1.

Try to say “YES” with different intonation and meaning:

2. Now say “HELLO” to:

- a friend you meet regularly;
- a friend you haven’t seen
for a long time;
- a neighbour you don’t like;
- a 6 month old baby;
- someone doing what he
shouldn’t;
- to know if someone is
listening;
- the same but on the phone.

3. Put the stress on different words in the sentence. Does it change anything?

I did not say you stole my red hat. I did not say you stole my red hat.
I did not say you stole my red hat. I did not say you stole my red hat.
I did not say you stole my red hat. I did not say you stole my red hat.
I did not say you stole my red hat. I did not say you stole my red hat.

4. Watch an episode about voice tonality. Is intonation (tonality/sentence stress/rhythm)

important? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________________

1. Try to say “YES” with different intonation and meaning:

2. Now say “HELLO” to:

- a friend you meet regularly;
- a friend you haven’t seen for
a long time;
- a neighbour you don’t like;
- a 6 month old baby;
- someone doing what he
shouldn’t;
- to know if someone is
listening;
- the same but on the phone.

3. Put the stress on different words in the sentence. Does it change anything?

I did not say you stole my red hat. I did not say you stole my red hat.
I did not say you stole my red hat. I did not say you stole my red hat.
I did not say you stole my red hat. I did not say you stole my red hat.
I did not say you stole my red hat. I did not say you stole my red hat.

4. Watch an episode about voice tonality. Is intonation (tonality/sentence stress/rhythm)

important? Why? 
Around the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran.

Betty and Bob brought back blue balloons from the big bazaar.

Betty Botter bought some butter,

"But," she said, "this butter's bitter.
If I bake this bitter butter,
It will make my batter bitter.
But a bit of better butter -
That would make my batter better."
So she bought a bit of butter,
Better than her bitter butter,
And she baked it in her batter,
And the batter was not bitter.
So 'twas better Betty Botter
Bought a bit of better butter.

A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.

Black bug's blood.

The blue bluebird blinks.

The bootblack bought the black boot back.

A box of biscuits, a batch of mixed biscuits.

Brad's big black bath brush broke.

Cedar shingles should be shaved and saved.

A cheap ship trip.

Chop shops stock chops.

Cows graze in groves on grass which grows in grooves in groves.

Crisp crusts crackle crunchily.

The crow flew over the river with a lump of raw liver.

Fat frogs flying past fast.

Flee from fog to fight flu fast!

Fred fed Ted bread, and Ted fed Fred bread.

Freshly fried flying fish, freshly fried flesh.

Friendly Frank flips fine flapjacks.

Irish wristwatch.

I slit the sheet, the sheet I slit, and on the slitted sheet I sit.

I thought a thought
But the thought I thought
Was not the thought
I thought I thought.

Mr. See owned a saw, And Mr. Soar owned a seesaw.

Now See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw before Soar saw See,
Which made Soar sore.
Had Soar seen See's saw before See sawed Soar's seesaw,
See's saw would not have sawed Soar's seesaw.

My dame hath a lame tame crane,

My dame hath a crane that is lame.

Nine nice night nurses nursing nicely.

A proper cup of coffee from a proper copper coffee pot.

She was a thistle sifter and sifted thistles through a thistle sieve.

Shy Shelly says she shall sew sheets.

These sheep shouldn't sleep in a shack;

Sheep should sleep in a shed.

The sinking steamer sank.

Six sharp smart sharks.

Six shimmering sharks sharply striking shins.

Six short slow shepherds.

Six slippery snails slid slowly seaward.

Six sticky sucker sticks..

Six twin-screwed steel steam cruisers.

Sly Sam slurps Sally's soup.

Thieves seize skis.

Three free throws.

Three gray geese in the green grass grazing.

Gray were the geese and green was the grass.

Three twigs twined tightly.

Tim, the thin twin tinsmith.

Toy boat. Toy boat. Toy boat.

Which witch wished which wicked wish?

Which wristwatches are Swiss wristwatches?

While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington's windows with
warm washing water.

Whistle for the thistle sifter.

White eraser? Right away, sir!

Find your way out choosing only the words with /æ/ sound.
 boys  employed  sleep  report  used  stay 
girls  lie  toys  joined  noise  void 
house  spoke  dance  stay  two  oyster 
storm  speed  letter  know  employ  police 
poker  toilet  coin  oil  jail  sorry 
noisy  annoy  follow  sold  money  doing 
boil  stole  fill  more  going  spoil 
thief  enjoyed  now  good  play  hello 
store  point  poison  buy  apply  destroy 
baby  honk  age  royal  avoid  choice 

Find a path from boys to choice by connecting words with the /ɔy / sound. You can 
move up, down, left, right, or diagonal. 
 
 Listen and correct the lyrics of this very famous song

(sang by the “Queen”*, in 1986)

Each line has got one incorrect word. Find it and then replace it

Another red letter pay,

So the pound has dropped and the millions are creating,
The other half went away,
Taking all the cash and living you with the lumber,
Shot a pain in the chest,
Doctors on bike
what you need is a vest
It's not busy love,
but you've got friends you can toast,

Friends winning friends,

When you're in need of love they give you care and protection,
Friends winning friends,
When you're true with life and all hope is lost,
Cut out your hand ‘cause
friends winning friends
write till the end

Now it's a wonderful day,

The postman delivered a letter from your mother,
Only a night call away,
You tried to track him down but your mummy stole his number,
As a matter of act,
You're getting used to bites without him in your way
It's so greasy now,
‘cause you got friends you can toast,

*a British rock band formed in London in 1971

Teacher: Cristina Moniz‐Pereira 

 
Another red letter pay (DAY),
So the pound has dropped and the millions (CHILDREN) are creating,
The other half went (RAN) away,
Taking all the cash and living (LEAVING) you with the lumber,
Shot (GOT) a pain in the chest,
Doctors on bike (STRIKE)
what you need is a vest(REST)
It's not busy(EASY) love,
but you've got friends you can toast(TRUST),

Friends winning(WILL BE) friends,

When you're in need of love
they give you care and protection(ATTENTION),
Friends winning(WILL BE) friends,
When you're true(THROUGH) with life and all hope is lost,
Cut(HOLD) out your hand ‘cause
friends winning(WILL BE) friends
write(RIGHT) till the end

Now it's a wonderful(BEAUTIFUL) day,

The postman delivered a letter from your mother(LOVER),
Only a night(PHONE) call away,
You tried to track him down
but your mummy(SOMEBODY) stole his number,
As a matter of act(FACT),
You're getting used to bites(LIFE) without him in your way
It's so greasy(EASY) now,
‘cause you got friends you can toast(TRUST),

Teacher: Cristina Moniz‐Pereira 

 
 KEY

Another red letter day,

So the pound has dropped and the children are creating,
The other half ran away,
Taking all the cash and leaving you with the lumber,
Got a pain in the chest,
Doctors on strike what you need is a rest

It's not easy love, but you've got friends you can trust,
Friends will be friends,
When you're in need of love they give you care and attention,
Friends will be friends,
When you're through with life and all hope is lost,
Hold out your hand cos friends will be friends right till the end

Now it's a beautiful day,

The postman delivered a letter from your lover,
Only a phone call away,
You tried to track him down but somebody stole his number,
As a matter of fact,
You're getting used to life without him in your way

It's so easy now, cos you got friends you can trust,
Friends will be friends,
When you're in need of love they give you care and attention,
Friends will be friends,
When you're through with life and all hope is lost,
Hold out your hand cos friends will be friends (right till the end)  

Teacher: Cristina Moniz‐Pereira 

 
 DANCING QUEEN BY ABBA

1. Listen to the song once and tick the words you hear and find the meaning.

Girl, Boy, Life, Time, Night , Fight, Place, Friday, Day,

Music, Young, Seventeen, Old, Low, Sweet, High, Can,

Jump, Watch, See, Feel

2. Listen to the first part of the song again and choose the right word for each blank.

You can dance / chance, you can jive, having the time of your life oooh
See that girl, watch that scene/ film, dig in the dancing queen

Friday night and the lights are go /low ……………………………………………………..

Looking out for the place to go /low ………………………………………………………
Where they play the right music, getting in the swing / king …………………………………………
You come in to look for a swing / king ………………………………………………………..
Anybody could be that guy/buy ………………………………………………………..
Night is young and the music is high/guy ……………………………………………………….
With a bit of rock music, everything is fine/right……………………………………………………..
You’re in the mood for a dance/chance ………………………………………………………..
And when you get the dance/chance... ………………………………………………………..

Find the meaning of the following words: mood, beat, tambourine and teaser.

3. Listen to the next part of the song and fill the blanks with the words you hear
Can feel
You are the dancing queen, __________ and __________, only __________ seventeen
Dancing queen, __________ the beat from the tambourine oh yeah sweet young
You __________ dance, you __________ jive, having the time of your life oooh
See that girl, watch that scene, dig in the dancing queen

5. Listen to the song again and put the words together with the sounds below:

Jive, Lights, Seventeen, Dance, Fine, Queen, Life, Feel, Chance, High, Guy, Beat, See, Go,
Right, Sweet, Night, Time, Tambourine, Low.
Dancing queen
By ABBA

You can dance, you can jive, having the time of your life
See that girl, watch that scene, diggin'* the dancing queen

Friday night and the lights are low

Looking out for the place to go
Where they play the right music, getting in the swing
You come in to look for a king
Anybody could be that guy
Night is young and the music's high
With a bit of rock music, everything is fine
You're in the mood for a dance
And when you get the chance...

You are the dancing queen, young and sweet, only seventeen
Dancing queen, feel the beat from the tambourine oh yeah
You can dance, you can jive, having the time of your life
See that girl, watch that scene, diggin' the dancing queen

You're a teaser, you turn them on

Leave them burning and then you're gone
Looking out for another, anyone will do
You’re in the mood for a dance
And when you get the chance...

You are the dancing queen, young and sweet, only seventeen
Dancing queen, feel the beat from the tambourine oh yeah
You can dance, you can jive, having the time of your life
See that girl, watch that scene, diggin' the dancing queen

* "Digging something" means really liking it (according to a colleague from Texas called Diane
LaGrone)
 TECHNICUM SI-TAREK OF RELIZANE
Second/Third Year Students
Technological Streams 2002/2003
Pronunciation of final “ed”
 How to Pronounce «-ed» in English
 The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in «-ed». For
example:
base verb past simple past participle

work worked worked

 In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in «-ed». For
example: I like painted furniture.
 The question is: How do we pronounce the «-ed»?
 The answer is: In 3 ways - /Id/ or /t/ or /d/
If the base verb ends example example pronounce extra
in one of these sounds: base verb*: with «-ed»: the «-ed»: syllable?
unvoiced /t/ want wanted /ˈwɑːn.ţɪd/
/ɪd/ yes
voiced /d/ end Ended /en.dɪd/
/p/ hope hoped /`hoʊpt/
/f/ laugh Laughed [læft/lɑːft]
/s/ fax Faxed /fakst/
unvoiced /t/
// wash Washed /,wɑʃt/
/t/ watch Watched /wɑtʃt/ no
/k/ like Liked /laɪkt/
play played /pleɪd/
all other sounds,
voiced
for example...
allow Allowed /ə'laʊd/ /d/
beg Begged /begd/
 note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends
in the letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.

 Exceptions
 The following adjectives ending in «-ed» are always pronounced with /ɪd/:
aged / blessed / crooked / dogged / learned / naked / ragged / wicked / wretched
Pronunciation of final “-s” or “-es”
 How do we Pronounce the final “-s” or “-es” in English?
 The simple present of all main verbs ends in “-s” or “-es”. For example:
 base verb Simple present
Work Works
Play Plays
 In addition, all countable nouns end in “-s” or “-es” in the plural. For example:
Singular noun Plural noun
Taxi Taxis
Baby Babies
 The question is: How do we pronounce the “-s” or “-es”?
 The answer is: In 3 ways - or or ɪ
If the verb / noun ends example example pronounce extra
in one of these sounds: verb/noun: with “-s” or “-es”: the “-s” or “-es”: syllable?
 Laugh laughs ・ɑː
 Talk Talks ɔː

Unvoiced
/s/

NO
 Stop Stops ɑɒ
 State states ɪ
  Month Months mʌnθ
unvoiced

 Tax Taxes /tæksɪz/

 Mase Mases ɪɪ

Unvoiced
ʒ Judge Judges ʒʌʒɪ

YES
Wash Washes ɑʃɪ /ɪz/
ʃ
ʃ Watch Watches ɑʃɪ
 Kiss Kisses ɪɪ
Rub Rubs ʌ
Allow Allows ə ʊ
Beg Begs 
All other consonant Sing Sings ɪŋ
Sounds:
Voiced
voiced

Fume Fumes ː


NO
/z/

ŋ・ Love Loves ʌ

+ all vowel sounds Clothe Clothes әʊð
Loathe Loathes /lәʊðz/
Farm Farmsɑː
Warn Warns ɔɔː
I came to win, to fight, to conquer, to thrive win ……………………….
I came to win, to survive, to prosper, to rise. To fly, to fly
fight ……………………….
I wish today I will rain all day
Maybe that will kinda make the pain go away conquer ……………………….
Trying to forgive you for abandoning me
Praying but I think I’m still an angel away thrive ……………………….

Angel away, yeah strange in a way survive ……………………….

Maybe that is why I chase strangers away
They got their guns out aiming at me prosper ……………………….
But I become near when they aiming at me
rise ……………………….
Me, me, me against them
Me against enemies, me against friends fly ……………………….
Somehow they both seem to become one
A sea full of sharks and they all smell blood wish ……………………….

They start coming and I start rising rain ……………………….

Must be surprising, I’m just surmising
go ……………………….
I win, thrive, soar, higher, higher, higher. More fire
away ……………………….
I came to win, to fight, to conquer, to thrive
I came to win, to survive, to prosper, to rise. To fly, to fly forgive ……………………….

Everybody wanna try to box me in think ……………………….

Suffocating every time it locks me in
Paint they own pictures, then they crop me in chase ……………………….
But I will remain where the top begins
got ……………………….
Cos I am not a word, I am not a line
I am not a girl that can ever be defined become ……………………….
I am not fly, I am levitation
I represent an entire generation smell ……………………….

I hear the criticism loud and clear start ……………………….

That is how I know that the time is near
See we become alive in a time of fear be ……………………….
And I ain’t got no xxx time to spare
represent ……………………….
Cry my eyes out for days upon days
Such a heavy burden placed on me hear ……………………….
But when you work hard your nays become yeas
Yankee Stadium with Jays and Kaynes know ……………………….

I came to win, to fight, to conquer, to thrive ain’t got no ……………………….

I came to win, to survive, to prosper, to rise. To fly, to fly

Get ready for it, get ready for it, get ready for it. I came to win
Get ready for it, get ready for it, get ready for it. I came to win
Nicky Minaj
(featuring Rihanna)
I came to win, to fight, to conquer, to thrive
I came to win, to survive, to prosper, to rise. To fly, to fly

FLY
 Fox in Socks 
Tongue Twisters 

1. Match the tongue twister with its picture.  
 
1. I scream, you scream, we all scream for
ice cream!

2. Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear. Fuzzy Wuzzy

had no hair. Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn't very
fuzzy, was he?

3. Popcorn popped with a loud pop.

4. She sells sea shells by the sea shore.

5. A tricky frisky snake with sixty super scaly

stripes."

