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Phase Sequence: in Order To Synchronize A Generator To The Grid, Four Conditions Must Be Met

To connect a synchronous generator to an AC power network, four conditions must be met: 1) the phase sequence of the generator and network must be the same, 2) the voltages must be equal in magnitude, 3) the frequencies must be equal, and 4) the phase angle between the generator and network voltages must be zero. If any of these conditions are not met when connecting the generator, it could cause damage due to current inrush or the generator behaving like a motor driven by the grid.

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Sumbal Mehmood
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33 views

Phase Sequence: in Order To Synchronize A Generator To The Grid, Four Conditions Must Be Met

To connect a synchronous generator to an AC power network, four conditions must be met: 1) the phase sequence of the generator and network must be the same, 2) the voltages must be equal in magnitude, 3) the frequencies must be equal, and 4) the phase angle between the generator and network voltages must be zero. If any of these conditions are not met when connecting the generator, it could cause damage due to current inrush or the generator behaving like a motor driven by the grid.

Uploaded by

Sumbal Mehmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ABSTRACT

Most of the electricity consumed today is produced by three phase synchronous generator.Since a
huge amount of electricity is consumed every day,AC power networks are generally made up of a
large number of synchronous generator all operating in the same frequency.

When the power demand increase,additional generator are connected to the AC power
network.Before connecting a three phase synchronous generator to an AC power network,the
following conditions are to be observed. A synchronous generator must never be connected to an
AC power network before verifying synchronization.

In order to synchronize a generator to the grid, four conditions must be


met:
1. Phase Sequence
2. Voltage Magnitude
3. Frequency
4. Phase Angle

1. Phase Sequence
The phase sequence (or phase rotation) of the three phases of the
generator must be the same as the phase sequence of the three phases of
the electrical system (Grid).

2. Voltage Magnitude
The magnitude of the sinusoidal voltage produced by the generator must be
equal to the magnitude of the sinusoidal voltage of the grid.

If all other conditions are met but the two voltages are not the same, that is
there is a voltage differential, closing of the AC generator output breaker will
cause a potentially large MVAR flow.

3. Frequency
The frequency of the sinusoidal voltage produced by the generator must be
equal to the frequency of the sinusoidal voltage produced by the grid.

Figure 2 – Generator Slower than Grid

In Figure 2 above the generator is slower than the grid.


The synchroscope would be rotating rapidly counter clockwise. If the generator
breaker were to be accidentally closed, the generator would be out of step with
the external electrical system. It would behave like motor and the grid would try
to bring it up to speed.

However, if you notice in 2 with the grid and a phase angle exists between
them. This would appear as a non-rotating synchroscope (both generator
and grid at same frequency), where the pointer would appear stuck at
about 9:00 o’clock (generator lagging grid).
If the generator breaker were to be closed at this time, the grid would pull
the generator into step.
However, this again would cause a large current in-rush to the generator and
high stresses on the rotor/stator with subsequent damage to the generator. If
the generator were leading the grid, it would try to immediately push power into
the grid with the same destructive forces as mentioned.

4. Phase Angle
As previously mentioned, the phase angle between the voltage produced by
the generator and the voltage produced by the grid must be zero.
The phase angle (0 to 360°) can be readily observed by comparing the
simultaneous occurrence of the peaks or zero crossings of the sinusoidal
waveforms.

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