Electric Circuits and Networks 26-09-2018

Lecture 23: Tellegen’s Theorem, Hybrid and Transmission

Parameter
Lecturer: Dr. Vinita Vasudevan Scribe: Shashank Shekhar

I1 I1

+
V1 + I1 V2
− N N
(R, L, C) (R, L, C) -

I1 I2 I1

+
+ V̂2 V1 Iˆ2
N̂ = N − N
(R, L, C) - (R, L, C)

b 
X 
v̂k ik − vk îk = 0
k=1

The above statement is known as “Tellegen’s Theorem” and valid in both domains t and s.
If we have a network consist of only R, L, C (i.e. bilateral element) then the contribution
of all internal branches is zero. If the network has L and C also, it is more useful to apply it
in the s domain.
Let k = 1 represents the branch at port 1 and k = b represents the branch at port 2. All
other branches represents the internal branches. So we have
b−1 
X     
v̂k ik − vk îk + v̂1 i1 − v1 î1 + v̂b ib − vb îb = 0
k=2
We Have
b−1 
X 
v̂k ik − vk îk = 0
k=2

From now onwards we will represent subscript 1 for port one and subscript 2 for port
two and we will apply Tellegens theorem in the s domain.

V̂2 (s) I2 (s) = V1 (s) Iˆ1 (s)

Iˆ1 (s) I (s)

= Y12 (s) = 2 = Y21 (s)
V̂2 (s) V1 (s)

1
This is the condition for reciprocal networks.
As we mentioned the above form of “Tellegen’s Theorem” is applicable only when network
contains only bilateral elements So recall- bilateral elements are the ones in which current
flows in both directions with same magnitude even if the polarities of voltage across it is
reversed.

The resistor is a bilateral element

i (t)
− +
v (t)
V

i (t)
+ −
v (t)
I

Another situation in which the reciprocity of network is very useful, is given below

V1 + I2 I1 + V2
− −

Using Tellegen’s theorem we have

I2 I
= 1
V1 V2
There are four other sets of parameters that can be used to describe a network - Hybrid
parameters and transmission parameters.
Hybrid Parameters - h and g
V1 = h11 I1 + h12 V2
I2 = h21 I1 + h22 V2
 
V1  I2 
h11 = h21 = V2 =0
I1 V2 =0

I1

 
V1  I2 
h12 = h22 =
V2 I1 =0 V2 I1 =0
 

2
 I1 I2 I1

+ + +
I1 V1 N I1 V1 N V2
- - -

To calculate h11 , h21 To calculate h12 , h22

I1 I2

+ 1
V1 − N h11 =
Y11

g Parameter
I1 = g11 V1 + g12 I2
V2 = g21 V1 + g22 I2
 
I1  V2 
g11 = g21 =
V1 I2 =0 V1 I2 =0
 

 
I1  V2 
g12 = V1 =0 g22 =
I2 V1 =0

I2
Therefore H = G−1 .

If we know the h parameters of a two-port network then the network can be represented
as follows
I1 h11
+ +

+
V1 h12 V2 h21 I1 h22 V2
−

- -

Exercise 1 : Find h and g parameter.

I1
+ +

V1 R1 gm V1 R2 V2

- -

3
 Exercise 2 : Verify G = H −1

Example 1 : Apply Tellegen’s theorem and find out what will be relation between h12
and h21 of a reciprocal network.

I1 I2 I1 I2

+ +
V1 + V2 I1 V1
N − N
- (R, L, C) -

   
V̂1 I1 − V1 Iˆ1 + V̂2 I2 − v2 Iˆ2 = 0
As
V̂2 = 0, I1 = 0
V1 Iˆ1 + V2 Iˆ2 = 0
Hence, we have
Iˆ2 V
=− 1
Iˆ1 V2
h21 = −h12

Transmission Parameter

V1  A B   V2 
    
  = 
     
  
I1 C D −I2
    

I1 I2

+ +
V1 N V2
- (R, L, C) -

 
V1  I1 
A= C=
V2 I2 =0 V2 I2 =0
 

 
V1  I1 
B= D=
−I2 V2 =0 −I2 V2 =0
 

In order to calculate A, we need I2 = 0 so we cannot do the following

4
 I1 I2

+
V1 + V2
N −
- (R, L, C)

But we can use the following

I1

V1 +
− N
(R, L, C)

1
A=
(V2 /V1 ) |I2 =0

Exercise 3 : Find Transmission Parameters for the following networks