6. Zero zebras zig zagged into the zoo.

7. Red lorry, yellow lorry.

8. A big black bug bit a big black dog on his

big black nose.

 
 Some other Silly Tongue Twisters

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

  A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
 
Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
 
How many cookies could a good cook cook If a good cook
 
could cook cookies? A good cook could cook as much
  cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies.
  Black background, brown background.
 
My mommy makes me muffins on Monday. 

Our Silly Tongue Twister

Our letter: ______________

Write 6 words we know that start with that letter:

1. _______________________ 2. ______________________

3. _______________________ 4. ______________________

5. _______________________ 6. ______________________

Our Tongue Twister:

Use 4 words from the list to make your tongue twister.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________
 Our Silly Tongue Twister

By

_______________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Our Silly Tongue Twister

By

_______________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
 The Story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears
*SPEAKING WARM-UP:
1. What is your favorite childhood story?

*PRONUNCIATION:
EXAMPLE PRONUNCIATION
thought / bought / fought / brought / ought / “awt”
sought

enough / rough / tough “uff” as in STUFF

though / although / dough / thorough “o” as in NO or GO

cough “off”

bough “ow” as in COW or NOW

through “u” as in THREW or SHOE

*SPEAKING: Tell your partner five sentences using five “ough” words from different groups

*PAST: Write the past of the following words

1. IS ____________ 13. HAVE ____________ 25. YELL ____________
2. GO ____________ 14. DECIDE ____________ 26. SLEEP ____________
3. SEE ____________ 15. MAKE ____________ 27. HEAR ____________
4. KNOCK ____________ 16. WALK ____________ 28. WAKE UP ____________
5. ANSWER ____________ 17. SIT ____________ 29. SCREAM ____________
6. ARE ____________ 18. CRY ____________ 30. JUMP ____________
7. THINK ____________ 19. TRY ____________ 31. RUN ____________
8. SEEK ____________ 20. BREAK ____________ 32. OPEN ____________
9. TASTE ____________ 21. BRING ____________ 33. RETURN ____________
10. EXCLAIM ___________ 22. BUY ____________ 34. FIGHT ____________
11. TASTE ____________ 23. COME ____________ 35. LEAVE ____________
12. SAY ____________ 24. GROWL ____________

READING:
Once upon a time, there was a little girl named Goldilocks. She went for a walk through the forest. Soon, she
saw a house. She knocked and nobody answered. Although nobody was home, she went in.
On the table in the kitchen, there were three bowls of soup and
some dough.
“I’m hungry,” she thought.
She sought a spoon and tasted the soup from the first bowl.
"This soup is too hot!" she exclaimed.
So, she tasted the soup from the second bowl.
"This soup is too cold," she said
So she tasted the last bowl of soup.
"Yum, this soup is just right," she said happily and she ate it all.
After she had eaten enough, she decided that she was feeling a little tired. Even though nobody was home, she
made a thorough search in the house to find a place to rest. She walked into the living room and she saw three
chairs. Goldilocks sat on the first chair to rest her feet.
"This chair is too big!" she exclaimed.
So she sat on the second chair.
"This chair is too rough!" she cried.
So she tried the last and smallest chair.
"Awwww, this chair is just right," she said. But when she sat down to rest, it broke into pieces! It wasn’t made
from the bough of a tough tree.
Goldilocks was very tired and was getting sick. “I have a cough so I ought to take a nap,” she thought, so she
went upstairs to the bedroom. She went in the first bed, but it was too hard. Then, she went in the second bed,
but it was too soft. Then, she went in the third bed and it was just right. Luckily, she brought the blanket that
she had bought and fell asleep.
While she was sleeping, three bears came home.
"Someone has been eating my soup," growled the Papa bear.
"Someone's been eating my soup," said the Mama bear.
"Someone's been eating my soup and they ate it all!" cried the Baby bear.
Then, they walked into the living room.
"Someone has been sitting on my chair," growled the Papa bear.
"Someone's been sitting on my chair," said the Mama bear.
"Someone's been sitting on my chair and they broke it," cried the Baby bear.
They decided to look around and when they went upstairs to the bedroom, Papa bear yelled, "Someone has been
sleeping in my bed,"
"Someone's been sleeping in my bed, too" said the Mama bear
"Someone's been sleeping in my bed and she's still there!" said Baby bear.
When Goldilocks heard the noise, she woke up and saw the three bears. She screamed, "Help!" and she
jumped up and ran out of the room. Goldilocks ran down the stairs, opened the door, and ran away into the
forest. She never returned.
The three bears fought because one of them left the door open.

*SPEAKING/WRITING: COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

1. What was the girl’s name?
2. What was on the table?
3. What did she eat?
4. How did she describe the second chair?
5. Why did the chair break?
6. When she was getting sick, what did she have?
7. Who arrived while she was sleeping?
8. Why did she wake up?
9. What happened at the end of the story?
Greg Granger gave Gretta green grapes.

The bear in the grass growled at granny.

My granny grows grapes in her garden.

Gretta wears green gloves when gardening.

Get the glass with the green grapes.

Gruff grandpa grunts and grumbles when he is grouchy.

Avocados make guacamole green.

Gracie grew glorious gourds in her greenhouse.

Grilled ground beef is good grub.

Joan groaned when she heard Gordon gripe about growing old.

The grocer has a ‘green’ grocery store.

Graham grilled grouper on the grill.

The girl grinned.

Gerard makes greasy gravy.

Greasy, grimy garbage gave the garage a gruesome odor.

  

Homographs are words that have the same spelling, but different pronunciations
and meaning.
1. Choose (a) or (b)
   

a)/‘dezәt/
1. The birds will soon desert ___ the nest.
desert 2. They were caught in the desert ___ storm.
b)/di‘zә:t/

a)/wind/
1. Gale is a very strong wind ___.
wind 2. I forgot to wind ___ my watch.
b)/waind/

a) /liv/
1. I’m afraid he hasn’t got long to live ___.
live 2. The pub has live ___ music on Saturdays.
b) /laiv/

a)/‘rekәd/
1. Don’t forget to record ___ the documentary.
record 2. He broke the world record ___ twice already.
b)/ri‘ko:d/

a) /bәʊ/
1. Take a bow __!
bow 2. She put a bow ___ on her present.
b) /baʊ/

a)/waʊnd/
1. He received a bullet wound __ in the battle.
wound 2. She wound __ the bandage around his arm.
b)/wu:nd/

a) /tεә/
1. The police had to tear ___ the place apart.
tear 2. A tear ___ rolled down her face.
b) /tiә/

a) /klәʊs/
1. Tom is a close ___ relative of mine.
close 2. Close ___ your eyes! And don’t peek!
b) /klәʊz/
Name: __________________  Mark: 
 
Teacher: 
Date: _____/ _____ / ______ 

Choose the right word.

1. Last Christmas holidays I ______________ an interesting book about Finland. Its

cover was blue and white. I was not ______________. (read /red)

2. My grandmother can’t find her ______________ shoes. Yesterday it rained a lot

and the wind ______________ so strongly that she got soaked. (blew / blue)

3. I’ve lost my ______________ car keys. My brother lost his car keys,

______________ ( too / two)

4. These ______________CDs are ______________ us. They were offered on our

birthday. (for/ four)

5. Do you ______________ the plural of “person”? - ______________, I don´t. Is it

“people”? (know / no)

6. I usually ______________ my clothes, but this pink sweater was bought

______________ my father. ( buy / by)

7. Michael ______________ like to be a farmer rand live surrounded by a forest

and chop ______________. (wood / would)

8. Jane and Claire usually ______________ long jumpers. I wonder ______________

they are. ( wear / where)

9. John, come ______________ please. Can’t you ______________ what I am saying?

10. Look and ______________ how wonderfully bluish green the ______________ is

today. (sea / see)

Answer key

1. read…red
2. blue…blew
3. two…too
4. four…for
5. know…No
6. buy…by
7. would…wood
8. wear…where
9. here…hear
10. see… sea
  

1. Choose the right word to complete the sentence 

a) She has lost _______. She looks great.
  wait / weight  
b) I had to ______ for his call so I missed the bus.
 

 
a) Have you seen the school’s new ________?
site / sight
  b) I can’t stand the ________ of blood.

there
  / their a) ______ was a huge pile of coins in the fountain.
b) ______ names were engraved onto the trophy.
 

 
dear / deer a) Will you set the table, my ________?
  b) Look! There’s a _______ by the river.

night
  / knight
a) The late _________ Sir Lang was buried here.
b) There was an eclipse of the moon last _______.
 

break
  / brake a) Give me a _______, will you?
b) I always _______ gently.
 

 
wood / would a) Thank you! We _______ be thrilled to come.
  b) This box is made of ________.

 
meat / meet a) She doesn’t eat _______.
  b) ________ me at the station at 5 o’clock.
 

a) It was ______ to see they were in love.

plain  / plane
b) Her boyfriend was killed in a ______ crash.
 

  a) Don’t ask her for money. It’s a ____ of time.

waste / waist
b) He put his arm round my ________.
 

 
a) The dog chased his _______ tirelessly.
tale / tail
  b) It was a _______ of bravery and honesty.

 
a) He injured his _______ last year.
heal  / heel  
b) It took a long time to ________.
2. Read the following text carefully. There are ten wrongly spelt words. Rewrite the
text using the correct word.

  Last weak I red an interesting add in the papers. There was to bee a sail
in the new shopping centre. When I told my sun about it, he just said:
  “Good to here that!” He obviously didn’t share my enthusiasm. Moreover,

  he maid fun of me: “Why don’t you male the news too all of your
friends?”
 

  _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
  _____________________________________________________

 
______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
 

3. Complete the crossword using the correct homophone

Across Down 1 

5. right 1. flour
2 
6. won 2. grate
3. allowed 3  4 

4. peace 5 

6 

4. Think of one more pair of homophones and set a task for your partner

a) _____________________________________
b) _____________________________________

a) _____________________________________
b) _____________________________________
Teaching notes

Lead-in (my suggestion)

Ask your students to take out their notebooks and pens. Tell them you are going to
dictate a few words that they should write down. When they get ready, start
dictating: /ai/, /bai/, /hai/, /tu:/, /nou/. They will get confused not knowing which
word you actually mean. Tell them it’s their choice. Then write the phonetic
transcription on board and ask them to spell out the words they have written.

/ai/ - I, eye;
/bai/ - by, buy, bye;
/hai/ - hi, high;
/tu:/ - to, too, two;
/nou/ - no, know.
Tell them that these words, which sound alike but are spelt differently and have
different meaning, are called homophones.

Practice
Distribute the worksheet and tell them to do the first three exercises in pairs.
When they have completed the task, ask them to check results with the pair in
front/behind them, and then check with the whole class.
Finally, ask them to think of one more pair of homophones and set a task for their
partner.

Happy teaching!
A- Fill in the blank spaces by choosing the correct word.

1. Every week my parents go to the butcher’s to buy

some __________ and they __________ our

neighbours there. (meat / meet)

2. My eldest brother is left-handed; he can’t __________ properly with his hand. (right /

write)

3. We went by bus to the __________ in Camden Town. The bus __________ is not very

expensive. (fair / fare)

4. The transport __________ in Portugal is cheaper than in Britain but that is not

__________ because both are members of the EU. (fair / fare)

5. They used to __________ to Spain to buy shoes and clothes on__________. It was

easy to cross the river by boat. (sail / sale)

6. The little boy was looking __________ the window and __________ his ball to me.

(threw / through)

7. My eldest __________ likes lying on the sand and he doesn’t care about the

__________ rays. ( son / sun)

8. __________ teachers are always complaining about us. My father spent an

__________ talking to our class director. (hour / our)

9. Help me __________ have got something in my __________. (eye / I)

10.There was a giant __________ in the shop window at the shoe shop. it was between a

__________ of black shoes and a __________ of green shoes. (pair / pear)

Answer key

1. meat…meet
2. write…right
3. fair…fare
4. fare…fair
5. sail…sale
6. through…threw
7. son…sun
8. Our…hour
9. I…eye
10. pear…pair…pair
Match the words that have the same pronunciation:

1. four A. won't
2. eye B. would
3. air C. wait
4. two D. sun
5. flour E. witch
6. rap F. eight
7. want G. know
8. not H. guessed
9. scene I. fined
10. birth J. here
11. there K. for
12. son L. heir
13. why M. hare
14. guest N. berth
15. rain O. I
16. tail P. piece
17. which Q. there
18. pair R. seen
19. ant S. rows
20. wood T. paws
21. hear U. wrap
22. hair V. pear
23. weight X. bored
24. find Y. too
25. peace Z. reign
26. no AA. aunt
27. knew BB. there
28. their CC. tale

29. pause DD. knot

30. board EE. flower
31. rose FF. new
32. ate GG. Y
Hotel California – The Eagles

On a dark __________ highway, cool wind in my hair a) dessert b) this is c) desert

Warm smell of colitas, rising up through the air
Up ahead in the distance, I saw a __________ light a) shimmering b) chimney c) shivering
My head grew heavy and my sight grew dim
I had to stop for the night
There she stood in the doorway;
I heard the mission bell
And I was __________ to myself, a) sinking b) thinking c) singing
"This could be Heaven or this could be Hell"
Then she lit up a candle and she showed me the way
There were __________ down the corridor, a) voices b) noises c) boys
I thought I heard them say...

Welcome to the Hotel California

Such a lovely __________ (Such a lovely place) a) face b) place c) takes
Such a lovely face
Plenty of room at the Hotel California
Any time of __________ (Any time of year) a) beer b) near c) year
You can find it here

Her mind is Tiffany-twisted, she got the Mercedes Benz

She got a lot of pretty, pretty __________ she calls friends a) boys b) voice c)noise
How they dance in the courtyard, sweet summer sweat.
Some dance to remember, some dance to forget

So I called up the Captain,

"Please __________ me my wine" a) ring b) bring c) string
He said, "We haven't had that spirit here since nineteen sixty nine"
And still those voices are calling from far away,
Wake you up in the middle of the __________ a) night b) liked c) side
Just to hear them say...

Welcome to the Hotel California

Such a lovely __________ (Such a lovely place) a) face b) place c) takes
Such a lovely face
They livin' it up at the Hotel California
What a nice __________ (what a nice surprise) a) brides b) prize c) surprise
Bring your alibis

Mirrors on the ceiling,

The pink champagne on __________ a) ice b) mice c) lies
And she said "We are all just prisoners here, of our own device"
And in the __________ chambers, a) plaster’s b) master’s c) caster’s
They gathered for the feast
They stab it with their steely __________, a) wives b) chives c) knives
But they just can't kill the beast

Last thing I remember, I was

Running for the __________ a) door b) sore c) poor
I had to find the passage back
To the place I was before
"Relax, " said the night __________, a) lamb b) man c) pan
"We are programmed to receive.
You can check-out any time you like,
But you can never __________! " a) believe b) live c) leave
You must always hear the final –ed at the end of a regular verb (preterit
form or past participle). There are 3 different pronunciations possible

 t  after P F K => laughed , talked

 id after T D => wanted , decided
 d  after the other consonants, vowels and diphthongs => remembered,
cleaned

Now classify the following verbs according to the pronunciation of the

final -ed

he helped he looked he decided he liked

he stopped he started he washed he closed
he tasted he moved he pushed he sounded
he loved he wanted he jumped he played
he recorded he invented he worked he changed
he added he collected he listened he escaped
he interviewed it rained he needed he travelled
he received he acted he answered he wondered
he asked he shouted he accepted he chatted

t d  id 
 How to Pronounce UK Place Names - Anglophenia Ep 23
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9q7VjLVU8Ec
Match the place names with their pronunciation.

