp.
W I T , n. katalasan. WORM, n. bulati.
W I T C H , WIZARD, n. mangkuku-WORN-OUT, adj. sird, gibd; tired
lam, manggagaway. out, pagod.
W I T H , prep, sa, (However, there WORSE, adj. (comparative) la-
are numerous cases in which long masamd.
"with" is not translated, the W O R S H I P , v. sumambd, samba-
meaning being included in a hin; mamintuho, pintuhuin.
word or in the context.) WORST, adj. (superlative) kdsa-
W I T H D R A W A L , v. to retire, umu- md-samaan; ndpakasamd.
rong; umalis; take back ( a s mo- WORTH, n. value, halagd; merit
n e y deposited in a bank) kumu-
kagdlingan.
ha.
W O U N D , n. sugat.
W I T H E R , v. malantd.
W I T H E R E D , adj. lanta. W O U N D E D , a d j . nasugatan; may
W I T H I N , adv. sa loob.—prep, sugat.
sa
loob ng. WRANGLE, v. magtaltalan.
W I T H O U T , adv. sa lab as.—prep., W R A P , v. balutin.—n. cloak, bala-
not prep, but adv. in Tagalog; bal.
. lacking, wald. W R A P P E R , n. pambalot.
WITHSTAND, V. mattis; to re- WRATH, n. galit.
sist, mapaglabanan. W R E N C H , v. pilipitin.
W I T L E S S , a d j . tangd, hangdl. W R E S T , v. agawin.
W I T N E S S , n. saksL—v. sumaksi. W R E S T L E , v. magbuno.
W O E , n. pigkatL W R I N K L E , n. kulubdt.
W r OEBEGONE, adj. lungkot na W R I S T , n. galanggalangdn; pu-
lung hot. pulsuhan, Sp.
Write 143 Zoom
WRITE, v. sumulat, sulatiru WRONG, adj. malt; lisyd; incor-
WRITER, n. mdnunulat. rect, di-wasto.
WRITHE, v. mamilipit.

X
X-RAY, n. eks-ray, Eng. XYLOPHONE, n. silopdn, Eng.
XYLOGRAPH, n. ukit sa kahoy. XYSTER, n. pangayod.
XYLOID, adj. parang kahoy.

Y
YACHT, n: batil, Sp.; yate, Sp. YET, adv. pa.
YAM, n. (Bot.) tugi; lamt YIELD, v. to produce, as fruit,
YAP, n. tahdl, kahdi; yapydp. bumimga, magbunga; assent,
YORD, n. yarda, Sp. pumayag; surrender, sumuko*
YARN, n. estambre, Sp. YOKE, n. pamatok.
YAWN, n. hikdb.—v. humikdb, YOLK, n. puld ng itldg, burok.
maghik&b. YONDER, adj. iydn, yadn.—adv.
YEAR, n. tadn. doon.
YEARLY, adj. santdunan.—adv. YOU, pron. (sing., prepositive)
once a year, minsan isdng taon; ikdw, (postpositive) ka; (pi.
every year, tatin-tadn. and honorific) kayd.
YEARN, n. magnais; maghangdd. YOUNG, adj. batd.
YELL, n. hiydw, sigdw.—v. hu- YOUNGSTER, n. batd.
miydWy sumigdw; (at someone) YOUR, pron. (sing., prepositive)
hiyawdn, sigawdn. iy°t (postpositive) mo; (pi.,
YELLOW, n. dildw, marildw, prepositive) inyd, (postpositive)
amarilyo, Sp.; (fig.) coward, ninyo.
duwdg. YOURS, pron. (sing.) iyd; ,(pl.)
YELLOWISH, adj. madildw-di- inyd.
Idw.
YES, adv. oo. YOUTH, n. kabataan.
YESTERDAY, adv. kahapon. YULE, YULETIDE, n. paskd,
kapaskuhdn.
z
ZEAL, n. sigld, sigyd; sikap. ZIGZAG, n. sigsag, Eng. — adj.
ZEALOUS, adj. masigld, masig- pakilu-kilo.
yd; masikap. ZINC, n. siin, sim, Sp.
SENITH, n. the greatest height,
ZITHER, n. sitard, Sp.; kudyapi.
kditaasan; summit, taluktdk.
ZERO, n. sero, Sp.; nothing, wa- ZONE, n. sona, Sp.
Id. ZOO, n. paldhayupan.
ZEST, n. spicy flavor, linamndm; ZOOLOGY, n. soolohiya, Sp.
keen enjoyment, las dp. ZOOM, v. sumibad.
 APPENDIX A

U S E F U L TERMINOLOGIES
1. W E I G H T S , M E A S U R E S , A N D S T A N D A R D S
A . Length- Haba.
Kilometer, kilometro, Sp.
Meter, metro, Sp.
Decimeter, dcsimetro, Sp.
Centimeter, sentimetro, Sp.
Millimeter, milimetro, Sp.
Mile, milya, Sp.
Y a r d , yarda, Sp.
Foot, talampakan
Inch, dali
B . Surface. Pangibabaw. (Lawak, laki, lapad\
Square kilometer, kilometrong parisukdt.
H e c t a r e , ektarya, Sp.
A r e , arya, Sp.
Centare, sentarya, Sp.
Square centimeter, sentimetrong parisukqt.
Liter, litro, Sp.
Cubic meter, metro kubiko, S p .
Cubic centimeter, sentimetro kubiko, S p .
C. Weight. Bigdi.
Ton, tunelada, Sp.
Quintal, kintal, Sp.
Kilogram, kilo, Sp.
Gram, gramq, Sp.
Centigram, sentigramo, Sp.
Milligram, miligramo, Sp.
Pound, libra, Sp.
Ounce, onsa, Sp.
D r a m , drakma, Sp.
Grain, grano, S p . ; &wft7.
D . Time Measure. Tagdl ng Panahon.
Second, segundo, Sp.; saglit, sandali.
Minute, minuto, Sp.
H o u r , oras, Sp.
Day, araw.
Week, ling go.
Month, buwdn.
Year, taoyi.
Century, dantaon.
145
 146

2. MONETARY UNITS
P 0.01, one centavo, isdng pera; isdng sSntimds.
0.05, five centavos, a nickel, wal&ng-kuwarta (in Batangas, isdng
bagdl); singko.
0.10, ten centavos, labing-anim na kuarta; diyis.
0.15 fifteen centavos, saikapat-apat; kinse.
0.20, twenty centavos, isdng piseta; beinte (in Batangas, isang
bilydn).
0.25, twenty-five centavos, kahatl.
0.30, thirty centavos, kahati't-walS.
0.35, thirty-five centavos, kahati't-labing-anim.
0.50, fifty centavos, isdng salapi.
0.60, sixty centavos, tatl&ng piseta.
0.75, seventy-five centavos, anim na saikapat,
0.80, eighty centavos, apat na piseta.
1.00, one peso, piso.
1.10, one peso and ten centavos, piso't labing-anim na kuwarta.
1.20, one peso and twenty centavos, anim na piseta.
1.25, one peso and twenty-five centavos, sampling saikapaU
1.50, one peso and fifty centavos, tatldng salapi.
2.00 two pesos, dalawdng piso.
2.50, two pesos and fifty centavos, limdng salapi.
3.00, three pesos, tatl&ng piso.
3.50, three pesos and fifty centavos, pitdng salapi.
10.00, ten pesos, sampung piso.
100.00, one hundred pesos, sandadng piso.
3. NUMERATION
1—isd.
2—dalawd, dalwd-
Z—tatl6.
4—apat.
5—limd.
&—anim.
7—pitd.
8—wal6.
9—siydm.
10—sampd.
11—labing-isd.
12—labindalawd, labindalwd.
13—labintatld.
14—labing-apat.
15—labinlimd.
16—labing-anim.
17—labimpitd.
18—labingwald
19—labinsiydm.
 147

