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Abruptio Placenta Pathophysiology

This document summarizes the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication characterized by new onset hypertension and proteinuria. It begins with predisposing and precipitating factors like age, family history, and prior preeclampsia. Decreased placental perfusion leads to endothelial cell damage, vasoconstriction, and hypertension. This causes platelet clustering, reduced kidney and placental blood flow, and organ damage. If left untreated, it can progress to eclampsia, characterized by seizures. Timely treatment with bed rest, monitoring, IV fluids, and medications can help prevent complications, while lack of treatment increases risks of maternal and fetal death.

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jamie carpio
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3K views4 pages

Abruptio Placenta Pathophysiology

This document summarizes the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication characterized by new onset hypertension and proteinuria. It begins with predisposing and precipitating factors like age, family history, and prior preeclampsia. Decreased placental perfusion leads to endothelial cell damage, vasoconstriction, and hypertension. This causes platelet clustering, reduced kidney and placental blood flow, and organ damage. If left untreated, it can progress to eclampsia, characterized by seizures. Timely treatment with bed rest, monitoring, IV fluids, and medications can help prevent complications, while lack of treatment increases risks of maternal and fetal death.

Uploaded by

jamie carpio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

unknown etiology
Predisposing factors Precipitating factors
Age preeclampsia in previous
Sex decreased placental pregnancy
Family History perfusion multigravidity
Placental production of endothelin Diet (high in cholesterol,
saturated fat, and
vasospam sodium intake)

Endothelial cell damage

vasoconstriction

hypertension

Platelet cluster at the site of


endothelial damage

rise in peripheral
resistance

reduced blood
supply
decreased perfusion in kidneys decreased perfusion in placenta

Thromboplastin Release of bleeding in the decidua basalis


renin
hematoma formation

Glomerular angiotensin I further separation of the placenta


capillary from the uterine wall
endothelial
damaged
angiotensin II pituitary gland abruptio placenta
release of ADH
Protein leak
across the partial separation total separation
capillary sodium water retention
membrane and retention
into urine Marginal Central –
– vaginal conceale massive vaginal
bleeding d bleeding or
edema oliguria conceaaled
bleeding
proteinuria hemmorhage

preeclampsia
if treated: if not treated: if treated: if not treated:

Nsg. management Nsg. management


- bed rest Fetal risks include acute and poor prognosis
- monitor VS
chronic uteroplacental
- monitor vital sign
insufficiency
diet modification
maternal and
Brain ischemia causes the later Medical
Medical
emergence of convulsions
management fetal death
management
- IV fluid and
- medication electolyte
administration replacement
Eclampsia
-meds
good
prognosis Occurrence of good prognosis
seizures and can
cause coma

poor prognosis

DEATH

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