1. Aberystwyth   a) /ˈsaɪərənsɛstər/
2. Bicester  b) /ˈdɑrbi/
3. Cirencester  c) /ˈɡlɒstər/
4. Derby  d) /ˌæb.əˈrɪst.wiθ/
5. Dumfries  e) /ˈiːli/
6. Ely  f) /ˈbɪstə/
7. Frome  g) /dʌmˈfriːs/
8. Gloucester  h) /ˈlɛmstər/
9. Hartlepool   i) /ˈfruːm/
10. Llanelli  j) /ˈmɔːlbrə/
11. Leicester  k) /ˈhɑrtlɪpuːl/
12. Leominster   l) [ɬaˈnɛɬi]
13. Loughborough   m) /ˈlɛstər/
14. Marlborough  n) /ˈmɑrlɪbən/
15, Marylebone  o) /ˈlʌfbərə/
16. Mousehole  p) /ˈtɒt(ə)nəm/[
17. Reading  q) /ˈɡwɪnɨð/
18. Powys  r) /ˈwʊstər/
19. Slough  s) /ˈslaʊ/
20. Totteham  t) /ˈraɪslɪp/
21. Fowey  u) /ˈmaʊzəl/
22. Islay  v) /ˈwoʊkɪŋ/
23. Gwynedd  w) ˈdɜrəm/
24. Ruislip  x) /pɒntəˈpriːð/
25. Pontypridd  y) /ˈrɛdɪŋ/
26. Durham  z) /ˈfɔɪ/
27. Woking  aa) i/ˈaɪlə/
28. Worcester  bb) /ˈpaʊ.ɪs/
Key: 1‐d, 2‐f, 3‐a, 4‐b, 5‐g, 6‐e, 7‐I, 8‐c, 9‐k, 10‐l, 11‐m, 12‐h, 13‐o, 14‐j, 15‐n, 16‐u, 17‐y, 18‐bb, 19‐s, 
20‐p, 21‐z, 22‐aa, 23‐q, 24‐t, 25‐x, 26‐w, 27‐v, 28‐r 
Iris     Name: __________________

  Goo Goo Dolls 
1 Listening for Pronunciation 
__________ give up forever __________ you
‘Cause I know __________ feel me somehow Exercise 
__________ the closest __________ heaven that
__________ ever be
And I don’t ______________ home right now 1. Listen carefully to the
song and while you do it,
2 try to identify the missing
And all __________ taste is this moment words.
And all __________ breathe is your life
‘Cause sooner __________ later __________ over 2. In most cases you need to
I just don’t _________________ tonight use more than one word
for each blank.
3
__________ don’t want the whole world to see me 3. You will need to identify
‘Cause I don’t think that __________ understand words that are contracted
When __________ made to be broken and linked to others, as
I just _____________________ who I am well as reduced function
words like the ones
4 studied in class.
__________ can’t fight the tears that __________ coming
__________ moment __________ truth in your lies 4. How well did you do?
When everything feels like _________________ Tell your classmates.
Yeah you breathe just to know __________ alive
All answers correct!

5 Some problems understanding…

__________ don’t want the whole world to see me
‘Cause I don’t think that __________ understand I guess I need more practice!!!
When __________ made to be broken
I just _____________________ who I am 5. Reflection time: what
aspects of connected
speech practiced in this
(Repeat verse 5 two more times) exercise do you need to
work on?
I just _____________________ who I am (X3) ___________________
___________________

6. Ready for singing?

Nagygellér, X. 2012
ANSWER KEY

1
And I
To touch
That you
You’re
To
I´ll
Wanna

2
I can
I can
Or
It’s
Wanna miss you

3
And I
They’d
Everything’s
Want you to know

4
And you
Ain´t
Or the
Of
The movies
You’re

5
And I
They’d
Everything’s
Want you to know

Want you to know

Nagygellér, X. 2012
 I SAY A LITTLE PRAYER FOR YOU

1- Match the phrases with the corresponding picture.

WAKE UP RUN FOR THE BUS PUT ON MAKEUP WONDER WHAT DRESS TO WEAR COMB YOUR HAIR  

2- Complete the song with the phrases above in the correct form.

The moment I ___________________________ __________________, forever, that's how it must _________.

Before I ___________________________ To live without you
I say a little prayer for you Would only mean heartbreak for __________________.
While ___________________________ now,
And _____________________________________ now, I ________________________, dear,
I say a little prayer for you While riding I think of us, dear,
I say a little prayer for you.
Forever, and ever, you'll stay in my __________________ At work I just take time
and I will love you And all through my coffee break-time,
__________________, and ever, we never will _____________ I say a little prayer for you.
Oh, how I love you

3- Match the rhyming words. Then use some of them to complete the chorus above!

YOU FOREVER PART BE

HEART TOO
ME TOGETHER
NOW SING THE SONG!

CHORUS My darling believe me, (believe me)

For me there is no one but you!
Please love me too (answer his pray)
I say a little prayer for you
And I'm in love with you (answer his pray)
Answer my prayer now babe (answer his pray)
I say a little prayer for you

CHORUS
Let Her Go Love comes slow and it goes so ______
Well you see her when you fall _______
Passenger But never to touch and never to
Well you only need the light when it’s _________
burning ________ Because you loved her too ________
Only miss the sun when it starts to And you dive too _________
_______
Only know your love her when you let Well you only need the light when it’s
her _______ burning _______
Only know you’ve been high when Only miss the sun when it starts to
you’re feeling low ________
Only hate the road when you’re missing Only know your love her when you let
home her _________
Only know your love her when you’ve let Only know you’ve been high when
her go you’re feeling low
And you let her go Only hate the road when you’re missin’
home
Staring at the bottom of your ________ Only know you love her when you let
Hoping one day you will make a dream her go
_______ And you let her go
The dreams come slow and goes so
________ Ooooo ooooo oooooo
You see her when you close your And you let her go
_________ Ooooooo ooooo ooooo
Maybe one day you will understand Well you let her go
________
Everything you touch surely _______ Cause you only need the light when it’s
burning _______
But you only need the light when it’s Only miss the sun when it starts to
burning low ________
Only miss the sun when it starts to Only know your love her when you let
snow her __________
Only know your love her when you let Only know you’ve been high when
her go you’re feeling _________
Only know you’ve been high when Only hate the road when you’re missin’
you’re feeling low home
Only hate the road when you’re missin’ Only know your love her when you’ve let
home her go
Only know you love her when you let
her go Repeat

Staring at the ceiling in the __________ And you let her go

Same old empty feeling in your _______
 

 
1.Write the words in the correct column according to the underlined sounds.

goes ‐ dark – last‐ ceiling – eyes‐ asleep – deep – feeling start – 
know – glass – light – keep ‐  dive – fast – snow home ‐ dies ‐ 
high – low – why – go 
             / əʊ/             / ɑ:/  /ɑ ɪ/ / ɪ:/ 
       
     
   
   
   
 
 
  
 
   
 
 
   

2. Write the transcription of the words below. Use your dictionary.

Ex:  high: /hɑɪ/

a) Dark:________________ k) Glass:_______________
b) Go:_________________ l) Feeling:______________
c) Last:________________ m) Deep:________________
d) Eyes:________________ n) High:________________
e) Asleep:______________ o) Home:_______________
f) Low:________________ p) Know:______________
g) Fast:________________ q) Ceiling:_____________
h) Why:_______________ r) Dive:_______________
i) Keep:_______________ s) Light:______________
j) Snow:______________
 

 
let hɜːr goʊ/ 
/let hɜːr goʊ/ 
/let hɜːr goʊ/ 
/let hɜːr goʊ/ 
/let hɜːr goʊ/ 
 
 

 
Little Talks Little Talks
Hey! Hey! Hey! Hey! Hey! Hey!

I don't like walking ……………… /əˈraʊnd/ I don't like walking ……………… /əˈraʊnd/
this old and empty house. this old and empty house.
So hold my hand, I'll walk with you my ………… /dɪə/ So hold my hand, I'll walk with you my ………… /dɪə/

The stairs creak as I ……………… /sliːp/, The stairs creak as I s……………… /sliːp/,
it's keeping me awake it's keeping me awake
It's the house telling you to close your …………… /aɪz/ It's the house telling you to close your …………… /aɪz/

Some days I can't even dress myself. Some days I can't even dress myself.
It's killing me to see you this ……………/weɪ/. It's killing me to see you this ……………/weɪ/.

'Cause though the ……………/truːθ/ may vary 'Cause though the ……………/truːθ/ may vary
this ship will carry our bodies safe to shore. this ship will carry our bodies safe to shore.

Hey! Hey! Hey! Hey! Hey! Hey!

There's an old …………… /vɔɪs/ in my head There's an old …………… /vɔɪs/ in my head
that's holding me back that's holding me back
Well tell her that I miss our ……………… /ˈlɪtl/ talks. Well tell her that I miss our ……………… /ˈlɪtl/ talks.

Soon it will all be over, buried with our past Soon it will all be over, buried with our past
We used to play outside when we were ………… /jʌŋ/ We used to play outside when we were ………… /jʌŋ/
and full of life and full of ………… /lʌv/. and full of life and full of ………… /lʌv/.

Some days I feel like I'm …………… /rɒŋ/when I am right. Some days I feel like I'm …………… /rɒŋ/when I am right.
Your mind is playing tricks on you my dear. Your mind is playing tricks on you my dear.

'Cause though the ……………/truːθ/ may vary 'Cause though the ……………/truːθ/ may vary
this ship will carry our bodies safe to shore. this ship will carry our bodies safe to shore.

Hey! Don't ………../ˈlɪsən/ to a word I say Hey! Don't ………../ˈlɪsən/ to a word I say
Hey! The screams all sound the same. Hey! The screams all sound the same.
Hey! Hey!

'Cause though the ……………/truːθ/ may vary 'Cause though the ……………/truːθ/ may vary
this ship will carry our bodies safe to shore. this ship will carry our bodies safe to shore.

You're …………/gɒn/, ………/gɒn/, ……… /gɒn/away, You're …………/gɒn/, ………/gɒn/, ……… /gɒn/away,
I watched you disappear. I watched you disappear.
All that's left is a…………/gəʊst/ of you. All that's left is a…………/gəʊst/ of you.
Now we're torn, torn, torn apart, Now we're torn, torn, torn apart,
there's nothing we can do, there's nothing we can do,
Just let me go, we'll meet …………… /əˈgen/ soon. Just let me go, we'll meet …………… /əˈgen/ soon.

Now wait, wait, wait for me, please hang around Now wait, wait, wait for me, please hang around
I'll see you when I fall asleep. I'll see you when I fall asleep.

Hey! Don't ………../ˈlɪsən/ to a word I say Hey! Don't ………../ˈlɪsən/ to a word I say
Hey! The screams all sound the same. Hey! The screams all sound the same.
Hey! Hey!

'Cause though the ……………/truːθ/ may vary 'Cause though the ……………/truːθ/ may vary
this ship will carry our bodies safe to shore. this ship will carry our bodies safe to shore.

Hey! Don't ………../ˈlɪsən/ to a word I say Hey! Don't ………../ˈlɪsən/ to a word I say
Hey! The screams all sound the same. Hey! The screams all sound the same.
Hey! Hey!

'Cause though the ……………/truːθ/ may vary 'Cause though the ……………/truːθ/ may vary
this ship will carry our bodies safe to shore. (x3) this ship will carry our bodies safe to shore. (x3)
 Missing Vowels 
 
 

     
Sh___p   
Sh___p  R___ch  R___ch 
 

   
H___l   
H___ll  F___t  F___t 

   
    Ch___p(s) 
D___p  D___p  Ch___p 
 
Think of some more words with short i and long e sounds, and write them in the 
chart below. 
 
Short i  Long e 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  

 
 

 
      / v /     vs.     / f /           / p /      vs.      / b /       / v /       vs.       / b / 
1a. Save 1b. Safe 1a. Pat 1b. Bat 1a. Very 1b. Berry

2a. Very 2b. Ferry 2a. Pot 2b. Bought 2a. Vase 2b. Base

3a. Vase 3b. Face 3a. Cap 3b. Cab 3a. Van 3b. Ban

4a. VIN 4b. Fin 4a. Perry 4b. Berry 4a. Vaux 4b. Box

5a. Grieve 5b. Grief 5a. Pup 5a. Pub 5a. Live 5b. Lib

6a. Van 6b. Fan 6a. Lip 6b. Lib

7a. Vaux 7b. Fox 7a. Crap 7b. Crab

/ ð/ or / θ/ vs.  / t /       / t /      vs.      / d /     / θ /       vs.      / d / 

1a. That 1b. Tat 1a. Lit 1b. Lid 1a. Hath 1b. Had

2a. Thor 2b. Torn 2a. Mat 2b. Mad 2a. Both 2b. Bode

3a. Bath 3b. Bat 3a. Rot 3b. Rod 3a. Math 3b. Mad

4a. Thought 4b. Taught 4a. Late 4b. Laid 4a. Wrath 4b. Rad

5a. Teeth 5b. Teat 5a. Rite 5b. Ride 5a. Faith 5b. Fade

6a. Third 6b. Terd 6a. Wrote 6b. Rode 6a. Wreath 6b. Read

7a. Those 7b. Toes 7a. Set 7b. Said 7a. Cloth 7b. Clod

     / t̬ʃ /      vs.      / ʃ /       / g /      vs.      / k /       / dʒ /    vs.      / t̬ʃ / 

1a. Chip 1b. Ship 1a. Bag 1b. Back 1a. Joke 1b. Choke

2a. Batch 2b. Bash 2a. Goo 2b. Coo 2a. Jar 2b. Char

3a. Chore 3b. Shore 3a. Lag 3b. Lack 3a. Jip 3b. Chip

4a. Much 4b. Mush 4a. Glass 4b. Class 4a. Large 4b. Larch

5a. Choose 5b. Shoes 5a. Big 5b. Bick 5a. Oh Geez! 5b. Oh Cheese!

6a. Crutch 6b. Crush 6a. Gone 6b. Con 6a. Midge 6b. Mitch

7a. Chant 7b. Shan’t 7a. Rig 7b. Rick 7a. Jew 7b. Chew
   / i: /      vs.     / I /           / eI /     vs.    / e /     / Ʌ /    vs.     / a: / 
1a. Sheep 1b. Ship 1a. Mase 1b. Mess 1a. Lust 1b. Loss

2a. Wheat 2b. Wit 2a. Main 2b. Men 2a. Nut 2b. Not

3a. Feet 3b. Fit 3a. Wane 3b. When 3a. Pup 3b. Pop

4a. Leap 4b. Lip 4a. Trade 4b. Tread 4a. Rut 4b. Rot

5a. Neat 5b. Knit 5a. Face 5b. Fess 5a. Cut 5b. Caught

6a. Seat 6b. Sit 6a. Paid 6b. Pet 6a. unto 6b. onto

7a. Wean 7b. Win 7a. Pain 7b. Pen 7a. Muck 7b. Mock

     

1a. 1a. 1a.

2a. 2a. 2a.

3a. 3a. 3a.

4a. 4a. 4a.

