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Lecture 21: Z Parameter: Lecturer: Dr. Vinita Vasudevan Scribe: Shashank Shekhar

1) The document discusses Z parameters, which describe a network using impedances seen from ports. Z parameters allow representing a network as an equivalent T network. 2) An example shows calculating the Z parameters of a simple network and converting it to a T network. 3) Another example finds the Thevenin equivalent of a network looking into port 2, using the known Z parameters.

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Aniruddha Roy
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48 views

Lecture 21: Z Parameter: Lecturer: Dr. Vinita Vasudevan Scribe: Shashank Shekhar

1) The document discusses Z parameters, which describe a network using impedances seen from ports. Z parameters allow representing a network as an equivalent T network. 2) An example shows calculating the Z parameters of a simple network and converting it to a T network. 3) Another example finds the Thevenin equivalent of a network looking into port 2, using the known Z parameters.

Uploaded by

Aniruddha Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Circuits and Networks 24-09-2018

Lecture 21: Z Parameter


Lecturer: Dr. Vinita Vasudevan Scribe: Shashank Shekhar

Z Parameters:
" #" #" #
V1 Z11 Z12 I1
V2 Z21 Z22 I2

I1 Z11 Z22 I2
+ +

+ +
N1 V1 Z12 I2 Z21 I1 V2
− −

- -

Z1 Z3 (Z21 − Z12 ) I1

+
−
+ +

N2 V10 I1 Z2 I2 V20

- -

If we know the Y parameter of a network then we represent the network as a π or ∆ net-


work.Similarly using Z parameter we can represent the network as a T network. Find Z1 , Z2
and Z3 so that the two networks have the same characteristics at the two ports i.e if we con-
nect current sources I1 and I2 at the ports, the corresponding voltages should be identical.
Port 1
N1 : V1 = Z11 I1 + Z12 I2
N2 : V10 = Z1 I1 + Z2 (I1 + I2 )
= (Z1 + Z2 ) I1 + Z2 I2
0
V1 = V1 =⇒
Z2 = Z12
Z1 = Z11 − Z12

Port 2
N1 : V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2
N2 : V20 = Z3 I2 + Z2 (I1 + I2 ) + (Z21 − Z12 ) I1
= Z12 I1 + (Z3 + Z12 ) I2 + (Z21 − Z12 ) I1
So
Z3 = Z22 − Z12

1
Z11 − Z12 Z22 − Z12 (Z21 − Z12 ) I1

+
−
Z12

The above circuit is the equivalent T network for network N1 .

Example 1 : Find Z parameter of the below network

ZB

+
I1 ZA ZC V2
-

As we know that

V1 = Z11 I1 + Z12 I2
V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2

After solving we will get

ZA (ZB + ZC ) ZA ZC
Z11 = Z21 =
ZA + ZB + ZC ZA + ZB + ZC

ZA ZC ZC (ZA + ZB )
Z12 = Z22 =
ZA + ZB + ZC ZA + ZB + ZC

This can be converted to an equivalent T network. We get

ZA ZB
Z1 =
ZA + ZB + ZC
ZA ZC
Z2 =
ZA + ZB + ZC
ZC ZB
Z3 =
ZA + ZB + ZC

Note that the network is reciprocal and Z12 = Z21 .


Exercise 1 : Find the equivalent Rin using ∆ − T conversion.

2
Example 2 : Find Thevenin’s equivalent looking at port 2. The Z parameters of No are
known.
Zs

+ +
Vs + V1 No V2
−
- -

To find Voc : Solve V2 when I2 = 0


V1 = Vs − I1 Zs = Z11 I1
V2 = Z21 I1
hence
Z V
Voc = V2 = 21 s
Z11 + Zs
V2
To find Zth : Connect a current source Itest at port 2 and evaluate
Itest
Zs

+ +
V1 N V2 Itest
- -

0 = (Z11 + Zs ) I1 + Z12 (Itest )

V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 Itest

V2 Z Z
Zth = = Z22 − 21 12
Itest Z11 + Zs

3
 2 1 
 
 s + 1 s + 1 

Exercise 2 : Given Z =   and circuit as given below,

 1 6 

s+1 s+1
Rs = 1Ω

+ +
Vin + V1 V2 RL
− N
- -

Find zero input and zero state response, output = V2 and Vin = u (t)
∵ Network is relaxed (i.e. N can not have initial condition/sources) So, zero input response
(i.e. Vin = 0) will be = 0
For Zero State response: Solve following equations

V1 = Vin − I1 Rs = Z11 I1 + Z12 I2


V2 = −I2 RL = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2

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