20—dalawampiL
21—dalawamp&'t isd.
30—tatlumpH.
40—dpatnapfi.
50—limampu.
100—sandadn,
101—sandad't isd.
110—sandad't sampil.
200—daldwandadn.
1,000—sanlibo.
10,000—sanlaksd; sampling libo.
100,000—sangyuta; sandadng libo.
1,000,000—sang angaw.
1,000,000,000—sanlibong angaw.
1,000,000,000,000—sang-angaw na angaw.
4 NUMERICAL DISTRIBUTION
One for each, tigisa.
Two for each, ttgalawd.
Three for each, tigatld.
Four for each, tigapat.
Five for each, tiglilimd.
Six for each, tiganim.
Seven for each, tigpipito.
Eight for each, tigwawalo.
Nine for each, tigsisiydm.
Ten for each, tigsasampfi.
Eleven for each, tiglalabing-isd.
Twenty for each, tigdadalawampil.
A hundred for each, tigisang dddn.
Two hundred for each, tigalawang dadn.
A thousand for each, tigisang libo; manlibo.
5. MONETARY DISTRIBUTION
One centavo each, mamera.
Two centavos each, tigalawang pera.
Five centavos each, tigwawaldng-kuwarta (in Batangas, mainbfv-
gdl); tigsisingko.
Ten centavos each, tiglalabing-anim na kuwarta; tigdidiySs.
Twenty centavos each, mamiseta; (in Batangas, mambilydn); tigbe-
beinte.
Twenty-five centavos each, mangahatl.
Fifty centavos each, manalapi; tig-sisingkuwenta,
One peso each, mamiso.
6. N U M E R I C A L ORDER
First, una.
Second, ikalawd; pangalawd. (Ika-2).
 148

Third, ikatlo; pangatlo. (Ika-8).

Fourth, ikapat; pang-apat. (Ika-4).
Fifth, ikalimd; panlimd. (Ika-5).
Sixth, ikanim, ikaanim. (Ika-6).
Seventh, ikapito. (Ika-7).
Eighth, ikawalo. (Ika-8).
N i n t h , ikasiydm. (Ika-9)i
Tenth, ikasampu. (Ika-10).
7. DIRECTIONS
North, hilaga.
Northeast, hilagang-silangan.
Northwest, hilagang-kanluran.
South, timog.
Southeast, tirrCog-silangan.
Southwest, timog-kanluran.
East, silangan.
West, kanluran.
Northward, pahilaga.
Southward, patimog.
Eastward, pasilangdn.
Westward, pakanlurdn.
8. D A Y S A N D MONTHS
A. Days of the week. Mga araw ng linggd.
Monday, Lunes, Sp.
Tuesday, Martes, Sp.
Wednesday, Miytrkules, Sp.
Thursday, Huwebes, Sp.
Friday, Biyernes, Sp.
Saturday, Sdbado, Sp.
Sunday, Linggd.
B. Months of the year. Mga buwdn ng taon.
January, Enero, Sp.
February, Pebrero, Sp.
March, Marso, Sp.
April, Abrily Sp.
May, Mayo, Sp.
June, Hunyo, Sp.
July, Hulyo, Sp.
August, Agosto, Sp.
September, Setyembre, Sp.
October, Oktubre, Sp.
November, Nobyembre, Sp.
December, Disyembre, Sp.
 APPENDIX B

COMMON AFFIXES
Simple Rules for Affixiation
The student should bear in mind that a great wealth of vocabulary
can be within easy reach if he or she understands the meaning of the
affixes and masters the rules for affixiation.
1. Prefixing,—The general rule for prefixing is simply place a
prefix before a root-word.—tagrabundok, motao, mafokanin, paid-
biro.
a. If a prefix ends in a consonant and the root-word to be attached
begins with a vowel, requiring a slight pause in pronuncia-
tion between, a hyphen should be used.—pagr-asa, ma^-aral,
manflr-abala, ta^-ulan. Exceptions are in prefixes ending in
-ng in which the pronunciation of -ng is combined with the
initial vowel of the root: pangaral, mangibig, pangulo, etc.

b. Root-words that begin with a capital letter require a hyphen

when a prefix is.attached to them.—mafca-Pilipino, tagd-Ba-
tangan, pangr-Pask6.
c. Prefixes ending in -ng are governed by the following rules:
(1) The -ng ending is retained before root-words whose ini-
tial letters are the vowels a, e, i, o, uf and the con-
sonants, k, g, h, m, n, ng, w, and y.—pang-aso, mang-
ipit, pan^gamot, wian^harang, pangrmarami, pan^nani-
nam, pangrngalan, pan^rwakas, wan^yari. NOTE: The
consonant k of the root-word disappears: pang+kuhit,
panguhit; mang -f-kalat, mangaXat.
(2) The -ng ending becomes -w before root-words that begin
with d, I, r, s, and t.—Mandurukot, magr&anluluhod,
panrigalo, sansinukob, santinakpan. — Sometimes the
initial s or t disappears: pansulat- (panulat); wiantahi
(man&hi).
2. Infixing.—There are really only two infixes,—urn-, and -in-.
Both are usually inserted after the first consonant of the root-word.
—tumawa, sinaing. NOTE: In certain verbs the infix ni is used
after the prefix t-, irahabol.

149 .
 150

3. Suffixing. — There are two sets of suffixes.—an, -in and -han,

•hin.
a. -AN and -IN are suffixed to root-words that end in consonants
and the glottal vowel.—Balutaw, hulaan, bilangwi, batim.

©. -HAN and -HIN are suffixed to root-words that end in the

liquid vowel.—Samaftan, ubuhin.
c. The following are irregular forms of suffixiation:
(1) The use of -nan or -nin instead of -han or -hin after
certain words that end in a liquid vowel: tawanan
(instead of tawafcan); kuwin, from kuharmt (instead
of kuh&hin).
(2) The omission of a vowel or a syllable of the root-word
upon taking a suffix. — alsdn (from alisdn), dakpin
(from dakiptn), dalhdn (from dala/idn) hipan (from
hihipan), alalahanin (from alaala/mt), halinhdn (from
halilihan), kilanlin (from kilala/mt or kilalamn).

