APPENDIX K

CALIBRATIONS, CALCULATIONS, & CONVERSIONS

SPRAYER CALIBRATIONS AND CALCULATIONS 1

TABLE K - 1. SPRAYER CALIBRATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
Calculation Example Formula
1. Determining the Example 1 Formula 1
Gallon per Minute You want an output of 20 GPA. Your nozzles are 20 feet apart. Your
(GPM) required of field speed is 5 MPH. How much do you need to collect from each GPM = GPA x MPH x W
nozzles to achieve a nozzle to achieve 20 GPA? 5940
given Gallon per Acre
(GPA) 20 GPA x 5 MPH x 20 = 2000 GPM = Gallons per minute from one nozzle
5940 5940
GPA = Gallons per acre
= 0.336 GPM per nozzle
W = nozzle spacing (inches) or;
Example 1a - Convert Gallons per Minute (GPM) to Ounces per = spray width (inches) if using a broadjet or;
Minute (OPM) = row spacing (inches) divided by the number
From Example 1 you have collected 0.336 GPM from each nozzle. or nozzles per row.
MPH = Field speed in Miles Per Hour
0.366 x 128 = 43 OPM per nozzle 5940 = a constant

Example 1b - Convert OPM to GPM Formula 1a

You have collected 43 OPM from each nozzle.
OPM = GPM x 128
43 OPM / 128 = 0.336
Formula 1b

GPM = OPM / 128

2. Determining GPA Example 2 Formula 2
when given nozzle Nozzle spacing = 20”. Field speed = 5 MPH. You collected liquid
GPM, spacing from all of the nozzles for one minute and obtained an average of 51 GPA = GPM x 5940
between nozzles and ounces per nozzle. Convert 51 OPM to GPM MPH x W
field speed
51 OPM / 128 = 0.398 or 40 GPM per nozzle.

0.398 GPM x 5940 = 2364.12

5 MPH x 20 100

= 23.64 or 24 GPA
3. Determining Example 3a Formula 3
required speed when Nozzle output = 10 GPM. Swath width = 35 feet (420 inches).
you know GPA, GPM Desired GPA = 30 GPA. What speed do you need to be traveling to GPM x 5940
and spacing between achieve 30 GPA? 30 GPA x 420
nozzles or broadjet
swath 10 GPM x 5940 = 59,400
30 GPA x 420 12,600

=4.7 or 5 MPH

*Broadjet Example: If you had nozzles that were 20 inches apart

and GPM was 0.40 GPM, the answer would be 3.96 or 4 MPH.

Example 3b
You want 30 GPA with a field speed of 7 MPH and nozzle spacing is
30 inches. Using formula #1, you determine that you need to collect
1 GPM from each nozzle. When you check the nozzles, the output is
actually 1.5 GPM. You can either change the nozzles or adjust your
field speed to achieve 30 GPA.

1.5 GPM x 5940 = 8,910

30 GPA x 30 inches 900

= 9.9 or 10 MPH as the new field speed

4. How much area can Example 4 Formula 4
my sprayer cover Your sprayer is calibrated at 30 GPA. You have a sprayer with a 500
(acres)? gallon tank. How many acres can you treat with 500 gallons? How Volume in tank = Acres Treated
many can you treat with 250 gallons? GPA

500 gallons 250 gallons

30 GPA 30 GPA

= 16.6 acres treated = 8.3 acres treated

5. How much total Example 5 Formula 5
solution do you need You want to spray 10 acres and your sprayer is calibrated to 25
in order to spray a GPA. How much total solution do you need in your sprayer tank? Acres to spray x GPA = Gallons required
given acreage?
10 acres x 25 GPA = 250 gallons
6. How much Example 6a Formula 6
pesticide, dry or Your sprayer can treat 30 acres and the label calls for a rate of 1 pint

1
Montana State University Extension Service, 2000. MontGuide MT 2000-14
Appendix K – Calibrations, Calculations, Conversions Page K - 1
 APPENDIX K
CALIBRATIONS, CALCULATIONS, & CONVERSIONS
Calculation Example Formula
liquid, do you add to per acre. How much pesticide do you add to the tank? Acres treated x labeled rate
the tank when rate is = Amount of pesticide to add to the tank
given on a per acre 30 acres x 1 pint = 30 pints or 3 ¾ gallons
basis? (30 / 8 pints per gallon)

Example 6b
Using the information in Example 6a, you are using dry ingredients in
ounces per acre. How much pesticide do you add to the tank to treat
30 acres?