5a. 5a. 5a.

6a. 6a. 6a.

7a. 7a. 7a.

     

1a. 1a. 1a.

2a. 2a. 2a.

3a. 3a. 3a.

4a. 4a. 4a.

5a. 5a. 5a.

6a. 6a. 6a.

7a. 7a. 7a.

__________ to the wind after dark makes my heart ______ like drums from a

social revolution. I try to sit in ________ and absorb the moment but I create my

own __________ . I hear the sound of the wind whispering __________the trees. I

hear my symphony that compliments the ___________leaves. To allow yourself

to completely ________ in the NOW is what we live for. At this _________

moment, I am the wind; I am the trees; I am the leaves_________ ; I am the

whispering wind __________ down before dawn can break the __________sky.

Often times, I __________where you are as I sit ________ this tree. Sometimes it

gets so lonely beneath this______, but I am equally as strong and I will live like

this oak: deeply _________ and waiting for a breeze to keep me _________.

Listening to the wind after dark makes my heart beat like drums from a social

revolution. I try to sit in silence and absorb the moment but I create my own

symphony. I hear the sound of the wind whispering through the trees. I hear my

symphony that compliments the trembling leaves. To allow yourself to completely

melt in the NOW is what we live for. At this precise moment, I am the wind; I am

the trees; I am the leaves trembling; I am the whispering wind winding down

before dawn can break the speckled sky. Often times, I wonder where you are as I

sit below this tree. Sometimes it gets so lonely beneath this oak, but I am equally

as strong and I will live like this oak: deeply rooted and waiting for a breeze to

keep me company
“Being so ________while the seasons pass, I sometimes forget about _______

animals who silently sit ________ me. Why me? I __________. What makes these

________ chose me to sit under? Ahhhh, here comes my favorite part of the day.

________ of spring air seem to always ________my worries away.__________, I

pass them on to those ______________ souls that are trying to find ____________

in my shadow. Do they hear me __________ as the wind _________me? Do they

hear at all? I have seen such a __________of individuals: crying, ___________,

laughing, sleeping, meditating, ___________, touching me, hugging me,

__________their names in me, painting me, caressing me, ___________in my

death. I find it ________ interesting how my death fills their life with joy. Well,

here comes fall. I suppose it’s time to ________ orange.”

“Being so sturdy while the seasons pass, I sometimes forget about those animals

who silently sit below me. Why me? I inquire. What makes these folks chose me to

sit under? Ahhhh, here comes my favorite part of the day. Gusts of spring air seem

to always wipe my worries away. Perhaps, I pass them on to those unfortunate

souls that are trying to find solitude in my shadow. Do they hear me chuckle as the

wind tickles me? Do they hear at all? I have seen such a myriad of individuals:

crying, pondering, laughing, sleeping, meditating, sighing, touching me, hugging

me, carving their names in me, painting me, caressing me, frolicking in my death. I

find it quite interesting how my death fills their life with joy. Well, here comes

fall. I suppose it’s time to turn orange.”

 Instructions on how to use the Minimal Pairs Worksheet.

* Some of the words will have to be changed to reflect regional dialects. This worksheet is
based on American pronunciation.
This exercise has been composed to address common pronunciation problems that my Spanish

speaking students fall victim to. Throughout my 3 ½ years of teaching in Mexico and Peru, I

have noticed some common pronunciation errors that majority of my students, ranging from

basic to advanced, continuously say. I would like to explain how I go about presenting this

worksheet and how to use the following paragraphs.

1) Start the class off brainstorming the most difficult aspects of the English language. In most
classes, pronunciation seems to be the biggest obstacle
2) For each aspect, try to come up with a couple of ways to help your students confront this
difficulty. ( Most students don’t have very good studying habits or methods, so this is a real help
for them.)
3) Ask your students, “Why do you think that English is so difficult/has so many irregulars?
Answer: Due to the mixture of many other languages: Germanic, Celtic, Latin, Greek, Polish
and many more.
4) To exemplify further the difficulty of English pronunciation, I write on the board the
following words: Cough, Rough, Through, Bough
Off Puff New Bow(the action of leaning forward to show respect)
I ask them to try and pronounce the first row of words followed by the second. Then after I
pronounce the first row correctly and then pair them up with the second row, we all start talking
about how confusing the English language can be. (-ough all with all different pronunciations)
6) First, isolate each sound that will be covered in the minimal pair wksht and work on its
pronunciation.
7) Pair each sound up with its confusing counterpart. Preferably ones that aren’t found in the
wksht. eg. Those / Toes Vun / Fun (It’s ok to use words that aren’t actually words to create a
minimal pair. The objective is not to build vocabulary but rather, to distinguish between
confusing sounds.)
8) After a brief review and explanation of the articulation points and manner of articulation for
each sound to be covered, pass out the wksht to each student.
9) Student A will start with the first box and RANDOMLY choose one of words in each pair.
Student A can only say the word one time and must try and say it normally. Student A underlines
the word that they chose.
10) Student B puts a dot next to the word that they hear and a dot with a circle if it was a guess.
Student A finishes all the words in all the boxes in the same manner. Then, they switch.

11) Once they both have finished, they compare the words they said to the words their partner
heard.
12) For each word that was heard correctly, the speaker receives one point. For each word that
was guessed correctly, the speaker gets a half a point. Tally up the points at the end to see who
has the most points.
13) If you would like to change this up a bit, after each box make your students chose a different
partner.
14) Review answers and have a brief Q&A.
I have left some blank spaces so you can add 6 more minimal pairs groups to the worksheet
depending on the nature of your class. In addition, I used the IPA format so your students can
learn some of the symbols to help them use their dictionary more proficiently.

Instructions on how to use the 2 paragraphs.

1) First make copies of each page and cut them into two, so you have the original paragraph on
one piece of paper and the same paragraph with blanks on another.
2) Pair your students up and have Student A read to Student B. Student B must write the word
s/he hears in the blank.
3) The first paragraph is from the perspective of a tree. The second is from the perspective of
someone sitting underneath the tree. You should see if the students can figure this out just from
reading.
4) After they finish, review the answers and talk about any abstract concepts that were difficult
to understand or confusing words, which there will be.

I wrote these paragraphs one day because I was tired of doing boring reading assignments that
were putting my students to sleep and demotivating them. These always produce conversation
and the students seem to be more involved in the reading.
I hope this can help you and make teaching pronunciation more fun and not such an intimidating
topic to tackle.

Cheers to all,

Gitane Jazz
 ………… that money
Fill in the blanks with these words :
Watch it …….
Lately, I've been, I've been losing …….
Old……………………………………
Dreaming ……. the things that we could be Life    hard (2)   find   young   sleep (2X)   old 
…….., I've been, I've been praying …….. Heart   face   more (2X)   about (2X)   baby 
And I feel …………………………
Said, no ……… counting dollars (2X) world  love    lie 5 (2X)   burn (2X)    kills    
Everything that drowns me makes right   lessons  down  four  river  take  
We'll be counting stars, yeah we'll be counting stars
Wanna ………

I see this …… like a swinging vine ……… that money

Swing my……….across the line Watch it ……….
And my ……… is flashing signs Sink in the ……………..
Seek it out and you shall ……… The ………. I learned

Old, but I'm not that …….  

………, but I'm not that bold
I don't think the ……….is sold Rhyming words :
I'm just doing what we're told
Hard : ……………    ………………….   …………………. 

I feel something so …….. Vine :  ………….       …………………   …………………..  …………………..  

Doing the wrong thing
            …………..      ………………..     …………………..  
I feel something so wrong
Doing the right thing Bold : ………….      …………………     …………………   
I couldn’t…..., coudn't ……, couldn’t ……
Everything that ………. me makes me feel alive Turn : …………   …………….   ………………   ……………. 

Find the infinitive of these verbs :

I feel the ………..
And I feel it ………….. Could : …………  
………… this river every turn
Said : ………….  

 Sold : ………….  
Hope is our …………. letter word
………… that money , Watch it ………….

 
 
 
 Regular past tense verb pronunciation

‘t’ ‘d’ ‘id’

Ed as “T”

Voiceless sound: – p – k – s – ch – sh – f – x – h - pronounce ED as “T”

Example: Ask, asked = ask(T)

hiked asked
joked baked
jumped
kissed brushed
laughed (læf) + t cooked
locked danced (da:ns) + t
missed dropped
mixed

Remember that it depends on the ending sound of the verb, not the letter. For example, in
advise, the s is pronounced as a z. Therefore, it doesn’t have the ‘t’ ending sound.

advised (ad’vaiz)

Ed as “D”

Voiced sound : – l – v – n – m – r – b – v – g – w – y – z – and vowel sounds (diphthongs)

pronounce ED as “D”

Example: Allow, allowed = allow(D)

advised (ad’vaiz) + d explored

agreed happened
allowed imagined
believed killed
called listened
carried lived
cleaned loved
enjoyed measured
T or D pronounce ED as “ID”

Example: Need, needed = need(id)

Ed as “ID”

accepted included
attended invited
arrested invented
collected landed
contacted needed
decided printed
defended presented
divided provided
ended reported
expanded respected
expected started
shouted
 Regular Past Tense Worksheet

Here are the regular past verbs.

Like Wash Live

Walk Play Watch
Look Try Enjoy
Listen Pay Jump
Talk Paint Faint
Chat Study Borrow
Arrive Dance Wade
Travel Pick Touch

Now classify the verbs into one of these three columns.

T D ID

Complete the sentences using the past tense of the verb in parentheses.

1. I (need) a pencil to write a letter.

2. You (play) hockey every day last week.

3. I (run) on Sundays and Fridays last month.

4. You (score) in your game of soccer !

5. He (needs) two spoons.

6. We (shoot) in the net yesterday.

7. We (watch) a hockey game on my new TV !

8. She (plays) football every week.

9. They (score) a goal at the last minute.

10. He (wears) a pair of pants.

11. I (watch) your performances on TV!

Introduce the correct group of letters in the gap:

ow ea ee oo th ch sh

_ _ ank you !

L_ _k outside !

Pl_ _se !

Br_ _n is my favourite colour.

Can you s_ _ that big building ?

Give me _ _e bag, pl_ _se !

I like reading b_ _ks.

H _ _ old are you ?

_ _e is my sister, Anne.

I like _ _ opping.

My mo_ _er is c_ _king in the kitchen.

Can you r_ _d this letter ?

_ _is dress is very _ _eap. It costs only £5.

Whi_ _ colour do you like ?

I _ _ink she prefers br_ _n bread, not white.

 Phonetic sound differentiation
1 2 3

4 5

6 7

Across Down
1 (3)
2 (4)
2 (4)
4 (4)  3 (6)
5 (3) 5 (4)
 

6 (6)
7 (4)
8 (6) 8 (5)
9 (5)  
 

Copyright 2008 , www.esltower.com  Futonge Kisito 
 Phonetic Challenge 
 
/stænd/ /ʌp/ 

/tɜːn/ /əˈraʊnd/ /tuː/ /ˈtaɪmz/ 

/klæp/ /jə/ /hændz/ /wʌns/ 

/wɔːk/ /tə/ /ðə/ /ˈwaɪtbɔːd/ 

/tɜːn/ /əˈraʊnd/ /ənd/ /ˈseɪ/ /həˈləʊ/ /ˈtiːtʃə/ 

/rɪˈtɜːn/ /tə/ /jə/ /siːts/ 

/wel/ /dʌn/ 
Instructions: 
 

Put students into pairs or groups of three. Tell them they must sound out the sentences, and then do the 
action. Cut the sentences into strips. Give each pair the first one ‐ they don’t get another strip until they 
have completed the previous one. The first to complete correctly are the winners!  (To make your own you 
can download Photransedit or similar. I often do challenges that take the students on a ramble out of the 
classroom, which they really enjoy.) 

 
Key: 

Stand up 

Turn around two times 

Clap your hands once 

Walk to the whiteboard 

Turn around and say ‘hello teacher’ 

Return to your seats 

Well done 
Write the following words:

1. /nait/ =

2. /fait/ =

3. /sait/ =

4. /rait/ =

5. /mait/ =

6. /tait/ =

7. /lait/ =

8. /plait/ =

REMEMBER:

Very often, the group of letters ‘- ight ‘ = is pronounced /ait/

Write the following words:

1. /fu:d/ =

2. /ku:k/ =

3. /spu:n/ =

4. /mu:n/ =

5. /su:n/ =

6. /ru:m/ =

7. /sku:l/ =

8. /lu:/ =

9. /ru:t/ =

10. /gu:d/ =

REMEMBER:

The group ‘-oo’ = is pronounced /u:/

BUT NOT ALWAYS !!!! 

 Fonetica Inglesa
Handout I

Transcribe the following words into its phonetic correspondance according to IPA

Break Low Sleep

Weak Shoe Clash

Sew Foe Glue

Few Through Small

Horse Comb School

Hose Tomb Style

Dose Bomb Salt

Lose Doll Challenge

Goose Roll Tune

Choose Home Sweet

Say Some Smoke

Paid Pay Pure

Said Shred Dance

Blood Good Plum

Food Mould Snow

Beard Could Snake

Heard Done Twin

Cord Gone Guilt

Word Lone Flat

Cow Pray One

 Fonetica Inglesa
Handout I

Transcribe the following sentences into phonetic symbols.

a) We play in the field, we don’t pray in it.

b) It’s a crime to cut roses

c) Where are the cimbers? – I have no clue

d) They had to flee to remain free

e) The clown wore a paper crown

f) Please, try not to wear my trousers

g) He threw several plates on the floor

h) The problem is that I don’t trust Greg

i) Those fragrant flowers are for Grace

j) The sprinter got a splinter in his foot

k) It was a splendid day for the students

l) He sprang down sprawled on the floor and sprained his ankle

m) There was a stupid add on the screen

n) The workers were on strike last spring

o) He is at present, watching three small spoons on the floor

p) I bought some pretty rings and gave them to my pretty Grace

q) A professional player was standing at the long queue

r) Ring the bell twice or the driver won’t stop

s) Sheila didn’t get a chance of a simple dance, not even once

 Fonetica Inglesa
Handout I

Text I
All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players:
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms.
And then the whining school-boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth. And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lined,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side,
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
 Fonetica Inglesa
Handout I

Text II
Patrick never did homework. "Too boring," he said. He played baseball and basketball
and Nintendo instead. His teachers told him, "Patrick! Do your homework or you won't
learn a thing." And it's true, sometimes he did feel like a ding-a-ling.
But what could he do? He hated homework.
Then on St. Patrick's Day his cat was playing with a little doll and he grabbed it away.
To his surprise it wasn't a doll at all, but a man of the tiniest size. He had a little wool
shirt with old fashioned britches and a high tall hat much like a witch's. He yelled,
"Save me! Don't give me back to that cat. I'll grant you a wish, I promise you that."
Patrick couldn't believe how lucky he was! Here was the answer to all of his problems.
So he said, "Only if you do all my homework 'til the end of the semester, that's 35 days.
If you do a good enough job, I could even get A's."
From Who did Patrick’s Homework? By Carol Moore

