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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), June 2014, pp.212-216

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Experimental Analysis Of 80 Tr Capacity Air Cooled Scroll

Chiller Using R-22 & R-407c.
Mr. Bhikhu B, Prof. Ronak Shah, Prof. Bala Dutt

PG Student and corresponding author, Asst.Professor, Asst.Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department, ADIT Engineering College, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India

ABSTRACT
In air conditioning systems, chilled water is typically distributed to heat exchangers, or coils, in air handling
units or other types of terminal devices which cool the air in their respective space(s), and then the water is re-
circulated back to the chiller to be cooled again. These cooling coils transfer sensible heat and latent heat from
the air to the chilled water, thus cooling and usually dehumidifying the air stream. The experiment works on 80
TR capacity Air Cooled Scroll Chiller systems. Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is used for cooling
chilling water. Capacity of compressor is taken same for the different refrigerants used for experimental
analysis. During experimental work used R-22 and R-407C as refrigerants. Theoretical COP of system with R-
22 refrigerant is 4.166 and actual COP is 2.227. For 80 TR capacity scroll air cooled chiller, theoretical COP of
system with R-407c refrigerant is 3.465 and actual COP is 2.745 respectively. Based on the result analysis the
same capacity of air cooling system with scroll compressor Actual COP of R-407C is higher than R-22. It means
R-407C is also a alternative refrigerant for air cooled chilling system and also for HVAC system.
Keywords – Air Chiller, Scroll Compressor, Vapour compression cycle, COP, HVAC system

I. INTRODUCTION are often used in the plastic industry in injection and

A chiller is a system that removes heat from a blow molding, metal working cutting oils, welding
liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption equipment, die-casting and machine tooling,
refrigeration cycle. This liquid/refrigerant can be chemical processing, pharmaceutical formulation,
circulated through a heat exchanger to cool air or food and beverage processing, paper and cement
equipment as required. As a necessary byproduct, processing, vacuum systems, X-ray diffraction,
refrigeration creates waste heat that must be power supplies and power generation stations,
exhausted to ambient or, for greater efficiency, analytical equipment, semiconductors, compressed
recovered for heating purposes. Concerns in design air and gas cooling. They are also used to cool high-
and selection of chillers include performance, heat specialized items such as MRI machines and
efficiency, maintenance, and product life cycle lasers, and in hospitals, hotels and campuses.
environmental impact. Chillers for industrial applications can be
In air conditioning systems, chilled water is centralized, where a single chiller serves multiple
typically distributed to heat exchangers, or coils, cooling needs, or decentralized where each
in air handling units or other types of terminal application or machine has its own chiller.
devices which cool the air in their respective Decentralized chillers are usually small in size and
space(s), and then the water is re-circulated back to cooling capacity, usually from 0.2 tons to 10 tons.
the chiller to be cooled again. These cooling coils Centralized chillers generally have capacities ranging
transfer sensible heat and latent heat from the air to from ten tons to hundreds or thousands of tons.
the chilled water, thus cooling and usually Chilled water is used to cool and dehumidify air in
dehumidifying the air stream. A typical chiller for air mid- to large-size commercial, industrial, and
conditioning applications is rated between 15 and institutional (CII) facilities. Water chillers can be
1500 tons in cooling capacity, and at least one water-cooled, air-cooled, or evaporative cooled.
manufacturer can produce chillers capable of up to Water-cooled chillers incorporate the use of cooling
6,000 tons of cooling. Chilled water temperatures can towers which improve the chillers' thermodynamic
range from 35 to 45 °F (2 to 7 °C), depending upon effectiveness as compared to air-cooled chillers. This
application requirements. is due to heat rejection at or near the air wet-bulb
Industrial application, chilled water or other temperature rather than the higher, sometimes much
liquid from the chiller is pumped through process or higher, dry-bulb temperature. Evaporative cooled
laboratory equipment. Industrial chillers are used for chillers offer higher efficiencies than air-cooled
controlled cooling of products, mechanism and chillers but lower than water-cooled chillers.
factory machinery in a wide range of industries. They

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Air-cooled and evaporative cooled chillers are

intended for outdoor installation and operation. Air-
cooled machines are directly cooled by ambient air
being mechanically circulated directly through the
machines condenser coil to expel heat to the
atmosphere. Evaporative cooled machines are
similar, except they implement a mist of water over
the condenser coil to aid in condenser cooling,
making the machine more efficient than a traditional
air-cooled machine. No remote cooling tower is
typically required with either of these types of
packaged air-cooled or evaporative cooled chillers.