30 acres x 10 ounces = 300 ounces or

18 ¾ pounds (300 / 16 oz. per pound)

7. How much liquid Example 7a Formula 7

pesticide do you add A rate of 3 lbs/acre of the active ingredient (a.i.) is recommended.
to the tank when the This pesticide contains 8 lbs. of a.i. per gallon of formulation. Labeled Rate Per Acre = Gallon amount to apply
rate is given Amount of a.i. per gallon
according to pounds 3 lbs. per acre / 8 lbs. a.i. per gallon = 0.375 gallons per acre or 1 ½
of active ingredient quarts per acre (0.375 x 4) or 3 pints per acres (0.375 x 8)
(a.i.) per acre?
Example 7b
You have calibrated a 300 gallon sprayer. It can spray 7.5 acres per
tank at 40 GPA. A recommendation indicates to apply ½ pound a.i.
per acre. The label indicates that it contains 2 pounds of a.i. per
gallon. How much pesticide will you add to the tank to spray 7.5
acres?

0.50 lb a.i./acre = 0.25 gallon (1 quart)/ac

2 lb a.i./gallon

7.5 acres/tank x 1 quart per acre = 7.5 quarts

8. How much dry Example 8 Formula 8
pesticide do you apply A recommended rate of 0.2 lbs. a.i./acres of a 25% wettable powder
per acre when the rate (WP) is recommended (One pound of formulation contains 0.25 lbs. Recommended rate = lbs. of formulation/acre
is given as a a.i.) % a.i. per lbs of formulation
percentage of a.i.?
0.2 lbs. per acre = 0.80 lb formulation /ac
0.25 lbs. a.i.

To convert to ounces: 0.80 lbs. x 16 ounces/lbs. (dry) = 12.8 ounces

per acre
9. Check the output of All nozzles across a boom need to be applying roughly the same Formula 9
boom nozzles. amount of liquid within a certain error range (usually 5% on either
side of the average). Clean and/or replace any nozzles that fall Nozzle 1 output + nozzle 2 output + etc.
outside of your given error range. Number of nozzles on the boom
= Average Nozzle Output
Example 9
You have a 10 nozzle boom and you have collected from under each Average Nozzle Output x 0.05 = amount to add
nozzle for one minute. You noted the following nozzle outputs and subtract from the Average Nozzle Output to
make an error range of 5%.
Nozzle = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Output (Oz)=43 44 47 42 46 44 50 41 42 42
= 441 oz. Total

Average Nozzle Output = 441 oz. / 10 nozzles = 44.1 oz. For 5%

error: 44.1 oz. x 0.05 = 2.2 oz. to add and subtract from the
average.

Error range (5%) on either side of the average = 41.9 oz. to 46.3 oz.
Nozzles 3, 7, & 8 needs to be cleaned or replaced. Note: If a
nozzle’s output is lower, it may be plugged and only need to be
cleaned. Repeat this exercise until all nozzles fall with the error
range.
10. Adding Adjuvants Pesticide labels often suggest adding adjuvants to the spray mix, Formula 10a
to the Spray Tank listing the rate of the adjuvant in terms of percentage of the spray
mix, volume per acre, or volume per quantity of spray mix % of spray mix x gallons of spray mix
100
Example 10a – When the rate is expressed as a % of the spray = Gallons adjuvant needed
mix
Total spray mix = 500 gallons. Adjuvant rate is 1% of the finished Formula 10b
spray volume. 0.01 x 500 = 5 gallons of adjuvant added along with
pesticide to make a 500 gallon solution Adjuvant needed =

