Operating Systems and Languages Library

MS·DOS
Software Installation Guide

PERSONAL
COMPUTER

111111111
-::: ~) I "r ---=---. ~ .
I -,
-- - .- ~ ..... '.
PUBLICATION ISSUED BY:

Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.p.A.

Direzione Documentazione
77, Via Jervis - 10015 Ivrea (Italy)

Copyright © Microsoft Corporation

1980-1986

Copyright © 1989, by Olivetti

All rights reserved

OLiVETII is a trademark of Ing . C. Olivetti & C., S.p.A.

Microsoft · is a registered Irademark of Microsoft Corp.
MS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.
GW is a registerd trademark of Microsoft Corp.
Microsoft logo is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.
ETHERNET is a trademark of Xerox Corp.
UNIX is a trademark of AT&T
XENIX is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.
MS-DOS · is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.
MS-NET is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp.
OLiNEHAN is a trademark of Ing . C. Olivetti & C., S.p.A.
LSX and X/OS are trademarks of Ing . C. Olivetti & C., S.p.A.
Inte1386, 386. 386SX and 376 are trademarks of Intel Corp.
MCA is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp.

Information from
Olivetti Documentation
NOTICE

Ing. C. Olivetti & C. S.pA reserves the right to make any changes in
the product described in this manual at any time and without notice.

This manual is licensed to the Customer under the conditions contained

in the User License enclosed with the Program to which the manual
refers.
PREFACE

This publication is an installation guide for the MS-DOS operating sys-

tem. It describes the installation of Microsoft MS-DOS Version 3.30 on
an Olivetti Personal Computer.

SUMMARY

The first chapter of this guide presents the contents of the MS-DOS
Software Kit. The other chapters tell the user how to install the MS-
DOS operating system onto his computer. Chapter 3 covers installa-
tion of national keyboard drivers and fonts. Chapter 4 covers installa-
tion of code page switching for suitable devices. Chapter 5 covers
installing MS-DOS on floppy disk based systems. Chapter 6 covers
installing MS-DOS on hard disk based systems. Chapter 7 tells the
user how to configure his operating system for optimal running. There
are five appendices which contain other useful information.

PRE-REQUISITE PUBLICATIONS

Installation and Operations Guide for your Personal Computer.

RELATED PUBLICATIONS

MS-DOS User Guide

MS-DOS Quick Reference Guide
MS-DOS Messages
MS-DOS Reference Manual
MS GW-BASIC Interpreter under MS-DOS User Guide
MS GW-BASIC under MS-DOS Quick Reference Guide

DISTRIBUTION: General(G)

FIRST EDITION: February 1988

SECOND EDITION: January 1989

 CONTENTS

1. PRESENTING MS·DOS

PRESENTING MS-DOS - THE OPERATING SYSTEM

WITH THE MOST APPLICATIONS 1-1

THE MS-DOS SOFTWARE KIT 1-1

WHAT SHOULD YOU READ 1-2

CONTENTS OF THE MASTER DISKETTE(S) 1-2

WHAT'S NEW? 1-16

2. HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOFTWARE

INTRODUCTION 2-1

YOU ONLY NEED TO READ ABOUT YOUR HARDWARE

CONFIGURATION 2-1

BEFORE YOU BEGIN 2-2

DISK TYPES 2-2

WRITE PROTECT YOUR MASTER DISKETTES 2-7

TURNING YOUR COMPUTER ON 2-9

BOOTSTRAPPING YOUR COMPUTER 2-9

HOW TO TERMINATE YOUR WORKING SESSION 2-11

THE DEFAULT DRIVE 2-11

DRIVE LETTERS FOR SINGLE DRIVE SYSTEMS 2-12

v
 PREPARING WORKING COPIES OF YOUR SYSTEM
DISKETTES 2-12

HOW TO FORMAT YOUR DISKETTES 2-15

CONFIGURING AND INITIALIZING MS-DOS 2-18

THE CONFIG.SYS FILE 2-18

THE AUTOEXEC.BAT FILE 2-18

SETTING UP YOUR DISK FOR NATIONAL SUPPORT 2-19

THE SELECT COMMAND 2-19

KEYBOARD AND SCREEN SUPPORT 2-19

MS-DOS COUNTRY SPECIFIC OPERATIONS SUPPORT 2-21

CODE PAGE NATIONAL LANGUAGE SUPPORT 2-21

DISPLAYING THE CHARACTER SET 2-23

3. KEYBOARDS AN D FONTS

INTRODUCTION 3-1

KEYBOARD DRIVERS 3-1

FONTS 3-3

SETTING UP YOUR SYSTEM DISK 3-3

THE SELECT COMMAND 3-4

NATIONAL KEYBOARDS 3-5

KEYBOARD LAYOUTS 3-5

MULTI-CHARACTER KEYS 3-5

vi
 CONTENTS

SWISS-GERMAN/SWISS-FRENCH KEYBOARD 3-7

PORTUGAL KEYBOARD 3-8

DEAD SYMBOLS 3-8

KEYS WITH INVISIBLE CHARACTERS 3-9

4. HOW TO USE CODE PAGES

INTRODUCTION 4-1

NATIONAL LANGUAGE SUPPORT CODES 4-2

COMMANDS THAT SUPPORT NATIONAL LANGUAGES 4-3

NEW MS-DOS COMMANDS 4-3

ENHANCED MS-DOS COMMANDS 4-4

NEW AND ENHANCED CONFIGURATION COMMANDS 4-5

DATE AND TIME FORMATS 4-5

HOW TO USE CODE PAGES 4-7

HOW TO LIST CURRENT CODE PAGES 4-10

OEC AUTOSWITCH MODE 4-11

HOW TO REFRESH LOST CODE PAGES 4-11

USING THE SELECT COMMAND 4-12

HOW TO FORMAT A DISK WITH COUNTRY-SPECIFIC

INFORMATION 4-12

5. FLOPPY DISK SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION 5-1

vii
 TO UPGRADE AN EXISTING SYSTEM DISKETTE TO
VERSION 3.30 5-2

USING THE SYS COMMAND TO INSTALL MS-DOS

VERSION 3.30 HIDDEN FILES 5-2

USING THE REPLACE COMMAND TO UPDATE AN

EXISTING FLOPPY DISK 5-3

TO INSTALL MS-DOS VER. 3.30 ON A NEW SYSTEM

DISKETTE 5-4

USING THE FORMAT COMMAND TO INITIALIZE A

SYSTEM DISKETTE 5-4

COPYING SYSTEM FILES AND EXTERNAL COMMANDS 5-5

USING THE SELECT COMMAND TO INSTALL A SYSTEM

DISKETTE 5-5

6. HARD DISK SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION 6-1

TO UPGRADE A HARD DISK TO MS-DOS VERSION 3.30 6-2

UPGRADING FROM MS-DOS VEA. 2.11 TO VEA. 3.30 6-2

USING THE REPLACE COMMAND TO UPDATE

EXTERNAL COMMANDS 6-3

UPGRADING FROM MS-DOS VEA. 3.XX TO VER . 3.30 6-4

HOW TO BACKUP YOUR HARD DISK 6-6

HOW TO RESTORE YOUR HARD DISK 6-7

HOW TO SET UP YOUR HARD DISK FROM SCRATCH 6-9

HOW TO USE FDISK TO PARTITION YOUR HARD DISK 6-9

viii
 CONTENTS

CHECKING FOR A CONFIGURED AND FORMATTED

DISK 6-10

HOW TO START FDISK 6-11

HOW TO CREATE A DOS PARTITION 6-13

Selection 1: Create Primary DOS Partition 6-14

Selection 2: Create Extended DOS Partition 6-17

Selection 3: Create Logical Drive In The Extended DOS

Partition 6-18

HOW TO CHANGE THE ACTIVE PARTITION 6-19

HOW TO DELETE A DOS PARTITION 6-21

Selection 1: Delete Primary DOS Partition 6-23

Selection 2: Delete Extended DOS Partition 6-24

HOW TO DISPLAY PARTITION DATA 6-26

HOW TO SELECT THE NEXT FIXED DISK DRIVE 6-27

FORMATTING YOUR HARD DISK 6-29

FORMATTING THE C: DRIVE 6-29

FORMATTING HARD DISKS DRIVES OTHER THAN C: 6-31

TRANSFERRING THE OPERATING SYSTEM TO HARD

DISK 6-31

USING SELECT TO INSTALL MS-DOS ON YOUR HARD

DISK 6-32

BOOTSTRAPPING YOUR COMPUTER 6-33

Ix
7. CONFIGURING AND INITIALIZING MS· DOS

INTRODUCTION 7-1

THE CONFIGURATION OF MS-DOS USING

CONFIG.SYS 7-1

FLOPPY DISK CONFIG.SYS 7-2

HARD DISK CONFIG .SYS 7-2

THE INITIALIZATION OF MS-DOS USING AN

AUTOEXEC.8AT FILE 7-3

USING THE AUTOEXEC.BAT TO LOAD APPLICATIONS 7-5

A. CODE PAGE TABLES

UNITED STATES A-1

MULTILINGUAL A-5

PORTUGAL A-9

NORWAY A-13

NATIONAL SPAIN A-17

GREECE A-21

GERMANY GS A-25

B. CONFIG.SYS COMMANDS

INTRODUCTION 8-1

BREAK 8-1

BUFFERS 8-2

COUNTRY 8-3

x
 CONTENTS

DEVICE B-3

DRIVPARM B-4

FCBS B-6

FILES B-7

LASTDRIVE B-7

SHELL B-8

STACKS B-9

C. INSTALLABLE DEVICE DRIVERS

INTRODUCTION C-1

ANSI,SYS C-2

DISPLAY.SYS C-2

DRIVER.SYS C-3

PRINTER.SYS C-5

VDISK.SYS C-6

D. THE DISK CACHE SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION 0-1

CACHER.SYS 0-1

E. MS-DOS COMMANDS

CHCP E-1

FASTOPEN E-1

xi
 GRAFTASL E-2

GRAPHICS E-4

KEYS E-6

MODE E-7

NLSFUNC E-13

RECOVER E-13

SELECT E-14

SHARE E-15

SYS E-15

INDEX

xii
1. PRESENTING MS·DOS
 PR ••• NTINQ • •-DO.

PRESENTING MS·DOS • THE OPERATING SYSTEM

WITH THE MOST APPLICATIONS

Congratulations on buying the operating system that runs more

applications on your Personal Computer than any other competing
operating system. This version of MS-DOS supports networking,
multiple MS-DOS partitions on your hard disk, virtual disk in main
memory, 5' 1/4 inch and 3 1/2 inch floppy disk drives, and many other
storage devices. Read this manual and the "MS-DOS User Guide" for
more details.

Remember, your Olivetti dealer is always available to provide

assistance and training.

THE MS-DOS SOFTWARE KIT

This Software Kit contains the following items:

• MS-DOS Software Installation Guide

• MS-DOS User Guide

• MS-DOS Quick Reference Guide

• MS-DOS Messages

• Software Diskette(s), two 3 1/2 inch diskette and three 5 1/4 inch
diskettes.
WHAT SHOULD YOU READ

Before running MS-DOS read:

• Your computer's Installation and Operations Guide

• Part 1 of the MS-DOS User Guide, if you lack the basic concepts
of MS-DOS

• This Software Installation Guide, if your software has not been set
up ready for you.

After MS-DOS has been installed refer to the following manuals for the
syntax and meaning of the MS-DOS commands:

• Part 2 of the MS-DOS User Guide

• The MS-pOS Quick Reference Guide.

If you see a MS-DOS message that you don't understand or you don't
know how to respond- look it up in the "MS-DOS Messages". All the
MS-DOS messages are listed there in alphabetical order along with an
explanation of their meaning and possible responses. The manual
serves as a "trouble-shooting guide" for MS-DOS.

CONTENTS OF THE MASTER DISKETTE(S)

There are three 5 1/4 inch diskettes: a Startup Diskette, an Operating

Diskette and a Supplemental Diskette,

and

there are two 3 1/2 inch diskettes: a Startup/Operating Diskette and a

Supplemental Diskette.

The following table shows the contents of the 5 1/4 inch Startup
Diskette and a partial contents of the 3 1/2 inch Startup/Operating
Diskette. Note that for Version 3.30a the file distribution per disk may
vary.

1-2 MS-DOS SOFtWARE INSTALLA110N GUIDE

 PR ••• NTING ...·DOS

FILE NAME DESCRIPTIO N

ANSI.SYS The American National Standards Institution

Standard screen·handling and keyboard
extension device driver. The installation
of this device driver is described in
Appendix C "Installable Device Drivers" in
this manual. The ANSI escape sequences
themselves are docum e nted in the " MS · DOS
Reference Manual " (orderable separately).

COMMAND. COM When the operating system is booted , this

external command must either be in the root
directory or in the directory given as the
pathname parameter in the SHELL declaration
(see Appendix B "CONFIG.SYS Commands " for
more details). COMMAND. COM is an external
command used either for reloading the
command processor if it gets overwritten,
or for calling a secondary command
processor. Reloading is automatic if
COMMAND.COM is available to the operating
system on a loaded disk . See Chapter 7
" MS · DOS Commands" of the " MS · DOS User
Guide " for detai l s.

COUNTRY.SYS This file contains the country

configuration infor mation used getting or
setting country dependent features. It is
best put into the root directory of the
booting drive, if you declare COUNTRY in
CONFIG.SYS (see Appendix B " CONFIG.SYS
Commands " for details) .

DISPLAY.SYS This disp l ay (CON) device driver provides

code page switching support comprising:
download designation of up to twelve code
page images; invocation of one of these
code page images; status querying of the
------------------------------------------------------------ ~

1-3
FILE NAME DESCRIPTION

active and displayed code pag e ; listing of

the possibl e code pages. The installation
of this device driver is described in
Appendix C " Installable Device Drivers" and
see Chapter 4 " Ho w To Us e Code Pages " for
an example of it's us e .

DRIVER . SYS A generic b loc k device driver. This d river

must be used wi t h care. It is recommended
that end - users ask their d ealers or
qualified service personn el for assistance
in using this dri v er for configuring block
devices. The installation of this device
driver is d escribe d in App e ndix C
" Installable Device Drivers " in this man ual .

FASTOPEN.EXE This is a ter minate and stay resident

utility. It enhances the performance of
file access functions on hard disk drives .
It enables most recently used files to be
opened, found , renamed and referenced in
other ways without disk i nput or output.
This is most u sef ul for programs that have
a lot of overlays or that u se a lot of
files that are frequently opened or
closed . It is recommended that this
utility is installed in your AUTOEXEC . BAT
file. See Appendix E "M S-DOS Commands " and
Chapter 7 " Configuring And Installing
MS -DOS " for an e xample of the command ' s use.

FDISK.COM This external command is the Fixed Disk

Partition Installation Program. It is
completely composed of menus giving yo u
choices fro m wh ich you have to choose. See
Chapter 6 " Hard Disk Systems " for details .
---------------------------------------------------------------- ~

MS-DOS SOFIWARE INSTALLATION CIUIE

FILE NAME DESCRIPTION

FORMAT.COM An external command wh ic h for mats a disk or

diskette to receive MS - DOS files. See
Chapter 7 "MS - DOS Commands" in the "MS-DOS
User Guide" for details and Chapter 5 and 6
in this manual for an example of it's u se .

KEYB.COM This is a ter minate and stay resident

u tility . It provides s uppo rt for t he
Olivetti National Keyboards. It is
recommen d e d that this utility is installed
in your AU TOEXEC .B AT file . See Cha p ter 3
"K eyboards and Fonts" for details.

KEYBOARD.SYS This is a data file u sed by KEYB . CO M. If

you call KEYB, then KEYBOARD.SYS is best
placed in the root directory of the booting
disk .

MOD E.CO M This external command is used for: setting

RS-232-C protocols; setting a nd testing the
v ideo monitor modes ; setting and
redirecting printer modes ; code page
down loadi ng, invoke and status query on a
d evice by device basis. See App en d ix E
"M S-DOS Co mm an ds" for details.

NLSFUNC.EXE This is a ter mi na te and stay resident

u tility . If you are u si n g code page
switching NLSFUNC should b e called in your
AUTO EXEC.BAT. It provides extended s upp ort
for us ing co untry dependent features of
code p ages . See App en d ix E "MS - DOS
Commands" for d etails an d Chap ter 4 "How To
Use Code Pages " for an example of it ' s
us e.
----------------------------------------------------------.
FILE NAME DESCRIPTION

PRINTER.SYS This printer (PRN or LPT1 , LPT2 and LPT3)

device driver provides code page s witching
support comprising: download designation of
up to t welve code page images; invocation
of one of these code page images; status
querying of the active and displayed code
page; listing of the possible code pages.
The installation of this device driver is
described in Appendix C "Installable Device
Drivers" and see Chapter 4 " How To Use Code
Pages " for an example of it's use.

SELECT. COM This external command installs MS - DOS on

diskettes or hard disk. The target disk is
formatted so it must not contain any files
that are wanted. See Appendix E "MS-DOS
Commands " for details and the Chapters 3,
4, 5 and 6 for examples of it's use.

SYS . COM This external command is used for upgrading

an old version of the MS-DOS hidden system
fi l es to this new version. When this
command is obeyed, the default drive must
be the original drive from which the
computer was bootstrapped. See Appendix E
" MS - DOS Commands " for details . and
Chapters 5 and 6 for examples of it's use.

VDISK.SYS This device driver , if declared in the

CONFIG.SYS file , installs a virtual disk.
See Appendix C "Installable Device Drivers "
for details.
------------------------------------------------------------------- ~

1... IIS-D08 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 PRI•• NTING ...· DO.

FILE NAME DESCRIPTION

XCOPY.EXE This external command enables whole disks

or subdirectory branches to be copied. As
such it provides a replacement for DISKCOPY
for dissimilar source and target disks.
See Chapter ·' 7 " MS - DOS Commands " in the
MS - DOS User Guide " .
The following table shows the contents of the 5 1/4 inch Operating
Diskette and partial contents of the 3 1/2 inch Startup/Operating
Diskette:

FILE NAME DESCRIPTION

APPEND.EXE This is a ter mi n ate and stay resident

u tility . The first ti me it is called it is
an external co mm an d, thereafter it is an
internal co mm and . If used in it ' s
non - extended fashion it pro v ides a list of
paths for data searching. This u se can be
extended to put the list of data search
paths in the en v iron ment and/or to treat
the directories indicated in the list of
paths as part of the current directory for
commands like DIR, CaMP and command
execution. See Chapter 7 "M S - DOS Com mands "
in the "M S - DOS User Guide " for details.

ASSIGN.COM An external command to re - assign the

logical drive assigned to a particular
physical disk drive. Normally used when
application soft ware ref e rs to t h e " A: " or
" B: " dri v es, but the soft wa re is installed
on a hard disk, for exa mple the " C: "
drive. Not normally used with diskette
drive only configurations . See Chapter 7
"M S-DOS Co mmands " in the "M S - DOS User
Guide " for details.

ATTRIB.EXE An external co mmand to set or reset

attributes of a file . See Chapter 7
" MS-DOS Commands " in the "M S - DOS User
Guide" for details.
--------------------------------------------------------~

,.. MS-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 PR ••• NTING .... DO.

FILE NAM E DESCRIPTION

BACKUP . CO M Th is external command is for backing up

files from hard disk to diskette in a
special backu p for mat , " RESTORE " is
required to restore them. It is possible to
use this com mand to backup from floppy disk
to floppy disk , but this is only likel y to
be used in special circumstances . See
Ch apter 7 "M S·DOS Commands " in the "M S - DOS
User Guide " for details .

CACHER.SYS This device driver if declared in the

CONFIG.SYS file , installs disk caching.
Frequ ently accessed backing store data is
stored in a main me mory b u ff~r or cache.
This means when this data is read by a
progra m it is read from main memory i n stead
of from a backing store . This can i mprove
access time by a factor of bet ween 10% and
25% of t h e original access ti me . See t he
Appen d ix D " The Disk Cac h e Syste m" ~or
details .

CHKDS K.COM A very useful external command for checking

and correcting errors on bot h floppy
d iskettes and on hard disks. See Chapter 7
" MS-DOS Com mands " in the " MS-DOS User
Guide " for details.

COMMAND. COM See the above table " Startup Diskette " for
d etails.

COMP . CO M An external co mm and for co mpari n g files.

See Ch apter 7 "M S-DOS Commands " in the
"M S-DOS User Gu ide " for details.
------------------------------------------------------- ~

1-8
FILE NAME DESCRIPTION

DEBUG.COM This external co mm an d calls the progra m

d eb ugg er . As well as f or debugging programs
it can be u se d for " patching " files;
h o we v er if you do t his , o nly pat c h a cop y
n ot t h e original file . See Chapter 9 "Th e
Deb ugg er " in the " MS- DO S Reference Manual "
and also th e " MS - DOS Quick Refere n ce "

DISKCOMP . CO M An external co mmand for co mpa ring diskettes

wit h the same specifications . It ca nn ot b e
u se d for co mpa ring Har d Disks. See Chapter
7 " MS - DOS Co mmand s " in t he " MS - DOS User
Guide " for details.

DI SKCOPY.C OM An e x ternal co mmand for cop ying a d iskette

to a no t h er with t h e sa me specificatio n. It
cannot b e u sed for co pyi ng Ha r d Disks . See
Chapter 7 "M S- DOS Commands " in t h e "M S-DOS
User Guide " for d etails .

EDIT.EXE An e xt e rnal co mmand which calls the "V isual

File Editor ". See Cha pt er 6 of the "M S - DOS
User Guide" for d etails .

EDLIN.COM This external co mm a nd calls the lin e

e d itor . See Chapter 7 "Lin e Editor (ED LI N) "
in t h e "MS - DOS Reference Manu al " an d the
" MS - DOS Quick Reference Guide"

EXE2BIN.EXE This exter n al command should o nly be u se d

by programm ers . See Chap ter 5 " Co mm an d s " in
the "M S-DOS Referenc e Manual " for details .
------------------------------------------------------- ~

1-10 Ms-DOS SOFtWARE INSTALLA110N GUIDE

 PR••• NTIN . . . . . DO.

FILE NAM E DE SCRIPT ION

FC.EXE This extern a l com mand is " File Compare " a

h ig hly sop h isticate d command for comparing
eit h er text or bin ary files. See Chapter 7
"M S·DOS Commands" in t he "M S - DOS User
Guide", the "MS·DOS Quick Reference Guide "
and the "M S- DO S Reference Manual " for
details.

FIND.E XE An external co mm and which acts as a filter

for finding lines of information in text
files . See Chap ter 7 "M S-DOS Commands" in
the "M S - DOS User Guide" for d etails .

FORMAT . CO M See t h e a bov e tabl e " Startup Diskette " for

details.

GRAFTABL.COM Th is is a ter minate and stay resident

ut ility. It p ro vid es s upp ort for the
e xt en d ed ASCII ch~racters in graphics modes
of the video di spla y controller.
If you are using code page s witc h ing with
th e d evice driver DISPLAY . SYS loaded for
th e console, you do n ot need to load
GRAFTABL as the co d e pag e provides support
for the e x tended ASCII c h aracters inst ea d.
See Appendix E "M S-DOS Co mma nds " for
d etails and Chapters 3 and 7 for exa mp les
of it ' s u se.

GRAPHICS.COM If you wi s h to print screens , which contain

g rap h ics , on a suitable printer,this
e x ter nal command s h o uld be placed in your
AUTO EXEC .BAT . See Appendix E "MS - DOS
Commands" for d etails.
-------------------------------------------------------~

1·11
FILE NAME DESCRIPTION

HEXDU MP.COM This exter n al co mmand i s for programmers to

dump files in h exa d eci mal. See the " MS-DOS
Quick Reference Guide " a nd the "M S-D OS
Reference Ma nu al " for details.

JOIN.EXE This external co mm and joins a d is k d rive to

an e mp ty directory on another drive to
produce a single di rectory structure. See
Chapter 7 "M S'DOS Commands " in t h e " MS ' DOS
User Guide" for details.

LAB EL . CO M This exter n al command e n ables you to modify

or delete a disk volume label. See Ch apter
7 "MS -DOS Co mmand s " in t he "M S ' DOS User
Guide" for details.