Text III
Mr. Coyote was getting very old and had to be more careful for his own safety. He had
been walking for hours and hours through a beautiful valley when he came upon a large
tree. Mr. Coyote was very tired and wanted to rest but he also needed to be safe. He
kindly asked the tree, "Please open up so I can rest safely in your care".
The tree opened up so that Mr. Coyote could go inside to rest, then it closed to keep him
safe. Mr. Coyote slept for hours. When he woke up he could not remember what he had
said to make the tree open. He said, "Let me out Mr. Tree", but nothing happened. He
said, "Please let me out now!" and again nothing happened. The tree didn't even creak.
Mr. Coyote knocked on the tree, but it would not open up. Mr. Tree was upset with Mr.
Coyote for not having said please the first time he spoke to the tree! It let him rest a
little longer.
From Mr Coyote Meets Mr Snail by Storie-Jean Agapith
 Fonetica Inglesa
Handout I

Text IV
So I was out at lunch yesterday, and Julia Roberts was sitting at the next table, and
maybe that’s why I’ve got all these stupid Pretty Woman quotes in my head. Well,
paraprases, I guess. Remember that bit where she says to Richard Gere something like
“You’ve changed me, and you can’t change me back”? Well that’s like you guys and
me. I started this project in inky isolation, to pull myself out of a tailspin of secretarial
ennui. How was I to know that you were all out there? I am in a place that a year ago I
could not have imagined. Because of all of you, because you kept coming back, my life
has changed. I credit Julia Child’s spirit and example with the inspiration to start this
crazy thing, but for finishing it, I can only credit all of you. And it’s great. But it also
means I’ve come to a place where I’ve got to let go of this, and of you, to some extent,
for a little while.
From The Julie/Julia Proyect Blog

Text V
The Taj Mahal attracts from 2 to 4 million visitors annually, with more than 200,000
from overseas. Most tourists visit in the cooler months of October, November, and
February. Polluting traffic is not allowed near the complex and tourists must either walk
from car parks or catch an electric bus. The Khawasspuras (northern courtyards) are
currently being restored for use as a new visitor centre. The small town to the south of
the Taj, known as Taj Ganji or Mumtazabad, originally was constructed with
caravanserais, bazaars and markets to serve the needs of visitors and workmen. Lists of
recommended travel destinations often feature the Taj Mahal, which also appears in
several listings of seven wonders of the modern world, including the recently
announced New Seven Wonders of the World, a recent poll with 100 million votes.
http://tajmahal.nuvvo.com/lesson/6001-seven-wonders-of-the-world-taj-mahal
 Fonetica Inglesa
Handout I

Text VI
One day, overnight, the world turned violet. Just about everything turned violet from the
sky and ocean and mountains to the trees and animals and people and from the tallest
skyscrapers to the tiniest ant. People sat around looking at one another wondering if
they were dreaming. But nobody woke up and things stayed violet, all except for a
single Blue Jay who hadn't changed color and stayed the brightest blue.
People were shocked. Some were afraid and some were amazed and a few thought it
funny, because along with everyone else, the President was very violet. Whole families
were violet as were teachers, movie stars, doctors, nurses, gas station attendants, the
Queen of England, the President of Mozambique, taxi-drivers, everybody. They went
from place to place in their violet cars and buses and rode violet bikes and sat on violet
furniture and ate violet food. Even Hershey's candy bars had turned all violet as had
Skittles and M&M's. Girls generally thought this yucky, but some boys thought it was
pretty neat.
From It Could Happen... by Carol Moore

Text VII
As the toaster began serving my bagel on to a plate, I realised the project was in fact
ready for testing. I retrieved the duck and the cat - which I had bought for this purpose -
from their containers, and set about calibrating the machine in their direction. Once
ready, I leant against the table, holding the bagel I was too excited to eat, and initiated
the transfer sequence. As expected, the machine whirred and hummed into action, my
nerves tingling at its synthetic sounds.
The machine hushed, extraction and injection nozzles poised, scrutinizing its targets.
The cat, though, was suddenly gripped by terrible alarm. The brute leapt into the air,
flinging itself onto the machine. I watched in horror as the nozzles swung towards me;
and, with a terrible, psychedelic whirl of colours, felt my mind wrenched from its
sockets.
From Professor Panini by Matthew Grigg
 Fonetica Inglesa
Handout I

Text VIII
I just read this in a newspaper: "After long months of futile attempts and several
expeditions, a group of Argentine scientists has succeeded in capturing an Ushuaia
rabbit, thought to be extinct for over a century. The scientists, headed by Dr. Adrián
Bertoni, caught the rabbit in one of the many forests that surround the Patagonian city"
As I prefer specifics to generalities, and precision to transience, I would have said "in
such and such a forest located in such a spot in relation to the capital of Tierra del
Fuego." But we can't expect blood from a turnip or any intelligence whatsoever from
journalists. Dr. "Adrián Bertoni" is yours truly, and of course they had to misspell my
name. My exact name is Andrés Bertoldi, and I am, in fact, a doctor of natural sciences,
specializing in Zoology and Extinct, or Endangered, Species
From The Ushuaia Rabbit by Fernando Sorrentino

Text IX
This is a bicycle about my life. I'm sorry, did I say bicycle? I meant to say "story", but
sometimes I get my words mixed up. Anyway, as I was saying, this is story about my
life. It's called "My Life Bicycle".
I am now 104 years old, but when I was born I was zero. I was just a baby in those days,
and I couldn't walk, talk or fold maps. Now I can walk and talk, but I'm still learning
how to fold maps.
I'm old now, but when I was young I wasn't old at all.
During my first year, I did a lot of crying and a lot of unpleasant things in my nappies.
By the way, nappies are called diapers in America and something else in Norway,
Belgium, Italy and Bolivia.
Exactly 12 months after birth, I had my first birthday. And 52 weeks after that, I had my
second. My third came 365 days later, my fourth 8,760 hours later, my fifth 525,600
minutes later and my sixth 31.536 million seconds later
From My Life Story by Gordon Dioxide
 Fonetica Inglesa
Handout I

Text X
Waking Up to a Cup of English Breakfast Tea

While the Americans (and other nationalities of the world) may relish waking up to the
aroma of coffee, there is no doubt that the British prefer sipping a hot cup of tea in the
morning (and mayhap other parts of the day). I love coffee, I am not denying that, but
there are times when I simply need tea as my drink for the day. One of my favorites is
the English Breakfast Tea, which I can drink at any time of the day. What is this tea
anyway?
The English Breakfast Tea is usually a blend of different black teas. The blend may
consist of teas coming from areas such as India, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Malawi and China.
The fact is that the English Breakfast Tea was first invented in Edinburgh, Scotland by a
man named Drysdale, a well known tea master. His idea was to market the blend under
the label Breakfast. The rest is history.
This kind of tea is a perfect accompaniment to the traditional English breakfast and goes
well with milk and sugar. If you want a more technical description of this tea, here is
*Mr. Breakfast’s take:

"It is a robust, full-bodied beverage with light floral undertones

(sometimes referred to as “coppery”). When blended with milk, it
produces a comforting aroma eerily similar to warm toast and honey.
And as we know, the olfactory receptors in our noses are responsible for
80% of what we perceive as flavor."

Indeed, English breakfast tea can give you a warm fuzzy feeling just as you brush away
the cobwebs of sleep in the early morning. Why not have a cup today?

Posted on Feb 28, 2011 by Jodie in English Cuisine, English Culture

http://www.english-blogs.com/category/english_cuisine/
http://www.english-blogs.com/category/english_culture/
*http://www.mrbreakfast.com/
 

  Planning a vacation. 
 
1.Pronunciation  warm‐up. 

[v] vs [w] 

Vera and William went on vacation to Venice. 

‐Practice this tongue‐twister in pairs. 

‐Make up new words with[v] and [w] in pairs. Then students produce new words. 

‐Minimal pairs. 

  Play a game. A table on the board.  

  1  2 

  vet  wet 

  van  when 

  vine  wine 

  very  weary 

  village  Willy 

  veil  whale 

Presentation: the teacher reads words ,s‐s write numbers. Then check. After that s‐s work 
in pairs. 

 
 TONGUE TWISTER 
1. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. 

    Where’s the peck of pickled pepers Peter Piper picked? 

2. The blue bluebird blinks 

3. When a twister a‐twisting will twist him a twist. 

4. You have no need to light a night‐light. 

5. I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit. 

    And on a slitted sheet I sit. 

    I slit on a sheet, a sheet I slit. 

    The sheet I slit, that sheet was it. 

6. One‐One was a racehorse. 

     Two‐Two was one, too. 

      When One‐One won one race, 

      Two‐Two won one, too. 

7. I’m not the pheasant plucker, I’m the pheasant plucker’s son. 

    And I’m only plucking pheasants till the pheasant pluckers come! 

8. Any noise annoys an oyster but a noisy noise annoys an oyster more. 

9. A big black bear bit a big black bug and the big black bug bled black blood. 

10. Fat frogs flying fast. 

11. Flee from fog to fight flu fast! 

12. The boot black bought the black boot back. 

13. Cheap ship trip. 

14. The two‐twenty‐two train tore through the tunnel. 

15. The big fat cat sat on the long black hat. 
Pronunciation: Read these sentences. Encircle the words that rhyme with the bold word in each sentence.
Sometimes there are two or more words.

1. A shoe is still new unless you step in blue goo.

2. What did you cut when you fell into the rut?

3. With me you will see there's no need for T.V.

4. There once was a king who liked to sing in the rain.

5. Sing a tune about June and we'll find the moon soon.

6. I don't lie when eye to eye unless I'm feeling really shy.

7. We'll never go if you continue to sew, so what you need to do is row.

8. We think you should eat food that's good instead of eating wet wood.

9. Don't stop going up till you get to the top if you really want to find the shop.

10. I can't sleep with these sheep in my bed, though they seem to be sleeping quite deep by my head.
Pronunciation Activity
Teacher _________

Student: __________________________ Date: _________

- In this story, there are 12 incorrect words. The correct word

is pronounced the same as the incorrect one, but the spelling is
different. What you have to do is:

1) Underline the incorrect words.

2) Correct them, and then check your answers with the teacher.

“Last weak, I cent my sun Jamie to the shops to

bye sum food. He got a peace of meet and too
pairs. On the weigh home, the bag broke. The
food fell onto the rode and got dirty. In the
end, Jamie through the food in the bin.” 

As you get the correct answers, compare the meanings of these

homophones.
For the teachers:

* Firstly, you read the text with the students, or you can ask a
student with good pronunciation to read.

*As the students get their tries, they compare the answers with
another fellow. After this you can write down the correct words
on the board. Then, have students compare the meanings of the
homophones.

weak (not strong) x week (from Sunday to Saturday=7 days)

cent (a little value of a coin) x sent (past of send)
sun (the main star of Solar System) x son (person’s male child)
bye (saying goodbye) x buy (obtain sth by paying money for it)
sum (an amount of money) x some (an amount of things in
general)
peace (opposite of war) x piece (part of sth)
meet (Nice to meet you.) x meat (the flesh of an animal or a bird
eaten as food)
too (adverb) x two (a number)
pairs (a pair of shoes) x pears (fruits)
weigh (to measure how heavy sb or sth is) x way (the route you
take to go somewhere)
rode (past of ride) x road (you drive along a road)
through (preposition) x threw (past of throw)
 Reading Rules. Vowel “Uu”
 [u:] 
blue glue clue I type:   [ju:] II type:   [ʌ]
Pluto
tube bus
cute gum
Uu  [u] 
III type:    IV type   
u+r+vowel (e/y/i) put push pull bull
u+r [ә:] [juә] full
fur lurk cure pure

1 Read the words. 2. Find odd one out.

                                                                     
1. tube, cute, gun, pupil, . 4. mute, pure, sure, secure.
     [ju:] 
 
2. Sunday, burn, bun, cut. 5. blue, true, pull, glue.
  pupil student music tube
3. turn, fur, hurt, cure. 6. push, put, bush, but.
  cucumber unit duke
 
 
  [ʌ] 
  cup but gun lunch bunch
  dull gull sun uncle  3. Complete the table.
 
sun, tune, blue, excuse, turn, push, cucumber, clue, cut,
 
                      [ә:]  burst, student, pull, bug, bun, sure, put, tulip, curse,
turn burn hurt curl fur
  music, turkey, cure, duty, lunch, burst, Pluto, Tuesday,
  turkey nurse Thursday 
gun, endure, full, curly, bugle, glue, nurse, bull, cute.
[juә]  .
pure cure secure   I  [ju:] I [u:] II [ʌ] II [u] III [ә:] IV [juә] 
 
 
 
  4. Read. ***
  Bobby Blue blows big blue bubbles. A tutor who tooted the flute
Tried to tutor two tooters to toot
  Buy blue blueberry biscuits before bedtime. Said the two to the tutor
 
“Is it tougher to toot
  Or to tutor two tooters to toot?”
 
***
 
How much wood would a woodchuck chuck
  If a woodchuck could chuck wood? ***
  He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, A skunk sat on a stump. 
  And chuck as much as a woodchuck would
The stump thought the skunk 
If a woodchuck could chuck wood.
  stunk. 
  The skunk thought the stump 
  5.Write the transcription. 6. Write the words. stunk . 
What stunk the skunk or the 
hum cute cure turn pure [mju:t pʌn hә:t pjuә
stump?
nurse tube but blue curl blu: gʌm tә:n]
pull
 Reading Rules. Vowel “Ee”
I type:   [ı:] II type:   [ e]
Pete pet
me Ee pen
IV type    ee [ı:] 
III type:   
ea [ı:]  e+r+vowel (e/y/i) tree green fee
e+r [ә:] [ıә]
sea tea meat teeth geese been
her term here mere
read

1 Read the words. 2. Find odd one out.

                                                                     
[ı:]  1. she, me, tree, Steve, we. 4. person, her, serve, here.
 
2. let, bet, pen cent, be. 5. bee, deep, knee, pen,
  me he we she Steve Pete
  be 3. game, sphere, mere, sere keen.
  6. read, bean, been, meat.
 
         [e] 
  help pen bed ten Meg let
  pencil get bet   3. Complete the table., step
 
spell, tree, Berth, neat, Pete, deed, eve, get, stern, she,
 
                      [ә:]  set, tea, mere, bee, pen, here, her, bed, team, we,
  her term person perfect sphere, mercy, flea, west, he, best, better, bean, seen,
  serve Bert verb 
shell, term, pet, be.
[ıә]  I [ı:] II [e] III [ә:] IV [ıә] 
here mere sphere   
 

 
  4. Read.
***
  Seven selfish shellfish.
  - Tell me, little Pete,
She sells seashells on the seashore of the seashells.
  What you like to eat.
  - Well, I like to eat,
  Tasty cakes and sweets.
***
 
 
Sven said, “Ted, send ten tents”
  Ted said “Sven, send ten cents.
***
  When Sven sent Ted ten cents, Pete has got a pencil,
  Then Ted sent Sven ten tents. Pete has got a pen.
  He draws with his pencil
  5.Write the transcription. 6. Write the words. And writes with his pen.

he cent here read her [mı: pen hә: sfıә

we sell deed stern seat mı:t step tә:m]
mere tree bean
 BUT: Reading Rules. Vowel “Ee”
[ı] [ı:]
live ski I type:   [aı] II type:   [ ı]
give kite fit
my
Ii gym y [j] 
yes yellow yet
 [ı]  III type:   
Yy IV type   
BUT: 
happy [‘hæpi] i+r+vowel (e/y/i)
i+r [ә:] [ıә]
July [ʤu'laɪ]
silly [‘sili]
pity [‘piti]
girl Byrd fire tyre

1 Read the words. 2. Find odd one out.

                                                                     
1. shy, my, happy, site, slice. 4. girl, gym, Byrd, sir, skirt.
[aı] 
 
2. lip, bit, fire, gym, swim. 5. happy, windy, by, pity,
  time type mine nice rice
  fly my by five bite 3. tire, tired, fire, fine. angry.
  e 6. your, you, yard, bye, yet.
 