COMMON AFFIXIAL MEANING

I. FOR NOUNS

1. —AN, —HAN.
a. Place where many or much of what is mentioned by the
root-word is found. Aklatan, library; palayan, rice-field.
6. Place where the action mentioned in the root-word is done.
GApitan, barber-shop; tdhian, tailoring shop.
c. Season for certain acts. Pasukdn, school season; anihdn,
harvest season.
d. Utility, apparatus, or instrument. Sulatdn, desk; orasdn,
clock.
e. Source of aid in time of need. Dulugan, person to whom
one goes when in need; hiraman, person or place where
one borrows.
/. Exchange, reciprocity, or simultaneousness of actions.
Abuluydn, mutual aid; tangkilikdn, mutual support; dig-
Tnaan, warfare.
 151

2. —IN, —HIN„
a. As prefix and infix: an action accomplished or something
that passed through the process mentioned in the root.
Inakdy, birdlings; inihaw, roasted piece; binata, bachelor,
unmarried man; tinapay, bread; tinapd, smoked fish or
meat.
6. As suffix: more as an adjective than as a noun, but there
are some used as nouns meaning: common occurrence.
common usage for a thing or action mentioned by the
root. Inahin, hen; inumin, drinking water; panauhin.
guest; simulain, principle; s&liranin, problem; tuntunin,
rule, regulation.

3. KA..AN, KA..HAN.
a. Gives the abstractness of the idea of the root. Kamdtayan,
death; kabutihan, goodness; kasamadn, evilness.
b. Collectiveness. Katagalugan, Tagalog region; kabisayaan,
Visayan region; kailukuhan, Ilocos region; kapuludn,
archipelago.
c. Currency, frequency or intensity of an act or occurrence.
Kasagsatin, peak of abundance; kasasaldn, high inten-
sity; katanghalian, high noon; kabilugan, full roundness.
d. Centricity of a place or extremity of a distance. Kabaya-
nan, downtown; kalunuran, far west; kalautan, far at
sea; kaduluhan, extremity.
e. Maturity, fulness, limitation, surplus. Kabuwandn, month
of maturity; kaarawdn, day of fulfillment, anniversary;
kapupundn, completion; kasapatdn, sufficiency.
/. Obligation, authority, or place where such obligation or
authority is done or applied. Katungkulan, duty; kara-
patdriy right; kapangyarihan, authority; kdgawardn, de-
partment; kdwanihdn, bureau.
g. Exchange, reciprocity, and also alternation or contest in
sound or noise. Kdsunduan, accord; kdibigdn, mutual
consent; kdingaydn, collective tumult; k&galitdn, mutual
quarrel.

4. MAG—.
a. When added to a simple noun: relation, companionship, and
referring to only two. Mag-ind, mother and child; mag-
 152

asawa, husband and w i f e ; magpanginoon, master and

servant.
6. When prefixed to a root whose first syllable is reduplicated:
occupation. Magbibigds, rice dealer; magsasaka, farmer;
magnanakaw, thief; magsasabong, cockpit habitue.
c. Many Filipino surnames use this prefix. Magbitang, Mag-
payo, Magpantdy, Magsaliny Magsaysdy.
5. M A N G — , MAM—, M A N — . (Similar in usage to 4. b.)

6. P A — . (This prefix is also for verbs and adverbs.)

a. Utility. Pangalan, name; pamagdt, title; palayaw, nick-
name; patibong, snare; pataba, fertilizer; paliwanag, ex-
planation; paunawa, notice; patunog, whistle, noise-
maker.

b. Something ordered, asked to be done, or paid for. Pabili.

w h a t is asked to be bought; padald, something sent to
someone else; pahatid, message; pamana, inheritance giv-
e n ; patahiy something ordered to be sewn; pautang, credit
or loan granted.
c. Advertisement or application of a thought, rule, decision,
or policy. Pahayag, proclamation; palakad, policy; pala-
gdy, thought, opinion; panahon, time, season; panata,
v o w ; paradn, method, device; parusa, punishment, sen-
tence.
d. When prefixed to compound words: figurative meaning.
Pakitang-gilas, act of showing-off; pakitang-loobt gen-
erosity shown, palipdd-hangin, bluff.

7. P A . . A N , P A . . H A N .
•
a. Place or building where something is done. Pdaraldn,
school; pdgawaan, factory; pdlamigan, refrigerator, re-
freshment parlor; pdlaruan, gymnasium, athletic field;
pdrusahdn, penal district, pdminggalan, cupboard.
6. Full exchange or simultaneous action. Pdalaman, farewells;
pdtawardn, mutual forgiving; pdsunuran, mutual obedi-
ence; pdmilihan, market (place where people buy at the
same t i m e ) , pdnakbuhan, act of running away simulta-
neously.
c. Place where some specialized knowledge is applied. Pdgcb-
mutan, infirmary, hospital; pdlimbagan, printing shop;
pdgandahan, beauty shop; pdkulutan, hair-dressing shop.
 153

d. Name of the result of an act. Pdkayagdn, newspaper; pd-

mahaladn, government; pdngasiwadn, administration; pa-
nagimpdn, dream; panalunan, winnings.

g# PAG—. (This is the most common prefix for nouns. It forms a

verbal noun, i. e. it is derived from verbs.)

a. If from an UM or MA verb, it is attached to the root and

means: "act of." Pag-alis, departure; pagkuha, act of
getting; pagdating, arrival; pagtulong, act of aiding;
pagbasa, act of reading.
6. If from a MAG verb, the first syllable of the root is re-
duplicated. Pagtuturo, act of teaching; pag-iisip, act of
thinking.

9. P A G . . A N , P A G . . H A N . (With the first syllable of the root

reduplicated.)
a. Exchange, reciprocity, mutuality. Pag-iibigan, mutual lov-
ing; pag-uutangan, mutual borrowing (of money or
favor) ; pagdirigmaan, battling.
6. Vying, surpassing, or contest. (Pa or ma, reduplicated, is
added to the prefix.) Pagpapdgandahan, vying in beauty;
pagmamdliksihan, vying in quickness.
c. Simultaneousness or abundance. Pag-adnihan, harvesting all
together; pagbubulaklakan, profuse blooming.
d. Imitation, simulation. (With reduplication, not only of the
first syllable of the root, but also of the whole root.)
Pag-iind-inahan, acting like a mother, playing mother;
pagbabahdy-bahayan, playing house.

10. PAGKA—.

a. Abstractness, naturalness, beingness. ( U s e s a hyphen after

it.) Pagka-bathala, godhood; pagka-taoy humanness; pag-
ka-hari; kingship; pagka-babae, womanhood.

b. Action happening to self involuntarily. Pagkaabala, delay;

pagkaawd, pity; pagkalantd, withering.
c. Manner, cause or condition of an occurrence. (Reduplicates
the KA.) Pagkakaawit, manner of having s u n g ; pagkakd-
patdy, manner of having killed (been killed).
d. Condition of having. (Originates from the verb M A G K A —
 154

and reduplicate KA.) Pagkakabulakldk, condition of

having flowers; pagkakadamit, condition of having cloth-
es; pagkakaroon, condition of having.
e. If used with pag (PAGKAPAG): reason for.—If with fur-
ther reduplication of ka (PAGKAKAPAG): manner of.
Pagkdpag-asawa, reason for having married. Pagkakd-
pagasawa, manner of having married.

11. PANG—, PAM—, PAN—. (This is properly a prefix for ad-

jectives, although the same form is used as nouns.)
a. Instrument, apparatus, utility. Panggabi, adj. for evening;
pambansd, adj. national; n. something that concerns the
nation; pangulay, adj. coloring; n. dye.
6. Referring to the application of a thing. Pandinig, organ of
hearing; pantukoy, article; pang-uri, adjective; pandiwd,
verb; panghalip, pronoun.
c. Act of. (From the verbs MANG—, MAM— or MAN—,
with the first syllable of the root reduplicated.) Pangga-
gamot, act of curing; panghihingi, act of asking; pami-
mitagan, act of respect, reverence.