MOR E .COM Th is external co mmand is a fi lter to enable

y ou to see one page of text o u tput at a
ti me on the Vi d eo Monitor. See Cha p ter 7
"M S-DOS Commands" in the " MS-DOS User
Guide" for details.

PRINT.COM This external co mm and queues files for

b ackground printing, wh ile other co mm ands
are obeyed . See Chapter 7 " MS-DOS
Comma nd s " in t h e "M S-DOS User Guide" for
details.

RECO VER. COM This exter n al command reco v ers an entire

disk or a file . Be a ware t h at recovering a
wh ole disk destroys th e disk's directory
str u cture : use with care! See Ch apter 7
"M S-DOS Co mm a nd s " in the "MS - DOS User
Guide" for details.
------------------------------------------------------~~

Ms-DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 PRI.INTINa ...·DO.

FILE NAM E DESCRIP T ION

RESTORE. CO M This exter nal co mm a nd is for restorin g

files fro m disk et t e to h ar d disk, wh ic h
were ba cke d · up u si ng " BACKUP" . See Chapter
7 " MS - DOS Commands " in t h e " MS - DOS User
Guid e " for details.

S HARE.EX E This exter nal c o mmand is for u se in a

n et wo rki ng e nv iro nm e nt. It b eco mes
resident in ma i n .Ran dom Access Me mory, as
such it can be removed only by
boot stra pp i ng the Computer . See App e ndix E
" MS-DOS Commands" for d etails .

SORT . EXE Th is exter n al command acts as a filter to

sort t ext files int o alpha - num eric order.
See Chapter 7 " MS ·D OS Commands " in t h e
"M S-DOS User Guide " for d etails .

SUBST.EXE Th is exter n a l command substitutes a dummy

dr ive specifier for a dir ec to ry path . See
Chapter 7 " MS - DOS Commands " in the " MS - DOS
Us er Guide " for d etails .

TREE.COM Th is e xt er nal co mmand s how s the

hi erarc hica l di rec t or y str u ct ure of the
sp ecifie d driv e . See Ch a p ter 7 " MS· DOS
Commands " in the "MS - DOS User Guide " for
detail s .

XCO PY . EXE See th e above table " Startup Diskette " for
details.

1·13
The following table shows the contents of the Supplemental Diskette on
51/4 inch diskette and 3 1/2 inch diskette:

FILE NAME DESCRIPTION

COMMAND. CO M Wh e n the operating system is booted , this

external command must either be in the root
directory or in the directory given as the
pathname parameter in the SHELL declaration
( see Appendix B " CONFIG.SYS Commands " for
more deta ils ). COMMAND. COM is an external
command used ei ther for reloading the
command processor if it gets o v er written ,
or for calling a secondary command
proces sor . Re loading is automatic if
COMMAND. COM is available to the operating
system on a loaded disk. See Chapter 7
" MS - DOS Commands " of the " MS - DOS User
Guide " for details.

EGA.CPI Th e code page character set font files for

the EGA and VGA display controllers and
compatible display controllers such as the
OEC and OVC. If you are using code page
switching, it is best to put this file into
the root directory of the booting drive.

GWBASIC.EXE This external command calls the MS GW -B ASIC

Interpreter. See the "MS GW - BASIC User
Guide" for d e tails. This manual is
orderable separately.

LCD.CPI The code page character set font files for

the IBM PC Convertib l e display controller.
-------------------------------------------------------- ~

MSoOOS SOFIWAREHrrALLAlION GUIDE

 PRESENTING .S-DOS

FILE NAM E DESCRIPTION

REPLACE.EXE This external com mand enables files to be

replaced or added to the target disk. It
is particularly useful for upgrading old
versions of operating systems and other
soft ware. See Chapter 7 " MS·DOS Commands "
in the "M S - DOS User Guide " for details .

4201.CPI The code page character set font files for

the IB M Proprinter Model 4201 and
compatible printers. If you are u sing code
page s w ~tching , it is best to put this file
into the root directory of the booting
drive.

5202.CPI The code P!lge character set font files for

the IB M Quietwriter III Model 5202 and
co mp atible printers . I f you are u sing code
page s witching, it is best to put this file
into the root directory of t h e booting
d rive.

1·15
WHAT'S NEW?

New Features

Many new features have been added to MS-DOS Ver. 3.30:

• New and enhanced commands.

• Improved input/output and hard disk access.

• New national language support.

• Code page switching, enabling different screen and printer fonts.

• Support for up to four serial communication ports, running at up to

19,200 Baud each.

• TIME and DATE set the CMOS clock.

• Improved batch file processing (documented in the "MS-DOS

Reference Manual").

• Improved error recovery (see the "MS-DOS Messages" Manual).

New Commands

These are the new commands: APPEND, CALL (batch file command),
CHCP, FASTOPEN,KEYB,NLSFUNC.

Enhanced Commands

These are the enhanced commands: ATTRIB, BACKUP, DATE, EDIT,

FDISK, GRAFTABL, MODE, RESTORE, SELECT, TIME.

1-11 II&DOS 8OF1WARE IfSTALLATION G1JI)E

2. HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOFTWARE
 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOPTWAR.

INTRODUCTION

This installation guide is divided up into chapters and sections; each of

which describes different procedures for different hardware
configurations.

YOU ONLY NEED TO READ ABOUT YOUR HARDWARE

CONFIGURATION

Read this chapter, then read the chapters and sections relevant to your
hardware configuration. The sections for different hardware
configurations are marked as follows:

Floppy Disk Drives

Read Chapter 5 "Floppy Disk Systems". Also read the Sections

commencing:

If you have a Single Floppy Disk Drive...

If you have Two Floppy Disk Drives...

If you have 3 1/2 inch Diskettes.. .

If you have 5 1/4 inch Diskettes.. .

External Diskette Drives

Read the Chapter "Configuring And Initializing MS-DOS". Also read

the Sections commencing:

If You Have An External Olivetti Floppy Disk Drive...

Hard Disk Drives

Read the Chapter "Hard Disk Systems".

BEFORE YOU BEGIN

DISK TYPES

Information is stored either on 3 1/2 in . or on 5 1/4 in. floppy disks or, if

your system has one, on hard disk. This manual will refer to the former
as diskettes and the latter as the hard or fixed disk. The term "disk" will
be used to mean either diskette or hard disk.

Drive letters (A,B,C through to Z) are the means by which commands

can identify a particular drive.

The drive letter of the first diskette drive in any system is "A:". The drive
letter of any second diskette drive is "B:". The drive letter of the first
hard disk is "C:". The drive letters "D:" through to "Z:" are used for
additional hard disks, disk partitions, virtual disks and dummy drives.

For diskette drives, their capacity governs the type of diskette that can
be used in that drive.

Diskettes can have a variety of capacities to hold data; as illustrated in

the following table. See your computer's Installation and Operations
Guide to check what diskette capacities your diskette drive(s) can read
and write.

24 MS-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOFTWARE

5 1/4 Inch Diskettes

The following table shows the different capacities a 5 1/4 inch diskette
may have.

Double Density High Density

40 track 80 track
(48 t. p. i.) ( 96 t.p.i. )

8 sector 9 sector 15 sector

Single Sided 160 KB 180 KB

Double Sided 320 KB 36 0 KB 1.2 MB

Fig. 2-1 51/4 Inch Diskette Capacities

5 1/4 Inch Diskette Compatibility

Standard formatting in Normal-Capacity drives is 40 tracks 9 sectors

per track. Formatting in High-Capacity drives is 80 tracks, 15 sectors
per track. To format diskettes as 40 tracks, 9 sectors per track in
High-Capacity drives use the /4 switch. However note that Normal-
Density diskettes written to in High-Capacity drives cannot be reliably
read in Normal-Capacity drives. To prevent accidental writing to
Normal-Density diskettes in a High-Capacity drive, write protect the
diskette.

24
The following figure shows 5 1/4 inch diskette compatibility in different
drives:

DRIVE

Normal High
Capacity Capacity

Single Double Double

sided sided sided
( 160/180 KB) ( 320/360 KB) (1. 2 MB)

D 48 Single
I tpi sided Read/Write Read/Write Read
S
K Double Read/ Write Read/ Write
E sided
T
T 96 Double
E tpi sided Read/ Write
S

Fig. 2-2 5 1/4 Inch Diskette Type Compatibility in Different Capacity

Drives

3 1/2 Inch Diskette Compatibility

These diskettes have 135 tracks per inch (t.p.i.) and can be formatted
double sided with 80 tracks. Each track can be formatted with nine or
18 sectors. See the following table which shows the different capacities
a 3 1/2 diskette may have:

II8-DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOFTWARI

High Densit y 80 track ( 135 t.p. i.)

9 sector 18 sector

Double Sided 720 KB 1.44 MB

Fig. 2-3 3 1/2 Inch Diskette Capacities

Obviously you should not place 3 1/2 inch diskettes in a 5 1/4 inch
drive, nor can you place 51/4 inch diskettes into a 31/2 inch drive.

3 1/2 Inch Diskette Compatibility

The following figure shows 3 1/2 inch diskette compatibility in different

drives:

DRIVE

720KB 1 . 44MB

D
I 720KB Read/ Write Read/Write (1 )
S Format Format (2 )
K
S 1. 44MB (3 ) Read/Write
Format

Fig. 2-4 3 1/2 Inch Diskette Type Compatibility In Different Capacity

Drives

(1) Once written the diskette cannot be reliably read in a 720KB

drive.

(2) See the Format command for the appropriate options.

(3) Never use a 1.44 MB disk in a 720 KB drive as doing so may

render it unusable.
It is possible to format 720KB diskettes in 1.44 MB drives (see the
Section "How To Format Your Diskettes" further on in this Chapter).
However this formatting is not as reliable as formatting 720 KB
diskettes in a 720 KB drive. Therefore you are recommended to format
720 KB diskettes in 720 KB drives wherever possible. To prevent
accidental writing to 720KB diskettes in a High-Capacity drive, write
protect the diskette.

If You Have An External Olivetti Floppy Disk Drive...

This external floppy disk drive will be a 3 1/2 diskette drive for
computers with 5 1/4 inch internal diskette drive(s); it will be a 5 1/4
inch diskette drive for computers with a 3 1/2 inch internal drives. The 3
1/2 inch external drive is called a Microbox. The 5 1/4 inch external
drive is called a Minibox.

See the Software Manual included in the external drive kit for details of
software installation.

WRITE PROTECT YOUR MASTER DISKETTES

The following important precaution prevents you from inadvertently

destroying files on your master diskettes.

If you have 3 1/2 inch Diskettes...

Click the Write Protect Tag to the write protect position as shown in the
following figure:

II8-D08 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIJE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SO.TWAR

o
o

o o

Fig. 2-5 How To Write Protect Your 31/2 inch Diskette

If you have 5 1/4 inch Diskettes ...

Wrap around a sticky write-protect tab around the write protect notch as
shown in the following figure:

2-7
Fig. 2-6 How To Write Protect Your 51/4 inch Diskette

TURNING YOUR COMPUTER ON

After connecting the computer together as instructed in your

"Installation and Operations Manual", locate the ON/OFF switch and
switch it to ON . Diagnostic tests are now performed .

BOOTSTRAPPING YOUR COMPUTER

Place the master startup or supplemental system diskette into the

diskette drive of your Personal Computer called drive "A:". Close the
drive door. Press the system reset button. This is known as a
"hardware bootstrap".

II&DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SO.TWAR

Or you can perform a "software bootstrap" by pressing the CTRL key

down, holding it and then pressing the AL T key and then finally, while
still holding the other two keys pressing the DEL key. From now on this
is referred to as pressing CTRL AL T DEL simultaneously.

A system reset has the same effect as switching the Personal

Computer off and back on again, but makes less demands on its
components.

On the completion of the diagnostic tests, MS-DOS system files are

loaded into memory. This process is known as "bootstrapping" or
"booting up". You will be asked for the date and then the current date
will be displayed. If this is correct, press ENTER, otherwise type the
correct date. The current time is then displayed. If this is correct, press
ENTER, otherwise enter the correct time.

Lastly the following message appears:

A)

This is the MS-DOS system prompt. It indicates that MS-DOS is ready

to accept commands from your keyboard.

If you subsequently prepare a hard disk for booting up MS-DOS, and

you do not have a system diskette in drive "A:", your MS-DOS system
will boot up from the hard disk, and the system prompt will appear as
follows:

C)

If you have a hard disk, but have not prepared it for booting up MS-
DOS, when you reset your computer without a diskette in the "A:" drive
a message similar to the following will appear:
Rom BASIC not a v ailable ,
Press reset to re - boot

Do as the message says, however you must press the "reset" button
on your computer; a keyboard (soft) reset may not work.
HOW TO TERMINATE YOUR WORKING SESSION

You can bring your working session to an end in anyone of two ways:

• By switching off the computer using the ON/OFF switch on the

back panel. Do not switch it off when the hard disk or the floppy
disk is in use (this is usually indicated by a light).

• By pressing CTRL ALTO EL keys simultaneously or by pressing the

hardware reset button. Do not reset when the hard disk or the
floppy disk is in use, as you may corrupt your files.

THE DEFAULT DRIVE

The A> (or C> ) is the standard MS-DOS prompt from the command
processor. It tells you that MS-DOS is ready to accept commands. For
systems that do not have a hard disk you will always load MS-DOS
from drive "A:" .

The A (or C ) in the MS-DOS prompt indicates the default disk drive.
This means that MS-DOS will search only that drive for any commands
or other file names that you enter and will perform the specified task on
that disk unless you specify a different drive.

For example, if following the A> prompt you type:

DIR
then press the ENTER key.

Then the DIR command is executed on the default drive. But if you
type:

DIR B:
then press the ENTER key.

the DIR command is executed on drive "B:", but drive "A:" remains the
default drive. To change the default drive to drive "B:" you must type:

B:
then press the ENTER key.

2-10 MS-DOS SOFtWARE INSTALL.ATION GUIDE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOPTWARE

and MS-DOS will respond:

B)

Subsequently, MS-DOS will search only the diskette in drive "B:" until
you specify a different default drive.

DRIVE LETTERS FOR SINGLE DRIVE SYSTEMS

If you have a single diskette drive system it is as though you had a

system with two diskette drives, except that drive "A:" and drive "B: "
represent two diskettes instead of two drives. You enter commands
exactly as you would using a dual-drive system and MS-DOS will
prompt you when you need to change diskettes.

PREPARING WORKING COPIES OF YOUR SYSTEM

DISKETTES

It is strongly recommended that you prepare working copies of your

MS-DOS System Diskette(s). If your working copy becomes damaged,
or if the files are accidentally erased, you will still have the files on your
master diskette.

The DISKCOPY command copies the contents of one diskette onto

another. You can use this command to duplicate the MS-DOS system
diskette, or a diskette that contains your own files. DISKCOPY is the
fastest way of copying a diskette because it copies the entire diskette in
one operation, including MS-DOS system files if they exist. However,
note that the DISKCOPY command can only be used where the source
and target diskettes have the same capacity.

To make a copy of your MS-DOS master system diskette. First make

sure that it is write protected. Then obtain a blank diskette of the same
specification as the master diskette, write a label for it copying the label
on the master diskette. Make sure the blank diskette is not write
protected.

2-11
If you have a Single Floppy Disk Drive ...

Insert the operating disk in drive "A:" and type:

DISKCOPY A: A:
then press ENTER

DISKCOPY prompts:
Insert source diskette in drive A:
Strike any key when ready

Insert the master diskette you wish to copy in drive A:. After you have
struck any key, DISKCOPY then reads some or all of your source
diskette (depending on the main memory capacity of your computer).

DISKCOPY then prompts:

Insert destination diskette in drive A:
Strike any key when ready

DISKCOPY may prompt you in this way more than once, depending on
the main memory storage capacity of your computer.

CAUTION

You must make sure that you insert the correct source and target
diskettes as DISKCOPY does not know the difference. Moreover, you
are strongly recommended to write-protect your source diskette to
avoid inadvertently overwriting it.

If you have Two Floppy Disk Drives of the same capacity...

Insert the operating disk in drive "A:", at the "A>" prompt type: "B:", at
the "A>" prompt type:

DISKCOPY A: B:
then press ENTER

Ms-DOS SOFtWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOFTWARE

DISKCOPY prompts:
Insert source diskette in drive A:
Insert destination diskette in drive B:
Strike any key when ready

Insert the master diskette in drive "A:" and the target diskette in drive
"B:", then press any key and copying will commence. As the copying
commences, a message similar to the following appears on the screen:
Copying 2 side(s), 9 sectors per track

If your target diskette was not formatted, DISKCOPY will format it as it

copies. After MS-DOS has copied the diskette, MS-DOS displays:
Copy complete
Copy another disk (yiN)?

Press Y (for Yes) if you wish to copy another diskette with the
DISKCOPY command. If you press N (for No), the default drive prompt
is displayed.

If you have Two Floppy Disk Drives, but of different capacities ..

Follow the instructions stated under" If you have a Single Floppy Disk
Drive ... ".

If DISKCOPY fails and outputs ...

Drive types or diskette types not compatible

Then try formatting the target diskette to have the same capacity as the
source diskette. See the following Section "How To Format Your
Diskettes".
Diskette bad or incompatible

Then you are either copying from a source drive incompatible with the
target drive or you are using a bad diskette. In the latter case, .try a new
diskette.

2·13
Keep Your Master Diskettes Safe

From now on, only use your working copies of MS-DOS. Put your
master diskettes away in a safe place and only use them for producing
new working copies.

Note

If either of the diskettes that you are using has defective tracks, the
DISKCOPY command will not work reliably. Use the COPY (or
XCOPY) command to back-up your diskettes in these cases. COPY
will skip over defective tracks. But note that some of the system files
are "hidden" and cannot be copied using the COPY command.
Therefore, before copying your system diskette using the COPY
command you must format the target diskette using the FORMAT
command with the IS option.

HOW TO FORMAT YOUR DISKETTES

You must format all new diskettes before they can be used by MS-
DOS.

A blank diskette must be formatted with the FORMAT command . The

FORMAT command changes the format of the diskette to one that
MS-DOS can use. If the diskette is not already blank, formatting it will
destroy any data that exists on the diskette.

Formatting places the tracks on a diskette and creates an empty

directory and file access table for that diskette. The directory and file
access table is the means by which MS-DOS indexes the files on the
diskette.

If you type:

FORMAT B:
then press ENTER

2-14 II8-D08 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOFTWARI

FORMAT issues the following message:

Insert ne w diskette for drive B:
and strike ENTER when ready

After you insert the new diskette in drive "B:" and have pressed the
ENTER key, formatting begins and the system keeps you informed of
the progress of the FORMAT command by responding:
Head: x Cylinder : y

Where the head-value can be 0 or 1, and the cylinder-value increases

from 1 to the number of cylinders (tracks) formatted . When format has
finished you will receive a message such as:
362496 bytes total disk space
362496 bytes available on disk

Format another (y i N) ?

Press Y to format another diskette. Press N to terminate the FORMAT

program .

If you include IS at the end of the command line you will cause the
FORMAT command to copy the system files to the target diskette as
well as formatting that diskette. That is, it will give you a diskette from
which you can boot MS-DOS. In this case, the system will typically
respond:
362496 bytes total disk space
41984 bytes use d by system
320512 bytes available on disk

If you include IV at the end of the command line you will be given the
option to label the diskette. When formatting is complete you will be
prompted:
Vo l ume la b el ( 11 characters. ENTER for none ) ?

You can enter any valid string up to 11 characters followed by ENTER.

However, if you do not wish to assign a label to the diskette, simply
press ENTER. See the "LABEL command" in chapter 7 of the "MS-DOS
User Guide" for details of valid label characters.

2-15
For example you could assign the label PROGRAMS to a diskette
containing programs. You can use such a label to check that you are
using the correct diskette. The label will be displayed if you issue either
a DIR command or a VOL command. If at a later stage you wish to
give the diskette a new label use the LABEL command . See the "MS-
DOS User Guide" for more details.

If you have a High-Capacity 5 1/4 inch Floppy Disk Drive...

Standard formatting in Normal-Capacity drives is 40 tracks, 9 sectors

per track, that is 360 KB. Formatting in High-Capacity drives is 80
tracks, 15 sectors per track, that is 1.2 MB. To format double sided
double density diskettes as 40 track, 9 sectors per track in a High-
Capacity drive type the following command:

FORMAT A: /4
then press ENTER

However note that a Normal-Capacity diskette written to in a High-

Capacity drive cannot be reliably read in Normal-Capacity drives. To
prevent accidentally writing to Normal-Capacity diskettes in a High-
Capacity drive, write protect these diskettes.

If you have a 1.44 MB 31/2 Floppy Disk Drive...

Standard formatting in 720KB drives is 80 tracks, 9 sectors per track,

that is 720 KB. Formatting in 1.44 MB drives is 80 tracks, 18 sectors
per track, that is 1.44 MB. To format 1 MB unformatted diskettes as.80
tracks, 9 sectors per track in a 1.44 MB drive type the following
command:

FORMAT A: /T:80 /N:9

then press ENTER

Warning: Do not format 2 MB unformatted 3 1/2 inch diskettes with

the above command as you will permanently damage the diskette.

2-1' MS-DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOFTWARE

CONFIGURING AND INITIALIZING MS·DOS

When MS-DOS is bootstrapped it searches for two special files called

CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT. You will still be able to use MS-
DOS if you do not have these files, but they will help you take greater
advantage of the facilities of the operating system.

THE CONFIG.SYS FILE

When you start MS-DOS, it automatically searches in the root directory

of the booting disk for a file called CONFIG.SYS. This file contains
special commands that let you set up (configure) MS-DOS for use with
devices or application programs. See Chapter 7 "Configuring And
Initializing MS-DOS" for instructions on how to set up or change
CONFIG.SYS. See Appendix B "CONFIG.SYS Commands" for details
of the CONFIG.SYS command declarations.

THE AUTOEXEC.BAT FILE

When you start MS-DOS, the second file it searches for in the root
directory of the booting disk for a file called AUTOEXEC.BAT.
AUTOEXEC.BAT automatically performs any set of commands you
would normally give when you start MS-DOS.

For example, you may want to have MS-DOS display the names of
your files each time you load MS-DOS.

If there is an AUTOEXEC.BAT when you start MS-DOS, you are not

prompted for date and time.

See Chapter 7 "Configuring And Initializing MS-DOS" for instructions

on how to set up or change AUTOEXEC.BAT.

2·17
SETTING UP YOUR DISK FOR NATIONAL SUPPORT

THE SELECT COMMAND

This command automatically creates a MS-DOS System with an

CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT that correctly initializes the
computer for your keyboard and national conventions for date and time.
See the Chapter 3 "Keyboards And Fonts" and either Chapter 5
"Floppy Disk Systems" or Chapter 6 "Hard Disk Systems" for details of
how to use the SELECT command.

KEYBOARD AND SCREEN SUPPORT

When you start MS-DOS, input from the keyboard and output to the
screen is handled by the BIOS (the Basic Input Output System).
Initially this expects the keyboard to have USA characters on it.
However your national keyboard may differ from the USA one, and the
characters that appear on the screen may also differ. Your opetating
system disk needs to be set up so that it automatically reconfigures the
BIOS to cope with your national requirements. See the "Keyboards
and Fonts" Chapter for details of the programs which reconfigure the
BIOS.

If you have a USA ASCII keyboard your system will automatically

interpret the characters you type at the keyboard correctly. If you have
a national version of the keyboard, however, you must install the driver
KEYB each time you start up your system and possibly you need to
install an extension to the built-in "font table". The KEYB keyboard
driver provides the tables that tell the system what code to generate for
each key pressed. A font table provides the characters that are
displayed on the screen . The command GRAFTABL accesses the font
tables for extensions to the ASCII characters.

In addition to national version tables, your system contains tables for

the standard USA ASCII keyboards. As soon as you reboot your
system, the appropriate USA ASCII driver for your keyboard is
reinstalled.

2-18 Ms-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOFTWARE

If you wish a specific keyboard driver and font to be loaded

automatically immediately after bootstrap you must create an
AUTOEXEC.BAT file with the appropriate KEYB and GRAFTABL
commands in it.

