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filename:pulsewaveform.mcd
avo Last edit date: 1/21/14

************************************ Definitions *************************************************

sinc ( x) ≡ if ⎛⎜ x = 0 , 1 ,
δ ( f , R) ≡ if ( f = R , 1 , 0) sin ( π⋅ x) ⎞
⎟
⎝ π⋅ x ⎠

Λ ( t , T) ≡ if ⎛⎜ t ≤ , 1 −
T 2t ⎞
, 0⎟ rect ( t , T) ≡ if ⎡⎢⎛⎜ t ≤
T⎞ ⎤
⎟ , 1 , 0⎥
⎝ 2 T ⎠ ⎣⎝ 2⎠ ⎦

*************************************** set up waveform ******************************

−6 −4
T := 400 × 10 period
⋅s D := 0.5 duty cycle τ := D⋅ T τ = 2 × 10 s pulse width

A := 2⋅ V 1 31 1 3
= 2.5 × 10 pps = 5 × 10 ⋅ Hz First null
T s τ

****************************** Set up Sweep Parameters ******************

6
fmin := 0Hz fmax :=
N := 1000 T⋅ D
i := 0 .. N

fmax − fmin
Δf := f i := −fmax + i⋅ 2⋅ Δf
N wi := 2⋅ π⋅ f i

********************************************Pulse shape Pt Definition *********************************

Assume a rectangular pulse shape with an amplitude of 1

Xτ ( f ) := A⋅ τ⋅ sinc ( f ⋅ τ) Single Pulse Fourier Transform, "double sided"

n := −25 , −24 .. 25

A⋅ τ
⋅ sinc ⎛⎜
n⋅ τ ⎞
c ( n) := ⎟ Fourier Series for repeatative pulse "double sided
T ⎝ T ⎠ spectrum"

c ( 0) = 1 V DC value
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1 3
Null bandwidth: = 5 × 10 ⋅ Hz
Pulse width: τ = 0.2⋅ ms τ

Fourier Transform of single pulse

0.4

0.31885
DOUBLE SIDED, mV

0.2377

Xτ ( f i) ⋅ 10
3
0.15655

0.07541

−3
− 5.74266×10

− 0.08689
4 4 4 4
− 4×10 − 2×10 0 2×10 4×10
fi
Fourier Frequency

********************************* Spectrum Plot of Repetative pulse ******************************

Fourier series repetative pulse

3
1×10

500
Cn in mV

3
c ( n) ⋅ 10

− 500
5 4 4 5
− 1×10 − 5×10 0 5×10 1×10
n
T
Fourier Frequency
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2 c ( 1)
Amplitude of fundamental as seen by scope FFT: = 0.9 V
2 n := 0 .. 25

Spectrum Analyzer display for above

3
1×10

800
3
2 c ( n) ⋅ 10
⋅ ( 1−δ ( n , 0) ) 600
mV rms

2
3 400
δ ( n , 0) ⋅ c ( n) ⋅ 10

200

0
4 4 4
0 2×10 4×10 6×10
n
T
Fourier Frequency

********************** Spectrum analyser Voltage levels rms ********************************

⎡ (P1 , k)2 3⎤
P2 , k := 20⋅ log ⎛⎜
k := 1 .. 10 2 c ( k) 2 c ( k) ⎞
P0 , k := k P1 , k := ⎟ P3 , k := 10⋅ log ⎢ ⋅ 10 ⎥
2V ⎝ 2V ⎠ ⎣ 50 ⎦
⎡ (P1 , 0) 2 ⎤
P2 , 0 := 20⋅ log ⎛⎜
c ( 0) c ( 0) ⎞
P3 , 0 := 10⋅ log ⎢ ⋅ 10 ⎥
3
P1 , 0 := ⎟
V ⎝ V ⎠ ⎣ 50 ⎦

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Harmonic
P= 1 1 0.9 .513·10-17 0.3 .513·10-17 0.18 .513·10-17 0.129 .513·10-17 0.1 .647·10-16
Vrms
2 0 -0.912 -325.173 -10.455 -325.173 -14.891 -325.173 -17.814 -325.173 -19.997 -311.544 dBV
3 13.01 12.098 -312.162 2.556 -312.162 -1.881 -312.162 -4.804 -312.162 -6.987 -298.534 dBm

L := 2 L
Power to Lth harmonic:
∑ (P1 , k)2 = 1.811 Watts
k=0
L

∑ (P1 , k)2
Percent of power to Lth Harmonic: k=0
= 90.528⋅ %
2
⎛ A ⎞ ⋅D
⎜ ⎟
⎝V⎠
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************************************** Percent of power in first Lobe ****************************

1
⌠ 2
Percent of total power in the null bandwidth: 2 ⎮ sinc ( x) dx = 90.282⋅ %
⌡0

⎛⌠ x ⎞
Percent of total power vs bandwidth: P ( x) := 2⎜ ⎮ sinc ( x) dx⎟ ⋅ 100
2
⎜ ⌡0 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ k := 0 , .25 .. 4

Percent of Power vs Bandwidth

1

90 90

80

P ( k)

70

60

50
0 1 2 3 4
k
Note: k=1 is the null bandwidth of the spectrum.