12. P A L A . . A N , P A L A . . H A N .
a. Place or instrument commonly used as basis, or used in
putting, caring, or applying something. Paldbabahdn,
window-sill; paldrindingan, wall-support; paldisdaan,
fish-pond.
6. Method, custom, or problem. Paldtandaan, distinguishing
mark; paldsumpaan, form for oath; pdlabunutdny method
of electing by pulling sticks of different lengths; paid-
bugtungan, riddles.
e. Art or collection of rules for analysis or study. Paldtiti-
kan, orthography; paldbaybayan, rules in spelling; pald-
gitlingan, hyphenation; paldbantasan, punctuation.

13. SANG—, SAM—, SAN—.

a. Oneness. Sandali, a second; sanlinggo, a week.
b. With -an. Oneness, wholeness, completeness. Sambayandn,
whole town; sambahaydn, whole household; sanlibntdn,
whole universe; sandaigdigan, whole world.
c. With ka— and —an. Whole expanse, allness. Sangkalangi-
 165

tarty all heaven; sangkalupadn, all earth; sangkatauhan,

all humanity.

14. TAG—.
a. Season, period, epidemic. Tag-uldn, rainy season; taggindw,
cold season; taggutom, famine; tagkolera, cholera epi-
demic.
b. With -an or -han. Season, period of action or occur-
rence. Tagtdniman, planting, season; taghdlalan, elec-
tion time.

15. TAGA—.
a. Native of, resident of. Taga-Batangan, native of Batangas;
taga-Sebu, native of Cebu.
b. Person having the duty of. Like tagapag.—Tagaluto, cook;
tagalinis, cleaner; tagaalagd, carer; tagalimbdg, printer.
16. TALA..AN, TALA..HAN. List of. Taldaklatan, catalog of
books; taldarawan, calendar; taldtinigan, dictionary; taldawi-
tan, songbook; taldbansahan, list of nations.
II. FOR ADJECTIVES
1. MA—. Having, possessing. (Often: having much). Magandd,
beautiful; matao, crowded; mabundok, mountainous; mabulak-
Idk, flowery; matabd, fat.

2. MAKA—.
a. Inclined, supporting. Makatao, humanitarian; makabayan,
patriot; makabago, modern. Maka-Rizal, pro-Rizal; ma-
ka~Quezon, pro-Quezon.
6. Able to cause or do, possible to happen. (Prefixed to com-
pound words). Makabasag-bungo, skull-breaking; maka-
durog-puso, heart-rending.
3. MALA—. Seeming, apparently, almost like. Malalangit, heaven-
like; malasarili, almost autonomous; malakanin, ricelike; wa-
la&utld, silklike.
4. MAPAG—. Always, customarily, having the habit of. Mapag-
libot, wandering; mapagsalitd, talkative; mapagbiro, always
joking; mapagtamdd, customarily lazy; mapagbandl, always
saintly.
 156

5. MAPANG—, M A P A M - , MAPAN—. (Like MAPAG—, except

that MAPANG—is more objective.) Mapang-abala, bother-
some; mapamihag, captivating; mapanird, destructive.
6. PALA—. (Like MAPAG—.) Paldf>ir6, mapagbird, always jok-
ing; paldsabi, mapagsabi, always telling.
7. PANG—, PAM—, PAN—, Instrument, use, or intention.
a. Instrument: Pang-halo, for mixing; pambilang, for count-
ing; pansulat, for writing.
6. Use: panggatong, for fuel; pamunddk, for mountain use;
pang-alls, for taking out something.
c. Intention: pang-akin, for myself; panlahdt, for all; pam-
bayan, municipal.
8. —AN, —HAN.
a. Oversize or excess in number. Bibigdn, big-mouthed; butu-
hdn, bony; sungaydn, horny.
b. Full of, having. Pulahdn, very reddish; putikdn, very mud-
dy; dugudn, very bloody.
9. —IN, —HIN. (Sometimes infix, often suffix.) (Compare with
—IN, —HIN for nouns.)
a. Cut, style, class, or kind. (Infix.) Binalimbing, made into
the shape of a balimbing fruit; sinampalok, tamarindlike;
sinampaga, kind of rice.
6. Proneness to a disease or characteristic. LantahMi, easily
withered; sipuytin, easily affected by colds; gdlingin,
having a lucky streak; s&gatin, always having wounds,
easily wounded.
c. Quality or characteristic. Bdligtarin, can be turned inside-
out; pitasin, can be easily picked.
d. Quantity or amount. (With reduplication of first of root.)
Pipisuhin, of one-peso denomination; sasampuin, of ten-
peso denomination.
e. Source, origin (directional). (Similar to taga— in nouns.)
Silangttnin, from (of) the east; kanluranin, from (of)
the west.
10. MA.. IN, MA.. HIN. (Like MAPAG—, and PAL A.) Masinta-
hin, loving, tender; maramdamin, sensitive; masxinurin, habit-
ually obedient; mahiyain, habitually shy.
 157

11. PA..IN, PA..HIN. What is to be done or given, or needed to

be done or given. Pdlamuning baboy; pig that must be fed;
pdtabaing manok, chicken to be fattened; pdgdlinging sakit,
sickness to be cured.

III. FOR VERBS

1. UM. As prefix before roots that begin with a vowel, and infix
inserted after the first consonant of roots that begin with a
consonant. UM verbs commonly express inner motion.
a. Impersonal acts; acts of nature; self-change through time
or care of man. Lumindol, the earth to quake; bumagyo,
to storm; umuldn, to rain; kumidldt, the lightning to
flash; humangin, the wind to blow. Tumubd, to grow;
sumilang, to shine; sumibol, to spring up. Pumuti, to
become white; dumami, to multiply; tumabd, to become fat;
pumaydt, to become thin. Tumapang, to become brave;
bumuti, to improve.
b. Acts of parts of the body, will, the intellect, the soul, or
the emotion. Tumango, to nod; umiling, to shake the
head; tumingin, to look; tumawa, to laugh; lumuhod, to
kneel; kumain, to eat; uminom, to drink. Umisip, to
think; dumamddm, to feel; umabuloy, to succor; umibig,
to love; umasa, to hope.
c. Acts of taking a part from the whole. Humiwa, to cut a
slice; pumitds, to pick; humirdm, to borrow; tumawad,
to ask for a discount; humati, to take half.
d. Acts of going towards or away from a place. Pumakanan,
to turn to the right; pumakaliwd, to turn to the left; pu-
magitna, to go to the center; sumalangit, to go to heaven;
tumabi, to come near; umalis, to go away.