Example 10b – When the rate is expressed as a volume per Adjuvant rate x acres to be treated
acre.
Your sprayer is calibrated to 30 GPA and you plan on using 300 Formula 10c
gallons of solution. An adjuvant calls for a rate of 1 pint per acre.
Adjuvant needed =
300 gallons / 30 GPA = 10 acres x 1 pint per acre = 10 pints of
adjuvant added along with pesticide to make a 300 gallon solution. Rate per 100 gallons x gallons of spray mix
100

Appendix K – Calibrations, Calculations, Conversions Page K - 2

 APPENDIX K
CALIBRATIONS, CALCULATIONS, & CONVERSIONS
Calculation Example Formula
Example 10c – When the rate is expressed in quarts per 100
gallons.
Adjuvant rate = 2 quarts per 100 gallons. A total of 400 gallons of
spray mix will be used.

2 quarts x 400 gallons total mix

100 gallons

= 8 quarts of adjuvant to add along with pesticide to make a 400

gallon solution.
11. Dilution Rule Example 11 Formula 11
How much of a 50% concentrate is needed to make 100 gallons of a
1.5% spray? C1 x V1 = C2 x V2

50 x Volume 1 (V1) = 1.5 x 100; C1= % of a.i. in concentrate

V1 = 3 gallons V1 = quantity of concentrate needed
C2 = % a.i. desired in final mixture
The final mixture (Volume 2 or V2) is the amount of the concentrate V1 = quantity of final mixture
(V1) plus the required amount to make up to V2. If V1 = 3 gallons
and the required amount is 100 gallons, add 97 gallons of water to 3 It is important that the units used are all the
gallons of concentrate. same: i.e. percent x pounds = percent x pounds
or percent x volume = percent x volume
Hints on Percentage A pesticide label may tell you to mix up a concentration or
Mixing percentage of the product in water. For example, mix 1 part of the
pesticide concentrate and 99 parts water. This makes a 1 percent
mixture. Since there are 128 fluid ounces in one gallon, 1.28
ounces of a concentrate mixed into 1 gallon of water will make
approximately a 1 percent mixture (Hint: 1 tablespoon is about ½
ounce.)

The label may also instruct you to make a spray solution with a
specific percentage of active ingredient (a.i., for example, a one
percent a.i. solution for a particular pest. If the pesticide is
formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) containing 57
percent active ingredient. To make a 1 percent a.i. spray solution
from this formulation, you would add 1 part of the pesticide to 56
parts of water.

Glyphosate product Pounds ae/gal or ai/gal are found on glyphosate product labels. The
rates based on following table displays conversions.
formulation, acid
equivalent (ae) and lb lb 0.38 0.57 0.75 1.125 1.5
active ingredient (ai). 2 ae ai ae ae ae ae ae
fl oz/A
3 4 16 24 32 48 64
4 5.4 12 18 24 36 48
4.7 5.1 12 18 24 36 48
4.5 5.5 11 16 22 32 44
5 6.1 10 15 20 30 40

2
NDSU 2005
Appendix K – Calibrations, Calculations, Conversions Page K - 3
 APPENDIX K
CALIBRATIONS, CALCULATIONS, & CONVERSIONS

HAND-HELD / BACKPACK SPRAYER CALIBRATION

TABLE K - 2. BACKPACK SPRAYER CALIBRATION

No Math Version 3
Establish a calibration plot that is exactly: 18.5 feet wide x 18.5 feet
Step 1
long

Spray the calibration plot uniformly with water, noting the number of
Step 2
seconds required: Time Required to spray plot = ________ seconds.

Step 3 Spray into a bucket for same number of seconds.

Step 4 Measure the number of ounces of water in the bucket:

Volume sprayed = __________ ounces

The number of ounces collected from the bucket is equal to the

Step 5
number of gallons per acre the sprayer is delivering: Gallons Per Acre (GPA) = _________

Adding the Correct Amount of Herbicide to Tank for Liquid Herbicide Formulations

Step 6 Record sprayer output in gallons/acre (calculated from Step 5).

Output (volume) = __________ GPA

Step 7 Determine volume of full spray tank.

Tank volume = ________ gallons

From the herbicide label determine amount of herbicide concentrate

Step 8
to apply per acre. __________ Herbicide per Acre (quarts or pints)

Determine the amount of herbicide to add to each gallon using the

Step 9
chart below.