II. VAPOUR COMPRESSION T-s diagram of the ideal vapor-compression

REFRIGERATION CYCLE IN refrigeration cycle
CHILLER
Air cooled chiller working on vapour The refrigeranion cycle of an air-cooled chiller
compression refrigeration cycle. Four main includes two processes:
components of refrigeration cycle. Compressor, 1. The evaporation of the liquid refrigerant in the
condenser, evaporator and expansion device are the evaporor, which absorbs heat and lowers the
components of chiller system. temperature of the chilled-water system.
2. The condensation of the refrigerant vapor in the
air cooled condenser and rejection of heat to the
atmosphere.
In the air cooled chiller refrigeration cycle, water
the evaporator(also known as the cooler) and is
cooled dy the colder refrigerant flowing through the
other circuit inside the evaporator.The chilled water
is pumped from the building coils to provide cooling.
In the evaporator, the chilled cooled the building or
process load and the cycle is completed when warmer
water flows back to the evaporator.A mixture of
liquid refrigerant and flash gas passes through the
evaporator circuit opposite the water to be chilled.
The refrigerant in the evaporator absorbs heat from
Schematic diagram of vapour copmression the warmer return water, evaporates to a and finally
refrigeration cycle exits the evaporator as a superheated vapor. The
superheated refrigerant vapor then enters the suction
inlet of the compressor. In compressor, the refrigerant
is compressed, raising its pressure and temperature.
High pressure and temperature refrigerant gas exits
the compressor, passes through the discharge line and
enters the condenser. While in the air cooled
condenser coil, the hot gas condenses to liquid inside
the tubes as it gives up heat to the cooler outside air
being drawn across the condenser coil by the
condenser fans.
The condensed liquid refrigerant then leaves the
P-h diagram of the ideal vapor-compression condenser and enters the expansion device. As the
refrigeration cycle refrigerant passes through the expansion device, its
pressure and temperature is decreased to the liquid
flashes to vapor. The expansion device controls the
amount of flashing in order to maintain a certain
superheat to ensure no liquid droplets enter into the
compressor suction. After leaving the expansion
device, the refrigerant enters the evaporator and the
cycle is repeated

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III. NOMENCLATURE OF (refrigeration capacity of system)/(refrigeration effect

SELECTED AIR COOLED of refrigerant)
SCROLL CHILLER SYSTEM Mathematically,
Experimental work carried out at Voltas Pvt. m = CR/(h1 – h4)
Ltd. at Dadra Nagar & Haveli. ACDS080DMN22 Where: CR = the refrigeration capacity (or total heat
model of Chiller system used for 80 TR with R-22 & load of the cold room, HT).
R-407C refrigerants for maintain chilling water 5. Condenser capacity, CC:
temperature 5-70C. The refrigerant R-407C is a This is the heat rejected by the refrigerant in unit time
blended refrigerant, being a mixture of R32, R125 in the condenser.
and R134A, and is known as a ZEOTROPE fluid, h2 + Q23 + W = h3
and at a given pressure each component part of the But: W = 0 (as no work is done in the condenser).
blend will boil at a different temperature. R-407c Hence, h2 + Q23 = h3
boiling temperature is -43.60C. Electrical expansion ∴ Q23 = h3 - h2
It should be noted here that h2> h3. Thus, Q23 will be
negative although its magnitude is h2 – h3. Therefore,
the condenser capacity, CC is obtained as:
CC = m Q23 = m (h2 –h3)
6. Refrigeration Effect, Q41:
The refrigeration effect, Q41, is obtained from the
refrigeration process: 4-1 by invoking the energy
equation. Hence:
h4 + Q41 + W = h1
But, W = 0
Thus: h4 + Q41 = h1
∴ Q41 = h1 - h4
7. Evaporator Capacity, CE:
It is the rate at which heat is removed from the
refrigerated space. This is also the product of mass
flow rate (m) and the refrigerating effect, Q41.
valve is used. Hence: CE = m Q41
∴ CE = m (h1 – h4)
IV. ANALYTICAL CALCULATION 8. Throttling Process:
1. The vapor compression cycle is analyzed as ∴ h3 = h4
follows: 9. Coefficient of Performance, COP:
 According to Energy Equation, Hence: COP = (refrigeration
h1 +C12/2 + Q + W = h2 + C02/2 effect)/(work done)
Neglecting the kinetic energy transfer by assuming = Q41 / W12
that: 𝐶12/2 = 𝐶02/2 = 0, = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1)
Gives: h1+ Q + W = h2
Where: h1 = Enthalpy at inlet to the process, V. RESULT ANALYSIS
h2 = Enthalpy at outlet,
As per the experiment setup in Voltas Limited
W = Work done during the process, Company for Air cooled scroll chiller and use R -22
Q = Heat transferred and R-407c refrigerant. Based on suction pressure,
2. Work Done by Compressor, WC: temperature and discharge refrigerant pressure,
The work done to compress the refrigerant vapor, following results are obtained in terms of the
h1+ Q + W = h2
refrigerating effect, work done, mass flow rate of
But, Q = 0 since heat is usually neglected nor
refrigerant, theoretical COP and Carnot COP.
extracted nor added during compression process. For R-22 refrigerant and scroll compressor for air
Thus: h1 + W = h2 cooled chiller.
∴Wc = h2 - h1
This is the work done per kg of the refrigerant.
3. Compressor Capacity, P:.
P = m (h2 - h1)
Where: m = the mass flow rate of the refrigerant.
4. Mass flow rate of refrigerant, m:
This is the quantity of refrigerant (in kg) that must
flow through a system per unit time to produce a ton
of refrigerant. This is defined and stated as: m =

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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), June 2014, pp.212-216