         [ı] 
  milk system sit silk pin
  symbol big little link  3. Complete the table.
  milk, gym, dirty, bite, hire, fist, first, line, live, Byrd,
 
                      [ә:]  like, mill, skirt, tyre, lid, wide, dine, tired, happy, give,
  girl shirt bird sir skirt   style, Clive, city, five, mice, wire, system, shirt, sky,
  third
ski, tiger, girl, hit, type, sir, by.

[aıә]  I [aı] II [ı] III [ә:] IV [aıә] 

lyre wire tyre tire tired  
hire fire byre  

 
 
4. Read. ***
Mike, ride your bike. Kitty meets Minnie.
 
Give the pigs six big chips. Minnie, says Kitty,
 
I can think of six thin things, but I can think of six thick This is my pinny,
 
things too.
  Isn’t it pretty!
 
  March  "The big bug bit the ***
  March brings sunny
little beetle, but the It’s winter, it’s winter, 
  days and winds. Let’s skate and ski! 
  So we know that little beetle bit the big It’s winter, it’s winter, 
  spring begins. bug back." It’s great fun for me! 
 
  5.Write the transcription. 6. Write the words. "Fresh fried fish,

fine system wire sir bid [maın pın gә:l faıә fish fresh fried,

style bird tired happy yes jel taıp fә:m] fried fish fresh,
July line first fish fried fresh."
 Reading Rules. Vowel “Oo”
I type:   [əu] II type:   [ɔ]

note pot
toe Oo got

III type:    IV type   
BUT: [ә:] o+r+vowel (e/y/i)
world word o+r [ɔː] [ɔː]
worm worse fork worn more bore

1 Read the words. 2. Find odd one out.

                                                                        
     [әu]  1.note, got, wrote, stove, 3. sport, store, more, sore.
 
  rose nose note wrote no toe. 4.fork, born, before, nor.
  go toe home bone   2. lot, dog, pork, cock, got. 5. world, lord, word, worse.
 
 
  [ɔ] 
  got not cock dot box hot
  lot clock  3. Complete the table.
 
spot, sport, nose, lot, before, work, strong, note, lord,
 
         [ɔː]  pork, got, world, box, torch, stone, shore, north, God,
 [u] 
torn pork worn sport
  sock, go, sort, phone, stop, ore, word, fox, morning,
  born north born nor 
core, shore, bone, lock, wrote, worm, snore, for, not,
       [ɔː]  north, log, doll, worse, toe, more, open.
more core store bore I [әu] II [ɔ ] III [ɔ:] III  [ә:] IV [ɔ:] 
adore before shore 

 
  4. Read.
  Cob is Dob’s dog. ***
  Tob is Mob’s dog. Zog the frog
  wears long blue socks
  and eats hot dogs
  *** from an orange box.
  When a doctor doctors a doctor,
  does the doctor doing the doctoring doctor as the
***
  doctor being doctored wants to be doctored or
does the doctor doing the doctoring doctor as he If you notice this notice,
 
wants to doctor? you will notice that this notice
  is not worth noticing.
 
  5. Write the transcription.
6. Write the words. ***
[mɔ: pɔt stәun fɔ:k wә:d snore for doll wrote A proper cup of coffee
fox shore strong sort from a proper copper
nɔ:θ stɔp tɔ:n nәut bɔ:] coffee pot.
nose not phone torch
 PHONETIC SYMBOLS :

VOWELS Long Vowels Short Vowels

sheep Ship head
farm Hat above
cool Foot mother (US)
horse sock (UK) worm (US)
bird Cup

CONSONANTS

Voiced Voiceless
book pen
day town
give cat
very fish
the think
zoo say
vision she
jump cheese
look
run
yes
we
moon
name
sing

DIPHTHONGS

day

eye

boy

mouth

nose (UK)

nose (US)

ear (UK)

hair (UK)

pure (UK)
 REVIEW : PRONUNCIATION
1‐ VOWELS :Which of the following words does not have the given sound ? 
/ i: /  : bead – pick – peak – bean 
/ i / : bead – bit – bin – bid 
/ e / : bed – feed – bell – fed 
/æ / : bat – park – hat  ‐ pack 
/ Ʌ / : bat – bus – bun – bud 
/a: / : ban – pack – park – car 
2- DIPHTONGS : Which word is represented by the phonetic transcription :
/geit / :____________________     /’peipә /  :____________________    /kͻin /   :____________________ 
/leit / :____________________     / kait /  :____________________            /ͻi:l /  :____________________ 

/pein / :____________________  /’dainiᵑ/  :____________________          /tͻi /  :____________________ 
/∫eid /  :____________________  / haid /  :____________________            / tai /  :____________________ 

/laif / :____________________  /bͻi/  :____________________              /’bͻiliᵑ/  :____________________ 

3‐ Classify the following words :  
A/ 
  bar  ‐ boy – buy – house – cold ‐  tour – hair 
 
/ i ә /  / ei /  /ai /  / ͻi /  / Uә /  / eә /  / әu /  /au / 
               
B/
horse – bird – book - two – fox – litter
   /  / ͻ :/  /υ /  / υ : /  / ә / 
/  : / 
           
4- Circle the odd sound :
a- go – so – no – do

b- cleared – heard – beard – feared

c- shoes – goes – nose – toes

d- great –seat – wait – gate

e- among – wrong – sung – begun

f- load – road – showed – board

5- Choose teh corrct answer :

1. Cut : a. /kʌt/ b. /kɜ:t/ c. /ku:t/  7. Pleasure: a. /pleʒә / b. /plɜ:ʃә / c. /pleʃә / 

2. Jar : a. /ʧɑ:/ b. /ʤæ/c./ʤ ɑ:/  8. No : a. /nʊә / b. /nәʊ/ c. /nɔɪ/ 

3. Food: a. /fʌd/ b. /fʊd/ c. /fu:d/  9. Oil: a. /ɔ:l/ b./ɔil/ c. / ʊәl/

4. Very: a. /vәri:/ b. /vʌri:/ c. /veri:/  10.Turn: a. /tʌn/ b. /tɜ:n/ c. /tʊn/ 

5. Show: a. /ʤʊә / b. /ʃeә / c. /ʃә ʊ/  11.Fort : a. /fɜ:t/ b. /fʌt/ c. /fɔ:t/ 

6. Young: a. /jʌŋ/ b. /ɪʌŋ/ c. /yʌŋ/   
 FINISH TELEVISION MOTHER

CAR ATTENTION KNOWLEDGE

ANIMAL PRESIDENT RESTAURANT

TELEPHONE OPTIMISTIC NICE

FOUR FIRE ROSE

NIGHT WORM SCHOOL

 TIME JOY COLD

UNIVERSITY MY YOU

FACE SING SEE

GREY KIND HAND

NAME PAGE WELL

CALL ROUND LOOK

 
 Rhyming pairs 

 
Bed                                                                                                      log 

Ten                                                                                                      vet 

See                                                                                                        meat 

Teen                                                                                                      wild 

Flow                                                                                                     try 

Fog                                                                                                        pen 

Let                                                                                                        tea 

Now                                                                                                     rose 

No                                                                                                        seen 

Heat                                                                                                     red 

Mild                                                                                                     tree 

Fry                                                                                                         low 

Nose                                                                                                      go 

Free                                                                                                        how 
 
 

Paint in PURPLE the sound corresponding to the one in FIRST

Find six words with that sound in the following word search

Write a list of the words and practise saying them in pairs!

 
 Technicum Si-Tarek of Relizane
Third / Scond Year Pupil – Scientific Streams
Reference Sheet N° J
* SILENT LETTERS *
The following letters may be silent in the pronunciation of some words:
-b,c,d,g,h,k,l,m,n,p,s,t,w-
 “B” is silent in the combinations ‘mb’ & ‘bt’ at the end of the word.
 Aplomb, Limb, Succumb, Bomb, Thumb, Comb, Dumb, Plumber, Tomb, Crumb,
Lamb, Subtle, Womb
 Debt, Doubt
 “C” is silent in ‘sc’ at the beginning of a word before ‘i’, ’e’, ‘i’.
 Scenario, Scent, Scissors, Scepter, Scene, Scientist, Scythe, Scenery, Corpuscle,
Descend, Muscle,
But it is pronounced in:
 Sceptic | 'skeptɪk]
 “D” is silent in these words.
 Handkerchief, Handsome, Wednesday
 “G” is silent in ‘gm’ at the end of a word & in ‘gn’ at the beginning or end of a word.
 Diaphragm, Paradigm, Phlegm,
 Assign, Benign, Campaign, Consign, Deign, Design, Ensign, Foreign, Malign, Reign,
Resign, Sign
 Gnarled, Gnash, Gnat, Gnaw, Gnome, Gnu,
But it is pronounced in:
 Dignity, indignation, resignation, signal, signature
 “H” is silent in these words.
 Rhetoric, Rheumatism, Rhinoceros, Rhyme, Rhythm, What, When, Where, Why,
Wheat, Whale, Wheel, Whether, Which, While, Whimper Whine, Whinge, Whip,
Whisper Whistle, White, Exhaust, Exhibition Ghetto, Ghost, Heir, Honor Hour,
Scheme, School, Vehicle
 “K” is silent at the beginning of a word when followed by ‘n’.
 Knack, Knee, Knit, Knife, Knock, Knot, Know , Knowledge, Knag, Knickers, Knight,
Knob, Knops, Knuckle, Knur, Knapsack
 “L” is silent in these words.
 Could, Should, Would, Behalf, Calf, Half, Chalk, Folk, Stalk, Talk, Walk, Yolk,
Calm, Palm, Psalm
 “M” is silent in the following:
 Mnemonic, Mnemonics, Mnemonist
 “N” is silent in the combination ‘mn’ at the end of the word:
 Autumn, Condemn, Hymn, Column, Damn, Solemn, Bedamn, Contemn, Goddamn,
Limn,
 And in: Government
 “P” is silent in the combination ‘ps’ & ‘pn’ at the beginning of a word.
 Psalm, Pseudonym, Psychiatrist, Psychic, Psychologist, Psychopath, Psychosis,
Psalmody, Psaltery
 Pneumatic, Pneumonia,
And in these words:
 Corps, Cupboard, Coup, Pterodactyl, Raspberry, Receipt,
 “S” is silent in the following in these words:
 Aisle, island, corps, bourgeois
 “T” is silent in the following.
 Castle, Hustle, thistle, Wrestle, Whistle, Chasten, Fasten, Listen, Moisten, Chestnut,
Christmas, Debut, Mortgage, Mustn’t, Often, Rapport, Soften, Bristle, Bristly,
Cabaret, Cachet, Gourmet, Ballet, Sorbet, Crochet, Duvet, Ricochet, …
 “W” is silent in the following:
 Who, Whole, Wholly, Whose, Wrath, Wrangle, Wrap, Wrath, Wreak, Wreath, Wreathe,
Wreck, Wretched, Wrench, Wrinkle, Writ, Write, Writhe, Wrist, Wrong, Answer, Sword,
Two
 “GH” is silent in the following:
 Although, Bright, Daughter, Height, High, Neighbor, Night, Right, Sight, Through,
Tight, Tighten, Straight, Weigh, Weight,
 “U” is silent in the following
 Build, guess, guide, guilty, guitar …
Unit 4 Pronunciation

[ ai ] [ei ]

Letter “i” Letter “y’ Letter “a” Letters “ai” Letters Letters “ea” Letters “ey” Letters
“ay” “ei(gh)”
В середине В конце слова В начале, aid ray break they veil
слова середине слов
(открытый (в открытом aim stray great prey rein
слог) слоге) waist paying steak grey
deny paint daylight weigh
rifle satisfy able explain weight
climate fry lady railway eight
library age neighbour
private escape
idle late
mile
shine

В середине В середине В середине Also:

слова ( перед слова слова пред
“nd; ld”) (открытый сочетаниями -
слог) ng(e) / st(e)

find mild
type range
mind raise
rhyme strange
child praise
angel
kind wild
haste
waste
Запомнить: Сочетание букв
“igh”

light
ninth wright
isle thigh
sign

Запомнить:

die, pie, tie

bye, rye
either,
neither,
height,
buy, eye

Ex.1 Group the words according to their pronunciation: either with the sound [ei ] or [ ai ] .

Lazy, rind, apply, ache, bathe, lifeless, private, complaint, imply, grind, paid, thigh, knight, prayed, bay,
decay, imply, shyer, trial, plain, hie, idol, straight, rays, tight, wail, faint, sigh, aid, phrase, ape, gaily,
essay, might, hyphen, restrain
Ex. 2 Write the proper words.

1. The [ meid ] ____________ looks [ peil ] _____________ .

2. My [ ai ] _______ hurts me. [ ai ] _____ have to wash it.
3. She had a sharp [ pein ] ____________ her [ weist ]_______________ .
4. It is a long [ wei ] ______________ to my home town. I’ll go there by [ plein ]
_______________ not to [ weist ] ___________ too much time.
5. At [ nait ] ____________ we saw a bright light [ hai ] _______ in the sky.
6. Our college is situated in the [ mein ] _________ street of the town.
7. A man can [ dai ] ________ but once.
8. Recently we had a storm of [ rein ] _________ and [ heil ]_____________ .
9. The [ nait ] __________ had a wound in his [ rait ] __________ arm.

Ex. 3. What are the sounds: [ ai ] or [ ei ] ? What are the letters?

why [ ai ] [ ei ] b a y
resign b ____ the
basic g ____ me
plane m ____ke
stile ____ ____ m
reign tr ____ ___ n
convey
style
mite [ ai ] ch i l d
dye t___pe
bacon w __pe
wright br__ __ __t
patient f___nal
whale c__cle
maize sp___der
wind sh___ne
SOUNDS OF ENGLISH FOR BALTIC & SLAVONIC LANGUAGE SPEAKERS

Different Vowels Sounds:

/æ/ /ɜ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɑ:/

3. cat 10. bird, 6. horse, 4. car (see p. 156, 7 NEF PI)
Say the sounds alone and in the words.

Some more words to say:

/æ/ pat, mat, sat, hat, hand, back, catch, carry, match

/ɜ:/ verb, her, were, person, dirty, fir, shirt, firm, burn, nurse, turn, work, worm, worse,
worth, earn, learn

/ɔ:/ more, sore, storm, boring, door, ball, walk, awful, saw, law, claw, water, four, pour,
bought, thought, abroad, towards, warm

/ɑ:/ far, arm, harm, part, tart, cart, scarf, fast, pass, after, aunt, laugh, heart, calm, half, calf
Now make different sounds for these words:

/æ/ /ɑ:/
cat / cart, hat / heart, pat / part, match / march, back / bark, am / arm, ham / harm

/æ/ /e/
sat / set, pat / pet, ham / hem, jam / gem, man / men, pan / pen, tan / ten

/ɔ:/ /ɒ/
caught / cot, pour / pot, nought / not

/ɔ:/ әʊ/
bought / boat, nought / note, caught / coat, saw / so, door / doe, law / low

/ɜ:/ /eә/
her / hair, fir / fair, were / where

/ɜ:/ /e/
burn / Ben, learn /Len, turn / ten, dirt / debt

Short / Long Vowels:

hit / heat, sit / seat, lip / leap, sick / seek, will / wheel, bid / bead, filled / field, fill /
feel, mill / meal, hill / heel
Different Consonants Sounds:

/ð/ /θ/ /dʒ/ /ɳ/ /w/ /h/ /r/

34. mother 33. thumb 36. jazz 43. sing 39. witch 44. house 38. right
(see p. 158, 9)
Say the sounds alone and in the words.