__________ Amount of herbicide/gallon x __________ number

Step 10 Calculate the amount of herbicide to add to each tank.
of gallons in a tank =
__________ Total amount of herbicide to add to a tank.

The following table can be used to determine the amount of pesticide, liquid or dry formulation, needed per unit area
(i.e. gallons per acre or GPA) to give the rate recommended for effective control 4 .

TABLE K - 3. AMOUNT OF HERBICIDE TO ADD TO MEET RECOMMENDED HERBICIDE

RATE/ACRE BASED UPON SPRAY AMOUNT (GPA) CALIBRATED 5
Gallons / Acre 1 pint 1 quart 2 quarts 3 quarts 4quarts
(GPA)
15 6 tsp 2 fl oz. 4 fl oz. 6.25 fl oz. 8.5 fl oz.
20 5 tsp 10 tsp 3.25 fl oz. 4.75 fl oz. 6.33 fl oz.
30 3 tsp 6 tsp 2 fl oz. 3.25 fl oz. 4.25 fl oz.
40 2.33 tsp 4.75 tsp 1.66 fl oz. 2.33 fl oz. 3.25 fl oz.
50 2 tsp 3.75 tsp 1.25 fl oz. 2 fl oz. 2.5 fl oz.
60 1.66 tsp 3.25 tsp 6.33 tsp 1.66 fl oz. 2 fl oz.
70 1.33 tsp 2.75 tsp 5.5 tsp 1.33 fl oz. 1.75 fl oz.
80 1.25 tsp 2.33 tsp 4.75 tsp 7.25 tsp 9.5 tsp
90 1 tsp 2 tsp 4.25 tsp 6.33 tsp 8.5 tsp
100 1 tsp 2 tsp 3.75 tsp 5.75 tsp 7.66 tsp
120 0.75 tsp 1.5 tsp 3.0 tsp 4.75 tsp 6 tsp

Liquid Conversions
3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon
8 fl ounces = 1 cup
2 tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce
1 cup = 16 tablespoons

3
Montana State University Extension Service, 2000. MontGuide MT 2000-14
4
Source: Bussan, et al, 2001-2002
5
tsp = teaspoons
TBS = tablespoons
fl oz. = fluid ounces
Appendix K – Calibrations, Calculations, Conversions Page K - 4
 APPENDIX K
CALIBRATIONS, CALCULATIONS, & CONVERSIONS
Example: Assume that the calibration of your sprayer (Steps 1 – 5) yields an output of 30 GPA and your sprayer holds
3 gallons. Your herbicide label for the target weed species indicates a herbicide application rate of 1 pint/acre. Go to
the chart and read across from 30 Gal. / A to the 1-pint column – the amount of herbicide to add per gallon is 3 tsp in
the chart. Since your sprayer holds 3 gallons of total solution, you would add 9 tsp of herbicide in addition to the water
in each tank.

HAND-HELD SPRAYERS 6
Hand-held sprayers are often used for spot treating patches of weeds or for treating small areas such as lawns. Spray
coverage should be uniform and the leaves of the target plants should be wet but the amount of spray solution applied
should be limited so that run-off does not occur. Hand-held sprayers should be calibrated by 1) spraying a known area
using water and a standard and reproducible procedure, 2) measuring the amount of water applied, and 3) calculating
gallons per acre (gpa).

For example, 0.75 gallon on 500 sq ft is the same as 65 gallons per acre:

43,560 sq ft per acre / 500 sq ft x 0.75 gallon = 65 gpa.

The desired rate in lb/A or pt/A can be used to calculate the amount of herbicide to add to the spray solution. If 3 pt/A
is desired:

3 pt/A / 65 gpa = 0.046 pt or 0.73 fl oz or 1.5 Tbsp/gal of spray solution (16 fl oz = 1 pt, 2 Tbsp = 1 fl oz).

When calibration of a hand-held sprayer is not possible and the herbicide being used is safe to the environment and
non-target plants, a volume of 50 to 70 gpa can be assumed. However, the actual volume applied can vary
considerably with the type of sprayer, spray pressure, and technique of the applicator so calibration is strongly
encouraged.