Of course you have to ensure that KEYB and it's associated files are
present on the system diskette you use to boot up your system .

See Chapter 7 "Configuring And Initializing MS-DOS" for more

information on AUTOEXEC.BAT files .

Note that your system diskette may already be customized, with the
appropriate AUTOEXEC.BAT file and transferred keyboard driver,
when you receive it. If you are in doubt, try those keys on the keyboard
that differ between USA ASCII and your national version. You will soon
see whether you have the correct driver installed.

Calling The USA ASCII Driver

When a national keyboard driver is installed, it is possible to call the

USA ASCII keyboard version by using the three-key combination CTRL
AL T F1 . When you do this, you can return to the national keyboard
version by using another three-key combination, CTRL AL T F2.

Such swapping between national and USA ASCII versions may be

necessary in order to use certain application or communication
packages.

Key combinations are summarized as follows:

KEY CO MBI NAT IO N ACTIO N

CTRL ALT Fl Calls t h e USA ASCII k ey b oar d d river

CTRL ALT F2 Calls t h e n atio n al keyboard driver

MS· DOS COUNTRY SPECIFIC OPERATIONS SUPPORT

MS-DOS can be configured for different country's requirements for:

• date

• time

• currency symbol

• decimal separator

This is achieved by making the declaration:

COUNTRY =country-code

in the CONFIG.SYS file . (See Appendix B "CONFIG.SYS Commands"

for more details.)

CODE PAGE NATIONAL LANGUAGE SUPPORT

Code page national language support allows different character set

fonts to be displayed on suitable display and printer devices.

Devices Which Support Code Page Switching

Video display controllers, which are EGA or VGA compatible, support

code page switching. The Olivetti OEC is EGA compatible.

Printers which are IBM Proprinter Model 4201 or IBM Ouietwriter III
Model 5202 compatible, support code page switching. The Olivetti
Advanced Range of Dot Matrix printers are Proprinter compatible
(these printers only support the USA ASCII code page 437). The
Olivetti TH760S is Ouietwriter III compatible.

If you do not have the above devices you cannot use code page
switching.

2·20 Ms-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLAnON GUIDE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOFTWARB

Code Page National Character Sets Supported by Code Pages

Although most users will probably only use the character set that
matches their keyboard , it is useful to know that MS-DOS can generate
other characters which do not necessarily correspond to your keyboard .
This information is particularly useful to multilingual translators. This
version of MS-DOS supports eight different code pages, two of which
support more than one national character set. The existing code pages
and the languages they support are:

• United States (English) Code Page

• Multilingual (Latin Language Based) Code Page:

Australian

Belgian

Canadian French

Danish

Dutch

Finnish

French

German

Italian

Norwegian

Portuguese

International Spanish

National Spanish

Swedish

2-21
 Swiss French

Swiss German

UK English

US English

• Portuguese Code Page

• Nordic Code Page:

Danish

Norwegian

• National Spain Code Page

• Greek Code Page

• German Special Font (GS) Code Page

See Chapter 4 "Code Page Switching" for details of installation and

usage.

DISPLAYING THE CHARACTER SET

To display the character corresponding to a given ASCII code (decimal

1 thru 255) , type:

ALT number

Where number is the three-digit decimal code for the character. Use
the numeric keypad not the numbers on the top row of the main body
of the keyboard.

Note that some of the characters in the ASCII range 1 thru 32 cannot
be reproduced on the screen using this technique.

2-22 Ms-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SOFTWARE

Appendix A "Code Page Tables")5 shows the complete character set of

extended ASCII characters.

If you have a Non USA Keyboard ...

You may be having difficulty in typing certain characters, in particular

the: : \ I - ' characters. The following table gives the AL T key
combinations to ameliorate this difficulty.

TO GENERATE CHARACTER PRESS ALT AND THE NUMBERS ON THE

NUMERIC PAD

5 then 8

\ 9 t h en 2

1 t h en 2 then 4

1 t h en 2 then 6

9 then 6

2·23
3. KEYBOARDS AND FONTS
 KaY.OARDS AND FONTS

INTRODUCTION

When yQU start MS-DOS, input from the keyboard and output to the
screen is handled by the BIOS (the Basic Input Output System).
Initially this expects you to have a USA keyboard. However your
national keyboard may differ from the USA keyboard, and the
characters that appear on the screen may also differ.

If you have a non-USA keyboard, your operating system disk needs to

be set up so that it automatically reconfigures the BIOS to cope with
your national requirements.

If you have a USA ASCII keyboard your system will automatically

interpret the characters you type at the keyboard correctly. If you have
a National version, however, you must install an appropriate "keyboard
driver" each time you start up your system and possibly you need to
install an extension to the built-in "font table". A keyboard driver
provides the tables that tell the system what code to generate for each
key pressed.

KEYBOARD DRIVERS

When received, your system is configured to recognize the USA ASCII

version of the keyboard. If you have a National keyboard you must
execute the following procedure to define your keyboard to the system.

Refer to the following table to find the KEYB parameter corresponding

to your national keyboard version.
NATIONAL VERSION KEYB PARAMETER GRAFTABL PARA METER

Belgium* BE 850
Denmark DK 865
Finland SU 437
France FR 437
Greece GK 210
Germany GR 437
Germany Special Font (GS ) GS 190
Italy IT 437
Netherlands NL 437
Norway NO 865
Portugal PO 860
Spain ( International ) SP 437
Spain ( National ) Sl 220
Sweden SV 437
Swiss/French SF 437
Swiss/German SG 437
United Kingdom UK 437
United States US 437

* For New Industry Standard 102 Key Keyboard only.

Insert the MS-DOS Startup Diskette into drive "A:" . At the "A>" prompt,
type:

KEYBxx
then press ENTER

Where

xx corresponds to the two letters that specify your keyboard type.

MS-DOS SOFtWARE INSTALLAllON GUIDE

 KaY.OARDS AND FONTS

For Example

KEYB IT

For the detailed use of this command, see Appendix E.

FONTS

A font table provides the characters that are displayed on the screen in
graphics modes. The GRAFTABL command with the parameter listed
in the table loads a table of data in memory that defines national
characters, that is, the extensions to the ASCII character set, for the
colour/graphics adapter.

For Example

If you have an Italian keyboard, at the "A>" prompt, type:

GRAFTABL 437
then press ENTER

See Appendix E "MS-DOS Commands" for details of this command

and see Appendix A for the tables illustrating the font.

SETTING UP YOUR SYSTEM DISK

To save typing in the above commands to call the keyboard driver and
font every time you reset your computer, it is better to have the
commands in an AUTOEXEC.BAT file. You must make sure that the
National keyboard driver is present on the system diskette you use to
boot up your system.

Note also that your system diskette may already be customized, with
the appropriate AUTOEXEC.BAT file when you receive it. If you are in
doubt, try those keys on the keyboard that differ between USA ASCII
and your National version. You will soon see whether you have the
correct driver installed.
THE SELECT COMMAND

This command creates a working copy of the MS-DOS System with an

AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS that correctly initializes the
computer for your keyboard and National conventions for time and
date. The following table shows the country-code and keyboard-code
you will need as parameters to the SELECT command:

NAT I ONA L VERSI ON c oun t ry -co d e k e ybo ar d -co d e

De nm ar k 04 5 DK
Fi n la nd 358 SU
Fr an ce 0 33 FR
Ger ma ny 0 49 GR
Ital y 0 39 IT
Ne th er l a nd s 031 NL
No rw ay 04 7 NO
Po r t u ga l 351 PO
Sp ai n I n ter n at ion a l 034 SP
Swede n 04 6 SV
S wiss - Fre n c h 04 1 SF
S wiss - Ger ma n 04 1 SG
Un ite d Ki n g d o m 044 UK
Un ite d States 00 1 US

Tab. 3-1 Country Code and Keyboard Code For The Select Command

If you have a Floppy Disk Based System ...

The Chapter "Floppy Disk Systems" tells you how to use the SELECT
command to install MS-DOS on Floppy Disk.

If you have a Hard Disk Based System ...

The Chapter "Hard Disk Systems" tells you how to use the the SELECT
command to install MS-DOS on your hard disk.

Ms-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 KaY.OARDS AND FONTS

NATIONAL KEYBOARDS

KEYBOARD LAYOUTS

See the manual that came with your PC for drawings of the layouts of
Olivetti Personal Computer Keyboards.

MULTI-CHARACTER KEYS

On some National keyboards, there are a number of keys marked with

more than two symbols.

Depending on the position of the symbol on the key, there is a specific

combination of other, special keys that must be pressed and held down
before pressing the particular key you want.

There is a total of five possible symbol positions on any key marked

with more than two symbols, although not all of them will necessarily be
found on all such keys.

Position 1 On a key marked with three or more symbols on the

top, this is the symbol on the bottom left-hand corner
of the key.

It is selected by pressing the key by itself.

Position 2 Again, for the same type of key, this is the symbol
marked on the top left-hand corner of the key.

It is selected by pressing SHI FT + KEY.

Position 3 This is the symbol marked on the bottom right-hand

corner of the key.

It is selected by pressing AL T + KEY.

Position 4 This is the symbol marked on the top right-hand

corner of the key.
 It is selected by pressing AL T + SHI FT + KEY.

Position 5 This is the symbol marked on the front of some keys.

It is selected by pressing All + CTRL + KEY

simultaneously.

Note: If you have a New Industry standard 102 key keyboard, you can
press the ALTGR key instead of the ALT CTRL keys.

Multi-character keys: Some keys generate up to five characters. The

position of these five characters on the key is shown in the following
figure:

Fig. 3-2 Multi-character Key Top

MSoDOS SOFIWARE INSTALLAlION GUIDE

 KIVBOARDS AND .ONTS

SWISS-GERMAN/SWISS-FRENCH KEYBOARD

The Swiss Keyboard supports both Swiss-French and Swiss-German

requirements. However, to use the keyboard in one mode or the other,
the appropriate keyboard driver must be loaded. Please note that
although some keys have four symbols marked on them , only one pair
of them will be active according to which keyboard driver you have
loaded.

Thus, if you have loaded the Swiss-German keyboard driver, the two
symbols on the left-hand side of the key will be selected by following
the instructions given for symbol positions 1 and 2.

If you have loaded the Swiss-French keyboard , the two symbols on the
right-hand side of the key will be selected, but nevertheless you should
still follow the instructions given for symbol positions 1 and 2.

The drivers affect the following three keys, as illustrated:

Swiss-German Swiss-French

~
':a
ala
I
I
I

Fig. 3-3 Swiss Keyboard Variations

PORTUGAL KEYBOARD

The characters i..i and Uwith diaeresis pOints are generated by pressing
the tilde key followed by the lower case or upper case U as required.

DEAD SYMBOLS

Some National keyboards support certain symbols that can be used

only in conjunction with another key - they cannot be used on their own.
Such symbols are called dead symbols. The dead symbols are
shown below:

" -
These symbols are used to generate lesser-used accented characters
not available as separate keyboard characters.

For each keyboard version, there is a set of valid dead symbol

combinations. To generate an accented character, the dead symbol
must be pressed first; MS-DOS then checks the next character entered
to ensure that a valid combination has been entered. If the combination
is invalid the symbol and the character will be displayed on the screen.

The following table shows the possible dead symbol/character

combinations for each of the National keyboard versions.

USoDOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 KEYBOARDS AND FONTS

DEAD SYMBOLS
KEYBOARD SUPPORTED VALID CHARACTERS

FRANCE
. . ,AAioOOOy
- A 6 tOO

GERMANY aeEf6uaeiou

GREECE
. cii~to'u'w'ii.i
- AEHi6rn

PORTUGAL
-
· - aef6uAEIoO
aelouAEIOu
A60A~O
AOIiAONOO

SPAIN INTERNATIONAL, · . aeEf6uaeiou

NORWAY, DENMARK,
SWEDEN/FINLAND
- A6 i 0 a
~H~ioOyAOO
NORWAY

SPAIN
. aef6uAEIoO
- aelouAEO
a~ioOyAOO

SWISS-FRENCH · .. - aef6uEaeiou
SWISS-GERMAN - A6 i 0 a
AlliOOyAOOIiN
- New Industry Standard 102 Key Keyboard only.

KEYS WITH INVISIBLE CHARACTERS

The National versions of the M24 Keyboard 2 for France, Germany,

Italy, Spain International and Switzerland support characters not shown
on the keyboard, but which can be generated.
These invisible characters, and the key combinations required to
generate them, are listed in the following table:

COUNTRY INVISIBLE KEY KEY COMBINATION

FRANCE ALl SHIFT (8

ALl SHIFT [J
ALl SHIFT (Q
ALl SHIFl GJ
GERMANY ALl SHIFT (8
ALl SHIFT [J
ALl SHIFT G]
ALl SHIFT []
ALl SHIFT
~
ITALY ALl SHIFT (8
ALl SHIFT (Q
ALl SHIFT (Q
ALl SHIFT
GJ
ALl SHIFT (Q
SPAIN INTERNATIONAL ALl SHIFT (8
ALl SHIFT (Q
ALl SHIFT [J
ALl
0
SWISS-FRENCH ALl SHIFT CQ
SWISS-GERMAN ALl SHIFT (Q

3-10 MS-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLA110N GUIDE

4. HOW TO USE CODE PAGES
 HOW TO USE CODE PAGES

INTRODUCTION

MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 provides national language support through the use
of language-specific code pages. If you live in , or work with , a country
other than the United States, you may choose to use the MS-DOS
commands that support code page switching.

The implementation of code page switching is designed around MS-

DOS 3.30. The previous solution to national language support used by
MS-DOS 3.20 used a different system. You therefore should not mix
the two systems.

What Is a Code Page?

A code page is a table that defines the character set you are using. A
character set is a country-specific or language-specific group of
characters that are translated from the code page table and displayed
by your screen or printer. Each code page character set contains 256
characters and is identified by a unique number.

MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 supports seven different code pages:

437 United States code page.

850 Multilingual code page. This code page includes all characters
for most languages of European, North American , and South
American countries.

860 Portuguese code page.

865 Nordic code page. This code page includes all characters for
the Norwegian and Danish languages.

220 National Spain code page.

210 Greek code page.

190 German Special Font (GS) code page. This code page uses
the USA ASCII character set, with a different font.

Country and Keyboard Codes

MS-DOS also provides national language support through the use of

two other codes:

country code Defines the conventions of the country which you

want to adopt. MS-DOS uses this code to prepare
and assign default code pages for your system .
MS-DOS recognizes 19 different country codes.

keyboard code Defines the type of keyboard you are using. MS-
DOS recognizes 20 different keyboard codes.

NATIONAL LANGUAGE SUPPORT CODES

The following table lists each country (or language) supported by MS-
DOS Ver. 3.30. The table also lists the two code pages which may be
prepared for that specific country, and related keyboard codes. If you
do not specify a country code, MS-DOS uses USA as the default
country and uses the code page built into the hardware.

MS-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO USE CODE PAGES

COUNTRY/LANGUAGE CODE PAGES KEYBOARD CODE

United States 437,850 US

Greek 210,850 GK
Netherlands 437,850 NL
Belgium 437,850 BE
France 437,850 FR
Spain International 437,850 SP
Spain National 220,850 Sl
Italy 437,850 IT
Switzerland 437,850 SF,SG
United Kingdom 437 , 850 UK
Denmark 865 , 850 DK
Sweden 437 , 850 SV
Norway 865 , 850 NO
Germany 437,850 GR
GS (Germany) 190,85 0 GS
Portugal 860,850 PO
Finland 437,850 SU

COMMANDS THAT SUPPORT NATIONAL LANGUAGES

Several MS-DOS commands - new and old - support code page

selection and national languages.

NEW MS-DOS COMMANDS

Two New Commands

MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 includes two new commands:

NLSFUNC Loads the file containing country-specific information.

CHCP Displays or changes the current code page for the system
and all prepared devices.
ENHANCED MS-DOS COMMANDS

Three Enhanced Commands

In addition to the new commands, MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 includes

enhanced MS-DOS commands that support code page selection. The
most significant enhancements include

KEYB Allows you to select a country-specific keyboard code for

the keyboard you are using, and a code page for the
character set you prefer. You may also select an alternate
keyboard definition file (other than the default
KEYBOARD.SYS file) with this command, if another exists.

MODE Includes several new options:

• Preparing a code page for a device

• Selecting a code page for a device

• Displaying the code pages prepared and selected for a

device

• Refreshing code pages that were lost due to hardware

error

SELECT Installs MS-DOS on a disk with selected country-specific

information and keyboard code. Note that SELECT does not
support country specific information for Spain1, Greece or
Germany (GS) , nor does it support their respective code
pages.

Ms-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO USE CODE PAGES

NEW AND ENHANCED CONFIGURATION COMMANDS

CONFIG.SYS Commands

Two CONFIG .SYS commands also support country-specific

information:

COUNTRY Identifies the country in which you work or live. This

command also defines country-specific conventions to be
used, such as date and time formats and sorting
sequence for the character set.

DEVICE Installs device drivers in the system, including two MS-

DOS installable device drivers that support code page
switching. These device drivers are called :

DISPLAY.SYS Used to install a standard console

screen device with code-page support.

PRINTER.SYS Used to install a standard parallel or

serial printer with code-page support.

DATE AND TIME FORMATS

Language-Specific Date and Time Formats

Four other MS-DOS commands - DATE, BACKUP, RESTORE , and

TIME - now use country-specific date and time conventions, based on
the code pages you choose to use.

The following table lists the date and time formats related to each
country (or language group) . These formats are determined by the
country code set in your CONFIG.SYS file .
For each country, the DATE FORMAT column shows how MS-DOS
would display January 3, 1989, and the TIME FORMAT column shows
how MS-DOS would display 5:35 p.m. (with zero seconds and zero
hundredths of seconds).

COUNTRY/LANGUAGE COUNTRY CODE DATE FORMAT TIME FORMAT

United States 001 1 - 15-1989 17 : 35:00.00

French/Canadian 002 1989-01-15 17:35:00,00
Latin America 003 15/01/1989 17 : 35:00.00
Gre e ce 030 15/01/1989 17 : 35:00,00
Netherlands 031 15 - 01 - 1989 17 : 35:00 , 00
Belgium 032 15/01/1989 17 : 35:00 , 00
France 033 15/01/1989 17:35:00 , 00
Spain 034 15/01/1989 17:35:00,00
Italy 039 15/01/1989 17 : 35:00,00
Switzerland 041 15.01.1989 17 . 35.00.00
United Kingdom 044 15 - 01-1989 17:35:00.00
Denmark 045 15-01-1989 17.35.00,00
Sweden 046 1989 - 01 - 15 17.35.00 , 00
Norway 047 15/01/1989 17 . 35.00 , 00
Germany 049 15.01.1989 17.35.00 , 00
Germany (GS) 190 15.01.1989 17 . 35 . 00,00
Australia 061 15 - 01 - 1989 17 : 35 : 00 . 00
Portugal 351 15/01/1989 17:35 : 00 , 00
Finland 358 15 . 01.1989 17 . 35 . 00,00

Notes

Both Swiss-French and Swiss-German use country code 041.

If your required country code is not supported, choose one that

supports your national conventions.

Ms-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLAnON GUIDE

 HOW TO USE CODE PAGES

HOW TO USE CODE PAGES

Setting the System Code Page

For the code page feature to operate correctly, it is necessary to carry

out a series of things first. Specific commands must be added to your
config.sys file and others should be added to your autoexec.bat file .
The following is a step by step description of how to prepare your
system for code page switching. A sample entry is given for each step.
The example assumes that you have an OVC or OEC video controllor
board with USA ASCII hardware character generation (equivalent to
Code Page 437) . It assumes that you have an Olivetti TH 760/S printer.
It also assumes that your load able device drivers are stored under a
directory called DRIVERS on drive C:. The example assumes that you
wish to set your system up to work in Italian.

In your config.sys file:

1. Set the countrycode for the county of your choice. A sample entry
may be:

COUNTRY=039,850 c:\drivers\country.sys

This statement states that the country selected is Italy and that the
code page to be used first is 850. (the two legal code pages for
Italy being 858 and 437) . It also loads the country.sys driver.

2. Type the DEVICE statement that loads the DISPLAY.SYS driver.

For a correct definition of this statement you should know which
hardware character set is built into your video controllor board. A
sample entry may be:

DEVICE=c:\drivers\display.sys con:=(ega,437,2}

This statement defines your console device as EGA, your

hardware code page as 437 and tells the system to reserve space
for two more code pages.

3. If you intend to use a printer you must include a DEVICE

 statement for your particular printer. A sample entry may be:

DEVICE=c:\system\printer.sys Ipt1 :=(5202,437,2)

This states that your printer is connected to the first parallel port,
that your printer is IBM Quietwriter III model 5202 compatible and
that its built in hardware code page is 437. It also reserves room
for two more code pages.

Note: There is no limit to the number of times you can use the DEVICE
command in your CONFIG.SYS file.

For a description of the COUNTRY and DEVICE commands see

Appendix B.

In your autoexec.bat file:

1. Add the KEYB command . This command loads the national

keyboard program to replace the keyboard program resident in
ROM BIOS to support the language you have selected for your
keyboard. A sample entry may be:

KEYB it 850 c:\drivers\keyboard.sys

This tells the system that you have an Italian keyboard and that the
code page to be used is 850 (international). It also loads the
keyboard driver.

2. Add the NLSFUNC command. A sample entry may be:

NLSFUNC

This command needs to be added if you intend to use the CHCP

command later.

3. Prepare the Code Pagels for each device you intend using.
Naturally if you are using codepages you must prepare it for the
console screen device. A sample entry may be:

MODE CON:CP PREP=((850,437)c:\system\EGAcpi)

Ms-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO USE CODE PAGES

If for example you want to prepare code page 850 for the parallel
printer connected to LPT1 you would add the following command:

MODE LPT1 CP PREP=((850) c:\system\5202.cpi

The number of code pages prepared for a device with the MODE
command must not exceed the maximum number declared in the
corresponding DEVICE command in the CONFIG.SYS file.

4. Use the MODE SELECT command to select the code page you
wish to work with first, do this for each device that has a code page
prepared. This is useful if you expect to use the same code page
most of the time.

Using this example, you would enter the following:

MODE CON: CP SEL=850

MODE LPT1 CP SEL=850

When you have done this reboot your system.

Note: For a description of the KEYS, NLSFUNC and MODE

commands see Appendix E.

Changing Character Sets

To switch between code pages you may use two commands: CHCP
and MODE . The COUNTRY command that you defined in your
CONFIG.SYS file associates two code pages with the country of your
choice and selects the one specified in the command. To switch to the
other code page associated with your country, use the CHCP
command. Using the same example we have used in explaining how to
set your system up for code page switching, to switch to the second
code page prepared for your system you would enter:

CHCP437

If, on the other hand you wish to switch code page for a single device
you would use the MODE CODEPAGE SELECT command. For
example to activate prepared code page 437 for your CON device, you
would type the following command:

MODE CON CP SEL=437

Note: For code page switching to work you must include the NLSFUNC
command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. The command may also be
entered from the keyboard. If you forget to type the NLSFUNC
command, MS-DOS will not allow you to use CHCP to switch code
pages or keyboard codes.

HOW TO LIST CURRENT CODE PAGES

You can list the current prepared and selected code pages for your
console screen or a parallel printer by using the MODE command in the
following form:

MODE device CODEPAGE

Displaying Current Device Code Pages

For example, to display the current code pages for your console screen
device, type the following:

MODE CON CODEPAGE

MS-DOS displays a message similar to this one:

Active codepage for device CON is 437

hardware codepages:
Codepage 850
prepared codepages:
Codepage 437
Codepage 850
MODE Status Codepage function completed

4-10 Ms-DOS SOFIWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HOW TO USE CODE PAGES

OEC AUTOSWITCH MODE

See the OEC Installation Guide to see whether you hav set the
switches on the display controller to operate in Autoswitch Mode.

Warning

If your OEC is set to Autoswitch Mode and you wish to use Code Page
Switching do not declare:

DEVICE=ANSI .SYS

in the CONFIG.SYS of the booting system disk.