Refrigerants (R- Readi Reading Reading For R-407C refrigerant and scroll compressor for air
22) ng 1 2 3 cooled chiller.
Suction pressure 0.413 0.399 0.399 Refrigerants (R- Reading Reading Reading
Mpa 407c) 1 2 3
Dis-charge 1.620 1.620 1.681
pressure Mpa Suction pressure 0.39 0.38 0.3846
Suction -9 -8 -8 Mpa
Temperature 0C Dis-charge 1.861 1.87 1.873
Dis-charge 42 42 42 pressure Mpa
Temperature0C Suction Temp 0C -7 -9 -9
Enthalpy(kJ/kg) h1 407 406 402 Dis-charge 44 45 45
h2 443 442 438 Temp0C
h3=h4 251 251 252 Enthalpy(kJ/kg) h1 406 405 405
Entropy kJ/kg*K 1.70 1.72 1.72
S1=S2 h2 447 448 448
S3 0.69 0.69 0.68 255 255 256
S4 1.02 1.02 1.04 h3=h4
Refrigerant effect 156 155 150 Entropy kJ/kg *K 1.76 1.77 1.79
kJ/kg S1=S2
Work done kJ/kg 36 36 36 S3 0.65 0.65 0.66
Mass flow rate 1.794 1.806 1.866 S4 1.03 1.03 1.04
(kg/s) Refrigerant effect 151 150 149
Theoretical COP 4.333 4.305 4.166 kJ/kg
Carnot COP 6.176 6.3 6.638 Work done kJ/kg 41 43 43
Actual COP 2.267 2.255 2.2779 Mass flow rate 1.854 1.866 1.879
Compressor 64.58 65.016 67.176 (kg/s)
Capacity kW 4 Theoretical COP 3.682 3.488 3.465
Actual 123.4 124.115 122.916 Carnot COP 6.215 5.88 5.88
Compressor 63 Actual COP 2.702 2.729 2.745
Power Compressor 76.014 80.238 80.797
Consumption Capacity kW
(kW) Actual 103.599 102.586 101.993
Condenser 344.4 344.946 347.076 Compressor
Capacity kW 48 Power
Chiller Capacity 279.8 279.93 279.9 Consumption
kW 64 (kW)
Condenser 355.968 360.138 360.768
Capacity kW
Chiller Capacity 279.954 279.9 279.971
kW

Figure 5.1 p-h chart for R-22 refrigerant with 80 TR

Air Cooling scroll chiller

Figure 5.2 p-h chart for R-407C refrigerant with 80

TR Air Cooling scroll chiller

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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), June 2014, pp.212-216

VI. GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS [3] Yu,F.W ,Chan,K.T, Experimental

1. COP Vs. Refrigerants Determination of the Energy Efficiency of an
Air-Cooled Chiller under part load
Conditions, Energy, and vol. 30: p. 1747-1758.
(2005).
[4] Shao, S., Shi, W., Li, X. and Chen, H.,
Performance representation of variable-speed
compressor for inverter air conditioners based
on experimental data. International Journal of
Refrigeration 27, 805–815., (2004).
[5] Björk, E. and Palm, B., Performance of a
domestic refrigerator under influence of
varied expansion device capacity, refrigerant
2. Capacity Vs Refrigerants charge and ambient temperature, International
Journal of Refrigeration, 29, 789–798, (2006).
[6] Orhan EKREN and Banu Y. EKREN
“experimental design and regression analysis
for performance of a chiller system”. Isı Bilimi
ve Tekniği Dergisi, 31, 1, 59-65, 2011 J. of
Thermal Science and Technology (2011).
[7] M.AshokChakravarthy,M.L.S.DevaKumar,Ex
perimental Investigation of an alternate
Refrigerant for R22 in Window Air
conditioning system ,International Journal of
Scientific and Research Publications, Volume
2, Issue 10, October (2012).
[8] Fuwing Yu and Kwoktai Chan and Hoyin
Chu,Efficiency Improvements of Air- Cooled
Chillers Equipped With High Static Condenser
Fans, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
(2006).
VII. CONCLUSION
Experimental work carried out with various
refrigerants on scroll type air cooling chiller with
capacity of 80TR. In R-22 refrigerant used for 80 TR
chiller systems theoretical COP is 4.166 and actual
COP is 2.227 and Carnot COP is 6.63. In R-407c
refrigerant used for 80 TR chiller systems theoretical
COP is 3.465 and actual COP is 2.745 and Carnot
COP is 5.88. For same capacity of refrigerating
system COP of R-22 is lower than COP of R-407c
refrigerant and also less power consumption. It
means the instead of R-22 used R-407C for better
option for air cooled chilling system. This result is
helpful to design and manufacture of air cooled
chiller.

REFERENCES
[1] Hundy, G. F., “Applications of scroll
compressors for supermarket refrigeration,”
Institute of Mechanical Engineers Seminar
Publication, Vol. 15, pp. 67-79, (1998).
[2] Voltas Limited EM&R Business Group Sales
Headquarters Dadra&Haveli . R-407c The
Engineers Guide Zero Ozone Depleting
Refrigerant for Air Conditioning and heat
pump systems.

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