Some herbicide labels specify a percent solution for use in hand-held sprayers. The following chart provides mixing
instructions to obtain solutions of varying percent concentrations on a volume/volume basis:

TABLE K - 4. VOLUME / VOLUME (V/V) BASIS

%Concentration of Herbicide
Desired Solution Volume 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 5.0
gallons Amount of herbicide to add, fl oz
1 0.6 1.3 1.9 2.6 6.4
2 1.3 2.6 3.8 5.2 12.8
5 3.2 6.4 9.6 12.8 32.0
10 6.4 12.8 19.2 25.6 64.0
100 64.0 128.0 192.0 256.0 640.0

1 pt = 16 fl oz 16 Tbls = 1 cup
1 Tbls = 3 tsp 1 fl oz = 30 mls
1 Tbls = 15 ml 1 fl oz = 2 Tbls

ACTIVE INGREDIENT (A.I.) VERSUS ACID EQUIVALENT (A.E.)

Labels on herbicide containers and instructions for mixing herbicides sometimes use units of herbicide active
ingredient (a.i.) or acid equivalent (a.e.). The herbicide may be sold in different concentrations, but units of a.i. or a.e.
provide standard measures, so the mixing instructions can apply in all cases. In order to follow these instructions, you
will need to determine how many a.i. or a.e. are in an ounce, or quart or liter, of the concentrate on hand.

The “active ingredient” (a.i.) of an herbicide formulation is responsible for its herbicidal activity or ability to kill or
suppress plants. The a.i. is always identified on the herbicide label by either its common name or chemical name, or
both. Herbicide formulations available for sale commonly contain other so-called “inert” compounds too.

6
NDSU 2005.
Appendix K – Calibrations, Calculations, Conversions Page K - 5
 APPENDIX K
CALIBRATIONS, CALCULATIONS, & CONVERSIONS
The “acid equivalent” (a.e.) of an herbicide is just the acid portion of the a.i., and it is this acid portion that is
responsible for herbicidal effects. The acid portion (or parent acid) is generally associated with other chemical
compounds to form a salt or an ester, which is more stable and better able to move through a plant’s waxy cuticle, and
into the plant. The salt or ester is the a.i.

Weak acid herbicides are formulated as salts or esters through the addition of a salt or ester molecular group to the
parent acid molecule. This allows the herbicide acid to mix properly with adjuvants and enhances the compound’s
ability to move into plant tissue. Once the herbicide enters the plant, the salt or ester group is cleaved off the parent
molecule, allowing the acid to affect the plant.

Because the salt or ester molecular group can vary dramatically in size, a measure of the percent a.i., especially in the
case of a weak acid herbicide, does not adequately reflect the percentage of acid in the formulation. Thus, the a.e. is
used to determine the amount of the product to be applied.

Product labels for weak acid herbicides will list the product’s percentage of active ingredient, as well as other inert
ingredients, at the top of the label. The percentage of acid equivalent in the formulation is usually listed below these
percentages in a separate table or paragraph.

TABLE K - 5. PINTS OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCT NEEDED PER ACRE

Pounds a.i./gallon of Pounds of active ingredients per acre
commercial product 1/4 1/2 1 2 3 10

1.0 2 4 8 16 24 80
2.0 1 2 4 8 12 40
3.0 2/3 1 1/3 2 2/3 5 1/3 8 26 2/3
3 .34 3/5 1 1/5 2 2/5 4 4/5 7 1/5 24
4.6 1/2 1 2 4 6 20
6.0 1/3 2/3 1 1/3 2 2/3 4 13 1/3

AQUATIC WEED CALCULATIONS

Some herbicides, such as those for control of emergent plants, are applied on the basis of the area to be treated.
Others, such as those used to control certain submerged weeds, are applied on the basis of the volume of water to be
treated. For aquatic weed control, the volume of water and/or area to be treated must be determined
accurately. Chemical application rates are provided on the label in either an amount to apply per surface acre or per
acre-foot of water. One acre is a surface area measurement of 43,560 square feet. An acre-foot is one acre of water
one foot deep. To determine acre-feet of water, multiply the surface area in acres by the average depth in feet.