Alternatively if you do wish to declare ANSI.SYS and use Code Page

Switching, reset the switches on the display controller to a non-
Autoswitch , EGA Emulation Mode. To reset the switches see your OEC
Installation Guide.

HOW TO REFRESH LOST CODE PAGES

It is possible for prepared code pages to be lost due to hardware errors

or other reasons. For example, if you prepared code pages for your
printer, and then turned off the printer, the current code page may be
lost. You can use the REFRESH keyword with the MODE command to
restore the lost code page.

Refreshing Lost Code Pages

To illustrate, suppose you had selected code page 850 as the active
code page for your console screen (CON), but because of a hardware
error, the active code page was lost. You could type the following
commands to reinstate the active code pages for your screen :

MODE CON CODEPAGE PREPARE=«850) EGA.CPI)

MODE CON CODEPAGE REFRESH

4-11
USING THE SELECT COMMAND

HOW TO FORMAT A DISK WITH COUNTRY-SPECIFIC

INFORMATION

MS-DOS Ver.3.30 includes a special command , SELECT, that will :

• Format a disk

• Create a CONFIG.SYS file and AUTOEXEC .BAT files with

country-specific information

• Copy the contents of the source disk to the target disk

Warning: Do not use the SELECT command with a disk that already
contains data files , unless you have backed up the files. Any data on
the disk is destroyed when the disk is formatted by either the SELECT
command or the FORMAT command.

Example

To illustrate how the SELECT command works, suppose after

configuring your hard disk with FDISK you wanted to format your hard
disk "C:". You also want to include the Latin American code page and
keyboard code on your hard disk. After placing your MS-DOS master
disk in drive "A:", you could type the following:

SELECT A: C: 003 LA

After formatting the disk in drive "C:", SELECT creates two files on the
target disk - AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS The contents of the
AUTOEXEC.BAT file will look something like this:

4-12 Ms-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLAnON GUIDE

 HOW TO USE CODE PAGES

PATH C:
KEYB LA 437
ECHO OFF
CLS
DATE
TIME
VER

The contents of the CONFIG.SYS file will look similar to the following :
COUNTRY =003, 437

Finally, the SELECT command copies the MS-DOS files to the disk on
drive "C:". If AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files exist on drive
"A:", SELECT does not copy them to drive "C:".

4-13
5. FLOPPY DISK SYSTEMS
 FLOPPY DI.K .Y.T....

INTRODUCTION

The kind of diskette you can use depends upon the drive type. It is
essential to use the correct type of diskette for the drive and the kind of
operation that is going to be performed. See Chapter 2 for details of
the kind of diskettes you can use in your floppy disk drives. Also see
Chapter 2 for information on how to turn your machine on, insert a
system diskette into the "A:" disk drive and boot-strap the operating
system. If you have followed these instructions, after the copyright
notice has been displayed you should see the MS-DOS prompt:

A>

If you have a Single Floppy Disk drive ...

Follow the instructions as though you have two disk drives; the source
is logical drive "A:" and the target is logical drive "B:". You are advised
to write-protect the source diskette. Be careful to insert the correct
diskette when prompted.
TO UPGRADE AN EXISTING SYSTEM DISKETTE TO
VERSION 3.30

USING THE SYS COMMAND TO INSTALL MS-DOS VERSION 3.30

HIDDEN FILES

Place the existing System diskette you wish to upgrade in drive "B :".

Having boot-strapped the computer with the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 System
disk , at the "A>" prompt, type :

SYS B:
then press ENTER

If it is possible to copy the hidden system files to the diskette in drive

"B:", you will see the following message:
System transferred

Sometimes, however it is not possible to transfer the new hidden

system files to the target diskette. In this case you will see the
message:

Incompatible system s ize

or

No room for system on d est ination disk

If you get either of these two messages, the target disk will not have
been corrupted . Instead install MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 on another diskette
as instructed in the Section "Formatting A Diskette With An MS-DOS
System" .

Ms-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 .LOPPY DISK SYST• • S

USING THE REPLACE COMMAND TO UPDATE AN EXISTING

FLOPPY DISK

At the A> prompt, with the new MS-DOS Starter Diskette in the "A:"
drive, type:

REPLACE A:*.* B:\ IP IS

then press ENTER

The REPLACE Command will read the files on the target diskette and
will prompt you as to whether to replace them, if a file of the same
name exists on the source diskette.

For example:

Replace AUTOEXEC.BAT? (yiN )

For AUTOEXEC.BAT, it will probably be advisable to answer N. For

COMMAND.COM and other MS. DOS files answer Y. REPLACE will
confirm replacement:

Replacing B :\ CO MMAND . CO M

With the IS switch REPLACE searches sub-directories as well as the

root directory for files to replace. Upon completion REPLACE tells you
how many files have been replaced. For example:

20 File ( s ) r eplaced

If you wish to use REPLACE with the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 Operating
Diskette or Supplemental Diskette, place the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30
Startup Diskette in the "A:" drive and type the following command:

REPLACE A:*.* B:\ IP IS IW

then press ENTER

REPLACE waits for you to insert another source diskette into the "A:"
drive and prompts you:

Press any k ey to begin replaci n g file t s )

TO INSTALL MS·DOS YER. 3.30 ON A NEW SYSTEM
DISKETTE

There are two approaches to installing MS-DOS, the first approach is to

use "FORMAT", then to copy over the system files and external
commands you require and then to create a CONFIG .SYS file and
AUTOEXEC.BAT. The second approach is to use SELECT.

If you have a Non USA Keyboard ...

Use the "SELECT" command to install MS-DOS with national keyboard

and font support (see the Section "Using The SELECT Command To
Install A System Diskette").

USING THE FORMAT COMMAND TO INITIALIZE A SYSTEM

DISKETTE

With the System diskette in the "A:" drive, at the "A>" prompt, type:

FORMAT B: IS
then press ENTER

FORMAT prompts you :

Insert new diskette for drive B:

and strike ENTER when ready.

Press ENTER to start formatting. FORMAT informs you of its progress

with the head and cylinder (track) number being formatted . When the
formatting is finished, the operating system is transferred. This
includes the hidden files and COMMAND.COM . The successful
transfer of the system is confirmed with the following message:

Format complete
System transferred

MS-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 FLOPPY DISK SYSTEIIS

If either of the first two tracks of the target diskette are faulty, FORMAT
will display:

Disk unsuitable for system disk

However it is possible to use this diskette as a data diskette.

COPYING SYSTEM FILES AND EXTERNAL COMMANDS

Decide which of the System files and external commands you will need
on your target disk. Then use "COPY" to copy them from the source to
the target diskette. The following example illustrates using "COPY" for
copying the "SYS" files. With the Startup disk in "A:" at the "A>"
prompt, type:

COpy *.SYS B: IV
then press ENTER

The IV switch causes a verification of the copying. The system files

"ANSI,SYS", "COUNTRY.SYS", "DISPLAY.SYS", "DRIVER.SYS",
"KEYBOARD.SYS" "PRINTER.SYS" and "VDISK.SYS" will be copied
onto the diskette in "B:".

See Chapter 7 "Configuring And Initializing MS-DOS" for details on

setting up an "AUTOEXEC.BAT" and a "CONFIG.SYS".

USING THE SELECT COMMAND TO INSTALL A SYSTEM

DISKETTE

The "SELECT" command automates the preparation of a system

diskette, including preparing a AUTOEXEC .BAT and CONFIG .SYS for
you. However you will still need to add commands to AUTOEXEC.BAT
and CONFIG .SYS, so also see Chapter 7 "Configuring And Initializing
MS-DOS".

Before you enter this command you will need to know your: country-
code and keyboard-code. See the Section "The SELECT Command"
in Chapter 3, for a table of country-codes and keyboard codes. The
keyboard-code is a two letter code which becomes a parameter of the
KEYB keyboard driver. keyboard-code does not exist for Greece and
Spain National, therefore for these countries it is not possible to use
SELECT.
Bootstrap the computer with the Startup Disk in the "A>" drive.

If you have a Non USA Keyboard ...

Type the name of the Keyboard Driver which corresponds to your

keyboard:

KEYB keyboard-code
then press ENTER

Now that the keyboard driver is installed the characters embossed on

the keyboard correspond to the characters enterered into the computer.

Warning: Do not use the Keyboard Drivers Diskette which may be

provided in your computer's starter kit.

The SELECT Command

Make sure the MS-DOS Startup Disk is in the "A:" drive. At the "A>"
prompt, type:

SELECT A: B: country-code keyboard-code

then press ENTER

The computer responds:

SELECT is used to install DOS the first

time . SELECT erases e v erything on the
specified target and then installs DOS .
Do you want to continue ( y i N ) ? Y

If you wish to proceed press ENTER , otherwise type N then press

ENTER. You will be prompted:
Insert ne w diskette for dri v e B:
and strike ENTER when ready

M&OOS SOFtWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 FLOPPY DISK SYSTEMS

When you strike ENTER the diskette in the "B:" drive will be formatted.
After the format has finished you will be asked:
Format anot h er (y i N) ?

Enter N in reply.

All the files on the Startup Disk will then be copied to the target disk.

You can now use the prepared Startup Disk to bootstrap your
computer. Put the Master Startup Diskette in a safe place.

5-7
6. HARD DISK SYSTEMS
 HARD DISK SYSTE ..S

INTRODUCTION

If you have new Hard Disk(s) see the Section "How To Set Up Your
Hard Disk From Scratch".

If you wish to upgrade an existing version of MS-DOS on hard disk

(fixed disk) to MS-DOS Version 3.30 there are several options. Your
choice of the correct option(s) depends on:

• What Version of MS-DOS your upgrading from.

• If you have Non-DOS Partitions on your hard disk, such as XENIX.

• If you have multiple MS-DOS partitions.

The options to upgrade to MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 are:

• Use the SYS command to transfer the hidden system files from the
MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 Startup Diskette. Then to use the REPLACE
command to upgrade the MS-DOS external commands. This
option prevents you having access to your existing secondary
MS-DOS partitions and non-DOS partitions on your hard disk(s).

• Repartition and reformat your hard disk(s). This option destroys

all existing data on your hard disk.

For upgrading from MS-DOS Ver. 2.11 these options are not mutually
exclusive (see the Section "Upgrading From MS-DOS Ver. 2.11 To Ver.
3.30") .

Warning: After you have installed Ver. 3.30 of MS-DOS on your hard
disk, do not use old or non Olivetti versions of MS-DOS (PC-DOS) and
access your hard disk.
For upgrading from MS-DOS Ver. 3.10 and Ver. 3.20, see the Section
"Upgrading From MS-DOS Ver. 3.xx to Ver. 3.30".

TO UPGRADE A HARD DISK TO MS·DOS VERSION

3.30

Backup And Delete All Non-DOS Partitions

If your hard disk(s) contains any partitions that belongs to any other
operating system read this paragraph. These operating systems could
be, for example XENIX, CP/M or UCSD-P system. Whatever non-DOS
operating system you have, use it's facilities to backup all the files from
it's partition(s) and then delete those partions. After you have
upgraded to MS-DOS Ver. 3.30, you may re-install your Non-DOS
operating system. But read the operating system's installation manual
to confirm the procedure.

UPGRADING FROM MS-DOS VER. 2.11 TO VER. 3.30

Follow the following procedure to upgrade. Use the SYS command to

transfer the hidden system files from the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 Startup
Diskette to the bootable partition of the hard disk. Then use the
REPLACE command to upgrade your hard disk external MS-DOS
commands.

Then, after you have upgraded, for hard disks of over 16 Mbytes it is
worth reformatting them using MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 FORMAT as this will
give you better hard disk performance. However you must first backup
all the files you want to keep as formatting destroys all existing data on
your hard disk. If you do decide to reformat your hard disk read the
Section "How To Backup Your Hard Disk".

Ms-DOS SOFlWARE INSTALLA110N GUIDE

 HARD DI.K .Y.T....

Using the SYS Command to Install the Hidden System Files

Having bootstrapped the computer with the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 Startup
diskette, at the "A>" prompt, type:

SYSC:
then press ENTER

If it is possible to copy the hidden system files to drive "C:", you will see
the following message:

System transferred

Sometimes, however it is not possible to transfer the new hidden

system files to the target. In this case you will see the message:

Incompatible system size

or

No room for system on destination d isk

If you get either of these two messages, the target disk will not have
been corrupted. Instead use the "BACKUP" command to backup your
hard disk, then re-partition and re-format the disk. See the Sections
"How To Backup Your Hard Disk" and "How To Restore Your Hard
Disk"

USING THE REPLACE COMMAND TO UPDATE EXTERNAL

COMMANDS

At the "A>" prompt, with the MS-DOS Startup or Supplemental Diskette

in the "A:" drive, type:

REPLACE A:*.* C:\ IS IW

then press ENTER

The /W option switch causes REPLACE to wait for you to change

diskettes - this is necessary to change to the other MS-DOS Ver. 3.30
diskettes, as the REPLACE external command is only on the Startup
Diskette.
REPLACE will confirm replacement:

Replacing C:\COMMAND . COM

With the IS switch REPLACE searches sub-directories as well as the

root directory for files to replace. Upon completion REPLACE tells you
how many files have been replaced. For example:

20 File ( s) replaced

You can also use REPLACE to add MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 External
Commands to your hard disk. For example:

REPLACE A:*.* C:\IA IW

then press ENTER

The /W option switch causes REPLACE to wait for you to change

diskettes - this is necessary to change to the other MS-DOS Ver. 3.30
diskettes, as the REPLACE external command is only on the Startup
Diskette.

REPLACE will confirm:

Adding C:\REPLACE.COM

Upon completion REPLACE tells you how many files have been added.
For example:

20 File(s ) added

UPGRADING FROM MS-DOS VER. 3.XX TO VER. 3.30

Follow the following procedure to upgrade.

1. Bootstrap your computer in the normal fashion from the hard disk
using the version installed on the hard disk.

2. Perform the "de-installation" of all copy protected software that is

on the hard disk.

IISoDOS SOFIWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DISK SYSTEII

3. Run CHKDSK on every logical drive of your hard disk(s). If there

are problems rerun it with the IF switch set. See CHKDSK in
Chapter 7 of the "MS-DOS User Guide" for details of how to use
this command.

4. Backup all the files that you want to keep onto floppy disks. See
the Section "How To Backup Your Hard Disk" for details.

5. Use the FDISK command of the MS-DOS Version installed on your

hard disk (MS-DOS Ver. 3.10 or 3.20) to delete all MS-DOS
partitions. After having done this there should be no partitions on
the hard disk(s). If you still have Non-DOS partitions - see the
earlier Section "Backup And Delete All Non-DOS Partitions".

6. Insert the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 Starter Diskette into the "A:" drive
and bootstrap your computer.

7. Use the FDISK command from the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 Startup
Diskette to create the MS-DOS partition(s) you require. See later
in this chapter for details. After the partition(s) are created the
computer will automatically reboot.

8. Run the FORMAT command from the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 Startup
Diskette to format the MS-DOS partition(s) on the hard disk(s). If
the IS switch is specified, this FORMAT command also installs the
hidden system files and COMMAND.COM on drive "C:".

9. Restore all the files, you have previously backed up, to the hard
disk(s) from the floppy disks. See the Section "How To Restore
Your Hard Disk" for details.

10. Update your MS-DOS external commands using REPLACE. See

the earlier Section "Using The REPLACE Command To Update
External Commands" for details.

11 . Reinstall any copy protected software onto the hard disk.

12. Reinstall any Non-DOS operating systems following the

instructions provided with that operating system.
HOW TO BACKUP YOUR HARD DISK

Before you re-partition and re-form at your hard disk, backup the hard
disk(s) to diskettes.

Warning

The procedure explained here will not work with MS-DOS Ver. 2.11.

Note

Format sufficient backup diskettes before you use the "BACKUP"

command.

Insert the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 Startup Diskette into the "A:" drive.

At the "C>" prompt, type:

A:BACKUP C:\*.* A: IS
then press ENTER

The command will prompt

Insert backup diskette 01 in drive A :

WARNING ! Files in the target drive

A :\ root directory will be erased
Strike any key when ready

Do as the message instructs. When diskette "01" is full, you will be

prompted to insert diskette "02", and so on until all the files on "C:" are
backed up. Number and label the diskettes carefully; when the hard
disk is restored the diskettes have to be inserted in the same order as
they were backed up.

M IIS-DOS SOFtWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DI.K .Y.T....

HOW TO RESTORE YOUR HARD DISK

Before you restore your hard disk, follow the instructions in the Section
"How To Set Up Your Hard Disk From Scratch".

If you had backed up the root directory of MS-DOS Ver. 3.10...

Before you restore the root directory of the hard disk carry out the
following procedure. At the MS-DOS prompt, type:

1. C:
Then press ENTER

2. CD\

3. COPY CON IO.SYS

Then press ENTER

4. This is a dummy file!

5. Press F6

6. Press ENTER

The computer will respond:

1 F i l e (s) c o p ie d

7. COpy IO.SYS MSDOS.SYS

Then press ENTER

You have now created two dummy files called IO.SYS and
MSDOS.SYS. These have the same name as the hidden system files
used by MS-DOS Ver. Ver. 3.10.
For files backed up from MS-DOS Ver. 3.10 and 3.20 ...

Insert the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 Starter Diskette into the "A:" drive.

At the "C>" prompt, type:

A:RESTORE A: C:*.* IS/P

then press ENTER

The command will prompt you:

Insert backup diskette 01 in drive A:

Strike any key when ready

Do as the command instructs. Be careful to insert the diskettes in the

same order as that in which they were backed up.

As the IP switch is specified, you will be prompted before the command

restores a file which was changed after it was backed up:

filename
warning! The file above was changed after it
was backed up .
Replace t he file (yiN)?

Answer N , if filename is IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, COMMAND.COM or

any of the other files supplied on your MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 Startup or
Operating or Supplementary Diskettes.

If you had backed up the root directory of MS-DOS Ver. 3.10 ...

When you have finished restoring files to the hard disk, the dummy
IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS can be deleted.

MS-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DI8K 8Y8TIM8

HOW TO SET UP YOUR HARD DISK FROM SCRATCH

If your Olivetti Personal Computer has a hard disk (fixed disk) there are
several steps you will need to take before you can use it with MS-DOS.
The MS-DOS command that you will use to set up your hard (fixed
disk(s» is called the "Fixed Disk Setup Program". It uses a series of
video display menus and prompts that guide you through the operations
step by step.

HOW TO USE FDISK TO PARTITION YOUR HARD DISK

Introduction

Hard disks can be divided into one to four separate sections, called
partitions. Partitions separate your hard disk into individual areas, and
each partition may contain a different operating system.

To prepare your hard disk for the MS-DOS operating system, you must
create a partition for MS-DOS, called a DOS partition. You can create a
DOS partition on your hard disk by using a menu-driven utility called
FDISK. You must use FDISK if you want to do one of the following:

• Create a primary MS-DOS partition

• Create an extended DOS partition

• Change the active partition

• Delete a DOS partition

• Display partition information

• Review or modify the configuration of another hard disk on your

computer.

Warning: Reconfiguring your disk with FDISK destroys all existing files.
Be sure to have a backup of all files on your disk before you create an
MS-DOS partition with FDISK .
CHECKING FOR A CONFIGURED AND FORMATTED DISK

Has FDISK been run already?

Many computer stores configure hard disk computers for MS-DOS, so

you may not need to use FDISK. They may also format your hard disk
to start MS-DOS when you turn the power on. To find out whether this
has been done, do the following:

1. First, try to to start MS-DOS from your hard disk.

• If it starts, your hard disk is both configured and formatted ,

and the MS-DOS system files are on the disk.

• If MS-DOS does not start, your disk is not formatted to start

MS-DOS, but may have been configured.

2. If MS-DOS did not start, check to see if the disk has been
configured with FDISK. Place the MS-DOS Startup Diskette in
drive "A:" and press CTRL ALT DEL to start MS-DOS. Then run
FDISK and select the "Display Partition Information" to see if any
MS-DOS partitions exist.

• If any do exist, your disk ha,s been configured.

• If no partitions exist, follow the instructions in this chapter to

configure your disk.

3. After your hard disk is configured, be sure to format your disk with
the MS-DOS FORMAT IS command before you copy files onto the
disk. Otherwise, your files will be unreadable.

1-10 MS-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DISK YST • • S

HOW TO START FDISK

Starting FDISK

The FDISK utility is easy to use because it uses menus to lead you
through each procedure. To start FDISK, follow these steps:

1. Place the MS-DOS disk in drive "A:".

2. Turn on your computer to start MS-DOS

3. Type the following command:

FDISK
then press ENTER

FDISK Main Menu

In response, FDISK displays its main menu on your screen. This menu
lists five choices. If your computer has only one hard disk, Choice 5
will not appear on your screen.
 FDISK Options

Current Fixed Disk Drive: 1

Choose one of the following:

1. Create DOS Partition

2. Change Active Partition
3. Delete DOS Partition
4. Display Partition Information
5. Select Next Fixed Disk Drive

Enter choice: [1]

Press ESC to return to DOS

Fig. 6-1 FDISK Options

The following sections describe each of these options, and show the
menus and other information they display. To exit to MS-DOS from the
main menu, just press the ESC key. You can also use the ESC key to
return to the main menu from any of the FDISK menus.

Most of the FDISK menus displays a default value. To choose the

default value, press the ENTER key. To choose another value, just type
the value you want, and press the ENTER key.

Ms-DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIlE

 HARD DISK SYST • • S

HOW TO CREATE A DOS PARTITION

If you choose the first option on the main menu, and if your hard disk is
not yet completely partitioned, FDISK displays a screen like the
following. If no extended partitions exist, the third option is not
displayed:

Create DOS Partition

Current Fixed Disk Drive: 1
1. Create Primary DOS Partition
2. Create Extended DOS Partition
3. Create Logical DOS Drive(s) in
the Extended DOS Partition
Enter choice: [1]
Press ESC to return to FDISK Options

Fig. 6-2 FDISK Menu: Choice 1

8-13
Selection 1: Create Primary DOS Partition

You must create a primary MS-DOS partition first before you can create
any extended MS-DOS partitions on your disk. In most cases, you will
need only one MS-DOS partition for your entire disk.

Creating a Primary MS-DOS Partition

To create a primary MS-DOS partition, press the ENTER key to accept

the default selection (1). The following menu appears next:

The Create Primary DOS Partition menu appears next:

Create Primary DOS Partition
Current Fixed Disk Drive: 1
Do you wish to use the maximum size
for a DOS partition and make the DOS
partition active (YIN) ... ...... ? [yJ
Press ESC to return to FDISK Options

Fig. 6-3 Create Primary DOS Partition Menu

8-14 Ms.oos 8OF1WARE INSTALLA110N GUIDE

 HARD DISK SYSTEMS

Creating a Single MS-DOS Partition

If you use your entire hard disk for MS-DOS, you will use the FDISK
program only once to create the primary MS-DOS partition. If you want
to use the entire hard disk (up to 32 megabytes) for MS-DOS, press
the ENTER key to accept the default selection ( Y ).

FDISK then displays the following message:

System will no w restart

Insert DOS diskette in dri v e A:

Press any key when ready . .

Put your MS-DOS disk in drive "A: " and press any key to restart MS-
DOS.

Now read the Section later in this Chapter entitled "Formatting Your
Hard Disk".

Creating More than One MS-DOS Partition

You may choose to create a primary MS-DOS partition smaller than the
maximum size. To do this, type N (for No) in response to the question
on the first Create Primary DOS Partition menu. FDISK displays a
second Create Primary DOS Partition menu like the following. From
this menu, you can specify the size of the primary MS-DOS partition:

8-1&
 Create Primary DOS Partition

Current Fixed Disk Drive: 1

Partition Status Type Start End Size

Total disk space is 732 cylinders.

Maximum space available for partition
is 732 cylinders.

Enter partition size .........•.. [732]

Press ESC to return to Fdisk Options

Fig. 6-4 Second Create Primary DOS Partition Menu

The space available on your hard disk is measured in cylinders, also

called tracks. This menu shows the total number of cylinders available
for a hard disk partition, and prompts you to enter the size of your new
partition. The default size for the partition is the maximum available
space on the hard disk. Press the ENTER key if you want the default
size; otherwise, type the size (in cylinders) that you want for the
partition, and press the ENTER key. Any part of the disk that you do not
use for the primary MS-DOS partition may be used for an extended
MS-DOS partition.