2. MAG—. In general: to do, perform, or accomplish acts of think-

ing, feeling, and willing, and involving external motion. Mag-
say awy to dance; magluto, to cook; mag-aral, to study; magbi-
gdy, to give; magsanay, to practice; magmahdl, to hold dear,
esteem highly; magsundalo, to perform the function of a sol-
dier; maghangdd, to aspire.
a. MAG..AN, MAG..HAN. Indicates reciprocity, mutuality,
and simultaneousness of action. Magpdlitan, to exchange;
 158

magdamaydn, to succor each other; magsdyawan, to dance

simultaneously.
6. MAGKA—. To have, to come to possess. Magkabahay, to
have a house; magkaasawa, to have a husband ( w i f e ) ;
magkatinapay, to have bread'; magkapanahoyi, to have
time.
c. MAGMA—. (The additional MA— is the start of an ad-
jective.) To act/ as if possessing the quality expressed.
Magmabuti, to appear as good; magmagandd, to make
oneself look beautiful.
d. MAGPA—. (This is MAG— plus a P A noun.) To order
something done. Magpabili, to order (something) bought;
magpasabi, to send a message; magpatindd, to have
(something) offered for sale.
e. M A G P A K A — . To exert effort to become. Magpakabuti, to
try hard to be good; magpakalagot, to insist on doing
something or continuing in some act or condition.
/ . MAGPATI—-. To do something voluntarily, due to despon-
dency or force of circumstances. Magpatiwakdl, to com-
mit suicide; magpatihulog, to let oneself fall; magpati-
buhat, to start from a certain place.
g. M A G S A — . To imitate, simulate the characteristic or qual-
ities of another person, a situation, or an animal. Mag-
sapariy to act like or imitate a priest; magsamayroon,
to act like one who h a s ; magsapagong, to pretend to like
the contrary of what one wants to happen.
h. MAGSI—. (Plural or collective form of MAG verbs.) Mag-
sialis, to depart in company or at the same time; magsi-
sama, to join the company, go with, in a group.
3. MA—. In general: to be able to do or perform an act, or
something to happen without the volition of the doer or the
person affected. Makuha, to be able to get; mdkuha, to hap-
pen to get.
a. The other affixial derivatives of MA— which carry more
or less the same significance to their roots are:—
M a . . an Mdalaman, to be able to learn of.
Mai—. Mdilabds, to be able to take out.
Maipa—. Mdipabasa, to be able to have someone read.
 159,

Maipag—. Mdipagbili, to be able to sell.

Maka.— Makaalis, to be able to go away.
Makapag—. Makapagbihis, to be able to change the
dress.
Makapang—. Makapandaya, to be able to cheat.
Mapa—. Mapadulds, to be able to make (a thing)
slippery.

6. But MAKI— and, MAKIPAG— verbs generally mean to

join, ask a favor, or perform an act together with others.
Makiusap, to ask a favor; makisama, to join others;
makiawit, to join in the singing; makiraan, to ask permis-
sion to pass; makipag-awit, to sing with the others; ma-
kipag-away, to quarrel with others.

4. MANG—, and its pHral and collective form MANGAG— (and

derivatives) generally mean, like MAG— verbs, —to perform
acts of external motion. In MANG— the receivers of "the ac-
tion are more indefinite or greater in number. Mangharang,
to hold up; mambatak, to pull (or influence) other people;
manulat, to write (producing literature for public consump-
tion). Mangag-aral, to study (collectively); mangagsipanalo,
to win together or collectively; mangagsipuntd, to go together
or in groups or simultaneously; mangagsipagpakuha, to ask
or order something to be taken (collective asking or ordering).

5. —AN, —HAN. To perform the act, build or make the thing,

effect the quality, expressed by the root, on a person, animal,
or thing. Tawagan, to call; bambangdn, to put a ditch; lambu-
tdnt to soften; pintasdn, to find faults.

6. I-—. (Prefix for passive verbs, as —an and —in are suffixes
for passive verbs.)

a. In general: to use a thing according to the act called for.

(In this sense, a function of IPAG— and I PANG— is
similar.) Isulat (ang pluma), to use (the pen) for writ-
ing; itangldw {ang plaslait), to use the flashlight to
illuminate with; ipunas (ang basahan), to use the r u g to
wipe with. Ipagtangldw, ipantangldw; ipagsulat, ipanu-
lat, ipagpunas, ipamunas.

b. The same form of /— and Ipag— (not Ipang—) may be

used to mean to do for someone else. Isulat uio ako.
 160

You write for me. Ipagsuldt mo akd. Itangldw mo si Juan.

You light (a candle) for Juan. Ipagtangldw mo siyd so,
prusisyon. Light a candle for him in the procession, lpu-
nasy ipagpunas, to do the wiping for (someone).

c. To perform the act expressed by the root on or for the

subject of the verb. Isabit and sumbrero, to hang the hat.
Ilaga ang mandk, to boil the chicken. Ipukdl ang baio, to
throw the stone. Itulak ang bangkd, to push the boat.
Iligtds ang maysakit, to save the patient. Ilihim ang ka-
totdhanan, to hide the truth. Ihaydg ang lihimt to expose
the secret. Isangld ang sing sing, to pawn the ring. Ibili
ng 8apatos ang batd, to buy shoes for the child.

7. IKA—. To be the reason for a condition or an act. Ikabuti, to be

the reason for the well-being; ikasamd, to be the cause for (a
thing) being or become-bad or worse; ikaalis> to be the reason
for departure; ik&tiwal&g, to be the reason for having been
dismissed (from a job).

8. —IN, —HIN.
a. To perform the act expressed by the root on the subject
of the verb. Aklatln ang mga papel, to bind the papers
into book form. Lagariin ang kahoy, to saw the wood.
Suklayin ang buhdk, to comb the hair. Ibigin ang kapwd
mo tao, love your fellow men. Ayusin ang silid, to put
the room in order.
6. To happen to the subject. Either there is no doer of action
or the agent is an act of nature or something beyond
the control of the subject. To suffer from a disease, to
be lucky, or unlucky, etc., are the denotations included
in this meaning of—IN verbs. Lagnatin, to suffer from
fever; galingin, to become lucky; samain, to become un-
lucky; palarin, to become fortunate.

9. IPA—. To order, request, that something be done by someone

else. Ipagawd, to have (something) made or repaired; ipabili,
to have (something) bought; ipakuha, to order someone else
to get (something).
a. The action that is done for someone else is expressed by
IPAG—. (See 66).
 161

6. The definite impression of request is given by IPAKI—

and IPAKIPA—. Ipakiabdt mo ngd ang akldt sa akin.
Please hand me the book. Ipakisama ngd niny* ang aking
sulat. Please include my letter. Ipakipabilin mo ngd ang
kapatid ko. Please have someone send for my brother
(sister).,

10. ISA—. To accomplish, put into effect; or translate into another

language. Isagawa, to accomplish; isauli, to return; isaayos,
to put in order; isa-Tagalog, to translate into Tagalog; isa-Ing-
lis, to translate into English.

11. KA..AN, KA..HAN. This is of the —AN family and gives

the same general meaning. More particularly, however,
KA..AN expresses an act of the feelings, the will, or the
mind, on the subject of the verb. Kalimutan ang nakaraan,
to forget the past. Kagalitan ang alila, to scold the servant.

12. PA..AN, PA..HAN. To have (something) done on or for the

subject of the verb. PaUtgydn ng uhalis ang barb, to have
buttonholes put in the dress. (Pauhalisan ang bard.) Paali-
sdn ang dumi ang kdhdn, to have the dirt taken out of the box.
Palagydn ng asin ang karnS, to have salt put on the meat.
(Paasindn ang karne, to have the meat salted.)