Some more words to say:

/ð/ weather, the, clothes, sunbathe, that, with, than

/θ/ thing, thick, throw, thank, healthy, tooth, maths, thong, both

/dʒ/ jacket, just, journey, enjoy, bridge, judge, generous, teenager

/ɳ/ tongue, fang, finger, along, thing, bring, going, coming, sing, sang, sung, wing

/w/ wet, twins worried, win, why, which, what, when, whale

/h/ hit, hate, happy, ahead, perhaps, hard, who, whose, whole

/r/ rat, race, read, rich, rose, royal, rice, really, horrible, Harry

Now make different sounds for these words:

/θ/ /ð/ & ...

thin / sin, thank /sank, youthful / useful, thick / sick, thing / sing, then / zen, that / sat,
with / whizz, than / van

/h/ & ...

heart / cart, hard / guard, hit / kit, hat / cat, help / kelp, home / comb,
holly / golly, hot / got, hail / gale

/ɳ/ & ....

wing / wig, sing / sin, thing / thin, fang / fan, tongue / ton, sung / sun

/w/ & ...

while / vile, west /vest, wine / vine, wish / fish, when / then, win / sin,
whale / veil, whale / sale

/r/ & .....

race/case, rose/nose, read/need, red/head, rice/lice/nice, rice/which, really/nearly
 Match the word with its
transcription

park [bɜːd]

fox [ʃɑːk]

student [ˈɒrɪndʒ]

orange [kraɪ]

bird [hiː]

cry [pеn]
time
[bʌt]
shark
[taɪm]
he
[nʌt]
pen
[ˈstjuːdәnt]
but
[dɒɡ]
nut
[pɑːk]
bag
[hәʊm]
care
[ˈdɒktә]
sport
[ɡeɪm]
dog
[neɪm]
home
[ˈæpl]
doctor
[spɔːt]
name

game [kɛә]

apple [bæɡ]

[fɒks]
SANTA CLAUS IS COMING TO TOWN (Mariah Carey)

You’d better watch ……………… WHY

You’d better not …………….. OUT
You’d better not pout CRY
I’m telling you ……………

Santa claus is coming to town (x 3)

OUT NICE
He’s making a …………… LIST
He’s checking it ……………..
TWICE
He’s gonna find ………………
Who’s naughty or …………….

Santa claus is coming to town (x 3)

Bad
Sleeping
He sees you when you’re …………………
Awake good
He knows when you’re ………………….
He knows if you’ve been ………. or …..……
So be good for goodness sake

So you’d better watch ……………… WHY

You’d better not …………….. CRY
You’d better not pout OUT
I’m telling you ……………

Santa claus is coming to town (x 3)

The kids in girl and boyland christmas tree

Will have a jubilee toyland
They’re gonna build a …………….
All around the …………………….

You’d better watch ……………… WHY

You’d better not …………….. CRY
You’d better not pout OUT
I’m telling you ……………
EN CATALÀ …
Farieu bé d’estar alerta,
Santa claus (is coming to town) Millor no plorar
Santa claus (is coming to town) (ni) posar males cares,
Us explicaré perquè …
Santa claus is coming Santa Claus arribarà a la ciutat
Farà una llista,
Santa claus is coming La comprovarà dos cops,
Santa claus is coming Descobrirà qui s’ha portat malament
I qui s’ha portat bé.
To town Ell us veu quan dormiu
I quan esteu desperts,
Ell sap si heu estat dolents o bons,
Doncs, sigueu bons minyons, per Deu!
…
La canalla del país dels nens i nenes
Farà una festa, construirà una ciutat de joguines
Tota al voltant de l’arbre de nadal …
Lesson plan

The 4 of us: Sunlight

1. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate preposition: OUT – THROUGH
– ON – FROM – OF – TO - IN
Speck dust, that's us
Sitting a greyhound bus
And we're a long way home
You shake hands, make plans
Write your story the sand
And then get ready run
And time, every time I try to find it
It falls of my hand
The sign staring the window
Says don't let go, no don't let go

2. Choose the correct word - homophones

You can raise your (eyes/ice) above all the lies that you (hear/here)
From a (hole/whole) in the ground to a place where the water is clear
There is somewhere I (know/no) where we both can go
Sunlight, sunlight
Sunlight, sunlight
Sunlight
Cold sweat, I get
Breathing in the warm sweet (scent /cent) of you
Together we roll
Even though at this stage
I'm waiting for a brand (new/knew) wave
To crash and swallow me (hole/whole)

3. Number in the correct order

_______There is one thing I know,
_______when we get to the end of the ride
_______And my heart won't bleed
_______and survive
_______You can find yourself
_______together we flow
_______in the eye of a storm
 

 
 

 
 THE -ED PRONUNCIATION RULES
1. The -ed ending is pronounced /t/ after “unvoiced” final sounds: f, k, p, s, sh, ch,
ss, w and x
Examples:
cooked, stopped, kissed, watched, finished, allowed, promised
2. The -ed ending is pronounced /d/ after “voiced” final sounds: m, g, (j), r, l, b, z
and v
Examples:
dreamed, bugged, waged, slurred, called, rubbed and lived
3. When the verb ends in -t or -d (if there is an -e after them it doesn’t count),
the -ed ending is pronounced /id/
Examples:
waited, wedded, decided

Exercise:
Now, try pronouncing these words:
pressed
killed
learned
explained
visited
touched
supported
recognized
wanted
worked
counted
smiled
prefered
 

Characteristics:
 Most common vowel sound in the English language.
 Quick / Relaxed / Neutral vowel sound.
 Function of syllable stress NOT spelling.

When does it occur?

 Occurs in the unstressed syllable of a multi-syllable word.
 USUALLY occurs in the reduced syllables of a Function Word

Function Words Examples

Prepositions of, at, in, on, under…
Pronouns He, they, him, her, you…
Determiners The, a, an, some, that…
Conjunctions And, that, when, or, but…
Modal Verbs Can, must, will, should…
Auxiliary Verbs Will, do, does, did, be (is, am, are)…
Particles No, not, not, as…

What vowels produce the Schwa?

 A Adept
 E Synthesis
 I Decimal
 O Harmony
 U Medium
 Y Syringe

 
 

Repeat the phrases below. The underlined word will contain the schwa.

Each and every a box of apples Three or four

Cold as ice we can stay Close to home

Feel at ease cup of tea There are some

John had gone none have broken Ten to two

That would be wonderful Wait for your brother That was that

These are cheap More than that Get some sleep

Pronounce each word out loud. Then write the schwa symbol over the corresponding syllable. Be
careful! There might be more than one schwa in a single word.

1) Doctor 7) Occasion

2) Tomorrow 8) Wanted

3) Summer 9) Survive

4) Interesting 10) Protect

5) Instant 11) A lot of

6) Banana 12) Director

 
 

Now, read each word carefully and decide what vowel(s) is creating the schwa sound. Write the
vowel that you think is responsible for the schwa.

1) әgree 6) әnterprit

2) sensәr 7) Pigәn

3) Regәn 8) Famәs

4) Bәfore 9) Cousәn

5) Rәsponsәble 10) Stadiәm

Listen to each sentence carefully and write the schwa sound above all the vowels/words that you
hear.
1) It’s  for  you. 
 
2) It  takes  a  lot  of time. 
 
3) How   about   a   cup   of    tea? 
 
4) What   are   you   doing   tonight? 
 
5) What   time   will   you   arrive   to  Peru? 
 
6) Do   you   think   we   should    go   to   the    cinema 
 
7) The   stadium   is   closed   for   a   private   function. 
 
8) This   book   is   about    pronunciation. 
 
9) You   need   to   pay   attention   all   the   time. 
 
10) Do   you   think   you   can   help   me   out? 

 
Tongue-Twisters
 
A proper copper coffee pot. 1

Around the rugged rocks the ragged rascals ran. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.
Long legged ladies live longer. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
Mixed biscuits, mixed biscuits.
2
A box of biscuits, a box of mixed biscuits and a biscuit mixer!
I saw Susie sitting in a shoe shine shop.
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper. Where she sits she shines, and where she shines she sits.
Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled pepper?
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper,
Where's the peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked? 3

Pink lorry, yellow lorry. How many boards

Could the Mongols hoard
Red leather, yellow leather, red leather, yellow leather. If the Mongol hordes got bored?

She sells sea-shells on the sea-shore. from the comic Calvin & Hobbes, by Bill Waterson

The sixth sick Sheik's sixth sheep is sick.

[Sometimes described as the hardest tongue-twister in the English 4
language.]
How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?
Swan swam over the pond,
Swim swan swim!
Swan swam back again - 5
Well swum swan!
Send toast to ten tense stout saints' ten tall tents.
Three grey geese in green fields grazing.

We surely shall see the sun shine soon. 6

Denise sees the fleece,

Tongue-Twisters
 
Denise sees the fleas. 12
At least Denise could sneeze
and feed and freeze the fleas. Seth at Sainsbury's sells thick socks.

7 13

Coy knows pseudonoise codes. You cuss, I cuss, we all cuss, for asparagus!

8 14

Sheena leads, Sheila needs. Roberta ran rings around the Roman ruins.

9 15

The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne Clean clams crammed in clean cans.
throughout Thursday.

16
10
Six sick hicks nick six slick bricks with picks and sticks.
Something in a thirty-acre thermal thicket of thorns and thistles
thumped and thundered threatening the three-D thoughts of Matthew
the thug - although, theatrically, it was only the thirteen-thousand 17
thistles and thorns through the underneath of his thigh that the thirty
year old thug thought of that morning. I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the
witch wishes, I won't wish the wish you wish to wish.

11
18
Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?
Stupid superstition!
Tongue-Twisters
 

19 Picky people pick Peter Pan Peanut-Butter, 'tis the peanut-butter

picky people pick.
There was a fisherman named Fisher
who fished for some fish in a fissure.
Till a fish with a grin, 23
pulled the fisherman in.
Now they're fishing the fissure for Fisher. If Stu chews shoes, should Stu choose the shoes he chews?

20 24

World Wide Web Luke Luck likes lakes.

Luke's duck likes lakes.
Luke Luck licks lakes.
21 Luck's duck licks lakes.
Duck takes licks in lakes Luke Luck likes.
To sit in solemn silence in a dull, dark dock, Luke Luck takes licks in lakes duck likes.
In a pestilential prison, with a life-long lock,
Awaiting the sensation of a short, sharp shock, from Dr. Seuss' Fox in Socks
From a cheap and chippy chopper on a big black block!
To sit in solemn silence in a dull, dark dock,
In a pestilential prison, with a life-long lock, 25
Awaiting the sensation of a short, sharp shock,
From a cheap and chippy chopper on a big black block! Seventy seven benevolent elephants
A dull, dark dock, a life-long lock,
A short, sharp shock, a big black block!
To sit in solemn silence in a pestilential prison, 26
And awaiting the sensation
From a cheap and chippy chopper on a big black block! There those thousand thinkers were thinking how did the other three
thieves go through.
by W.S. Gilbert of Gilbert and Sullivan from The Mikado

27
22
Tongue-Twisters
 
Santa's Short Suit Shrunk

name of a children's book 33

Eleven benevolent elephants

28

I was born on a pirate ship 34

Hold your tounge while saying it. Celibate celebrant, celibate celebrant, celibate celebrant, ...

29 35

I scream, you scream, we all scream for icecream! Willy's real rear wheel

30 36

Wayne went to Wales to watch walruses. If Pickford's packers packed a packet of crisps would the packet of
crisps that Pickford's packers packed survive for two and a half years?

31
37
In 'ertford, 'ereford and 'ampshire, 'urricanes 'ardly Hever 'appen.
Six sleek swans swam swiftly southwards
from the film "My Fair Lady"

38
32
Gobbling gorgoyles gobbled gobbling goblins.
One-one was a race horse.
Two-two was one too.
One-one won one race. 39
Two-two won one too.
Tongue-Twisters
 
Did Dick Pickens prick his pinkie pickling cheap cling peaches in an Ann and Andy's anniversary is in April.
inch of Pinch or framing his famed French finch photos?

46
40
Flash message!
Pirates Private Property

47
41
Frogfeet, flippers, swimfins.
What a terrible tongue twister,
what a terrible tongue twister,
what a terrible tongue twister... 48

Hassock hassock, black spotted hassock. Black spot on a black back

42 of a black spotted hassock.

When you write copy you have the right to copyright the copy you
write. ... 49
continued here
How many cookies could a good cook cook If a good cook could
cook cookies? A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good
43 cook who could cook cookies.

A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!
50

44 How much ground would a groundhog hog, if a groundhog could hog

ground? A groundhog would hog all the ground he could hog, if a
Elizabeth's birthday is on the third Thursday of this month. groundhog could hog ground.

45 51
Tongue-Twisters
 
How much pot, could a pot roast roast, if a pot roast could roast pot.
56

52 She saw Sherif's shoes on the sofa. But was she so sure she saw
Sherif's shoes on the sofa?
How much wood could Chuck Woods' woodchuck chuck, if Chuck
Woods' woodchuck could and would chuck wood? If Chuck Woods'
woodchuck could and would chuck wood, how much wood could and 57
would Chuck Woods' woodchuck chuck? Chuck Woods' woodchuck
would chuck, he would, as much as he could, and chuck as much Through three cheese trees three free fleas flew.
wood as any woodchuck would, if a woodchuck could and would While these fleas flew, freezy breeze blew.
chuck wood. Freezy breeze made these three trees freeze.
Freezy trees made these trees' cheese freeze.
That's what made these three free fleas sneeze.
53
from Fox in Sox by Dr. Seuss
Mary Mac's mother's making Mary Mac marry me.
My mother's making me marry Mary Mac.
Will I always be so Merry when Mary's taking care of me? 58
Will I always be so merry when I marry Mary Mac?
Two tried and true tridents
from a song

59
54
rudder valve reversals
Mr. Tongue Twister tried to train his tongue to twist and turn, and twit
an twat, to learn the letter "T". the cause of some plane crashes

55 60

Pete's pa pete poked to the pea patch to pick a peck of peas for the Birdie birdie in the sky laid a turdie in my eye.
poor pink pig in the pine hole pig-pen. If cows could fly I'd have a cow pie in my eye.
Tongue-Twisters
 
Bad luck Bobby, bad luck ball
61 Now to drown his many troubles
Bobby Bippy's blowing bubbles.
How many cans can a cannibal nibble
if a cannibal can nibble cans? from mid-Willamette Valley theater
As many cans as a cannibal can nibble
if a cannibal can nibble cans.
66

62 Black background, brown background.

Thirty-three thirsty, thundering thoroughbreds thumped Mr. Thurber

on Thursday. 67

Why do you cry, Willy?

63 Why do you cry?
Why, Willy?
Four furious friends fought for the phone. Why, Willy?
Why, Willy? Why?

64
68
Plymouth sleuths thwart Luther's slithering.
Very well, very well, very well ...