8-18 Ms-DOS SOFlWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DI.K .V.T ....

Selection 2: Create Extended DOS Partition

You can use FDISK to create an extended partition if your disk is larger
than 32-megabytes (the maximum partition size), or if you want to
designate one or more logical drives for the disk.

To select Create Extended DOS Partition, type 2, then press the ENTER
key. In response, FDISK displays a menu like this one:

Create Extended DOS Partition

Current Fixed Disk Drive: 1
Partition Status Type Start End Size
C: 1 A PRI DOS o 599 600
Total disk space is 1263 cylinders.
Maximum space available for partition
is 663 cylinders.

Enter partition size ............ [663]

Press ESC to return to FDISK Options

Fig. 6-5 Create An Extended DOS Partition Menu

This menu shows the total number of cylinders available for an

extended partition. The default for the partition size is the maximum
available space on the hard disk. Press the ENTER key if you want the
default; otherwise, type the size (in cylinders) that you want for the
partition, and press the ENTER key.

8-17
Note: If FDISK finds any defective tracks at the start of the partition, it
adjusts the partition boundaries to avoid those bad tracks.

Selection 3: Create Logical Drive In The Extended DOS Partition

When you have created an extended partition, you must specify one or
more drive letters to define that area of the disk. FDISK automatically
displays this menu after you create an extended partition. FDISK
displays a menu similar to the following if you choose option 3 from the
Create DOS Partition menu:

Create Logical DOS Drive(s)

Drv Start End Size

D: 650 1049 400

Total partition space is 1000 cylinders.

Maximum space available for logical
drive is 600 cylinders.

Enter logical drive size ........•... [600]

Press ESC to return to FDISK Options

Fig. 6-6 Create Logical DOS Drive(s) Menu

You may designate the entire partition as one logical drive, or divide it
into two or more logical drives. For example, if you want to segregate a
particular application and its data files to their own drive, you may want
to create a second logical drive on the partition. Because you cannot

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 HARD DI.K .Y.T....

use an MS-DOS extended partition without a drive letter, FDISK

continues to prompt you for logical disk drive information until the whole
partition has been assigned to a logical drive.

When the entire partition is assigned to logical drives, FDISK displays

this message:
All available space in the Extended DOS
partition is assigned to logical dri v es .

Press ESC to enter to the main FDISK menu. From there, you can
restart MS-DOS, or select another option.

HOW TO CHANGE THE ACTIVE PARTITION

If you choose the second option on the main menu, FDISK displays a
screen showing the status of each partition on your hard disk. The
active partition, indicated by a status of A, contains the operating
system and files you access when you turn on or reset your computer.
If you have created a partition on your disk with another operating
system, this menu allows you to make that partition the active partition.
Only one partition is active at a time; the others are not active.

Changing the active partition

For example, if you have both XENIX and DOS partitions on your disk,
the Change Active Partition menu might look like this:

8-11
 Change Active Partition

Current Fixed Disk Drive: 1

Partition Status Type Start End Size

C: 1 non DOS 0 1 1
2 non DOS 2 401 400
3 A PRI DOS 402 731 330

Total disk space is 732 cylinders.

Enter the number of the partition you

want to make active ..• • •....•.....••• :[ 1]

Press ESC to return to FDISK Options

Fig. 6-7 Change Active Partition Menu

Type the number of the partition that you want to activate, and press
the ENTER key. The default setting is the active partition number.

If your hard disk contains only MS-DOS partitions, FDISK displays the
following message instead of prompting you for the partition that you
want to activate:

The onl y bootable partition on Drive 1

is already marked acti v e.

Press ESC
to return to FDISK Options.

II8-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DI.K .Y.T....

HOW TO DELETE A DOS PARTITION

If you choose the third option on the main menu, FDISK displays the
following menu, which asks you to identify whether the partition you
want to delete is a primary or extended DOS partition:

Delete DOS Partition

Current Fixed Disk Drive: 1
1. Delete Primary DOS Partition
2. Delete Extended DOS Partition
3. Delete Logical DOS Drive(s) in
the Extended DOS Partition
Enter choice: []

Press ESC to return to FDISK Options

Fig. 6-8 Delete DOS Partition Menu

Deleting a DOS partition

Type the number of the selection you want and press the ENTER key.
The next menu, whether for a primary or extended DOS partition,
shows the status of that partition. When you delete a DOS partition,
FDISK deletes the partition boundaries and any data that existed in that

8-21
partition. Once you delete the partition, you cannot recover the data
that was on it.

Note: You cannot use FDISK to delete a non-DOS partition. Instead,

to continue using MS-DOS after you have deleted the DOS partition,
you must put a MS-DOS program disk into drive "A:". To start a
different operating system in another partition of your hard disk, you
must change the active partition to that number before you delete the
DOS partition.

Ms-DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLA110N GUIDE

 HARD DISK SYSTa .. S

Selection 1: Delete Primary DOS Partition

The Delete Primary DOS Partition menu will look similar to this:

Delete Primary DOS Part i tion

Current Fixed Disk Drive: 1

Partition Status Type Start End Size

C: 1 A PRI DOS 0 399 400
2 EXT DOS 400 731 332

Total disk space is 732 cylinders.

Warning! Data in the Primary DOS
partition will be lost. Do you wish
to continue ............. . .......... ? [N]

Press ESC to return to FDISK Options

Fig. 6-9 Delete Primary DOS Partition Menu

If you do not want to delete the primary DOS partition, press the ENTER
key to accept the default value ( N ).

To delete the primary DOS partition,

1. Type Y

2. Press the ENTER key.

Selection 2: Delete Extended DOS Partition

If you choose to delete an extended partition, you must first delete the
logical drives associated with that partition.

Selection 3: Delete Logical Drive in the Extended DOS Partition To

delete a logical drive, type 3 to select the option Delete Logical DOS
Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition from the Delete DOS Partition
menu. Then press the ENTER key. FDISK displays a menu like the
following:

Delete Logical DOS Drive(s)

Drv Start End Size
0: 400 999 600
E: 1000 1399 400
Total partition space is 1000 cylinders.
Warning! Data in the logical DOS drive
will be lost. What drive do you wish
to delete .......................... ? [ ]
Press ESC to return to FDISK Options

Fig. 6-10 Delete Logical DOS Drive(s)

144 MSoDOS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DI8K 8Y8TEM8

Type the letter of the drive you want to delete, and press ENTER.
FDISK displays this message:

Ar e you sure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? [N)

If this logical drive contains valuable data you have not backed up,
press ENTER. This stops FDISK from deleting the logical drive.

Note: Be sure to back up all files you will need from the logical drive
before you delete the drive. When FDISK deletes a logical drive or
partition, the data is destroyed. If you are sure you want to delete the
drive, type Y (for Yes).

8-25
HOW TO DISPLAY PARTITION DATA

If you choose the fourth option on the main menu, FDISK displays a
menu that contains information about each of the partitions on your
hard disk. For example, the Display Partition Information menu might
look like this:

Display Partition Information

Current Fixed Disk Drive: 1

Partition Status Type Start End Size

C: 1 A PRI DOS 0 399 400
2 EXT DOS 400 731 332

Total disk space is 732 cylinders.

The Extended DOS partition contains

logical DOS drives. Do you want to
display logical drive information? [V]

Press ESC to return to FDISK Options

Fig. 6-11 Display Partition Information

This information screen identifies the partitions on your disk. It shows

each partition's number, status, and type, its starting and ending
cylinder numbers, and its size in cylinders.

If you have an extended partition, FDISK asks if you want to see

information about that partition's logical drives. Type Y and press
ENTER to display a screen like the following:

MS-DOS SOFtWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DISK SYSTEMS

Display Logic~l DOS Drive(s)

Drv Start End Size
D: 400 999 600
E: 1000 1399 400

Press ESC to return to FDISK Options

Fig. 6-12 Display Logical DOS Drive(s)

Press the ESC key to return to the main menu.

HOW TO SELECT THE NEXT FIXED DISK DRIVE

Option 5 only appears on the main FDISK menu if you have more than
one hard disk attached to your computer. If you choose this option,
FDISK changes the current disk drive to the next fixed disk drive.

Example

If the current disk drive is drive 1, and if you choose option 5 on the
main menu, FDISK changes the current fixed disk drive to drive 2. You
could then choose any of the FDISK options (1 - 4) to prepare the

8-27
second fixed disk for MS-DOS. Or, you could select option 5 once
again to select the next fixed disk drive. For example, if there is not a
third fixed disk, FDISK changes the current fixed disk drive from 2 back
to 1.

After you have selected the next drive, FDISK displays the main menu
again. Note that near the top of the screen, there is a line that looks
something like this:

Curr e n t f ixed di s k d r iv e : 2

The activity you select will be performed on the disk shown in this line.

Example

This example illustrates four MS-DOS partitions on Physical Fixed Disk

1 and four MS-DOS partitions on Physical Disk 2. The active partition is
"C:". The other MS-DOS partitions of Fixed Disk 1 are "E:", "F:", and
"G:". The MS-DOS partitions of Fixed Disk 2 are "D", "H:" , "I:" and "J:".
It is recommended that you give each logical drive a volume label such
as:

DRIVE LABEL CO MM ENT

C: D(1 ) P (P) Ph y sical Dri v e 1 , Pri mary Partition

D: D (2 ) P (P) Phy sical Dri v e 2 , Pri mary Partition
E: D(1 ) P ( E1 ) Phy sical Dri v e 1 , Extende d Partitio n 1st
F: D ( 1) P ( E2 ) Phy sical Dri v e 1 , Extended Partition 2nd
G: D( 1 ) P(E3 ) Phy sical Dri v e 1 , Extended Partition 3rd
H: D(2 ) P ( E1 ) Phy sical Dri v e 2 , Extende d Partitio n 1st
I: D(2 ) P ( E2 ) Phy sical Dri v e 2 , Extende d Partition 2nd
J: D (2 ) P ( E3 ) P hy sical Dri v e 2 , Ex tende d Partitio n 3rd

These suggested volume labels are for the example illustrated , similar
labeling schemes would apply to other configurations.

II&D08 SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DISK SYSTEMS

FORMATTING YOUR HARD DISK

If you have a Non USA Keyboard ...

You are recommended to use the SELECT command to format and

install the operating system on your "C:" drive. Read the Section later
in this Chapter called "Using SELECT" To Install MS-DOS On Your
Hard Disk".

If you have a USA Keyboard

You can either use the SELECT command or use the FORMAT
command to format the "C:" drive and install the MS-DOS operating
system.

If you have Multiple MS-DOS Partitions or Two Hard Disks

Use the FORMAT command to format drives other than "C:" without an
operating system . (For more information about the FORMAT
command, see Chapter 7, "MS-DOS Commands" in the "MS-DOS
User Guide".)

FORMATTING THE C: DRIVE

1. You now need to format the hard disk so that MS-DOS can use it.
Make sure that you have your system disk in drive "A:" and "A>" is
your MS-DOS prompt. Type:

FORMAT C:/S/V
then press ENTER

This not only formats the hard disk but also copies the hidden files
to it.

If you do not want to boot MS-DOS from hard disk it is sufficient to

8-29
 type:

FORMAT C:/V
then press ENTER

If you have an existing formatted disk as a precautionary measure

you will be prompted:

Enter current Volume Label for drive C :

Type in your current label.

You will then be prompted:

WARNING, ALL DATA ON NON- RE MOVABLE DISK

DRI VE C : WILL BE LOST !
Proceed with Format ( y iN )?

2. Type V then press ENTER

Formatting

appears. The FORMAT program displays the cylinder and head

number it is formatting . After several minutes you will see the
message:

Format complete

and if you entered IS in the command line the following message

will also appear:

System transferred

This indicates that a copy of MS-DOS has been made on the hard
disk. You will now be able to boot from the hard disk.

3. The following message then appears:

Volume la b el ( 11 characters, ENTER for none ) ?

It is recommended that you give your hard disk a Volume label, for
example type:

II&DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DISK SYST• • S

HARD DISK
then press ENTER

You will get a message similar to the following:

10592256 bytes total disk spac e

614 4 0 bytes used by system
1053 0 816 bytes available on disk

FORMATTING HARD DISKS DRIVES OTHER THAN C:

To format the other logical drives, at the A> prompt. Type:

FORMAT drive IV
then press ENTER

Where drive can be the other logical drives you have partitioned .

It is recommended that you give each logical drive a volume label , such
as:

DRIVE LABEL CO MMENT

c: D (1) P (P) Physical Drive 1, Pri ma ry Partition

D: D (1) P(E1 ) Physical Drive 1, Extended Partition 1st
E: D (1 ) P(E2 ) Phys ical Drive 1, Extended Partitio n 2nd
F: D (1 ) P(E3 ) Physical Drive 1, Extended Partition 3rd

TRANSFERRING THE OPERATING SYSTEM TO HARD DISK

If you have copied MS-DOS to the hard disk you will probably require
the MS-DOS external commands to be copied there as well. With your
MS-DOS system diskette in drive "A:", at the "A>" prompt, type:

COpy *.* C:/V

then press ENTER

This will copy all the non-hidden files from the system diskette to the
hard disk, verifying the correctness of the copied files.

8-31
USING SELECT TO INSTALL MS·DOS ON YOUR HARD
DISK

Bootstrap the computer with the Startup Diskette in the A> drive. At
the "A>" prompt, type:

SELECT A: C:\ SYSTEM country-code keyboard-code

then press ENTER

The computer responds:

SELECT is used to install DOS the first
time. SELECT erases everything on the
specified target and then installs DOS.
Do you wish to continue ( y i N ) ? Y

If you wish to proceed press ENTER , otherwise type N , then press

ENTER. SELECT will now use the FORMAT command to format the
"C:" drive of the hard disk. If you have an existing formatted disk as a
precautionary measure you will be prompted:
Enter current Volume Label for drive C:

Type in your current label.

You will then be prompted:

WARNING, ALL DATA ON NON - REMOVABLE DISK
DRIVE C : WILL BE LOST!
Proceed with Format (yiN)?

Enter Y in reply. The "C:" drive of your hard disk will then be formatted.

If you have 5 1/4 inch Diskettes ...

Insert the MS-DOS Operating Diskette and then the Supplementary

Diskette into the "A:" drive. At the "A>" prompt, type:

COpy *.* C:\SYSTEM IV

then press ENTER

MS-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 HARD DI8K 8Y8TEM8

The computer will then copy all the files on the diskette to the "C: "
drive. Repeat this process for the Supplementary Diskette.

If you have 3 1/2 inch Diskettes...

Insert the MS-DOS the Supplementary Diskette into

the "A:" drive. At the "A>" prompt, type:

COpy *.* C:\SYSTEM IV

then press ENTER

The computer will then copy all the files on the diskette to the "C:"
drive.

BOOTSTRAPPING YOUR COMPUTER

If you have set up the "C:" drive as active and have installed the MS-
DOS operating System , test your installation by bootstrapping your
hard disk. Remove any diskette that is in the "A" drive. Press the
following keys simultaneously: CTRL ALTO EL The computer should
bootstrap with the Microsoft/Olivetti Copyright Notice, and then output a
"C>" prompt.

If this does not work, start again at the beginning to repartition and
format your hard disk. If again the computer bootstrap does not work,
contact your Olivetti Dealer for advice.
7. CONFIGURING AND INITIALIZING MS-DOS
 CONFIGURING AND INITIALIZING ...·DO.

INTRODUCTION

This Chapter contains example CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT

files. Look for the Section heading suitable for your particular hardware
configuration. Remember these are only example files, tailor them to
your own hardware and application requirements.

THE CONFIGURATION OF MS·DOS USING

CONFIG.SYS

Whenever MS-DOS is initialized, it searches the root directory of the

"A:" (or "C:" drive, for a hard disk), for a file named CONFIG.SYS. If
this file exists, it is read and the configuring commands within it are
executed. If CONFIG.SYS is not found the default settings for each
command is used. In many cases these defaults do not provide
optimum performance. So by providing the correct parameter settings,
the performance of your application program and/or MS-DOS can be
improved. However the trade-off is in many cases increased use of
main memory, leaving less room for application programs. For more
information about individual CONFIG.SYS commands see Appendix B.

Use the "Video File Editor (EDIT)", to create and/or edit the
"CONFIG.SYS" file. Remember it must be in the root directory of the
boot drive. Insert the correct configuring commands for your hardware
configuration. The "Video File Editor (EDIT)" is documented in Chapter
6 of the "MS-DOS User Guide".

After creating or changing "CONFIG.SYS", you must re-bootstrap the

computer to effect the new commands.

7·1
FLOPPY DISK CONFIG.SYS

If you have 5 1/4 inch Floppy Disk Drive(s) ...

BUFFERS=15
FILES=20

If you have two 720 KB 3 1/2 inch Floppy Disk Drives A: and B: ...

BUFFERS=15
DRIVPARM=/D:O /F:2
DRIVPARM=/D:1/F:2
FILES=20

If you have a 720 KB 3 1/2 inch Floppy Disk Drive A: ...

BUFFERS=15
DRIVPARM=/D:O /F:2
i=ILES=20

you

BUFFERS=15
DRIVPARM=/D:1 /F:2
FILES=20

HARD DISK CONFIG.SYS

If you have 720 KB 3 1/2 inch floppy disk drive(s) and hard
disk(s) ...

See above for the relevant "DRIVPARM" setting, but use the
"BUFFERS" and "FILES" settings recommended below.

7-2 Ms-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CONFIGURING AND INITIALIZING MS-DOS

If you have a 10 MB Hard Disk...

BUFFERS=20
FILES=20

If you have a 20 MB Hard Disk...

BUFFERS=25
FILES=20

If you have a 40 or more than 40 MB Hard Disk...

BUFFERS=40
FILES=20

THE INITIALIZATION OF MS·DOS USING AN

AUTOEXEC.BAT FILE

The AUTOEXEC.BAT is a special batch file which, if present in the root

directory of the "A:" (or "C :" drive, for a hard disk), is automatically
executed at system initialization. It is very useful to have a fixed
sequence of commands executed every time the system is initialized.
The difference between the "CONFIG.SYS" and the "AUTOEXEC.BAT"
file is that the special declaration commands in the "CONFIG.SYS" can
only be obeyed at system initialization, whereas the "AUTOEXEC.BAT"
contains normal MS-DOS commands, which could be obeyed at any
time during an MS-DOS session . The "CONFIG.SYS" is obeyed
before the "AUTOEXEC.BAT".

Use the "Video File Editor (EDIT)", to create and/or edit the
"AUTOEXEC.BAT" file. Remember it must be in the root directory of
the boot drive. Insert the correct configuring commands for your
hardware configuration. The "Video File Editor (EDIT)" is documented
in Chapter 6 of the "MS-DOS User Guide".

7-3
The following MS-DOS commands are particularly relevant for inclusion
in the "AUTOEXEC.BAT" file :

• ASSIGN

• DATE

• FASTOPEN

• GRAFTABL

• GRAPHICS

• JOIN

• KEYBxx

• MODE

• NLSFUNC

• PATH

• PROMPT

• SHARE

• SUBST

• TIME

See Chapter 7 of the "MS-DOS User Guide" and Appendix E of this

manual for details of the above MS-DOS commands.

If you have a Floppy Disk based system ...

ECHO OFF
GRAFTABL
PATH=A:\;B:\
PROMPT=$P$G
CLS

MS-DOS SOFIWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CONFIGURING AND INITIALIZING ...·DO.

If you have a Hard Disk based system ...

ECHO OFF
GRAFTABL
PATH=C:\;A:\;B:\
FASTOPEN C:15
PROMPT=$P$G
CLS

USING THE AUTOEXEC.BAT TO LOAD APPLICATIONS

Usually the application documentation gives full details and examples

of using batch files to initialize and call an application. However many
"pop-up programs", which load and stay resident, are sensitive to the
order in which they are initially called. Make sure that all resident MS-
DOS external commands such as "GRAPHICS", "GRAFTABL" and
"MODE" are called before calling the "pop-up program".

7-6
A. CODE PAGE TABLES
 CODE PAGE TABLES

DEC: HEX CHARACfER DEC: HEX CHARACfER DEC: HEX CHARACfER DEC: HEX CHARACfER

000 00 ~~~~ (NUL) 016 10 • (OLE) 032 20 (SPACEI (SP) 048 30 0

001 01 <;;) (SOH) 017 11 ... (OCt) 033 21 ! 049 31 1
002 02 • (STX) 018 12 t (OC2) 034 22 " 050 32 2
003 03 • (ETX) 019 13 !! (0C3) 035 23 # 051 33 3
004 04 + (EOf) 020 14 <fT(OC4) 036 24 $ 052 34 4
005 05 ' " (ENQ) 021 15 § (NAK) 037 25 % 053 35 5
006 06 .,. (ACK) 022 16 _ (SYN) 038 26 & 054 36 6
007 07 • (BEL) 023 17 l(ETB) 039 27
, 055 37 7
008 08 a (BS) 024 18 t (CAN) 040 28 ( 056 38 8
009 09 o (HT) 025 19 I (EM) 041 29 ) 057 39 9
010 OA [il (LF) 026 1A - (SUB) 042 2A * 058 3A :
011 08 r:J (VT) 027 18 - (ESC) 043 28 + 059 38 ;
012 OC 9 (FF) 028 1C L (FS) 044 2C , 060 3C <
013 OD 1> (CR) 029 10 -(GS) 045 2D - 061 3D =
014 OE ~ (SO) 030 IE . (RS) 046 2E . 062 3E >
015 OF -¢: (SI) 031 IF • (US) 047 2F / 063 3F ?

Tab. A-1 Code Page 437 (United States)

A-1
 DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER

064 40 @ 080 50 P 096 60

, 112 70 P
065 41 A 081 51 Q 097 61 a 113 71 q
066 42 B 082 52 R 098 62 b 114 72 r
067 43 C 083 53 S 099 63 C 115 73 S

068 44 D 084 54 T 100 64 d 116 74 t

069 45 E 085 55 U 101 65 e 117 75 U

070 46 F 086 56 V 102 66 f 118 76 v

071 47 G 087 57 W 103 67 g 119 77 w
072 48 H 088 58 X 104 68 h 120 78 x
073 49 I 089 59 Y 105 69 i 121 79 Y
074 4A J 090 SA Z 106 6A j 122 7A Z

075 48 K 091 58 [ 107 68 k 123 78 [

I
076 4C L 092 5C \ 108 6C I 124 7C I

077 40 M 093 50 ] 109 60 m 125 7D J

078 4E N 094 5E 1\ 110 6E n 126 7E -
079 4F 0 095 SF - 111 6F 0 127 7F 6 (DEL)

Tab. A-1 Code Page 437 (United States) (cant.)

Ms-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CODI PAGI TABLI.

DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

128 80 c; 144 90 It 160 AO Ii 176 BO :}}

129 81 ii 145 91 re 161 AI i 177 Bl ,~~jtf
130 82 e 146 92 IE 162 A2 0 178 B2 ~~fI~
131 83 Ii 147 93 0 163 A3 U 179 B3 1
132 84 ii 148 94 ij 164 A4 ii 180 B4 -i
133 85 it 149 95 0 165 AS N 181 BS =l
134 86 :i ISO 96 fi 166 A6 ! 182 B6 --11
135 87 ~ 151 97 U 167 A7 Q 183 B7 11

136 88 e 152 98 Y 168 A8 i, 184 B8 =,

137 89 e 153 99 0 169 A9 r- 185 B9 91

138 8A e 154 9A U 170 AA -, 186 BA II
139 8B I ISS 9B ¢ 171 AB 112 187 BB =n
140 8C -I 156 9C £ 172 AC 114 188 BC dI
141 80 i 157 90 Y 173 AO 189 BO .JI
T i
142 8E A 158 9E Pt 174 AE « 190 BE ::I
143 8F A 159 9F f 175 AF » 191 BF -,

Tab. A-1 Code Page 437 (United States) (cant.)

 DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

192 CO L 208 DO JL 224 EO a 240 FO -

193 Cl ...L 209 DI I 225 El 13 241 Fl ±
194 C2 I 210 02 IT" 226 E2 r 242 F2 2::
195 C3 ~ 211 03 IL 227 E3 n 243 F3 S

196 C4 - 212 04 b 228 E4 I 244 F4 r

197 C5 + 213 05 F 229 E5 0 245 F5 J
198 C6 F 214 D6 Ir 230 E6 11 246 F6
199 C7 11- 215 07 it- 231 E7 1 247 F7 ==
200 C8 Lb 216 08 + 232 E8 <t> 248 F8 0

201 C9 IF 217 09 .J 233 E9 e- 249 F9 •

202 CA .JL 218 OA r 234 EA (2 250 FA .
• r
lr

- ~
203 CB 219 OB 235 EB 251 FB
204 cc IF 220 oc 236 EC 00 252 FC n
205 CO - 221 00 I 237 EO 121 253 FO 2

206
207
CE
CF
,r
.JL

...L
222
223
OE
OF
- I 238
239
EE
EF
E
n
254
255
FE I
FF "p""" (SP)

Tab. A-1 Code Page 437 (United States) (cont.)

II&DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLA110N GUIDE

 CODE PAGE TA8LE.

DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER

000 00 ~~~:~ (NUL) 016 10 • (OLE) 032 20 (Sf'ACt:, (SP) 048 30 0

001 01 ~(SOH) 017 11 .... (DCl) 033 21 ! 049 31 1
002 02 • (STX) 018 12 t (DC2) 034 22 " 050 32 2
003 03 • (ETX)
019 13 !! (DC3) 035 23 # 051 33 3
004 04 + (EOf) 020 14 err (DC4) 036 24 $ 052 34 4
005 05 + (ENQ) 021 15 § (NAK) 037 25 % 053 35 5
006 06 • (ACK)
022 16 _ (SYN) 038 26 & 054 36 6
007 07 023 17 ~(ETB) 039 27
, 055 37 7
• (BEL)

008 08 a (BS) 024 18 I (CAN) 040 28 ( 056 38 8

009 09 o (HT) 025 19 j (EM) 041 29 ) 057 39 9
010 OA [i] (LF) 026 lA - (SUB) 042 2A * 058 3A :
011 08 cJ (VT) 027 18 - (ESC) 043 28 + 059 38 ;
012 OC Q (FF) 028 lC L (FS) 044 2C , 060 3C <
013 00 Jl (CR) 029 10 -(GS) 045 20 - 061 30 =
014 OE ~ (SO) 030 IE • (RS) 046 2E . 062 3E >
015 OF -¢: (51) 031 IF • (US) 047 2F / 063 3F ?

Tab. A-2 Code Page 850 (Multilingual)

 DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER

064 40 @ 080 50 P 096 60

, 112 70 P
065 41 A 081 51 Q 097 61 a 113 71 q
066 42 B 082 52 R 098 62 b 114 72 r
067 43 C 083 53 S 099 63 C 115 73 S

068 44 D 084 54 T 100 64 d 116 74 t

069 45 E 085 55 U 101 65 e 117 75 U

070 46 F 086 56 V 102 66 f 118 76 V

071 47 G 087 57 W 103 67 g 119 77 w

072 48 H 088 58 X 104 68 h 120 78 x
073 49 I 089 59 Y 105 69 i 121 79 Y
074 4A J 090 SA Z 106 6A j 122 7A z
075 48 K 091 58 [ 107 68 k 123 78 [
I
076 4C L 092 5C \ 108 6C I 124 7C I

077 40 M 093 50 ] 109 60 m 125 70 J

078 4E N 094 5E /\ 110 6E n 126 7E -
079 4F 0 095 SF - 111 6F 0 127 7F 6 (DEL)

Tab. A-2 Code Page 850 (Multilingual) (cont.)

IIS-008 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 COD. PAG. TABL••

DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

128 80 (: 144 90 E 160 AO Ii 176 BO ;;l;]

129 81 ii 145 91 1B 161 AI i 177 BI II
130 82 e 146 92 IE 162 A2 0 178 B2 ~R~~r.~
131 83 Ii 147 93 0 163 A3 U 179 B3 I
132 84 ii 148 94 ii 164 A4 ii 180 B4 -i
133 85 a 149 95 0 165 A5 N 181 B5 A
134 86 a 150 96 U 166 A6 ! 182 B6 A
135 87 ~ 151 97 U 167 A7 !! 183 B7 A
136 88 e 152 98 Y 168 A8 ;, 184 B8 ©
137 89 e 153 99 0 169 A9 ® 185 B9 =ll
138 8A e 154 9A U 170 AA -, 186 BA II
139 8B I 155 9B ~ 171 AB 112 187 BB =;]
~

140 8C 1 156 9C £ 172 AC 114 188 BC ,JJ

141 80 i 157 90 0 173 AO j 189 BO ¢
142 8E A 158 9E X 174 AE « 190 BE ¥
143 8F A 159 9F f 175 AF » 191 BF -,

Tab. A-2 Code Page 850 (Multilingual) (cont.)

1r7
 ()EC HEX CHARACTER ()EC HEX CHARACTER ()EC HEX CHARACTER () EC HEX CHARACTER

192 CO L 208 DO ~ 224 EO 6 240 FiJ -

193 CI ..L 209 DI D 225 EI P 241 FI ±
194 C2 T 210 D2 £ 226 E2 () 242 F2 --
195 C3 f-- 211 D3 ~ 227 E3 0 243 F3 3 /4
196 C4 - 212 D4 E 228 E4 0 244 F4 ~
197 C5 + 213 D5 I 229 E5 0 245 F5 §
198 C6 a 214 D6 i 230 E6 ~ 246 F6

199 C7 A 215 D7 r 231 E7 P 247 F7 -

0
200 C8 Ib 216 D8 I 232 E8 I> 248 F8
201 C9 "'il 217 D9 ..J 233 E9 U 249 F9 ..
202 CA .JL 218 DA I 234 EA 0 250 FA .
• 0 I

-
203 CB 1r 219 DB 235 EB 251 FB
,
204 cc IF 220 DC 236 EC Y 252 FC 3
,
205 CD - 221 DD I
I
237 ED Y 253 FD 2

-
206 CE ,r
.JL
222 DE j 238 EE - 254 FE
•
,
207 CF n 223 DF 239 EF 255 FF ,srM:"'(SP)

Tab. A-2 Code Page 850 (Multilingual) (cont.)

IIS-DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CODE PAGE TABLES

DEC HEX CHARACfER DEC HEX CHARACfER DEC HEX CHARACfER DEC HEX CHARACfER

000 00 ~~~I~~ (NULL) 016 10 • (OLE) 032 20 BLAN K

(SPACE) 048 30 0
001 01 <;;)(SOH) 017 11 ~ (D Cl) 033 21 ! 049 31 1
002 02 • (STX ) 018 12 t (D C2) 034 22 " 050 32 2
003 03 • (ET X) 019 13 !! (DeJ) 035 23 # 051 33 3
004 04 + (EOT) 020 14 9T (DC4) 036 24 $ 052 34 4
005 05 ",, (ENQ) 021 15 § (N AC) 037 25 % 053 35 5
006 06 ... (ACK) 022 16 - (SYN) 038 26 & 054 36 6
007 07 • (BEL ) 023 17 ..L (ETB) 039 27
, 055 37 7
008 08 a (BS) 024 18 I (CAN) 040 28 ( 056 38 8
009 09 o (HT) 025 19 ! (EM ) 041 29 ) 057 39 9
010 OA [iJ (L F) 026 lA - (SUB) 042 2A * 058 3A :
011 08 r:J (VT) 027 18 - (ESC) 043 28 + 059 38 ;
012 OC Q (FF) 028 lC L (FS) 044 2C , 060 3C <
013 OD Jl (CR) 029 ID - (GS) 045 2D - 061 3D =
014 OE ~ (SO) 030 IE .. (RS) 046 2E . 062 3E >
015 OF ¢ (51) 031 IF • (US) 047 2F / 063 3F ?

Tab. A-3 Code Page 860 (Portugal)

 DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER

064 40 @ 080 50 P 096 60

, 112 70 P
065 41 A 081 51 Q 097 61 a 113 71 q
066 42 B 082 52 R 098 62 b 114 72 r
067 43 C 083 53 S 099 63 C 115 73 S

068 44 D 084 54 T 100 64 d 116 74 t

069 45 E 085 55 U 101 65 e 117 75 U

070 46 F 086 56 V 102 66 f 118 76 v

071 47 G 087 57 W 103 67 g 119 77 w
072 48 H 088 58 X 104 68 h 120 78 X

073 49 I 089 59 Y 105 69 i 121 79 Y

074 4A J 090 5A Z 106 6A j 122 7A Z

075 48 K 091 58 [ 107 68 k 123 78 (

I
076 4C L 092 5C \ 108 6C I 124 7C I

077 40 M 093 50 ] 109 60 m 125 70 J

078 4E N 094 5E
" 110 6E n 126 7E -
079 4F 0 095 5F - 111 6F 0 127 7F 6. (DEL)

Tab. A-3 Code Page 860 (Portugal) (cant.)

A-10 MS-OOS 80FIWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CODE PAGE TABLES

DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX I CHARACTER

128 80 C; 144 90 E 160 AO Ii 176 BO :::rr

A
I-
129 81 ii 145 91 161 Al i 177 Bl

130 82 e 146 92 E 162 A2 6 178 B2

131 83 it 147 93 0 163 A3 U 179 B3 1

132 84 a 148 94 0 164 A4 jj uio B4 --I
133 85 it 149 95 0 165 AS N 181 B5 =9
134 86 A 150 96 U 166 A6 ! 182 B6 -11
135 87 ~ 151 97 It 167 A7 !! 183 B7 \I

136 88 e 152 98 i 168 A8 l 184 B8 9

137 89 E 153 99 0 169 A9 0 185 B9 91

138 8A e 154 9A 0 170 AA -, 186 BA II
139 8B i 155 9B ¢ 171 AB 112 187 BB "i1
140 8C 0 156 9C £ 172 AC 114 188 BC ='I
141 80 i 157 90 U 173 AO i 189 BO .JI
142 8E A 158 9E PI 174 AE « 190 BE d
143 8F A 159 9F 6 175 AF » 191 BF I

Tab. A-3 Code Page 860 (Portugal) (cont.)

A-11
 DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

192 CO L 208 DO JL 224 EO ex: 240 FO -

193 CI ...L 209 Dl T 225 EI 13 241 FI ±
194 C2 T 210 D2 If" 226 E2 r 242 F2 ~

195 C3 r 211 D3 IL 227 E3 n 243 F3 ~

196 C4 - 212 D4 b 228 E4 L 244 F4 r

197 CS + 213 DS F 229 ES a 245 FS J
198 C6 1= 214 D6 rr 230 E6 JJ 246 F6
199 C7 II- 215 D7 1- 231 E7 T 247 F7 =:::

200 C8 lb 216 D8 9= 232 E8 <t> 248 F8 0

201 C9 IF 217 D9 .J 233 E9 & 249 F9 •

202 CA .JL 218 DA r 234 EA () 250 FA .
•
lr

- 6 Y
203 CD 219 DD 235 ED 251 FD
204 CC 1:= 220 DC 236 EC 00 252 FC n
205 CD - 221 DD I 237 ED /2) 253 FD 2

206
207
CE
CF
,r
.JL

...L
222
223
DE
DF
- I 238
239
EE
EF
E
n
254
255
FE I
FF ''''' '<I (SP )

Tab. A-3 Code Page 860 (Portugal) (cont.)

A-12 Ms-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CODE PAGE TABLE.

DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER

000 00 ~N~a:~ (NUL) 016 10 ~ (OLE) 032 20 ',..""D (SP) 048 30 0

001 01 ~(SOH) 017 II ... (DCI) 033 21 ! 049 31 1
002 02 • (STX) 018 12 t (DC2) 034 22 " 050 32 2
003 03 • (ETX) 019 13 !! (DeJ) 035 23 # 051 33 3
004 04 + (EOT) 020 14 err (DC4) 036 24 $ 052 34 4
005 05 "" (ENQ) 021 15 § (NAK) 037 25 % 053 35 5
006 06 .,. (ACK) 022 16 - (SYN) 038 26 & 054 36 6
007 07 • (BEL) 023 17 1.. (ETB) 039 27
, 055 37 7
008 08 a (BS) 024 18 I (CAN) 040 28 ( 056 38 8
009 09 o (HT) 025 19 I (EM) 041 29 ) 057 39 9
010 OA [t] (LF) 026 IA - (SUB) 042 2A * 058 3A :
011 08 cJ (VT) 027 18 - (FSC) 043 28 + 059 38 ;
012 OC ~ (FF) 028 IC L (FS) 044 2C , 060 3C <
013 00 Jl (CR) 029 ID -(GS) 045 20 - 061 30 =
014 OE ~ (SO) 030 IE . (RS) 046 2E . 062 3E >
015 OF <1 (SI) 031 IF . (US) 047 2F / 063 3F ?

Tab. A-4 Code Page 865 (Norway)

A-13
 DEC: Il EX CHARACTER ()EC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER ()EC: HEX CIlARACTER
,
064 40 @ 080 50 P 096 60 112 70 P
065 41 A 081 51 Q 097 61 a 113 71 q
066 42 B 082 52 R 098 62 b 114 72 r
067 43 C 083 53 S 099 63 C 115 73 S

068 44 D 084 54 T 100 64 d 116 74 t

069 45 E 085 55 U 101 65 e 117 75 U

070 46 F 086 56 V 102 66 f 118 76 v

071 47 G 087 57 W 103 67 g 119 77 w
072 48 H 088 58 X 104 68 h 120 78 X

073 49 I 089 59 Y 105 69 i 121 79 Y

074 4A J 090 5A Z 106 6A j 122 7A Z

075 48 K 091 58 [ 107 68 k 123 78 [

I
076 4C L 092 5C \ 108 6C I 124 7C I

077 4D M 093 5D ] 109 6D m 125 7D J

078 4E N 094 5E II 110 6E n 126 7E -
079 4F 0 095 5F - 111 6F 0 127 7F 6. (DEll
•
Tab. A-4 Code Page 865 (Norway) (cont.)

IIS-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CODE PAGE TABLES

DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

128 80 ~ 144 90 it 160 AO a 176 BO /

129 81 ii 145 91 re 161 AI i 177 Bl I
130 82 e 146 92 IE. 162 A2 0 178 B2 ::::;::1:::
131 83 Ii 147 93 0 163 A3 II 179 B3 I
132 84 ii 148 94 ij 164 A4 fi 180 B4 -l
133 85 it 149 95 0 165 AS N 181 B5 =I
134 86 a 150 96 fi 166 A6 ! 182 B6 -II
135 87 ~ 151 97 U 167 A7 Q 183 B7 II

136 88 e 152 98 Y 168 ,A8 ;, 184 B8 9

137 89 e 153 99 0 169 A9 r 185 B9 91

138 8A e 154 9A U 170 AA -, 186 BA II
139 8B I 155 9B A 171 AB 112 187 BB "il
140
.I 156 9C £ 172 AC 1/ 4 188 BC ,JJ
8C
141 80 i 157 90 A 173 AD j 189 BO .JJ
142 8E A 158 9E PI 174 AE « 190 BE d
143 8F A 159 9F f 175 AF n 191 BF -,

Tab. A-4 Code Page 865 (Norway) (cant.)

A-1S
 DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

192 CO L 208 DO .JL 224 EO Q 240 FO -

193 Cl ..L 209 D1 T 225 El f3 241 F1 ±
194 C2 T 210 D2 -rr 226 E2 r 242 F2 ~

195 C3 I- 211 D3 lL 227 E3 n 243 F3 :s

196 C4 - 212 D4 b 228 E4 L 244 F4 r
197 C5 + 213 D5 F 229 E5 a 245 F5 J
198 C6 F 214 D6 IT"" 230 E6 ~ 246 F6
199 C7 II- 215 D7 231 E7 T 247 F7 :::::
"*" 0
200 C8 Ib 216 D8 =+= 232 E8 <t> 248 F8
201 C9 IF 217 D9 .J 233 E9 e- 249 F9 •
202 CA JL 218 DA I 234 EA 0 250 FA .
•
- ~ Y
203 CB lr 219 DB 235 EB 251 FB
204 cc IF 220 DC 236 EC 00 252 FC n
205 CD - 221 DD I 237 ED 0 253 FD 1

206
207
CE
CF
,r
.JL

..L
222
223
DE
DF
- I 238
239
EE
EF
E
n
254
255
FE
FF
I
" ..co:o (SP)

Tab. A-4 Code Page 865 (Norway) (cont.)

A-18 MS-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CODE PAGE TABLE.

DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

BLANK
000 00 ~~~I~~ (NULL) 016 10 ~ (OLE) 032 20 (SPACE) 048 30 0
001 01 <;;> (SOH) 017 11 ... (DCI) 033 21 ! 049 31 1
002 02 • (STX) 018 12 t (DC2) 034 22 " 050 32 2
003 03
• (UX)
019 13 !! (D C3) 035 23 # 051 33 3
004 04 • (E(IT)
020 14 err (DC4) 036 24 $ 052 34 4
005 05 ..,(ENQ) 021 15 § (NAC) 037 25 % 053 35 5
006 06 • (ACK)
022 16 _ (SYN) 038 26 & 054 36 6
007 07 • (B EL) 023 17 .L (ETB) 039 27 • 055 37 7
008 08 a (BS) 024 18 I (CAN) 040 28 ( 056 38 8
009 09 o (HT) 025 19 j (EM) 041 29 ) 057 39 9
010 OA [i] (LF) 026 lA - (SUB) 042 2A * 058 3A :
011 08 cJ (VT) 027 18 - (ESC) 043 28 + 059 38 ;
012 OC 9 (FF) 028 lC L (FS) 044 2C
• 060 3C <
013 OD Jl (CR) 029 10 -(GS) 045 2D - 061 3D =
014 OE ~ (SO) 030 IE • (RS) 046 2E 062 3E >
015 OF -¢ (51) 031 IF (US) 047 2F / 063 3F ?
'"

Fig. A-5 Code Page 220 (National Spain)

A-17
 DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER

064 40 @ 080 50 P 096 60

, 112 70 P
065 41 A 081 51 Q 097 61 a 113 71 q
066 42 B 082 52 R 098 62 b 114 72 r
067 43 C 083 53 S 099 63 C 115 73 S

068 44 D 084 54 T 100 64 d 116 74 t

069 45 E 085 55 U 101 65 e 117 75 U

070 46 F 086 56 V 102 66 f 118 76 v

071 47 G 087 57 W 103 67 g 119 77 w
072 48 H 088 58 X 104 68 h 120 78 x
073 49 I 089 59 Y 105 69 i 121 79 Y
074 4A J 090 5A Z 106 6A j 122 7A z
075 48 K 091 58 [ 107 68 k 123 78 [
I
076 4C L 092 5C \ 108 6C I 124 7C I

077 40 M 093 50 ] 109 60 m 125 7D J

078 4E N 094 5E
" 110 6E n 126 7E -
079 4F 0 095 5F - 111 6F 0 127 7F 6 (DEL)

Fig. A-5 Code Page 220 (National Spain) (cont.)

A-18 Ms-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

128 80 c;:: 144 90 It 160 AO a 176 BO ::r:@

129 81 ii 145 91 i 161 AI i 177 BI @I~~i
130 82 e 146 92 6 162 A2 0 178 B2 g
131 83 a 147 93 0 163 A3 Ii 179 B3 1
132 84 ii 148 94 0 164 A4 ii 180 B4 -l
133 85 it 149 95 0 165 AS N 181 B5 =l
134 86 A ISO 96 U 166 A6 ! 182 B6 -11
135 87 ~ 151 97 It 167 A7 Q. 183 B7 11

136 88 e 152 98 A 168 A8 ;, 184 B8 9

137 89 e 153 99 0 169 A9 I· 185 B9 =fl

138 8A e 154 9A U 170 AA l. 186 BA II
139 8B "j ISS 9B 0 171 AB 112 187 BB =;!
"
140 8C I 156 9C £ 172 AC 114 188 BC ='I
141 80 i 157 90 U 173 AD j 189 BO .JI
142 8E A 158 9E Pt 174 AE « 190 BE d
143 8F E 159 9F 'i 175 AF » 191 BF I

Fig. A-5 Code Page 220 (National Spain) (cont.)

"18
 DEC HEX CHARACTEI DEC HEX CHARACTEI DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

192 CO L 208 DO JL 224 EO ex: 240 FO -

193 Cl ..L 209 D1 T 225 El J3 241 F1 ±
194 C2 T 210 D2 "'lr 226 E2 r 242 F2 ~

195 C3 ~ 211 03 L 227 E3 IT 243 F3 :5

196 C4 - 212 04 b 228 E4 I: 244 F4 r

197 C5 + 213 05 F 229 E5 a 245 F5 J
198 C6 F 214 D6 rr 230 E6 JJ 246 F6
199 C7 I~ 215 07 + 231 E7 T 247 F7 ==
200 C8 Ib 216 08 += 232 E8 <I> 248 F8 0

201 C9 IF 217 D9 ~ 233 E9 & 249 F9 •

202 CA .JL 218 OA r 234 EA n 250 FA .
• r
203
204
205
CB
cc
CD
lr
IF
=
219
220
221
DB
DC
DO -I
235
236

237
EB
EC
ED
~
00

0
251
252
253
FB
FC

FO
n
2

206
207
CE
CF
.JL
,r
..L
222
223
DE
OF
- I 238
239
EE
EF
E
n
254
255
FE I
FF '''''''E> (SP)

Fig. A-5 Code Page 220 (National Spain) (cont.)

118-008 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

BLANK 0
000 00 ~!~I:~ (NULL) 016 10 ~ (DlE) 032 20 (S PACE) 048 30

001 01 ~(SOH) 017 11 ... (D C I ) 033 21 ! 049 31 1

002 02 • (ST X) 018 12 t (D C 2) 034 22 " 050 32 2
003 03 • (ET X ) 019 13 !! (D C3) 035 23 # 051 33 3
004 04 + (EOT) 020 14 crT (D C4) 036 24 $ 052 34 4
005 05 + (ENQ) 021 15 § (NAC) 037 25 % 053 35 5
006 06 + (A C K) 022 16 - (S Y N) 038 26 & 054 36 6
,
007 07 • (BEL ) 023 17 ..L (ETB) 039 27 055 37 7
008 08 a (BS) 024 18 I (CAN ) 040 28 ( 056 38 8
009 09 o (HT) 025 19 I (EM ) 041 29 ) 057 39 9
010 OA [t) (I F) 026 IA - (SUB) 042 2A * 058 3A :
011 08 d' (VT) 027 18 - (ESC) 043 28 + 059 38 ;
012 OC ~ (FF ) 028 lC L (FS) 044 2C , 060 3C <
013 OD Jl (CR) 029 ID - - (CS) 045 2D - 061 3D =
014 OE ~ (SO) 030 IE • (RS) 046 2E 062 3E >
015 OF -¢ (S I ) 031 IF (US) 047 2F / 063 3F ?
"

Fig. A-6 Code Page 210 (Greece)

Ao21
 DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER
,
064 40 @ 080 50 P 096 60 112 70 P
065 41 A 081 51 Q 097 61 a 113 71 q
066 42 B 082 52 R 098 62 b 114 72 r
067 43 C 083 53 S 099 63 C 115 73 S

068 44 D 084 54 T 100 64 d 116 74 t

069 45 E 085 55 U 101 65 e 117 75 U

070 46 F 086 56 V 102 66 f 118 76 v

071 47 G 087 57 W 103 67 g 119 77 w
072 48 H 088 58 X 104 68 h 120 78 x
073 49 I 089 59 Y 105 69 i 121 79 Y
074 4A J 090 5A Z 106 6A j 122 7A Z

075 48 K 091 58 [ 107 68 k 123 78 (

I
076 4C L 092 5C \ 108 6C I 124 7C I

077 40 M 093 50 ] 109 60 m 125 70 J

078 4E N 094 5E 1\ 110 6E n 126 7E -
079 4F 0 095 5F - 111 6F 0 127 7F 6 (D EL)

Fig. A-6 Code Page 210 (Greece) (cont.)