13. PA..IN, PA..HIN.

a. To cause something to happen or to be done to the subject
of the verb. Palinisin ang sahig, to make the floor clean.
Patulinin ang takbo, to accelerate the speed. Pakintabin
ang sapatos, to make the shoes shinv.
6. To cause or permit the subject of the verb to perform the
act expressed by the root. Paiyakin ang sangg61, to
cause the baby to cry. Pasayamin ang panauhin, to make
the guests dance. Paraanin ang kalabdw, to let the ca*
rabao pass. Patakbuhin ang kabayo, to get the horse
to run.

14. PAG. .AN, PAG. .HAN.

a. To express an act affecting the emotion or the will of the
subject-receiver. Pagdamutan ang kaibigan, to refuse to
give (something) to a friend. Pagtananan. ang amdf to
escape from the father. Paglingkurdn ang vdmahaladn,
 162

to serve the government. Pagdasaldn ang Mahal na Bir-

hen, to pray to the Holy Virgin.

o. To indicate the place where or person to whom the action

expressed by verb is done or performed. Ang bahay na
pagddrausan ng pagtitipon, the roQm where the get-
together will be held. Ang taong pagbibigydn ng sulat,
the man to whom the letter wilkbe given.

15. PAPAG.. AN, PA PAG.. HAN. To allow someone to perform

an act in or on a place or on a person. (Similar to PA. .AN.)
Papagsayawdn ang salas, to allow (some people) to use the
living-room for dancing. Papaglarudn ang harapdn ng ba-
hay, to allow (some people) to use the front of the house
for playing. Pakainan ang mesang bago, to allow the new
table to be used for eating.

16 PAPAG.. AN, PAPAG..HAN. To allow or order the subject

to perform the act expressed by the root. Papagsayawin, to
allow or get (someone) to dance. Papag-aralin, to allow or
order (someone) to study.

17. PAKA..AN, PAKA..HAN. Indicates extraordinary perform-

ance of an act. (Also PAKAPAG. .AN.) Pakdbutihan, to
exert much effort to produce good results. Pakdtaasdnf to
make too high. Pakdiklidn, to make too short. Pakdhabadn,
to make too long.

18. PAKI..AN, PAKI..HAN; PAKI..IN, PAKI..HIN. Both

paki- an and paki- in express a request about something
to be done, but the essential difference between the suffixes
—an and —in is maintained. The suffix —an indicates an
action to be done on something, while the suffix —in ex-
presses the thing to be done about something. Pakigawdn
mo ngd ng paradng makuha natin ang akldt. Please find
a- way by which we may get the book. Pakigawin mo ngd
ang silyang ito. Please make this chair.
 APPENDIX C

Orthography of Geographical Names

Abra, Abra Aroroy, Aruroy
AbulUg River, Hog Abidog Asia, Asya
Abyssinia, Abisinya . Athens, Atenas
Acapulco, Akapulko Atimonan, Atimunan
Afghanistan, Apganistan A t l a s Mts., Kabundukang Atlas
Africa, Aprikd Australia, Australya
Agno River, Hog Agno Azerbaijan, Aserbaydn
Agus River, Hog Agos Babuyan Is., Pulong Babuyan
Agusan, Agusan Babylon, Babilonya
Aklan, Akldn Bacolod, Bakulod
Akron, Akron Bagobo, Bagubo
Alabama, Alabama Bagonbayan, Bagumbayan
Alaska, Alaska Baguio, Bagyo
Albania, Albany a Bais, Bats
Albany, Albani Balabac, Balabak
Albay, Albdy Balanga, Balanga
Aleutian Islands, Kapuluang Al- Balayan, Balayang
yutyan Baler, Baler
Algeria, Alherya Balete, Balitx
Alhambra, Alhambra Bali, Bali
Alps Mts., kabundukan Alpes Baliangao, Balyangdw
Amazon, Amason. Baliuag, Baliwag
Amboina, Amboyna Balkan, Balkan
Amburayan River, Hog Ambura- Baltic Sea, Dagat Bdltiko.
yan Baltimore, Baltimore
Amoy,' Amay Baluchistan, Balusistdn
Anatolia, Anatolya Banahao Mt., Bundok Banahaw
Andes Mts., Kabundukang AndesBanaue, Banawe
Angat, Aug at Banda Is:, Pulong Bandd
Angeles, Angheles Bangkok, Bangkok
Ankara, Angkara Bangued, Bangged
Annam, Andm Bangui, Banggi
Antipolo, Antipulo Bantay, Bant ay
Antique, Antike (Hantik) Bantayan, Bantayan
Aparri, Apari Barcelona, Barselona
Apayao, Apaydw Barili, Barili
Apo, Mt., Bundok Apo, Basco, Basko
Arabia, Arabya Basey, Basey
Aravat, Arayat Basilan, Basilan
Argao, Argdw Bataan, Batadn
Argentina, Arhentina Batac, Batdk
Aringayi Aringay Batan I., Pulo ng Batdn
Arizona, Arisona Batanes, Batanes
Armenia, Armenya Batangas, Batangan
163
 164

Batavia, Batabya British Isles, Mga Pulong Britdni-

Batayan, Batayan ko
Battas, Batas Brittany, Britanya
Bauan (La Union), Bawan Brunei, Brundy
Bauan (Batangas), Bawdng Brussels, Bruselas
Baybay, Bay bay Bucharest, Bukares
Bayombong, Bayumbong Budapest, Budapes
Belfast, Belpds Bued River; llog Buwed
Belgium, Belhikd Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires
Belgrade, Belgrado Buffalo, Bufald
Belize, Belts Bukidnon, Bukidnon
Bengal, Benggdl. Bulacan, Bulakdn
Benguet, Bengget Bulalacao, Bulalakaw
Bergen, Bergen Bulgaria, Bulgarya
Berlin, Berlin Bulusan, Bulusan
Bethlehm, Belen Burias, Buryas
Bicol, Bikol Burma, Burma
Bilbao, Bilbdw Butuan, Butuan
Biliran, Biliran Cabagan, Kabagan
Binondo, Binundok Cabanatuan, Kabanatuan
Birmingham, Birmingham Cadiz, Kadis
Biscay, Bay of, Lodk ng Biskdy Cagayan, Kagaydn
Black Sea, Dagat Him Cairo, Kayro
Boac, Buwdk Calais, Kalais
Bogo, Bugd Calamba, Kalambd
Bohemia, Buhemya Calamian Is., Mga Pulo ng Kalam-
Bohol, Buhdl ydn.
Bokhara, Bukkara Calapan, Kalapdn
Bolbok, Bulbdk Calasiao, Kalasydw
Bolivia, Bulibya Calbayog, Kalbayog
Bombay, Bumbdy Calcutta, Kalkuta
Bondoc, Bundok California, Kaliporniya
Bontoc, Buntdk Calivo, Kalibo
Bordeaux, Burdu Callao, Kalydw
Borneo, Borneo Calumpit, Kalumpit
Boro-Budur, Burubudur Camarines Norte, Hilagang Kama-
Borongan, Burungan rines
Bosporus, Bdsporus Camarines Sur, Timog Kamarines
Boston, B08ton Cambodia, Kambodya
Botocan, Butukdn Camiguin I., Puldng Kamiging
Brazil, Brazil Camiling, Kamiling
Bremen, Bremen Canada, Kanadd
Breslau, Breslo Candaba, Kandaba
Brisbane, Brisbein Candon, Kanddn
British Empire, Jmperyo Britani-- Canlaon, Kanladn
ko Canton, Kantdn
 165