TABLE K – 6. SURFACE AREA CALCULATIONS

AREA DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
CIRCLE = 3.14 x radius² EXAMPLE: a pond radius 85 feet x 85 x 3.14 = 22686.5 square feet total surface area (/ 43,560 = 1/2 acre
surface area)
RECTANGLE = length x width EXAMPLE: a pond length 145 feet x width of 75 feet = 10,875 square feet total surface area (/ 43,560 = 1/4
acre surface area)
TRIANGLE = (base x height) / 2 EXAMPLE: a pond base of 100 feet x height of 50 feet = 5,000 square feet / 2 = 2,500 square feet total
surface area (/ 43,560 = 1/10 acre surface area)
OVAL = length x width x 0.8 EXAMPLE: a pond length of 200 feet x width of 90 feet x 0.8 = 14,400 square feet total surface area (/ 43,560
= 1/3 acre surface area)

Appendix K – Calibrations, Calculations, Conversions Page K - 6

 APPENDIX K
CALIBRATIONS, CALCULATIONS, & CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS
Liquid Conversion Factors

1 gallon = 4 quarts or 8 pints or 3,785 cc or 128 fluid ounces

1 quart = 2 pints or 4 cups or 946 cc or 32 fluid ounces
1 pint = 2 cups or 473 cc or 16 fluid ounces
1 cup = 16 tablespoons or 236.5 cc or 8 fluid ounces
1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons or 15 cc or 0.5 fluid ounces
2 tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce

Weight Conversion Factors

1 pound = 16 ounces or 454 grams

1 ounce = 28.4 grams or 30 cc

Plot Size Factors

1 rod = 16.5 feet

1 square rod = 16.5 X 16.5 feet or 272 square feet
1 acre = 160 square rods
1 acre = 43,560 square feet

Application Factors

1 cup per square rod = 10 gallons per acre

1 pint per square rod = 20 gallons per acre
1 quart per square rod = 40 gallons per acre
1 gallon per square rod = 160 gallons per acre

TABLE K - 7. METRIC CONVERSIONS 7

Symbol When you know Multiply by To Find Symbol
lb pounds 0.45 kilograms kg
pt pints 0.47 liters l
qt quarts 0.95 liters l
oz ounces 30.0 milliliters ml
A acres 0.4 hectares ha
ha hectares 2.5 acres A

7
Conversions in this metric guide are pounds per acre to kilograms per hectare
Example: 2 lb/A to kg/ha = 2 x 0.45 = 0.90 kg/A x 2.5 = 2.25 kg/ha