MS-DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 COD. PACI. TABLa.

DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

}>
128 80 A 144 90 P 160 AO t 176 BO
129 81 B 145 91 1: 161 AI k 177 Bl II
130 82 r 146 92 T 162 A2 A. 178 B2 i::i::::i::i::

131 83 .1 147 93 Y 163 A3 !.t 179 B3 1

132 84 E 148 94 cp 164 A4 11 180 B4 --I
133 85 Z 149 95 X 165 A5 ~ 181 B5 ~
134 86 H 150 96 ip 166 A6 0 182 B6 -ll
135 87 e 151 97 Q 167 A7 n 183 B7 11

136 88 I 152 98 a 168 A8 P 184 B8 9

137 89 K 153 99 P 169 A9 (J 185 B9 91

138 8A A 154 9A I' 170 AA ~ 186 BA II
139 8B M 155 9B d 171 AB ~ 187 BB "i1
140 8C N 156 9C E 172 AC V 188 BC ,JJ

141
142
80
8E
--
...
0
157
158
90
9E
~
"1
173
174
AO
AE
fJJ
X
189
190
BO
BE
.JI
d
143 8F II 159 9F f) 175 AF 1p 191 BF -,

Fig. A-6 Code Page 210 (Greece) (cant.)

 DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

192 CO L 208 DO ...JL 224 EO (j) 240 FO n

193 CI ...L 209 D1 T 225 El a 241 F1 ±
194 C2 T 210 D2 "'lr 226 E2 S 242 F2 ~

195 C3 I- 211 03 IL 227 E3 Ii 243 F3 :$

196 C4 - 212 04 b 228 E4 .j 244 F4 r

197 C5 + 213 05 F 229 E5 i 245 F5 J
198 C6 F 214 D6 n- 230 E6 6 246 F6

II-
*=+
199 C7 215 07 231 E7 U 247 F7 :::::
0
200 C8 lb 216 08 232 E8 ii 248 F8
201 C9 IF 217 09 ..J 233 E9 cO 249 F9 £
202 CA .JL 218 OA r 234 EA A 250 FA .
• r
-
203 CB lr 219 DB 235 EB 'E 251 FB
204 CC 11= 220 DC 236 EC 'H 252 FC n
205 CD = 221 DO I 237 ED 'I 253 FO 2

206
207
CE
CF
,r
.JL

...L
222
223
DE
OF
- I 238
239
EE
EF
0
'y
254
255
FE
FF
I
ISPM:t:I(S P )

Fig. A-6 Code Page 210 (Greece) (cont.)

11&008 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CODE PAGE TABLES

DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

000 00 ~~~I~~ (NULL) 016 10 • (OLE) 032 20 BLA NK

(SPACE) 048 30 0
001 01 C;>(SOH) 017 11 ... (DCI) 033 21 ! 049 31 1
002 02 • (STX) 018 12 t (D C2) 034 22 " 050 32 2
003 03 • (ETX) 019 13 !! (DO) 035 23 # 051 33 3
004 04 + (EOT) 020 14 IT (DC4) 036 24 $ 052 34 4
005 05 ",,(ENQ) 021 15 § (NAC) 037 25 % 053 35 5
006 06 ... (ACK) 022 16 _ (SYN) 038 26 & 054 36 6
007 07 • (BEL) 023 17 l (ETB) 039 27
, 055 37 7
008 08 a (BS) 024 18 I (CAN) 040 28 ( 05<i 38 8
009 09 o (HT) 025 19 I (EM) 041 29 ) 057 39 9
010 OA [i] ( LF) 026 lA - (SUB) 042 2A * 058 3A :
011 08 cJ (VT) 027 18 - (ESC) 043 28 + 059 38 ;
012 OC Q (FF) 028 IC L (FS) 044 2C , 060 3C <
013 00 )1 (CR) 029 10 -(GS) 045 2D - 061 30 =
014 OE ~ (SO) 030 IE ... (RS) 046 2E 062 3E >
015 OF P (SI) 031 IF ,. (US) 047 2F / 063 3F ?

Fig. A-7 Code Page 190 (Germany GS)

WI
 DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER DEC: HEX CHARACTER

064 40 @ 080 50 P 096 60

, 112 70 P
065 41 A 081 51 Q 097 61 a 113 71 q
066 42 B 082 52 R 098 62 b 114 72 r
067 43 C 083 53 S 099 63 C 115 73 S

068 44 D 084 54 T 100 64 d 116 74 t

069 45 E 085 55 U 101 65 e 117 75 U

070 46 F 086 56 V 102 66 f 118 76 v

071 47 G 087 57 W 103 67 g 119 77 W

072 48 H 088 58 X 104 68 h 120 78 X

073 49 I 089 59 Y ]05 69 i 121 79 Y

074 4A J 090 SA Z ]06 6A j 122 7A Z

075 48 K 091 58 [ 107 68 k 123 78 [

I
076 4C L 092 5C \ 108 6C I 124 7C I

077 40 M 093 50 ] ]09 60 m 125 70 J

078 4E N 094 5E II 110 6E n 126 7E -
079 4F 0 095 SF - 111 6F 0 127 7F 6. (DEll

Fig. A-7 Code Page 190 (Germany GS) (cont.)

Ms-DOS SOFIWARE INSTALLAnoN GUIDE

 CODE PAGE TABLES

IIEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

128 80 ~ 144 90 E 160 AO Ii 176 DO mmr:

129 81 ii 145 91 c:e 161 AI i 177 BI i~iIIi
130 82 e 146 92 ~ 162 A2 6 178 B2 m
131 83 it 147 93 0 163 A3 Ii 179 B3 1
132 84 ii 148 94 0 164 A4 Ii 180 B4 -i
133 85 a 149 95 0 165 AS N 181 BS =I
134 86 Ii ISO 96 il 166 A6 1! 182 B6 -11
135 87 ~ 151 97 U 167 A7 Q. 183 B7 1\

136 88 e 152 98 Y 168 A8 ;, 184 B8 9

137 89 e 153 99 0 169 A9 r 185 B9 91

138 8A e 154 9A iJ 170 AA -, 186 BA II
139 8B I ISS 9B ¢ 171 AB 112 187 BB =;]

140 8C
.I 156 9C £ 172 AC 114 188 BC ,JJ

141 80 i 157 90 ~ 173 AO 189 BO .JJ

T j

142 8E A 158 9E Pt 174 AE « 190 BE d

143 8F A 159 9F f 175 AF » 191 BF -,

Fig. A-7 Code Page 190 (Germany GS) (cont.)

A-27
 DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER

192 CO L 208 DO ..JL 224 EO a 240 FO -

193 Cl ...L 209 D1 T 225 El 13 241 Fl ±
194 C2 T 210 D2 "lr 226 E2 r 242 F2 ~

195 C3 f- 211 D3 1L 227 E3 n 243 F3 ::5

196 C4 - 212 D4 b 228 E4 L 244 F4 r

197 C5 + 213 D5 F 229 E5 a 245 F5 J
198 C6 F 214 D6 Ir 230 E6 11 246 F6
199 C7 If- 215 D7 -I\- 231 E7 T 247 F7 ~

0
200 C8 Ib 216 D8 =+= 232 E8 <P 248 F8
201 C9 IF 217 D9 .J 233 E9 e- 249 F9 •
202 CA .JL 218 DA r 234 EA Q 250 FA .
203 CB 219 DB
• 235 EB 5 251 FB r
-
1r
204 CC 11= 220 DC 236 EC 00 252 FC n
205 CD - 221 DD I 237 ED 0 253 FD 2

206
207
CE
CF
,r
.JL

...L
222
223
DE
DF
- I 238
239
EE
EF
E
n
254
255
FE
FF
I
tSPM'l:I (SP)

Fig. A-7 Code Page 190 (Germany GS) (cont.)

MS-DOS SOFtWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

B. CONFIG.SYS COMMANDS
 CONFIG.SYS COMMANDS

INTRODUCTION

Whenever MS-DOS is initialized, it searches the root directory for a file

named CONFIG.SYS. If this file exists, it is read and the configuring
commands within it are executed. If CONFIG .SYS is not found the
default setting for each command is used.

You can create or modify the CONFIG .SYS file using the Video File
Editor (EDIT) and include in it any of the commands described in this
appendix.

Also if the particular command within CONFIG.SYS is not found its

default setting is used.

BREAK

Purpose Sets or resets the GTRL Gor GTRL BREAK break facility.

Syntax BREAK= ON I OFF

Comments The action of the BREAK command is exactly the same as

described in Chapter 7 "MS-DOS Commands" in the "MS-
DOS User Guide". However, it can only occur once in the
CONFIG .SYS file . The state set by including this com -
mand in the CONFIG .SYS file can later be reversed by
entering a BREAK command with the opposite argument
at the keyboard.

The default is OFF.

B-1
BUFFERS

Purpose Sets the number of buffers to be allocated.

Syntax BUFFERS=number

Where number is a decimal number in the range 2 to 255 that

defines the number of buffers to be allocated . The default
value is 15.

Comments The optimum number of buffers depends on factors such

as:

• the kind of disk drives attached to the computer

• whether external devices such as spooling tape are

attached

• the type of applications most commonly used

• the amount of main memory

• whether the computer is acting as a network server

If your applications perform a lot of random accesses you

will probably benefit by using a larger number of buffers.
However, beyond a certain number it may take MS-DOS
longer to scan the buffers than it would to access a value
from disk. For most data base applications between 10
and 20 buffers is a reasonable number.

Memory size affects the optimum number of buffers

because each additional buffer requires 512 bytes of
memory.

The optimum number of buffers can only be determined by

trial then timing the result.

Ms-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLAnoN GUIDE

 CONFIG.8Y8 COMMAND8

COUNTRY

Purpose Sets the country to allow MS-DOS to use the correct

national time, date, currency,decimal separators and case
conversion.

Syntax COUNTRY=xxx[,(yyy][,pathname))

Where xxx is the country code (default is 001 for USA). yyy is the
code page for that country (default is code page 437 -
United States) . pathname is the path to the file containing
country information (default is COUNTRY.SYS ).

Comments For a list of valid country codes and code pages see
Chapter 4 "How To Use Code Pages" .

DEVICE

Purpose Installs a device driver.

Syntax DEVICE=pathname [argument]

Where pathname is the path to the device driver system file.

argument accepts any parameters and/or switches used
by the declared device driver.

Comments The standard installable device drivers provided with MS-

DOS are ANSI.SYS, DISPLAY.SYS, DRIVER.SYS,
PRINTER.SYS and VDISK.SYS. For information on these
device drivers see Appendix C "Installable Device Drivers".

Also provided is CACHER.SYS, see Appendix D "The Disk

Cache System" for details.

Alternatively, you may enter the file name of any device

driver written for your system .
Warning The device drivers COUNTRY.SYS and KEYBOARD.SYS
are loaded automatically when required. Do not try to load
either of these with the DEVICE command. If you do, it
will "hang" your system (that is, MS-DOS will not start).

DRIVPARM

Purpose Enables you to override the default settings for predefined

block devices.

Syntax DRIVPARM= /D:drive-no ue] UF:form-factor] UH:head]

UN /S:sectors] [IT:tracks]

Where

S WITCH PARAMETER MEANING

/D driv e- no Specifies th e logical driv e number

bet ween 0 and 255 . So O=A: 1 =8 :
2=C: etc.

/C Disk change support is required.

/F form - factor Specifies the media fo r mat and kind

to be support e d. Where :

o 320/360 K8

IIS-D08 8OF1WARE INSTALLA110N GUIDE

 CONFIG •• YS CO .... AND.

SWITCH PARAMETER MEANING

1 1.2 MB
2 720 KB (default)
3 8 inch single density
4 8 inch double density
5 Hard Disk
6 Tape Drive
7 1.44 MB ( 3 1/2 inch diskette)

IH heads Specifies the number of heads on the

disk drive. Its value can range
from 1 to 99. The default is 2
heads.

IN Specifies a non - removable block

device such as a hard disk .

IS sectors Specifies the number of sectors per

track. Its value can range from 1
to 99. The default is 9 sectors per
track.

IT tracks Specifies the number of tracks per

side . Its value can range from 1
through 999. The default is 80
tracks per side.

Note

DRIVPARM can be repeated on several lines of the CONFIG.SYS file

with different parameters.
Example

You might have a computer with an internal tape drive unit on drive "0:"
that is configured at boot time to write 20 tracks of 40 sectors per track.
If you want to reconfigure this tape drive to write 10 tracks of 99 sectors
each, you can put the following line in your CONFIG.SYS file:

DRIVPARM=/D:3 /F:6 /H:1 /S:99/T:10

This overrides the default device driver settings, and supports a tape
drive as drive "0:" (in this case the logical and physical drive numbers
are identical). This tape drive has 1 head, and supports a tape format
of 10 tracks and 99 sectors per track. (This assumes that the device
driver for the tape device supports this configuration of tracks and
sectors). You might want to use this method to create a tape that you
can read on another computer that can only read this alternate format.

FCBS

Function Defines the number of FILES opened with File Control

Blocks that can be open at anyone time.

Syntax FCBS= maxopen,number

Where maxopen is a number from 1 to 255 which represents the

maximum number of files that can be opened with File
Control Blocks. The default value is 4.

number is a number from 0 to 255 that specifies the files

that MS-DOS cannot close automatically if the applica-
tion tries to open more than maxopen. The first files
opened are the protected files. The default value of
number is O.

Note You are advised not to use this command unless the appli-
cation specifies or you are having trouble while file-sharing
on a server. If sharing is not loaded this command is not
applicable.

1M IIS-D08 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CONFIG ••Y. CO .... AND.

FILES

Purpose Defines the number of file handles that can be open at any
one time.

Syntax FILES=number

Where number is a decimal number in the range 1 to 255

defining the number of files that a program can have
open. The default is 8.

Comments Each additional file above the default value of 8 requires

an extra 48 bytes of memory. These 8 file handles include
the 5 predefined file handles for: the console, standard
input, standard output, auxiliary output and printer output.

The maximum number of file handles all Concurrently run-

ning programs can have open is 20 (default maximum) or
65,534 (extended) . See the MS-DOS Ver. 3.30 "System
Programmer Guide" for more details.

LASTDRIVE

Purpose Sets the maximum number of drives that you may access.

Syntax LASTDRIVE =drive-/etter

Where drive-letter is any letter from A through Z, defining the

last valid drive that MS-DOS will accept.
Comments The default is:

LASTDRIVE=E

Remarks You cannot set LASTDRIVE less than the number of drives
on your computer.

SHELL

Purpose Loads a top-level command processor, which can be

COMMAND.COM or an alternative command processor.

Syntax SHELL=pathname path [/E:nnnnn] IP

Where pathname is the drive, path and file name containing

the top-level command processor to be loaded.

path is the drive and path of the directory containing the

top-level command processor. This sets the environment
variable COMSPEC to point to the command processor
for reloading purposes.

S WITCH MEANING

/E: nnnnn This switch specifi e s the environment si z e ,

wh e re nnnnn is the size in byt e s. The size may
range betw e en 160 and 32768 bytes. Th e default
value is 160 bytes.
------------------------------------------------------- ~

Ms-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 CO.FIG ••V. CO .... AND.

S WITCH MEANI NG

/p This switch must be specified . This is to

indicate that the command processor is to be
u sed for system startup. If omitted
AUTOEXEC.BAT will not be execute d and an EXIT
causes a system crash.

Example SHELL=C:\BIN\COMMAND.COM C:\BI/E:16384/P

This command causes the top level command processor to be loaded

from the \BIN directory of the C: drive. The second parameter indicates
that the transitory part of the command processor is to be reloaded
from the \BIN directory of the C: drive. The IE switch sets the environ-
ment size to be 16384 bytes. The IP switch must be specified to indi-
cate this is the top level command processor.

STACKS

Purpose In this version of MS-DOS the default is for hardware inter-

rupts to use a separate stack. This command declaration
sets the number and size of stack frames available for
hardware interrupt stacking.

Syntax STACKS=frames,size

Where frames specifies the number of stack frames can range

from 0 through 64. The default value is 9.

size specifies the size in bytes of each stack frame. This

number can range from 0 through 512. The default is 128.

When STACKS=O,O
 MS-DOS will not use a separate stack, but will use the
"User Stack".

Comments When a hardware interrupt occurs, MS-DOS allocates a

stack frame from the available frames. When the BIOS
has processed the interrupt, MS-DOS frees the stack
frame . If too many hardware interrupts are queued for the
available stack resources, the system crashes and outputs
the following message:

Internal sta c k overflow, System halted.

If this situation should occur on your personal computer,

increase the number of stack frames. The default stack
size of 128, is sufficient except in exceptional cir-
cumstances. The pool of stack frames is within the
memory allocated at the initialization of MS-DOS, increas-
ing the STACKS parameters reduces available memory by
the corresponding number of bytes.

8-10 Ms-DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

C. INSTALLABLE DEVICE DRIVERS
 I.STALLA.LE DEVICE DRIVERS

INTRODUCTION

Device Drivers are programs that extend the MS-DOS operating

system to either recognize additional devices or to use existing devices
in a new way. Examples of devices are a modem, a printer, a mouse
and an external disk drive. Some device drivers are already installed in
MS-DOS. Other device drivers come with MS-DOS for you to install if
you need them.

These device drivers are declared to MS-DOS by placing the

command:

DEVICE=pathname [argument]

Where

pathname is the path to the device driver system file.

argument accepts any parameters and/or switches used by the

declared device driver.

The DEVICE command can be used a number of times in

CONFIG.SYS to make different device declarations.

See "DEVICE" in Appendix B "CONFIG.SYS Commands"

for more details.

Warning

The device drivers COUNTRY.SYS and KEYBOARD.SYS are loaded

automatically when required. Do not try to load either of these with the
DEVICE command. If you do, it will "hang" your system (that is, MS-
DOS will not start).
ANSI.SYS

Purpose An ANSI escape sequence is a series of characters begin-

ning with the character ESC (decimal 27, hex 1B) that can
be generated to define functions to MS-DOS. Specifically
these can affect cursor movement, erase specific areas of
the screen and set the graphics mode, by issuing these
sequences through standard MS-DOS input/output. The
interpretation of these escape sequences requires the
declaration of ANSI,SYS in the CONFIG.SYS

ANSI,SYS is a file included on your MS-DOS Startup

Diskette.

Syntax DEVICE=[drive:][path]ANSI.SYS

Remarks The ANSI escape sequences themselves are documented

in the "MS-DOS Reference Manual"

DISPLAY.SYS

Purpose DISPLAY.SYS is an installable device driver that supports

code page switching for the console device.
DISPLAY.SYS is a file included on your MS-DOS Startup
Diskette.

Syntax DEVICE=[drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS
CON[:]=[type[,hwcp][,n,mJ]

IIS-DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 I.STALLA.LE DEVICE DRIVERS

Parameters

PARA METER VALUE

t y pe The display a d apter in use.

Valid v al u es i n cl ud e MONO, CGA , EGA .

hwcp The code page sup po rte d by the h ard ware.

The follo wing valu es are allo wed :

437 (Un ited States )

860 ( Portuga l)
865 (No r wa y)
210 (Greece )
190 (Germany GS )
220 ( S p ain1 )
862 ( Israel )

n The numb er of ad d itiona l code pages t h at

can be s upp orte d. This numb er is dependent
on the h ard ware . MONO and CG A do n ot
support other fonts , so n mu st be o. EG A
can be 2 .

m The numb er of s ub - fo nt s t h at are supported

for each code page.

DRIVER.SYS

Purpose DRIVER.SYS is a device driver, which when installed

either: enables a new block device to be installed; or
enables existing block devices to be referred to as a new
logical block device with different characteristics.
DRIVER.SYS is a file included on your MS-DOS Startup
Diskette.
Syntax DEVICE=[drive:][path]DRIVER.SYS /D:drive-no [lC]
[IF:form-factor] [lH:heads][lN /S:sectors][IT:tracks]

Where

SWITCH PARAMETER MEANING

/D drive-no Specifies the physical drive

number between 0 and 255 .
Floppy disk drives start at 0,
hard disks start at 128 .

Ic Disk 'cha ng e support is

required. See SHARE in
Ch apter 5 for mo re de tai ls.

/F form· factor Specifies the media format and

kind to supported. Where:

0 320/360 KB
1 1.2 MB
2 720 KB (d efaul t)
3 8 inch single density
4 8 inch double density
5 Hard Disk
6 Tape Drive
7 1 . 44 MB

/H heads Specifies the number of heads

on the disk drive. Its value
can range from 1 to 99 . The
default is 2 heads.

/N Specifies a non - removable

block device such as a hard
disk .
------------------------------------------------------_ .

MS-DOS SOFIWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 I.STALLA.LE DIVICE DRIVERS

SWITCH PARAM ETER MEAN I NG

Is sectors Specifies the numb er of

sectors per track. Its v alue
can range fro m 1 to 99 default
is nine sectors per track .

IT tracks Specifies the number of tra cks

per si d e . Its v al u e can range
from 1 t h rough 999. Th e
default is 80 tracks per
si d e.

Note DEVICE=DRIVER.SYS can be repeated on several lines

of the CONFIG .SYS file with different parameters.

PRINTER.SYS

Purpose PRINTER.SYS is an installable device driver that supports

code page switching for parallel ports LPT1 , LPT2, and
LPT3. (The port name PRN may be substituted for LPT1
to refer to the first parallel port.) PRINTER.SYS is a file
included on your MS-DOS Startup Diskette.

Syntax DEVICE=[drive:][path]PRINTER.SYS
LPTx=[type[,hwcp[, ... ))[,n))
Parameters

PARA METER VALUE

t y pe The type of printer in use . The follo wing

val u es are allo wed are:

4201 ( for IBM Proprinter Model 4201

co mpat ibles)
5202 ( for the Olivetti TH760S and other
Quietwriter III co mpatibl e s )

hwcp The c ode page supported by the hardwar e .

The follo wing values are allo wed :

437 (Un ited States )

850 (Mul tilingual)
860 ( Portugal)
863 (French-Canadian)
865 (Nordic)

n The number of additional code pages that

can be supported . Th is number is
dependent on the hardwar e .

VDISK.SYS

Purpose A virtual disk is part of Random Access Memory which

emulates a backing store Disk. The VDISK.SYS is a dev-
ice driver, which when installed, enables a virtual disk drive
with the next available drive letter. For example if you
have a two physical drive machine, with drives A: and B:,
when VDISK.SYS is installed, you will have an extra drive
C:. The only difference between virtual disk and real disk
is that when you turn your machine off, the information on

MS-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLA110N GUIDE

 I.STALLA.LE DEVICE DRIVERS

virtual disk will be lost. So remember to COPY all files you

want to keep from virtual disk to a real disk, before you
turn your machine off. VDISK.SYS is a file included on
your MS-DOS Startup Diskette.

Syntax DEVICE=[drive:][path]VDISK.SYS[disk-size] [sector-size]

.lentries] UE[:max))

Where

SYNTAX ELEMENT MEANING

dis k' size A decimal value declaring the

virtual disk size in Kilo Bytes.
The value be from 1 through to the
maximum free Random Access Memory
on your computer. The default is
64 Kilo Bytes.

sector-s i ze A decimal value declaring the

sector size in bytes . The value
may be 128, 256 or 512 . The
default is 128 bytes.

e n tr i es A decimal number declaring the

maximum number of directory
entries required for files. One
entry is used for a volume label .
Three entries are used for each
sub-directory. The value may be
from 2 through 512. The default
is 64 entries.

/E This s witch specifies tha t the

VDISK driver uses "extended
memory"_ MS-DOS can only directl y
address 640 KB_ Random Access
Memory installed over 640 KB is
------------------------------------------------------- ~

Co7
S YNTAX ELEMEN T MEANIN G

" exte nd e d me mor y " . Th is o p t i o n is

only a v ai l a b le on In te l
80 2 8 6 / 8 0 3 8 6 b ase d Perso nal
Compu ters , do n ot u se t h is s wi t c h
for ot h er Pers on al Co mp u t ers .