Cape Bojeador, Tangos Bohiyador Colorado, Kulorado

Cape Bolinao, Tangos Bulindw Columbia, Kulumbiya
Cape Engaiio, Lungos Ingganyo Columbus, Kulumbus
Capiz, Kapis Congo, Konggo
Caraballo Mts., Kabundukang Ka- Constantinople, Kustantinopla
rabalyo Cordillera, Kurdilyera
Caracas, Karakas Corregidor, Kurehidor
Caramoan Peninsula, Tangwdy ng Cotabato, Kutabatd
Karamuan Cuba, Kuba
Carcar, Karkar Culion, Kulyon
Carigara, Karigara Currimao, Kurimdw
Carolina, North, Hilagang Karoli- Cuyo, Kuyo
na Czechoslovakia, Sekoslobakya
Carolina, South, Timog Karolina Dagupan, Dagupan
Catanduanes, Katanduwanes Dairen, Dayren
Catarman, Katarmdn D a k o t a , North, Hilagang Dakota
Catbalogan, Katbalugan Dakota, South, Timog Dakota
Catubig River, Hog Katubig Damaskus, Damasko
Caucasus, Kdwkaso Damortis, Damortis
Cauit, Kawit Dansalan. Dansalan
Cavite, Kabite Danube River, Hog Danubyo
Cebu, Sebu Danzig, Dansig
Celebes, Salibis Dapitan, Dapitan
Central America, Gitndng Ameri- Dardanelles, Dardanelas
kd D a t a , Mt., Bundok Data
Central Europe, Gitndng Europa Davao, Dabaw
Central Luzon, Gitndng Lusdn Dead Sea, Dagat na Patdy
Central Mindanao, Gitndng Minda- Delhi, Delhi
ndw. Denmark, Dinamarka
Central Panay, Gitndng Pandy Denver, Denber
Cervantes, Serbantes Detroit, Detroit
Ceylon, Seyldn Dinagat, Dinagat
Chattanooga, Satanuga Dipolog, Dipuldg
Chicago, Tsikago D i u a t a Mts., Kabundukan ng Di-
Chico River, Hog Tsiko watd
Chile, Tsile Dnieper River, Hog Niyeper
China, Tsina Dominican Republic, Republikdng
China Sea, Dagat Tsina Dominikano
Chosen, Tsosen Donnai River, Hog Dundy
Claveria, Klaberya Dublin, Dublin
Cleveland, Kliblan Duluth, Dulut
Cochin-China, Kutsin-Tsina Dumaguete, Dumagete
Cologne, Koldn Dumaran, Dumardn
Columbia, Kolombiya Dutch E a s t Indies, Silangang ln-
Colombo. Kulumbo diyong Ulandes
 166

Echague, Etsagwe Hanoi, Handy

Ecuador, Ekwador Hawaiian Is.; Kapuludn ng Haw ay
Edinburgh, Edinbur Heidelberg, Hidelberg
E g y p t , Ehipto Helsingfors, Helsingpors
England, Inglatera Helsinki, Helsingki
Eritrea, Eritrea Himalaya, Himalaya
Ermita, Ermita Hokkaido, Hokaydo
Estancia, Istdnsiya Holland, Olanda
Estonia, Estonya Hondagua, Ondagwa
Ethiopia, Etyopya Hong Kong, Hongkong
E t n a , Mt., Bundok Etna Honolulu, Honolulu
Euphrates River, Hog Yuprates Honshu, Honsiyu
Hood, Mt., Bundok Hud
Europe, Europa Hudson Bay, Look Hudson
Everest, Mt., Bundok Eberes Hungary, Unggarya
Fabrica, Pdbrikd Hwang Ho, Huwangho
F i j i Is., Kapuluang Pidyi Iba, Ibd
Finland, Pinlandiya Ibanag, Ibandg
Florence, Florensiya Iberia, Iberya
Florida, Plorida Iceland, Lupangyelo, Aisldnd
Formosa, Pormosa Idaho, Idaho
France, Prdnsiya Ifugao, Ipugdw
Fujiyama, Pudyiyama Igorot, Igurot
F u s a n , Pusdn Ilagan, Ilagan
Galveston, Gdlbreston Iligan, Iligan
Gandara, Gandard Illinois, Ilinoy
Gapan, Gapdng Ilocos Norte, Hilagang Iluko
Germany, Alemanya Ilocos Sur, Timog Iluko
Gibraltar, Hibraltdr Iloilo, Iluilo
Great Britain, Dakilang Britanya Ilongot, Ilunggot
Greece, Gresya Imus, Imus
Greenland, Lupanluti, Grinland Inca, Ingka
Guagua, Guwaguwa, Wawd. Indang, Inddng
Guam, Guwdm India, Indiya
Guatemala, Guwatemala Indian Empire, Imperyong Indiyo
Guayaquil, Guwayakil Indian Ocean, Karagatang Indiyo
Gubat, Gubat Indiana, Indiyana
Guimaras, Gimarda Indo-China, Indutsina
Habana, Habana Infanta, Impanta
Hagonoy, Hagunoy Iowa, Ayowd
Hainan, Hayndn Iran, Iran
Haiphong, Haypong Iraq, Irak
Haiti, Hayti Ireland, Irlanda
Halcon, Mt., Bundok Halkon Iriga, Mt., Bundok Iriga
Hankow, Hangkdw Irosin, Irosin
 167

Irrawaddy River, Hog Irawadi Lake Michigan, Dagatang Misigdn

Isabela, Isabela Lake N a u j a n , Dagatang Nawhdn
Isarog, Mt., Bundok Isarvg Lake Ontario, Dagatang Untaryo
Isinay, Isinay Lake Superior, Dagatang Supiryor
Istanbul, Istambul Eake Taal, Dagatang Tadl
Italy, Italya Lake Titicaca, Dagatang Titikaka
Iwahig, Iwahig Lamon Bay, Look ng Lamon
Jamaica, Hamayka Lanao, Landw
Janiuay, Haniway Laoag, Lawdg
Japan, Hapon Laoang, Lawdng
Japanese, Hapones La Paz, Lapds
Jaro, Haro Larena, Larena
Java, Diyaba, Haba Latvia, Latbiya
Jerusalem, Herusalem Legaspi, Legaspi
Jolo, Hold Lemery, Lemeri
Jordan River, J log ng Hordan Leningrad, Leningrad
Kabugao, Kabugaw Leyte, Leyte
Kalinga, Kalingga Liaotung, Liyawtung
Kamchatka, Kamsatka Lima, Lima
Kansas City, Lunsod ng Kansas Limay, Limdy
Karachi, Karatsi Lingayen, Linggayen
Kashmir, Kasmir Lipa, Lipd
Kentucky, Kentaki Lisbon, Lisbon
Kiangan, Kiyangan Lithuania, Litwanya
Kiel Canal, Kandl ng Kiyel London, Londres
Kiev, Kiyeb Los Banos, Losbanyos
Kimberley, Kimberli Louisiana, Luwisyana
Klondike, Klondaik Lubang Island, Pulong Lubdng
Kobe, Kobe Lubuagan, Lubwagan
Korea, Korea Lucban, Lukbdn
Krakatao, Krakatdw Lucena, Lusena
Kuala Lumpur, Kuwala Lumpur Luzon, Lusong
Kuenlun Mts., Kabundukan ng Lyon, Liyon
Kuwenlun Maasin, Maasim
Kyoto, Kiyoto Macabebe, Makabebe
Kyushu, Kiyusyu Macao, Makdw
Labrador, Labrador Macassar, Makasar
La Carlota, Lakarlota McKinley, Mt., Bundok Makinley
Laguna de Bay, Dagatang Laguna Mactan, Maktdn
Lake Baikal, Dagatang Baykdl Madagascar, Madagaskdr
Lake Bato, Dagatang Bato Madeira, Madeyra
Lake Buhi, Dagatang Buhi Madras, Madras
Lake Danao, Dagatang Dandw Madrid, Madrid
Lake Erie, Dagatang Iri Magalan, Magalang
Lake Lanao, Dagatang Landw • Magat River, Hog Magdt
Lake Mainit, Dagatang Mainit Mahagnao, Mahagndw
 168