Appendix K – Calibrations, Calculations, Conversions Page K - 7

 APPENDIX K
CALIBRATIONS, CALCULATIONS, & CONVERSIONS

TABLE K - 8. COMMON UNIT CONVERSIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Multiply… By… To Get…
Acres 0.4047 Hectares (ha)
Acres 4047 Square Meters (m2)
Acres 4840 Square Yards
Acres 43,560 Square Feet
Cubic Feet 1728 Cubic Inches
Cubic Feet 0.037 Cubic Yards
Cubic Feet 7.481 Gallons
Cubic Feet 59.84 Pints
Cubic Feet 29.92 Quarts
Cups 8 Ounces
Cups 16 Tablespoons
Cups 48 Teaspoons
Gallons 3.785 Liters (L)
Gallons 128 Ounces
Gallons 8 Pints
Gallons 4 Quarts
Gallons per Acre (gal/acre) 9.34 Liters per Hectare (L/ha)
Grams (g) 0.001 Kilograms
Grams (g) 1000 Milligrams
Grams (g) 0.035 Ounces (oz)
Grams per Liter (g) 1000 Parts per Million
Hectares (ha) 2.47 Acres
Inches (in) 2.54 Centimeters (cm)
Kilograms (kg) 1000 Grams (g)
Kilograms (kg) 35.274 Ounces (oz)
Kilograms (kg) 2.2046 Pounds (lb)
Kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) 0.892 Pounds per Acre (lb/acre)
Kilometers (km) 0.6214 Miles (mi)
Liters (L) 1000 Cubic Centimeters (cm3)
Liters (L) 0.2642 Gallons (gal)
Liters (L) 33.814 Fluid Ounces (oz)
Meters (m) 100 Centimeters
Meters (m) 3.281 Feet
Meters (m) 0.001 Kilometers
Meters (m) 39.37 Inches
Meters (m) 1.094 Yards
Miles (mi) 1.609 Kilometers (km)
Miles (mi) 5280 Feet
Miles (mi) 1760 Yards
Miles per Hour (mi/hr) 44.70 Centimeters per Second (cm/sec)
Miles per Hour (mi/hr) 88 Feet per Minute
Miles per Hour (mi/hr) 1.467 Feet per Second
Miles per Minute 88 Feet per Second
Miles per Minute 60 Miles per Hour
Milligrams (mg) 0.000035 Ounces (oz)
Milliliters (ml) 0.0338 Ounces (oz)
Ounces (oz) - dry 0.063 Pounds
Ounces (oz) - liquid 0.063 Pints
Ounces (oz) - liquid 0.031 Quarts
Ounces (oz) - liquid 480 Drops
Ounces (oz) - liquid 29.573 Milliliters (ml)
Ounces (oz) - liquid 0.02957 Liters
Ounces (oz) - liquid 29.5735 cubic centimeters (cm3)
Ounces (oz) 2 Tablespoons
Ounces (oz) 6 Teaspoons
Ounces (oz) 28.3495 Grams (g)
Ounces per acre (oz/acre) 70.1 Grams per Hectare (g/ha)
Ounces per Acre (oz/acre) 0.0701 Kilograms per Hectare (kg/ha)
Parts per Million 0.001 Grams per Liter
Parts per Million 0.05842 Grains per Gallon
Parts per Million 1 Milligrams per Liter
Parts per Million 0.0001 Percent
Parts per Million 1 Milligram per Kilogram
Pints 0.125 Gallons
Pints 0.473 Liters
Pints 2 Cups

Appendix K – Calibrations, Calculations, Conversions Page K - 8

 APPENDIX K
CALIBRATIONS, CALCULATIONS, & CONVERSIONS
Multiply… By… To Get…
Pints - liquid 16 Ounces - liquid
Pints - liquid 0.5 Quarts - liquid
Pounds (lb) 16 Ounces
Pounds (lb) 0.01 Hundredweight (CWT)
Pounds (lb) 453.6 Grams (g)
Pounds (lb) 0.4536 Kilograms (kg)
Pounds per acre (lb/acre) 1.121 Kilograms per hectare (kg/ha)
Pounds per acre (lb/acre) 112.1 mg/square meter (mg/m2)
Pounds per acre (lb/acre) 11.21 µg/square centimeter (µg/cm 2)
Pounds per gallon (lb/gal) 119.8 grams per liter (g/L)
Pounds per gallon (lb/gal) 7.48052 Pounds per Cu. Foot
Quarts 2 Pints
Quarts 0.25 Gallons
Quarts 0.946 Liters
Quarts – liquid 32 Ounces - liquid
Quarts – liquid 2 Pints - liquid
Square centimeters (cm2) 0.155 Square inches (in2)
Square centimeters (cm2) 0.0001 Square meters (m2)
Square meters (m2) 10,000 Square centimeters (cm2)
Tablespoons 3 Teaspoons
Tablespoons 0.5 Ounces - liquid
Teaspoons 60 Drops
Teaspoons 0.33 Tablespoons
Teaspoons 0.1666 Ounces - liquid
Tons 907.185 Kilograms
Yards 0.9144 Meters
Note: All references to pounds and ounces refer to English units of measurement unless otherwise specified.

TABLE K – 9. BAND WIDTH (FT) DISTANCE REQUIRED TO TREAT ONE ACRE

Band width (ft) Feet Miles
1 43,560 8.25
2 21,780 4.13
3 14,520 2.75
4 10,890 2.06
5 8,712 1.65
10 4,356 0.8

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 APPENDIX K
CALIBRATIONS, CALCULATIONS, & CONVERSIONS

- End of Appendix K -

Appendix K – Calibrations, Calculations, Conversions Page K - 10