:max Th is is a p ara meter of the /E

s witc h , s p ecifyi n g the ma xi mum
numb e r o f sect o rs (o f sector ' size )
t h at a re t ra n sferre d to/fr o m
e x te nd e d me mo ry. Th e p ossi bl e
va l u es are a d eci mal numb er i n t h e
ra n ge 1 t h ro ugh 8. Th e d e f a ult
v al u e i s 8 .

Example This example assumes that VDISK.SYS is in the root

directory of the booting drive. For example place the fol-
lowing declaration in CONFIG.SYS:

DEVICE,., VDISK.SYS 128 512 32

Rebootstrap your computer and a message similar to the

following will be displayed:

VDI S K Version 3. 3 0 v irtual disk D :

Dir e ctory entries adju s t e d
Buff e r siz e : 1 2 8 KB
Sector size: 512
Dir ec tory entries : 32

Remarks The following situations cause VDISK to fail to install.

• less than 64 KB free memory.

• using the IE switch with no or sufficient extended

memory.

Ms-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 INSTALLABLE DEVICE DRIVERS

In these cases the following message is output on the

screen:

VDISK not installed - insufficient me mory

Remarks You can install more than one virtual disk by placing
several DEVICE = VDISK.SYS commands in your
CONFIG.SYS. Each virtual disk takes the next available
drive letter. If the next available drive letter is F:, for use
by the virtual disk, place the command:

LASTDRIVE=F

before your DEVICE command in CONFIG.SYS. Refer to

Appendix B for more details.

Warning Using VDISK in extended memory with networking

installed, may lead to problems of lost interrupts and corr-
uption of the virtual disk. If you have such problems, try
setting the max parameter of the IE switch to 1. If this
does not cure the problems, then you cannot place the
declaration "DEVICE=VDISK.SYS IE" in the
CONFIG.SYS, when you are going to load networking.
D. THE DISK CACHE SYSTEM
 THE DISK CACHE SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

This disk cache system stores frequently accessed backing store data
in a main memory buffer (or cache) . This means that when this data is
read by a program , it is read from main memory instead of from
backing store. This can improve the access time by a factor of
between 10% and 25% of the original access time. This performance
varies depending upon the disk access profile of the application and
upon the the efficiency of the particular hard disk controller. However
the variation among the efficiencies of the different disk controllers is
within 3%.

This software driver provides a cache for data being read not for data
being written. When data is written .the disk is updated. However if the
data sector is being cached, the cache is also updated. This means
that data read from cache is always consistent with the data on the
disk.

CACHER.SYS

Purpose CACHER.SYS is a device driver which must be declared in

the CONFIG.SYS file of the MS-DOS System Disk used
for bootstrapping the computer.

Syntax DEVICE=[d:][pathCACHER.SYS[ki/obytes]UE]URn]

Where kilobytes is a decimal value declaring the amount of

memory available, in KB (Kilo Bytes) to cache disk sectors.
If your hard disk uses 512 Byte disk sectors, then 50 KB
will hold 100 disk sectors, as 1024 Bytes equals 1 KB. If
you do not specify the IE switch (see below), you can
declare a value from 50 KB through 256 KB in memory
 with an address of below 640 KB. If you specify the IE
switch (see below), you can declare from 50 KB through
15360 KB. The default in both cases is is 50 KB.

IE is an option switch specifying that the CACHER driver

uses "extended memory". MS-DOS can only directly
address 640 KB. Random Access Memory installed over
640 KB is "extended memory". This option is only avail-
able on Intel 80286/80386 based Personal Computers, do
not use this switch for other Personal Computers.

IRn is the minimum number of sectors that are transferred

to cache memory. The possible value is a decimal
number: 2 or 4 or 8. The default is 4 sectors.

Comments Refer to Appendix B "CONFIG.SYS Commands" for more

details of CONFIG.SYS.

The CACHER.SYS becomes resident as a device drive

with the name $$$CACHE, taking up 12 KB of main
memory. In addition the declared cache memory is taken
up in normal or extended memory. (Programmers, please
do not use the name $$$CACH E or access this device
driver.)

You are recommended to set:

BUFFERS=10

in your CONFIG .SYS. A higher value is not needed,

because CACHER provides additional buffering, for read-
ing the Hard Disk.

Ms-DOS SOFtWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 THE DISK CACHE SYSTEM

Examples

For example on a machine without extended memory place the

following declaration in the CONFIG .SYS file:

DEVICE=CACHER.SYS

With this declaration CACHER.SYS should be placed in the root of the

"C :" drive.

This example uses the default settings to set up a disk cache of 50 KB

in normal memory, transferring 4 sectors at a time.

Or for example on a machine with extended memory place the

following declarations in the CONFIG .SYS file :

DEVICE=CACHER.SYS 1000 IE IRa

This example sets up a disk cache of 1000 KB (with room to hold 2000
512 KB sectors) in extended memory, transferring a sectors at a time.

Rebootstrap your computer and a message similar to the following will

be displayed:
Resident part of CACHER 1.00 installed

Error Message

The following situations cause CACHER to fail to install.

• less than 62 KB free memory for the default settings or less than
sufficient memory for the cache size chosen

• using the IE switch with no or insufficient extended memory.

In these cases the following message is output on the screen:

Not enough me mory for specified size
CACHER not installe d
Remarks

CACHER will not work efficiently unless the files being read are
contiguous on disk, that is the file are not fragmented. Use the
command:

CHKDSK *.*

to find out whether the files in the current directory are contiguous or
not. If they are not contiguous, optimize the disk layout, using the
BACKUP and RESTORE commands or some other program which
makes files contiguous on hard disk.

Warning

In a networking environment CACHER may cause lost interrupts, when

it has been declared with the IE switch, that is when the cache is in
extended memory.

If such problems occur, redeclare CACHER without the IE switch, that

is with the cache in normal memory.

II&DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

E. MS·DOS COMMANDS
 ...·DO. CO .... AND.

CHCP

Purpose Displays or changes the current code page globally for all
suitable devices.

Category Internal

Syntax CHCP [nnn]

Where nnn is the code page to start.

Comments The CHCP command selects one of the prepared system

code pages as the current code page. An error message
is displayed if the code page specified has not been
prepared for the system . In this case call CHCP again with
a prepared code page as a parameter.

If you type the CHCP command without a code page,

CHCP displays the active code page and the prepared
code pages for the system.

FASTOPEN

Purpose Decreases the amount of time needed to open frequently

used files and directories.

Category External, Non-network

Syntax [d:][path]FASTOPEN drive:[=nnn] [drive:[=nnn] ... ]

Where Upto and including four separate drive parameters can be

specified. nnn is the number of files per drive specified.
nnn ranges from 10 thru 999. The default is 10 files.

Comments FASTOPEN tracks the location of files and directories on a

disk for fast access. Access to files in a complex directory
structure can be time consuming. If you run applications
that use several files (such as a data base application), the
time to open and close files noticeably degrades your
computer's performance.

Every time a file or directory is opened, FASTOPEN

records its name and location. Then, if a file or directory
recorded by FASTOPEN is reopened, the access time is
greatly reduced .

Notes You can invoke the FASTOPEN command only once. If

you want to change the FASTOPEN settings, restart MS-
DOS. FASTOPEN needs approximately 40 bytes of
memory for each file or directory location it tracks.

GRAFTABL

Purpose Enables an extended character set to be displayed when

using display adapters in graphics mode.

Category External

Syntax [d:][path]GRAFTABL [xxx]

or

[d:][path]GRAFTABL {/STATUSI?}

Where xxx is a code page identification number. Code page table

437 (United States) is the default if you call GRAFTABL

E-2 Ms-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 liS-DOS COIIMANDS

without a parameter.

If you type the GRAFTABL command followed by the

/STATUS switch, it displays the active character set.

If you type the GRAFTABL command followed by a "?", it

displays the active character set followed by a list of
GRAFTABL command line parameters supported, which
includes the permissible code pages (xxx).

Examples If you type:

GRAFTABL
Then press ENTER

GRAFTABL responds:

No version of Graphic Character Set

Table is alr e ady loaded.

USA v ersion of Graphic Character Set

Table has just been loaded .

If you then type:

GRAFTABL 865
Then press ENTER

GRAFTABL responds:

USA v e rsion of Graphic Character Set

Table is already loaded.

Nordic version of Graphic Character

Set Table has j u st been loaded .

Note: If you have set your system to operate with code page switching,
this command should not be used.

E-3
GRAPHICS

Purpose Enables graphics currently displayed on the screen to be

printed, on a compatible printer, along with any text when
the SHI FT PRTSe keys are pressed.

Category External

Syntax [d:][path]GRAPHICS [printer-type] UB]UR]UD{/UI/H}]

Where The printer-type parameter can be:

printer-type DESCRIPTION

graphics Oliv etti PR-15B or PR-17B or

Industry Standard Graphics Printer
or Epson MX /FX 80

colorl Industry Standard Color Printer

wi th b lac k rib b on

color4 Industry Standard Color Printer

wit h RGB ( Re d, Green , Blue an d
Black) ri bb on - 4 colors.

color8 Industry Stan d ard Color Printer

with CMY (Cyan, Mage nt a , Yellow
and black) ri bb on - 8 colors .

jx80 Epson JX - 80 (col or printer) using

the Epson character set .

dm Olivetti PR - 1 2B (DM285) or PR - 14B

( DM29 5 ) Color Printer. The
character set mu st be IBM
International 2 .

E-4 ..&DOS 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 .S-DOS CO.MANDS

Remarks If no printer-type parameter is given then graphics is

assumed.

The GRAPHICS command can only be used with printers that have
graphics capabilities.

Switches Switch options have the following effect:

SWITCHES MEANING

IB Causes the background color to be

printed, otherwise the background
is suppressed .

IR Causes black on the screen to be

printed black and wh ite on the
screen to be printed whit e.
Without the s wi tch the default is
to print b lack as white and white
as black.

ID For a machine with an En ha nced

Grap h ics Color Board (EGC) but no
DEB INT 10 filter installed.

lu 400 scanlines ( Olivetti High

Resolution ) . This switch cannot
be u se d unless p recede d by ID.
IH 2 0 0 scanlines ( Industry Standard
Compatible ). This switch cannot
be u se d unl ess p receded by ID .

Characteristics

This command must be entered to install graphics support necessary to

print the screen in graphics modes. SHI FT PRTSe then invokes the
printing function. Re-enter the GRAPHICS command with new
parameters to reset the existing parameters; graphics support is not
reinstalled, only the parameters are changed.

Text modes are printed in the upright position. Graphics Modes are
rotated counter-clockwise 90 degrees on the printout page, so the
Visual Display Units upper right corner appears on the paper's upper
left corner.

The GRAPHICS command can only be used with printers that have
graphics capabilities.

For details of printing with an Enhanced Graphics Color Board, see the
"EGC Board User Guide".

Warning

Do not turn the printer off while printing as this may cause
unpredictable effects, and force you to reboot the operating system.

KEYB

Purpose Loads a keyboard driver.

Category External.

Syntax [d:][path]KEYB [xx[,[yyy],[pathname]]]

Where xx is a two-letter country code.

yyy is the code page which defines the character set.
pathname is the path to and the filename of the keyboard
definition file. This file is called KEYBOARD.SYS. If this
parameter is not specified KEYB will look for
KEYBOARD.SYS in the root directory of your current
drive.

Comments See Chapter 4 "How To Use Code Pages" for the list of
Keyboard codes and Code pages.

MS-DOS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 MS-DOS CO.MANDS

If you type KEYS without options, MS-DOS displays a

message like the following to show the current keyboard
code and its related code page, and the current code
paged used by your console screen device (CON) :

Current keyboard code: FR code page: 437

Current CON code page: 437

MODE

Purpose Sets operation modes for devices.

Category External

Syntax Parallel printer mode:

[d:)[path)MODE LPTn[:) [chars][,[lines][,P))

Asynchronous communications mode:

[d:)[path)MODE COMm[:)baud[,parity[,databits[,stopbits[,p)]]]

Redirecting parallel printer output:

[d:)[path)MODE LPTn[:)=COMm[:)

Display modes:
[d:)[path)MODE display
or
[d:)[path)MODE [display),shift[, T)

Device code page modes:

[d:)[path)MODE device CODEPAGE PREPARE
=[[yyy)pathname)

and

[d:)[path)MODE device CODEPAGE SELECT=yyy

[d:)[path)MODE device CODEPAGE REFRESH

E-7
 [d:][path]MODE device CODEPAGE [/STATUS]

Comments The MODE command prepares MS-DOS for communica-

tion with devices such as parallel and serial printers,
modems, and console screens. It also prepares parallel
printers and console screen devices for code page switch-
ing. And , you can use the MODE command to redirect
output.

Parallel Printer Modes

For parallel printer modes, you can use PRN and LPT1
interchangeably.

The default settings are LPn , 80 characters per line, and 6 lines per
inch. You can break out of a time-out loop by pressing CTRL BREAK.

You can use the following parameters with the MODE LPT command to
set parameters for a parallel printer:

PARA METER PURPOSE

n Sp ecifies the printer numb er : 1 , 2, or 3.

chars Spe cifie s characters per line: 80 or 1 32 .

lines Specifies vertical spacing , lin es p er

inc h: 6 or 8.

p Sp ecif i es that mode tries conti nuou s ly to

sen d o utpu t to the printer is a ti me-o ut
error occurs.
Thi s option ca us es part of t he mo d e
prog ra m to re mai n residen t in me mor y.

Ma.oos SOFtWARE INSTALLATION GUIJE

 MS· DOS COMMANDS

Asynchronous (Serial) Communication Modes

The default settings are even parity, 7 databits and 1 stopbit.

You can use the following parameters with the MODE COM command
to set parameters for serial ports:

PARAMETER PURPOSE

m Specifies the as yn chro nous communications

(CO M) port number: 1, 2 , 3 , or 4 .

baud Specifies th e first two digits of the

tra nsmiss io n rate : 110,150,300,600 , 1200,
24 00 , 4800, 9600 or 19 , 20 0.

parity Specifies the parity: N (non e ), O(ad d ), or E

( e v e n) . The d efa ult valu e is E .

da tabi ts Sp e c ifies the numb er of d ata bits: 7 or 8. The

d ef ault valu e is 7.

stopbits Sp ec ifie s the numb er of stop bits: 1 or 2. If

baud is 110, the def a ult value is 2;
otherwise, the d ef aul t value is 1.

P Specifie s that mod e is using the COM port for

a s erial printer and continuously retrying if
ti me-out errors oc cur . This o p tion ca u se s pa rt
of the MODE p ro gram to re main resi dent in
me mory .
Display Modes

You can use the following parameters with the MODE command to set
parameters for a display:

PARAMETER PURPOSE

display Specifies one of the follo win g v alues : 40,

80, BW40 , BW80, C040 , C08 0 , or MONO.

40 and 80 indicate the numb er of characters

per line .

BW and CO refer to a color graphics monitor

adapter with color disabled ( BW) or e nabled
( CO). MONO specifies a monochrom e display
adapter with a constant display width of 80
c h aracters p er line .

shift Specifies whether to shift the display to t h e

left or to the right. Valid values are L
( for left) or R ( for right)

T Tells MS - DOS to display a test pattern in

order to align the display on the screen.

E-10 Ms-DOS SOFtWARE INSTALLA110N GUIDE

 Me-Doe COMMANDe

Device Code Page Modes

You can use the MODE command to set or display code pages for
parallel printers or your console screen device. You can use the
following parameters with MODE to set or display code pages:

PARAMETERS PURPOSE

device Specifi e s the device to support code page

s witching. va li d dev- ice names are CON ,
LPT1 , LPT2 , and LPT3.

yyy Specifies a code page. Valid code pages are

437 , 850, 860, 863, and 865.

filename Identifies the name of the Code Pag e

Information ( . CPI) file MS - DOS should use
to prepare a code page for the device
specified.

Note

If you are using the Olivetti TH 760/S printer you must specify 5202.cpi
as the code page information file. Also, before attempting to use code
page switching, the printer must be set to Quietwriter 3 emulation
mode. (see your printer documentation for instructions on how .to do
this)

There are four keywords that you can use with the mode device
codepage command. Each causes the mode command to perform a
different function. The following table explains each keyword:

&-11
KEYWORD FUNCTION

PREPARE Tells MS-DOS to prepare code pages for a given

device. You must prepare a code page for a
device before you can use it with that device .

SELECT Specifies which code page you want to use with a

device. You must prepare a code page before you
can select it.

REFRESH If the prepared code pages for a device are lost

due to hard ware or other error , this keyword
reinstates the prepared code pages.

/STATUS Displays the current code pages prepared and/or

selected for a device. Note that the following
commands both produce the same results:

MODE CON CODEPAGE

MODE CON CODEPAGE /STATUS

Typing /STATUS is optional.

For more information about using the MODE command to set or display
code pages, see Chapter 4 "How to Use Code Pages".

Notes

You can use the following abbreviations with the MODE command for
code page modes:

Type In place of

CP CODEPAGE
/STA /STATUS
PREP PREPARE
SEL SELECT
REF REFRESH

15-12 Ms-DOS SOFIWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 liS-DOS COIlIiANDS

NLSFUNC

Purpose Loads country-specific information.

Category External

Syntax [d:][path]NLSFUNC [pathname]

Where pathname specifies the file containing country-specific

information.

Comments The NLSFUNC command supports the use of extended

country-specific information and code page switching. It
must be loaded prior to using the CHCP command.

The default value of pathname is defined by the COUN-

TRY command in your CONFIG.SYS file. If no country
command exists in your CONFIG.SYS file, MS-DOS looks
for the COUNTRY.SYS file in your root directory for
country-specific information.

RECOVER

Purpose Recovers a file or disk containing bad sectors.

Category External, Non-network.

Syntax [d:][path]RECOVER pathname

or

[d:][path]RECOVER [drive:]

Comments If the CHKDSK command shows that a sector on your disk

is bad, you can use the RECOVER command to recover

E-13
 the entire disk or just the file containing the bad sector.

The RECOVER command causes MS-DOS to read the file

sector by sector and to skip the bad sectors. When MS-
DOS finds a bad sector, it no longer allocates your data to
that sector.

Notes The RECOVER command does not work on a network

from a remote work station. RECOVER doesn't work on
drives used in the SUBST or JOIN commands.

SELECT

Purpose This command lets you install MS-DOS on a new disk

along with country specific information (such as date and
time formats, and collating sequence) for a selected coun-
try.

Category External, Non-network

Syntax [d:] [path]SE LE CT[[source-drive:][target-drive:] [path]]

[country-code] [keyboard-code]

Comments See the Section "The SELECT Command" in Chapter 3

"Keyboards And Fonts" for the table of the country-codes
and keyboard-codes.

The SELECT command does the following :

• Formats the target disk.

• Creates both the CONFIG .SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT

files on the new disk.

• Copies the contents of the source disk, track by track,

to the source disk.

E-14 Ms-DOS SOF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

 ...·DO. CO .... AND.

SHARE

Purpose Installs file sharing and locking.

Category External

Syntax [d:][path]SHARE [/F:space]UL:/ocks]

Option Switches

SWITCH PURPOSE

IF: space Allocates file space (in bytes) for the MS - DOS
storage area used to record file sharing
information. The default value for the IF
switch is 2048. Note that each open file
requires enough space for the length of the
full filename plus 11 bytes, since an average
pathname is 20 bytes in length.

IL:l oc k s Allocates the number of locks you want to

allow. The default value for the IL switch is
20.

SYS

Purpose Transfers the MS-DOS system files from the disk in the
default drive to the disk in the specified drive.

Category External, Non-network

E-11
Syntax [d:][path]SYS drive:

Comments Bootstrap off the system disk which contains the

SYS.COM file. With this disk as the default drive, enter the
SYS command with the target drive as the parameter.

E-11 Il&OO8 8OF1WARE INSTALLATION GUIDE

INDEX
 INDEX

A GRAPHICS, E-4
KEYB xx, 3-2
ANSI escape sequences, C-2 PATH , 7-4
ANSI,SYS, B-3 PROMPT,7-4
ANSI,SYS device REPLACE , 5-3, 6-3
(CONFIG .SYS), C-2 RESTORE,6-7
AUTOEXEC.BAT, 2-18, 7-3 SELECT, 3-4, 5-5, 6-32
AUTOEXEC.BAT file, 2-20 SYS, 5-2, 6-3
CONFIG.SYS, 2-18, 7-1
definition, B-1
B config.sys commands
BREAK, B-1
BACKUP command , 6-6 buffers, 7-2, B-2
boot, 2-9 COUNTRY, B-3
booting up, 2-9 DEVICE, B-3
bootstrapping, 2-9 drivparm, 7-2, B-4
BREAK command FCBS, B-6
(CONFIG.SYS) , B-1 files , 7-2, B-7
BUFFERS command LASTDRIVE, B-7
(CONFIG.SYS), 7-2, B-2 SHELL, B-8
STACKS, B-9
CONFIG.SYS devices
c CACHER.SYS, D-1
DRIVER.SYS, C-4
CACHER.SYS device VDISK.SYS, C-7
(CONFIG.SYS) , D-1 configuring MS-DOS, 2-21
CLS command, 7-4 COpy command, 5-5
command COUNTRY command
COUNTRY (in (CONFIG.SYS) , B-3
CONFIG.SYS), 2-21 COUNTRY command (in
commands CONFIG .SYS) , 2-21
BACKUP, 6-6 cursor movement (ANSI,SYS) ,
CLS, 7-4 C-2
COPY, 5-5
ECHO, 7-4
FORMAT, 5-4, 6-29
GRAFTABL, 3-3, 7-4

1-1
D F

dead symbols, 3-8 FC8S command (CONFIG.sYS),

default drive, 2-11 8-6
DEVICE command FILES command
(CONFIG.sYS), 8-3 (CONFIG.sYS), 7-2, 8-7
device driver fonts, 3-1
definition, C-3 FORMAT command, 5-4, 6-29
disk cache formatting
definition, D-1 diskettes, 2-15
installation, D-1
DISKCOPY command, 2-12
diskette G
write protecting, 2-7
diskettes GRAFTA8L command, 3-3, 7-4
formatting, 2-15 GRAPHICS command, E-4
master, 2-12
working, 2-12
drive H
default, 2-11
dual,2-1 hidden system files
external , 2-1,2-7 installing, 6-3
single, 2-1, 2-12
DRIVER.SYS, 8-3, C-3
installation, C-4 I
DRIVER.SYS device
(CONFIG.SYS), C-4 installing hidden system files, 6-3
drives invisible characters, 3-9
3 1/2 inch diskette, 2-4
High-Capacity, 2-3
Normal-Capacity, 2-3 K
DRIVPARM command
(CONFIG.sYS), 7-2,8-4 key reassignment (ANSI.SYS),
C-2
KEY8 xx command, 3-2
E keyboard 2, 3-9
keyboards, 3-1
ECHO command, 7-4 dead symbols, 3-8
external drive systems, 2-1 invisible characters, 3-9
multi-character keys, 3-5
Portugal, 3-8

1-2
 INDEX

L (CONFIG.SYS) , 8-8
single drive systems, 2-1, 2-12
LASTDRIVE command STACKS command
(CONFIG.SYS), 8-7 (CONFIG.SYS), 8-9
SYS command, 5-2
SYS commands, 6-3
M

M icrobox, 2-7 T
multi-character keys, 3-5
twin drive systems, 2-1

N
V
national keyboard drivers, 2-19
national screen fonts, 2-19 VDISK.SYS, 8-3
National variations VDISK.SYS device
fonts, 3-1 (CONFIG.SYS) , C-7
keyboards, 3-1 virtual disk
definition, C-6
installation, C-7
p volume label , 2-16, 6-31

PATH command , 7-4

pop-up programs, 7-5 w
Portugal keyboard, 3-8
PROMPT command, 7-4 write protecting diskettes, 2-7

REPLACE command, 5-3, 6-3

reset, 2-9
resident programs, 7-5
RESTORE command, 6-7

s
screen handling (ANSI.SYS), C-2
SELECT command, 5-5, 6-32
parameters, 3-4
SHELL command

1-3
Code 01500301 a
Printed in Italy