Mahatao, Mahatdw Minnesota, Minesota

Malabang, Malabdng Misamis, Misamis
Malabon, Malabdn Mississippi, Misisipi
Malacanan, Malakanydng Missouri, Misuri
Malacca, Malaka Moluccas, Mulukas
Malate, Maalat Mongolia, Munggolya
Malaybalay, Malaybalay Montevideo, Montebided
Malinta, Malintd Montreal, Montreal.
Malitbog, Malitbdg Moravia, Morabya
Malolos, Malulos Morocco, Moroko
Mamanuas, Mamanwds Moroland, Kamorohan
Mambajao, Mambahaw Morong, Morong
Manchester, MansestSr Moscow, Mosku
Manchuria, Mansurya Mountain Province, Lalawigang
Mandalay, MandaUy Bulubundukin
Mangaldan,, Mangalddn Mukden, Mukden
Mangyan, Mangy an Muiioz, Munyds
Manila, Maynild Naga, Naga
Mankayan, Mangkaydn Nagasaki, Nagasaki
Maqueda Bay, Lodk ng Makeda Naguilian Road, Dadng Nagilyan
Maquiling, Mt., Bundok Makiling Naic, Naik
Maribojoc, Maribuhok Nanking, Nangking
Marinduque, Marinduke Naples, Ndpoles
Mariquina, Marikina Navotas, Nabotas
Mariveles Mt., Bunddk Maribeles Negros Occidental, Kanlurang Ne-
Marseille, Marseyla gros
Martinique, Martinika Negros Oriental, Silangang Negros
Masbate, Masbate Netherlands, Olanda
Massachusetts, Masatsueets Nevada, Nebada
Mauban, Mauban New York, Niyuyork
Mayon, Mt., Bunddk Maydn Niagara, Niydgara
Mediterranean Sea, Dagat Medite- Nikko, Niko
rdned Nile, Nilo
Melbourne, Melborn Normandy, Normandiya
Mesopotamia, Mesopotamya North America, Hilagang Amirikd
Messina, Mesina North Sea, Dagat Hilaga
Mexico, Meksikd, Mehikd Norway, Norwega
Meycauayan, Meykawayan Novaliches, Nubalitses
Miagao, Miyagdw Nueva Ecija, Bagong Esiha
Michigan, Misigdn Nueva Vizcaya, Bagong Biskaya
Milan, Milan Obando, Ubando
Milwaukee, Milwoki Odessa, Odesa
Mindanao, Mindandw Ohio, Ohayo
Mindoro, Mindoro Oklahoma, Oklahoma
Minneapolis, Minydpolis Olongapo, Ulunggapo
 169
Omaha, Omaha Quebec, Kitebdk
Orani, Oraut Quito, Kito
Oregon, Oregon Rangoon, Rangyun
Ormoc, Urmdk Richmond, Ritsmond
Oroquieta, Orokyeta Riga, Riga
Osaka, Osaka Rio do Janeiro, Riyo-de-Haneyro
Ottawa, Utawa Rizal, Risdl
Pacific Islands, Kapuluang Pasi- Romblon, Romblon
piko Rome, Roma
Rotterdam, Rotervldtn
Paco, Poled Rumania, Rumanya
Pacte, Paite Russia, Rusya
Pago Pago, Panggo-panggo Saar, Soar
Pagsanjan, Pagsanghdn Sahara, Sahara
Palawan, Palawan Saigon, Sayg on
Palembang, PaUmbang Salinas, Salinas
Palestine, Palestina Samar, Samar
Pampanga, Kapampangan Samarkand, Samarkand
Panama, Panamd Samoa, Samoa
Panaon, Panaon Sampaloc, Sampalok
Panay, Pandy Savannah, Sahana
Pandacan, Pandakan Seattle, Seatel
Pandan, Panddn Seoul, Seydl
Pangasinan, Panggasmdn Shanghai, Shanghdy
Pangail Bay, Lo6k ng PangU Siam, Siydm
Pansipit River, Iiog Pansipit Siargao, Siyargdw
Para&urae, Patanyag, Paranyake Siberia, Siberya
Paris, Paris Sibul, Sibul
Pasig, Pasig Sibuyan, Sibuyan
Patagonia, Patagonya Sicily, Sisilya
Pateros, Patero Sierra Madre, SiySramadre
Peiping, Peyping Silang, Sildng
Penaranda, Penyaranda Silay, Sildy
Pennsylvania, Pcnsilbanya Sinait, Stnait
Persia, Persya Singalong, Singgalong
Peru, Per* Singapore, Singgapvr
Philippines, Pilipinas Siquijor, Sikihdr
Pittsburgh, Pitsburg Sollano, Sulano
Polillo, Pulilyo Soraogon, Sorsogon
Pototan, Putotan South America, Timog AmMkd
Prague, Praga Spain. Espanya
Puerto Princesa, Portoprinsesa Sua!. Snwdl
Puerto Rico, Portoriko Subie Bay, Lo6k vg Svbik
Pulangrf River, Hog Pulanggi Sudan. S»ddn
Pulog, Mt., Bundok Pulog Sues Canal. Kantil vg Suwfs
Fulupandan, Pulupanddn Sulu, Stfhi
Pyrenees, Pirineo Sumatra, Sumatra
 170

Surabaya, Surabaya Tibet, Tibet

Surigao, Surigdw Ticao, Tikdw
Sydney, Sidney Tokyo, Tokyo
Syria, Sirya Toledo, Toledo
Taal, Tadl Tondo, Tundo
Tablas, Tablas Tuguegarao, Tugegardw
Tacloban, Takloban Urdaneta, Urdaneta
Tacoma, Takoma Uruguay, Urugivdy
Tanauan, Tanawan Valencia, Balensiya
Tagudin, Tagudin Valparaiso, Balparaiso
Vancouver, Bangkuber
Taiwan, Taywdn
Venezuela, Beneswela
Talavera, Talabera
Venice, Benesya
Tarlac, Tarlak
Vesuvius, Besubyo
Tasmania, Tasmanya
Vienna, Biyena
Tawitawi, Tawitawi
Vigan, Bigan
Tayabas, Tayabas
Visayan Islands, Kapuluang Bisa
Tennessee, Tdnesi
yd.
Ternate, Ternate Zambales, Sambales
Texas, Teksas Zamboanga, Sambuwanyga