65
69
Bobby Bippy bought a bat.
Bobby Bippy bought a ball. Tie twine to three tree twigs.
With his bat Bob banged the ball
Banged it bump against the wall
But so boldly Bobby banged it 70
That he burst his rubber ball
"Boo!" cried Bobby Rory the warrior and Roger the worrier were reared wrongly in a rural
Bad luck ball brewery.
Tongue-Twisters
 

I stood sadly on the silver steps of Burgess's fish sauce shop,

71 mimicking him hiccuping, and wildly welcoming him within.

Mares eat oats and does eat oats,

and little lambs eat ivy. 78
A Kid will eat ivy too, wouldn't you?
As I was in Arkansas I saw a saw that could out saw any saw I ever
saw saw. If you happen to be in Arkansas and see a saw that can
72 out saw the saw I saw saw I'd like to see the saw you saw saw.

Three short sword sheaths.

79

73 black back bat

Caution: Wide Right Turns

80

74 The queen in green screamed.

Rolling red wagons

81

75 How many berries could a bare berry carry,

if a bare berry could carry berries?
Green glass globes glow greenly. Well they can't carry berries
(which could make you very wary)
but a bare berry carried is more scary!
76

Robert Wayne Rutter 82

What did you have for breakfast?

77 - rubber balls and liquor!
Tongue-Twisters
 
What did you have for lunch? 88
- rubber balls and liquor!
What did you have for dinner? Roofs of mushrooms rarely mush too much.
- rubber balls and liquor!
What do you do when your sister comes home?
- rubber balls and liquor! 89

He threw three balls.

83

Snap Crackel pop, 90

Snap Crackel pop,
Snap Crackel pop The great Greek grape growers grow great Greek grapes.

84 91

Six slimy snails sailed silently. Singing Sammy sung songs on sinking sand.

85 92

I thought, I thought of thinking of thanking you. We're real rear wheels.

86 93

Seven slick slimey snakes slowly sliding southward. Rhys watched Ross switch his Irish wristwatch for a Swiss
wristwatch.

87
94
Red Buick, blue Buick
I wish to wash my Irish wristwatch.
Tongue-Twisters
 

95
102
Near an ear, a nearer ear, a nearly eerie ear.
Gig whip, gig whip, gig whip, ...

96
103
On a lazy laser raiser lies a laser ray eraser.
I was born on a pirate ship.

97 Say it while holding your tongue.

Scissors sizzle, thistles sizzle.

104

98 2 Y's U R.
2 Y's U B.
Tom threw Tim three thumbtacks. I C U R.
2 Y's 4 me!

99
105
How much caramel can a canny canonball cram in a camel if a
canny canonball can cram caramel in a camel? Little Mike left his bike like Tike at Spike's.

100 106

He threw three free throws. Eddie edited it.

101 107

Fresh French fried fly fritters Yellow butter, purple jelly, red jam, black bread.
Tongue-Twisters
 
Spread it thick, say it quick!
Yellow butter, purple jelly, red jam, black bread. Supposed to be pistachio,
Spread it thicker, say it quicker! supposed to be pistachio,
Yellow butter, purple jelly, red jam, black bread. supposed to be pistachio.
Don't eat with your mouth full!

114
108
Chester Cheetah chews a chunk of cheep cheddar cheese.
Wow, race winners really want red wine right away!

115
109
Real rock wall, real rock wall, real rock wall
The ruddy widow really wants ripe watermelon and red roses when
winter arrives.
116

110 Argyle Gargoyle

I'll chew and chew until my jaws drop.

117

111 Peggy Babcock, Peggy Babcock, Peggy Babcock, ...

Triple Dickle
118

112 If you're keen on stunning kites and cunning stunts,

buy a cunning stunning stunt kite.
How many sheets could a sheet slitter slit if a sheet slitter could slit
sheets?
119

113 Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.

Tongue-Twisters
 

120 125

Sounding by sound is a sound method of sounding sounds. John, where Peter had had "had had", had had "had";
"had had" had had his master's approval.

121
126
Willie's really weary.
Excited executioner exercising his excising powers excessively.

122
127
Yally Bally had a jolly golliwog. Feeling folly, Yally Bally Bought his
jolly golli' a dollie made of holly! The golli', feeling jolly, named the Pail of ale aiding ailing Al's travails.
holly dollie, Polly. So Yally Bally's jolly golli's holly dollie Polly's also
jolly!
128

123 Double bubble gum, bubbles double.

Out in the pasture the nature watcher watches the catcher. While the
catcher watches the pitcher who pitches the balls. Whether the 129
temperature's up or whether the temperature's down, the nature
watcher, the catcher and the pitcher are always around. The pitcher If you can't can any candy can,
pitches, the catcher catches and the watcher watches. So whether how many candy cans can a candy canner can
the temperature's rises or whether the temperature falls the nature if he can can candy cans ?
watcher just watches the catcher who's watching the pitcher who's
watching the balls.
130

124 Octopus ocular optics.

and
Tommy Tucker tried to tie Tammy's Turtles tie. A cat snaps a rat's paxwax.
Tongue-Twisters
 

Nothing is worth thousands of deaths.

131

This is the sixth zebra snoozing thoroughly. 138

Casual clothes are provisional for leisurely trips across Asia.

132

Salty broccoli, salty broccoli, salty broccoli ....

140

133 Roy Wayne

Roy Rogers
I saw Esau kissing Kate. Roy Rash
I saw Esau, he saw me, and she saw I saw Esau.
personal names

134
141
A slimey snake slithered down the sandy sahara.
11 was a racehorse,
22 was 12,
135 1111 race,
22112.
Suzie Seaword's fish-sauce shop sells unsifted thistles for thistle-
sifters to sift. Wunwun was a racehorse, Tutu was one too. Wunwun won one race,
Tutu won one too.

136
142
I eat eel while you peel eel
It's not the cough that carries you off,
it's the coffin they carry you off in!
137
Tongue-Twisters
 
148
143
The big black bug bit the big black bear,
She said she should sit. but the big black bear bit the big black bug back!

144 149

Mo mi mo me send me a toe, Dust is a disk's worst enemy.

Me me mo mi get me a mole,
Mo mi mo me send me a toe,
Fe me mo mi get me a mole, 150
Mister kister feet so sweet,
Mister kister where will I eat !? I see a sea down by the seashore.
But which sea do you see down by the seashore?

145

Will you, William? Will you, William? Will you, William?

Can't you, don't you, won't you, William?

146

I wish you were a fish in my dish

147

She stood on the balcony, inexplicably mimicking him hiccuping, and

amicably welcoming him in.

an actor's vocal warmup for lips and tongue

  
 
 
 
 

æ 1. has, pan, cat, bat, rat, fan, plan, rabbit;

2. had, map, add, hat, tap, as, tap, fat;
3. bag, jam, fat, cap, man, had, at, animals;
4. A black cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat.
5. Grandma sat patting the black cat she had on her lap.
6.Can a canner can-can.
e 7. Ukraine, Spain, day, made, take;
8. table, safe, aid, say, name, mail;
9. They named baby Jane.
10. Where are their parents?
i 11. be, he, she, we, me, clean,
12. see, tea, feet, street, pea, seat, sea;
A sailor went to sea.
To see what he could see
13.
But all he could see
Was sea, sea, and sea.
14. car, far, star, arm, farm, art, cart, party, army;
15. pass, grass, fast, ask, class, brass;

1
 
 16. sport,
four, daughter, horse, walk, talk, or;
17. small, all, salt, ball, call, tall, also, call;
18. on, dog, doll, clock, coffee, ox, not;
19. Frog squat on rotten logs in foggy bogs.
әu 20. go, note, rese, so, no, smoke, tone;
21. Home is home. Be it ever so homely.
22. bus, cup, but, must, under, Sunday, sum, Monday;
23. One mustn’t run under a London bus.
24. ill, fill, is, in, his, if, miss, silly;
I’m busy, busy, busy,
25.
Buzzed a little busy bee.
a 26. fine, five, nice, mile, type, try, fly my, bye, eye;
A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter
27.
to tidy her tiny tail.
ә 28. near, dear, fear, clear, nearly, theatre, real, idea;
29. Dear, dear! Really, dear!
e 30. grey, eight, they;
31. first, bird, firm, girl, dirty, work, earn;
32. The girl liked to work.
u 33. good, could, room, book, cook, look, woman, sugar;
If a good cook could cook cuckoos
34.
And if a good cook could cuckoos all the time.

2
 
u 35. moon, too, food, soon, boot, fool, tooth, school;
36. You too, Brutus.
au 37. now, out, cow, owl, house, ground, brown;
This town has many houses,
38.
With a mouse in every house.
ju 39. knew, new, few, you, music, computer;
40. No news is good news.
41. toy, boy, oil, joy, join, voice;
42. Boys will be boys.
ә 43. chair, their, there, hair, bear, hare, wear, pair;
e 44. dress, ten, hen, seven, desk, egg, bread;
45. Pess the bell.
ә 46. teacher, doctor, driver, seller, fermer, waiter;
ð 47. that, them, the, then, mother, they, their, brother;
48. These are their father and mother.
θ 49. thanks, three, Smith, birthday
The teacher tought and thought and tought
50.
And no one knew the thought he thought. 
51. shop, shy, push, shine, she, shelf, sure, fish;
She sells sea shells on the seashore.
52.
The shells she sells are sea shells, I’m sure.
ks 53. six, mix, fix, next, text, ox,

3
 
 54. chair, teacher, chess, kitchen;
k 55. cat, cold, can, picnic, card, pack, cricket, clown;
ŋ 56. playing, wearing, reading, eating, bring, spring;
f 57. photo, phone, Phil, Philip;
p Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
58.
A peck of pickled peppers Peter piper picked.
b Betty Botter bought some butter,
But she found the butter bitter,
59.
So she bought some other butter
To make a bitter butter better.
g 60. My granny grows grapes in her garden.
w Why do you cry, Willy?
Why do you cry?
61.
Why, Will? Why, Willy?
Why, Willy, why?
r 62. write, river, run, room, right, rat, free;
h 63. who, whome, whole, whose, home, house;
64. joy, jam, just, joke, enjoy;
sw Swan Swim over the sea
65.
Swim, swan, swim
Swan swam back again
Well swum, swan.

4
 
  

English Department

Wallflowers
One Headlight
1.-Listen to the song and complete using the words in the box:

Lost wondered said listen seemed human coming up pretty broken remember

So long ago, I don't …………………………………… when

That's when they say I …………………………………………….my only friend
Well they ……………………………….she died easy of a ………………………………… heart disease
As I …………………………………………….. through the cemetery trees

I ‘ve seen the sun ………………………………………………….at the funeral at dawn

The long broken arm of…………………………………………….. law
Now it always …………………………….. such a waste
She always had a ……………………………………….. face
So I …………………………………………………… how she hung around this place

2.-Listen and try to write what you hear:

Chorus:
Hey, come on try a ……………………………………………………
Nothing is ………………………………..
There's got to be something ………………………………………..than
In the middle
But me & Cinderella
We put it all …………………………………………
We can …………………………………………. it home
With one headlight

3.-Choose the right line:

She said it's old She said it's cold

It feels like Independence Day It is like Independence Day
And I can't break away from this parade And I can't break away from this state
But there's got to be an ordering But there's got to be an opening
Somewhere here in front of me Somewhere here in front of him
Through this face of ugliness and greed Through this maze of ugliness and greed
And I’ve seen the sun up ahead And I see the sun up ahead
At the county line bridge At the county pine bridge
Sayin' all there's good and nothingness is dead Sayin' all there's good and nothingness is dead
We'll run until she's out of taste We'll run until she's out of breath
She ran until there's nothin' left She ran until there's something ' left
She hit the end-it's just her window ledge She kick the end-it's just her window ledge

(chorus)

4.-Order the sentences:

……………………………..This place is always such a mess

……………………………..I turn the engine, but the engine doesn't turn
………………………………Well it smells of cheap wine & cigarettes
………………………………It feels just like a beat up truck
……………………………….Well this place is old

I'm so alone, and I feel just like somebody else

Man, I ain't changed, but I know I ain't the same
But somewhere here in between the city walls of dyin' dreams
I think her death it must be killin' me

(chorus)
5.-Now give your personal opinion about the song in three lines.Did you like it? Why?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 
 Ten men set up ten tents.
William always wears a very warm woolen vest in winter.
Victor, however, will never wear woolen underwear, even in the Wild West.

Little Bill, sit still.

Will you sit still, little Bill?
If you sit still, little Bill,
Jimmy Nill will bring you to a big hill.

Helen’s husband hates hot tea.

Henry’s horse has hurt his hoof in a hole while hunting.

Just a joke.
Julius was jealous.
Jane, Jim and George Jones.
John, put the orange juice into the fridge.

The teacher thought and thought and thought

And nobody knew the thought he thought.
33 333- Thirty- three thousand three hundred and thirty- three.
A foreign accent is a very great drawback.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ten men set up ten tents.
William always wears a very warm woolen vest in winter.
Victor, however, will never wear woolen underwear, even in the Wild West.

Little Bill, sit still.

Will you sit still, little Bill?
If you sit still, little Bill,
Jimmy Nill will bring you to a big hill.

Helen’s husband hates hot tea.

Henry’s horse has hurt his hoof in a hole while hunting.

Just a joke.
Julius was jealous.
Jane, Jim and George Jones.
John, put the orange juice into the fridge.

The teacher thought and thought and thought

And nobody knew the thought he thought.
33 333- Thirty- three thousand three hundred and thirty- three.
A foreign accent is a very great drawback.
 Rules of Word Stress in English
There are two very simple rules about word stress:

1. One word has only one stress. (One word cannot have two
stresses. If you hear two stresses, you hear two words. Two stresses
cannot be one word. It is true that there can be a "secondary" stress in
some words. But a secondary stress is much smaller than the main
[primary] stress, and is only used in long words.)

2. We can only stress vowels, not consonants.

Here are some more, rather complicated, rules that can help you understand where
to put the stress. But do not rely on them too much, because there are many
exceptions. It is better to try to "feel" the music of the language and to add the stress
naturally.

1. Stress on first syllable

rule example

Most 2-syllable nouns PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble

Most 2-syllable adjectives PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy

2. Stress on last syllable

rule example

Most 2-syllable verbs to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN

There are many two-syllable words

in English whose meaning and class
change with a change in stress. The
word present, for example is a two-
syllable word. If we stress the first
syllable, it is a noun (gift) or an
adjective (opposite of absent). But if
we stress the second syllable, it
becomes a verb (to offer). More
examples: the words export, import,
contract and object can all be nouns
or verbs depending on whether the
stress is on the first or second
syllable.

3. Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end)

rule example

Words ending in -ic GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic

Words ending in -sion and -tion teleVIsion, reveLAtion

For a few words, native English

speakers don't always "agree" on
where to put the stress. For example,
some people say teleVIsion and
others say TELevision. Another
example is: CONtroversy and
conTROversy.

4. Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end)

rule example

Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy,

-gy geOLogy

Words ending in -al CRItical, geoLOGical

5. Compound words (words with two parts)

rule example
For compound nouns, the stress is on the first part BLACKbird, GREENhouse

For compound adjectives, the stress is on the bad-TEMpered, old-

second part FASHioned

For compound verbs, the stress is on the second to underSTAND, to

part overFLOW

- The End -